treatments-xml/data/83/75/67/837567994C98E9D32EA5158EF7474A4C.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.5334" ID-GBIF-Dataset="135810bd-b290-4788-81c4-9caa4d6d32ee" ID-PMC="PMC3689060" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-307-1" ID-PubMed="23794920" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-307-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 307" ModsDocTitle="The remarkable scorpion diversity in the Ecuadorian Andes and description of a new species of Tityus C. L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" checkinTime="1451247235567" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lourenco, Wilson R. &amp; Ythier, Eric" docDate="2013" docId="837567994C98E9D32EA5158EF7474A4C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 307: 1-13" docOrigin="ZooKeys 307" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.5334" docTitle="Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda Lourenco &amp; Ythier, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFCB5E3C9328FFFEFFD05861FFA6FFC3" masterDocTitle="The remarkable scorpion diversity in the Ecuadorian Andes and description of a new species of Tityus C. L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1668155920540" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The remarkable scorpion diversity in the Ecuadorian Andes and description of a new species of Tityus C. L. Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lourenco, Wilson R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ythier, Eric</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>307</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>13</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.5334</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-307-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152044803" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:837567994C98E9D32EA5158EF7474A4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/837567994C98E9D32EA5158EF7474A4C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Tityus_crassicauda" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda" order="Scorpiones" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda" subGenus="Atreus">Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="2">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1-18
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Ecuador, Pichincha Province, Tandayapa, 2200 m, VIII/2012 (G. Onore &amp; I. Tapia leg.). Inside of 
<taxonomicName genus="Lauraceae" lsidName="Lauraceae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="genus">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
rotten logs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Male holotype and female paratype. Deposited in the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
national 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
naturelle, Paris.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Specific name refers to the strongly enlarged posterior metasomal segments.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Scorpions of medium size in relation to other species within the genus. Total length in male and female, 51.9 and 50.5 mm, respectively. General coloration reddish-brown with darker blackish zones; carapace and tergites with three longitudi 
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">nal</pageBreakToken>
brownish stripes, separated by yellow zones. Metasomal segments flattened, comparatively to other species of the group; segments IV and V very strongly enlarged, especially in the male holotype. Dorsal carinae of metasomal II to IV terminating distally with two very strong spinoid granules, more distinct on the female paratype. Pectines small with 15-15 teeth on male and 15-14 on female; basal piece of the middle lamella strongly dilated on female, and oval in shape. Cutting edges of fixed and movable fingers of pedipalp chela with 12-13 and 12-14 rows of granules on the male and female, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Relationships. The new species is clearly allied to 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus forcipula" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipula">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Tityus</pageBreakToken>
forcipula
</taxonomicName>
(Gervais, 1843) and other associated species such as 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus spinatus" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatus">Tityus spinatus</taxonomicName>
Pocock, 1898 and 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus cuellari" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuellari">Tityus cuellari</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lourenço">Lourenco</normalizedToken>
, 1994, species also known from the Colombian and Ecuadorian Andes and, previously defined as part of the 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus forcipula" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipula">Tityus forcipula</taxonomicName>
complex (see 
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lourenço">Lourenco</normalizedToken>
1984
</bibRefCitation>
for details). It can, however, be distinguished from all these species and in particular from 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus forcipula" order="Scorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipula">Tityus forcipula</taxonomicName>
by a number of features: (i) a distinct pattern of coloration and pigmentation, with brownish longitudinal stripes on the carapace and tergites, which are absent from the other species, (ii) sternites III to VII with a very strongly marked granulation but a moderately marked setation; granulations are less marked on the other species, 
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
iii) metasomal segments strongly flattened and very strongly enlarged, especially in the male holotype; less enlarged in the other species, (iv) tergites with only moderately marked granulation, (v) pedipalp segments and chela are smooth to lustrous; somewhat granular in the other species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description based on male holotype and female paratype (measurements in Table 1).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Coloration. Reddish-brown with darker, blackish areas. Prosoma: carapace reddish-brown, with yellowish zones between posterior median carinae. Mesosoma: reddish-brown with three brown to blackish longitudinal stripes extending from the posterior zone of the carapace and over tergites I to VII. Metasomal segments I to III reddish-brown, with dark to blackish carinae; IV and V reddish-brown dorsally, blackish laterally and ventrally. Vesicle: brownish-black; aculeus yellowish. Venter is reddish-brown, with some yellowish zones. Chelicerae yellowish-brown, with a very dark thread of variegated spots; fingers dark; teeth reddish. Pedipalps: reddish; fingers blackish, with extremities yellowish. Legs reddish-yellow to reddish-brown, with some diffuse and discrete fuscous spots; tarsi yellowish.</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="056C8015668B21CAA7E595E7E39DCC17" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/056C8015668B21CAA7E595E7E39DCC17" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Table 1. Measurements (in mm) of male holotype and female paratype of 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus crassicauda" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda">Tityus crassicauda</taxonomicName>
sp. n., and of male and female of 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus forcipula" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipula">Tityus forcipula</taxonomicName>
from Pichincha. &lt;br/&gt;
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<table pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<td colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus crassicauda" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda">Tityus crassicauda</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
<td colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus forcipula" order="Scorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipula">Tityus forcipula</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Morphology. Carapace moderately to strongly granular; anterior margin with a moderately marked concavity. Anterior median superciliary and posterior median carinae moderate to strong. Furrows moderately to strongly deep. Median ocular tubercle distinctly anterior to the centre of carapace. Eyes separated by a little more than one ocular diameter. Three pairs of lateral eyes. Sternum triangular. Mesosomal 
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">tergites</pageBreakToken>
moderately granular. Median carina strong on all tergites. Tergite VII pentacarinate. Venter: genital operculum divided longitudinally, forming two semi-oval plates. Pectines small; pectinal tooth count 15-15 in male holotype and 15-14 in female paratype; basal piece of the middle lamellae of the female pectines oval shaped and strongly dilated. Sternites very strongly granular, in particular on male holotype; spiracles moderately elongated; VII with four moderately to strongly marked carinae. Metasomal segments strongly flattened dorsally; IV and V very strongly enlarged, especially in the male holotype; segments I and II with ten carinae; III and IV with eight carinae, crenulate; V with five carinae. Dorsal carinae on segments II to IV with two very strong spinoid granules, distally. Lateral inframedian carinae on segment I complete, crenulate; on II almost complete; absent from III and IV. Ventrolateral carinae strong, crenulated; ventral submedian carinae strongly crenulate. Intercarinal spaces moderately granular. Segment V with weak dorsolateral carinae; ventrolateral and ventromedian carinae strong, crenulate. Lateral intercarinal spaces moderately to strongly granular. Telson moderately granular, with a long, strongly curved aculeus. Dorsal surface smooth; ventral surface weakly granular; subaculear tooth strong and spino-rhomboidal in shape. Cheliceral dentition characteristic of the family 
<taxonomicName family="Buthidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
(Vachon, 1963); movable finger with two basal teeth well distinct; ventral aspect of 
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">both</pageBreakToken>
fingers and manus with long, dense setae. Pedipalps: femur pentacarinate; patella with seven carinae; chela with nine carinae, more distinct on female paratype; all faces with only a few granules; smooth. Fixed and movable fingers of chela with respectively 12 and13 oblique rows of granules on the male holotype and 12-14 on the female paratype. Trichobothriotaxy; orthobothriotaxy 
<normalizedToken originalValue="A-α">A-α</normalizedToken>
(alpha) (
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Vachon 1974</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Vachon, M" journalOrPublisher="Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1597 - 1599" title="Sur l'utilisation de la trichobothriotaxie du bras des pedipalpes des Scorpions (Arachnides) dans le classement des genres de la famille des Buthidae Simon." volume="281" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
). Legs: tarsus with two series of 6-7 setae on ventral surface.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figures 1-2. 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda" subGenus="Atreus">Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male holotype, dorsal and ventral aspects.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figures 3-4. 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda" subGenus="Atreus">Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda</taxonomicName>
sp. n., female paratype, dorsal and ventral aspects.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figures 5-9. 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda" subGenus="Atreus">Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Trichobothrial pattern of male holotype 5-6 Chela dorso-external and ventral aspects 7-8 Patella, dorsal and external aspects 9 Femur, dorsal aspect (scale bar = 3 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figures 10-12. 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda" subGenus="Atreus">Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 10 Right chelicera, dorsal aspect (male holotype) 11-12 Metasomal segments III-V and telson, lateral aspect (male holotype and female paratype) 13 Segments IV, V and telson for 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus (Atreus) forcipula" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipula" subGenus="Atreus">Tityus (Atreus) forcipula</taxonomicName>
, male holotype 14 Segments II to V and telson for 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus (Atreus) spinatus" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinatus" subGenus="Atreus">Tityus (Atreus) spinatus</taxonomicName>
, female holotype (scale bars = 3 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 15. 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda" subGenus="Atreus">Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Male holotype alive in the field.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figures 16-17. The natural habitat of 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicauda" subGenus="Atreus">Tityus (Atreus) crassicauda</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 16 General view of the Andean Mountains 17 Detail of the vegetation cover.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The new species inhabits the tropical forests of the Ecuadorian Andean Mountains, in the Pichincha Province. The specimens were collected at an altitude of 2200 m, inside of rotten 
<taxonomicName genus="Lauraceae" lsidName="Lauraceae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
logs.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 18. Map of Ecuador showing the distribution of the known species of 
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tityus" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tityus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>