164 lines
19 KiB
XML
164 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="B7F24A282E45B9FFA9C588B8C5736F3C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2380.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5312376" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629667743400" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pogue, Michael G." docDate="2010" docId="7156EC101A30F4693D8249121EFBFB86" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02380p075.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2380 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2380.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leucania inermis Unarmed Wainscot" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="8D6F94681A10F4483D154F0A1C46FFFA" masterDocTitle="The Hadeninae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA 2380" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1699092986803" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="663A16CC1F1D627C4817E94777170C5D">The Hadeninae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA 2380</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA13D3523CC982947D12EE85DA237B2B">Pogue, Michael G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3E69E95CABBE4D1B2012B738EA0C2A40">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="371A03F55641DCA72951B52A97255A26">
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<mods:date id="2DC3A76FF0F925EB44E26941276B34B9">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="182052E8119ED7080CACDB6A72D1AAD0">2010-02-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1AEEB11444AF5EFE7B3781B3C93DAAB0">2380</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="05B6BBF3FE5F85C4116107325360A0CE">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2380.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="10BD87C25295ECE190039513543B5DFD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2380.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E2CBD58616F089EEEDB279AFB1012F4D" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7156EC101A30F4693D8249121EFBFB86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5320324" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5320324" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7156EC101A30F4693D8249121EFBFB86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7156EC101A30F4693D8249121EFBFB86" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="B1E50E8D1A30F4683D8249121F44F9C8" box="[151,770,1560,1586]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F9405D061A30F4683D8249121F44F9C8" blockId="32.[151,770,1560,1621]" box="[151,770,1560,1586]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="A208EA6A1A30F4683D8249121F44F9C8" bold="true" box="[151,770,1560,1586]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A30F4683D8249121F44F9C8" bold="true" box="[151,770,1560,1586]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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26.
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<taxonomicName id="3EFF26851A30F4683DD649121F44F9C8" ID-CoL="6Q3TZ" authority="(Forbes) Unarmed Wainscot" authorityName="Unarmed Wainscot" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" box="[195,770,1560,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A30F4683DD649121DD1F9C8" bold="true" box="[195,407,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Leucania inermis</emphasis>
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(Forbes) Unarmed Wainscot
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B1E50E8D1A30F4693D8249311EFBFB86" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F9405D061A30F4683D8249311DDBF9AF" blockId="32.[151,770,1560,1621]" box="[151,413,1595,1621]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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(
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<figureCitation id="61C441831A30F4683D8A49311D6BF9AF" box="[159,301,1595,1621]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 41–48" captionStart-1="FIGURES 49–56" captionStartId-0="62.[151,269,1675,1699]" captionStartId-1="63.[151,269,1675,1699]" captionTargetBox-0="[287,1299,227,1607]" captionTargetBox-1="[275,1309,214,1627]" captionTargetId-0="figure-187@62.[265,1321,194,1653]" captionTargetId-1="figure-150@63.[265,1321,194,1653]" captionTargetPageId-0="62" captionTargetPageId-1="63" captionText-0="FIGURES 41–48. Adults. 41, Sideridis congermana, m, Canada, Nova Scotia, Queens Co., Lake Keijimukujik, 18 June 1957, D.C. Ferguson; 42, Spiramater lutra, m, Tennessee, Blount Co., 0.1 mi W of Gregory Bald, 4929 ft., 27 May 2003, M.G. Pogue, USNMENT 00155153; 43, Spiramater lutra, m, Tennessee, Blount Co., Parsons Bald, 9 June 2002, L. & B. Merrit & M. Meyers, USNMENT 00153969; 44, Trichordestra legitima, m, North Carolina, Haywood Co., Purchase Knob, NE of house, field, 4925 ft., 2 Aug. 2003, M.G. Pogue, USNMENT 00218875; 45, Leucania adjuta, m, North Carolina, Swain Co., 8.3 mi NW GSMNP ent. on 441, Kephart Prong Trail, 2825 ft., 12 Oct. 2003, M.G. Pogue, USN- MENT 00219269; 46, Leucania adjuta, f, North Carolina, Haywood Co., Purchase Knob, NE of house, field, 4925 ft., 31 July 2003, M.G. Pogue, USNMENT 00156845; 47, Leucania inermis, m, Canada, Nova Scotia, Acaciaville, 29 June 1951, D.C. Ferguson; 48, Leucania inermis, m, Canada, Nova Scotia, Queens Co., Lake Kejimukujik, 12 June 1958, D.C. Ferguson." captionText-1="FIGURES 49–56. Adults. 49, Leucania inermis, f, North Carolina, Avery Co., Grandfather Mtn., 5280 ft., 14 July 1974, D.C. Ferguson; 50, Leucania linda, m, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Colesville, 16 June 1975, D.C. Ferguson; 51, Leucania linda, m, Maryland, Montgomery Co., Colesville, 9 June 1974, D.C. Ferguson; 52, Leucania multilinea, m, Canada, Nova Scotia, Victoria Co., Kelley Mtn. near Englishtown, 28 July 1970, D.C. Ferguson; 53, Leucania phragmatidicola, f, Oklahoma, Cimarron Co., Black Mesa State Park, E end of primative area, 4312 ft., 24 Aug. 2004, M.G. Pogue; 54, Leucania phragmatidicola, f, Connecticut, New Haven Co., Hamden, 6 June 1966, D.C. Ferguson; 55, Leucania pseudargyria, m, New York, 3 July 1900; 56, Leucania scirpicola, f, Florida, Highlands Co., Lake Placid, Archbold Biological Station, 19 Feb. 1985, D.C. Ferguson." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312390" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312392" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5312390/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5312392/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs. 47–49</figureCitation>
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, Map 27)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F9405D061A30F4683D82498F1F94F85F" blockId="32.[151,1436,1669,2032]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A30F4683D82498F1D0CF965" bold="true" box="[151,330,1669,1695]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Identification:</emphasis>
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Forewing length
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<quantity id="3E07F0E31A30F4683F0F498C1EDDF95A" box="[538,667,1670,1696]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="14.0">14–19 mm</quantity>
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. Overall ground color of forewing is light brown with no obvious striping as in
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<taxonomicName id="3EFF26851A30F4683C2D49A11DE5F93E" box="[312,419,1707,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adjuta">
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A30F4683C2D49A11DE5F93E" box="[312,419,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. adjuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Antemedial line is present, but faint and consists of indistinct black spots, which can be connected with thin lines, especially near posterior margin. Postmedial line consists of a double row of black spots with the distal row consisting of more spots than the proximal row. In some specimens the spots from the proximal row are connected with short lines to the spots in the distal row forming a zig-zag pattern. A black spot is present at end of the discal cell. The orbicular and reniform spots are faint, consisting of just a slightly lighter area in the discal cell; spots sometimes indistinct. Terminal line is a series of minute black spots. Hindwing is gray, lighter basally with no distinct darker margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F9405D061A30F4693DD148BA1DC4FEBD" blockId="32.[151,1436,1669,2032]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1436,152,626]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A30F4683DD148BA1E19F833" box="[196,607,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="3EFF26851A30F4683DD148BA1DD5F833" box="[196,403,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">Leucania inermis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="3EFF26851A30F4683C8A48BA1E1DF833" authorityName="Guenee False Wainscot" authorityYear="1852" box="[415,603,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudargyria">L. pseudargyria</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="3EFF26851A30F4683F8C48BA1F45F833" box="[665,771,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ursula">
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A30F4683F8C48BA1F45F833" box="[665,771,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. ursula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a similar forewing pattern. Males of
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<taxonomicName id="3EFF26851A30F46839E048BA192AF833" box="[1269,1388,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A30F46839E048BA192AF833" box="[1269,1388,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">L. inermis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be easily separated from the other two species by the absence of long, thick scales on the foretibia. These long, bushy scales are present on the male foretibia in
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A31F4693FCB4F921FE7FF4B" box="[734,929,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="3EFF26851A31F4693FCB4F921FD8FF4B" authorityName="Guenee False Wainscot" authorityYear="1852" box="[734,926,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudargyria">L. pseudargyria</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A31F4693EC84F921817FF4B" box="[989,1105,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="3EFF26851A31F4693EC84F92180AFF4B" box="[989,1100,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ursula">L. ursula</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The orbicular and reniform spots are very faint to almost absent in
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<taxonomicName id="3EFF26851A31F4693F924FB71F40FF2C" box="[647,774,189,214]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A31F4693F924FB71F40FF2C" box="[647,774,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">L. inermis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the reniform having a minute, central dark dot. Postmedial line consists of a series of 6–8 tiny black dots from costa to posterior margin. Terminal line consists of a series of minute black dots. Hindwing is white with veins highlighted gray and with an indistinct gray marginal band.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F9405D061A31F4693DD14E58181AFE96" blockId="33.[151,1436,152,626]" box="[196,1116,338,364]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A31F4693DD14E581D37FE96" bold="true" box="[196,369,338,364]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Flight period:</emphasis>
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Late April to mid-October, two broods annually (
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<bibRefCitation id="9D6E20F71A31F4693EAC4E581809FE96" author="Covell, C. V., Jr." box="[953,1103,338,364]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref30377" refString="Covell, C. V., Jr. (1984) A field guide to the moths of eastern North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts, 496 pp." type="book" year="1984">Covell 1984</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F9405D061A31F4693DD14E7D1EA6FE4D" blockId="33.[151,1436,152,626]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A31F4693DD14E7D1D94FE6B" bold="true" box="[196,466,375,401]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Collected localities:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="4997575B1A31F4693CC94E721EA6FE4D" county="Swain Co." location="Big Cove Road" municipality="Smokemont" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="North Carolina">
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<collectingRegion id="3B3B93E41A31F4693CC94E721EE5FE68" box="[476,675,376,402]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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North
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<taxonomicName id="3EFF26851A31F4693F254E721EE5FE68" authority=": Haywood Co., Purchase Knob" authorityName="Haywood Co., Purchase Knob" box="[560,675,376,402]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Styracaceae" genus="Halesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carolina">Carolina</taxonomicName>
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</collectingRegion>
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: Haywood Co., Purchase Knob at lower creek;
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<collectingCounty id="1021258A1A31F469381B4E7219D0FE68" box="[1294,1430,376,402]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Swain Co.</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="1924C77C1A31F4693D824E971D6EFE4D" box="[151,296,413,439]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Smokemont</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="FC200BDD1A31F4693C264E971DAEFE4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7156EC101A30F4693D8249121EFBFB86:FC200BDD1A31F4693C264E971DAEFE4D" box="[307,488,413,439]" county="Swain Co." municipality="Smokemont" name="Big Cove Road" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="North Carolina">Big Cove Road</location>
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site p. (
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<specimenCount id="EFF9968F1A31F4693F534E971E9EFE4D" box="[582,728,413,439]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
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||
)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F9405D061A31F4693DD14EC81EABFE26" blockId="33.[151,1436,152,626]" box="[196,749,450,476]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A31F4693DD14EC81DD5FE26" bold="true" box="[196,403,450,476]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Elevation range:</emphasis>
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||
<quantity id="3E07F0E31A31F4693C8E4EC81E79FE26" box="[411,575,450,476]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.20496" metricValueMax="12.192" metricValueMin="6.21792" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="ft" value="3020.0" valueMax="4000.0" valueMin="2040.0">2040–4000 ft.</quantity>
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||
(
|
||
<quantity id="3E07F0E31A31F4693F5B4EC81EA2FE26" box="[590,740,450,476]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.205" metricValueMax="12.19" metricValueMin="6.22" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="920.5" valueMax="1219.0" valueMin="622.0">622–1219 m</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F9405D061A31F4693DD14EED1D42FDDD" blockId="33.[151,1436,152,626]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="CB8B81141A31F4693DD14EED1DA7FDFB" bold="true" box="[196,481,487,513]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">General distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
An eastern species that ranges from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3B3B93E41A31F4693EAC4EE21815FDF8" box="[953,1107,488,514]" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
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||
in
|
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<collectingCountry id="81E81D961A31F469396A4EE2189DFDF8" box="[1151,1243,488,514]" name="Canada" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Canada</collectingCountry>
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south to South Carolina.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F9405D061A31F4693DD14D381EA7FD88" blockId="33.[151,1436,152,626]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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||
<emphasis id="CB8B81141A31F4693DD14D381D2DFDB6" bold="true" box="[196,363,562,588]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Larval hosts:</emphasis>
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This is a general grass feeder and larvae obtained from eggs were reared on orchardgrass (
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<taxonomicName id="3EFF26851A31F4693DB44D521DC4FD8B" box="[161,386,600,625]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dactylis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
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<emphasis id="CB8B81141A31F4693DB44D521DC4FD8B" box="[161,386,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Dactylis glomerata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3EFF26851A31F4693CA44D521E55FD88" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[433,531,600,626]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D6E20F71A31F4693F3F4D521E92FD88" author="Godfrey, G. L." box="[554,724,600,626]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 265" refId="ref30677" refString="Godfrey, G. L. (1972) A review and reclassification of larvae of the subfamily Hadeninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) of American north of Mexico. U. S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 1450, 1 - 265." type="journal article" year="1972">Godfrey 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F9405D061A31F4693D824B6E1EFBFB86" blockId="33.[151,701,1124,1148]" box="[151,701,1124,1148]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="CB8B81141A31F4693D824B6E1CBDFB86" bold="true" box="[151,251,1124,1148]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MAP 27.</emphasis>
|
||
Collecting localities of
|
||
<emphasis id="CB8B81141A31F4693CE94B6F1EFBFB86" box="[508,701,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3EFF26851A31F4693CE94B6F1EFEFB86" box="[508,696,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leucania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">Leucania inermis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |