1148 lines
71 KiB
XML
1148 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.53199" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0018f7ca-cbb2-4943-a2dc-37f7249963e0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223414" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-2-183" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AED69B98F4585CA6AE917CEC7264040E" ID-ZooBank="A75EEE9FF43B4B56BCF914CCB1238C64" ModsDocID="1860-1324-67-2-183" checkinTime="1621372313705" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bernhard, Seifert" docDate="2020" docId="619D30D6A08B5E73A9DF1F234D1CAC13" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 67(2): 183-196" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 67 (2)" docPubDate="2020-09-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.53199" docTitle="Plagiolepis schmitzii Forel 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="AED69B98F4585CA6AE917CEC7264040E" lastPageNumber="183" masterDocId="AED69B98F4585CA6AE917CEC7264040E" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Plagiolepis schmitzii group with description of Pl. invadens sp. nov. - a new invasive supercolonial species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="196" masterPageNumber="183" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" updateTime="1643449725322" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Revision of the Plagiolepis schmitzii group with description of Pl. invadens sp. nov. - a new invasive supercolonial species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Bernhard, Seifert</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Goerlitz, Am Museum 1, 02826 Goerlitz, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2020-09-21</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>67</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>183</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>196</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.53199</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.67.53199</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-2-183</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A75EEE9FF43B4B56BCF914CCB1238C64</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AED69B98F4585CA6AE917CEC7264040E</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223414" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:619D30D6A08B5E73A9DF1F234D1CAC13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/619D30D6A08B5E73A9DF1F234D1CAC13" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="619D30D6-A08B-5E73-A9DF-1F234D1CAC13" authority="Forel, 1895" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">Plagiolepis schmitzii Forel, 1895</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis pygmaea subsp. var. var. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pygmaea" subSpecies="var." variety="schmitzii">Plagiolepis pygmaea var. schmitzii</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forel, 1895 Published type locality: "Serra
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Agua">d'Agua</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Madeira (Seminardirektor P. E. Schmitz)" [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="32.727" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="32.727">32.727°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.027" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-17.027">17.027°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 347 m alt.]. Nine paratype workers were investigated from MHN
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Genève">Geneve</normalizedToken>
|
||
collected by Schmitz in at least three localities in Madeira. Amongst these were workers pictured in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="AntWeb" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" publicationUrl="https://www.antweb.org" refId="B1" refString="AntWeb, 2020. Version 8.37. California Academy of Science, online at https://www.antweb.org" title="Version 8.37. California Academy of Science, online at" url="https://www.antweb.org" year="2020">AntWeb (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, labelled "
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. pygmaea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Pl. pygmaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Latr. v.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">Plagiolepis schmitzii</taxonomicName>
|
||
For. Garajau Madeira Schmitz 3, 5-9", "ANTWEB CASENT0909859". All investigated specimens do not carry a label pointing to Serra
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Agua">d'Agua</normalizedToken>
|
||
. I also investigated the lectotype gyne labelled "
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. pygmaea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Pl. pygmaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Latr. v.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">Plagiolepis schmitzii</taxonomicName>
|
||
For. Madeira (Schmitz)", "ANTWEB CASENT0909858", "LECTOTYPE (upper)
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis pygmaea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Plagiolepis pygmaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
var. schmitzi Forel, 1895 desig. Wetterer & Espadaler".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis barbara var. canariensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="barbara" variety="canariensis">Plagiolepis barbara canariensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis barbara subsp. var. var. canariensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="barbara" subSpecies="var." variety="canariensis">Plagiolepis barbara var. canariensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Santschi, 1920
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[syn.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">Plagiolepis schmitzii</taxonomicName>
|
||
] Described from Tenerife: La Laguna, Bejano and Esperanze. No type specimens or figures of this taxon were available and the descriptive statements of Santschi are useless. A junior synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">Pl. schmitzii</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears probable for zoogeographic reasons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis barbara var. madeirensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="barbara" variety="madeirensis">Plagiolepis barbara madeirensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis barbara subsp. var. var. madeirensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="barbara" subSpecies="var." variety="madeirensis">Plagiolepis barbara var. madeirensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Emery, 1921
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[syn.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">Plagiolepis schmitzii</taxonomicName>
|
||
] Identification by evaluation of photos of a type worker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="AntWeb" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" publicationUrl="https://www.antweb.org" refId="B1" refString="AntWeb, 2020. Version 8.37. California Academy of Science, online at https://www.antweb.org" title="Version 8.37. California Academy of Science, online at" url="https://www.antweb.org" year="2020">AntWeb (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
labelled "
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. barbara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="barbara">Pl. barbara</taxonomicName>
|
||
var.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis barbara var. madeirensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="barbara" variety="madeirensis">Plagiolepis barbara madeirensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Em.", "SYNTYPUS
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis barbara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbara">Plagiolepis barbara</taxonomicName>
|
||
var.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis barbara var. madeirensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="barbara" variety="madeirensis">Plagiolepis barbara madeirensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Emery, 1921", "Funchal Madeira De Guerne", "ANTWEB CASENT0905140".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis maura subsp. polygyna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maura" subSpecies="polygyna">Plagiolepis maura polygyna</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis maura subsp. polygyna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maura" subSpecies="polygyna">Plagiolepis maura polygyna</taxonomicName>
|
||
Santschi, 1922
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[syn.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">Plagiolepis schmitzii</taxonomicName>
|
||
] Four type workers were investigated from NHM Basel labelled "Tunisie, Cheri Chera 27 III 21 Santschi".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii var. tingitana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="schmitzii" variety="tingitana">Plagiolepis schmitzii tingitana</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii subsp. var. var. tingitana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="schmitzii" subSpecies="var." variety="tingitana">Plagiolepis schmitzii var. tingitana</taxonomicName>
|
||
Santschi, 1936
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[syn.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">Plagiolepis schmitzii</taxonomicName>
|
||
] Santschi published as collecting sites "Tanger w. (type) et Volubilis w. (Alluaud)". Four type workers were investigated from NHM Basel labelled "Tanger Ch. Alluaud".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
A total of 21 samples with
|
||
<specimenCount type="worker">64 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
were subject to morphometric investigation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" country="Algeria" elevation="594" latitude="35.398" location="Mascara" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="0.138" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mascara">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Algeria">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Algeria" name="Mascara">Mascara</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 1926 [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.398" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="35.398">35.398°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0.138" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="0.138">0.138°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9399999999999995" unit="m" value="594.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9399999999999995" unit="m" value="594.0">594 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-06-21" country="England" elevation="3" latitude="50.59" location="Bonchurch" longLatPrecision="657" longitude="-1.19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Isle of Wight">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="United Kingdom">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="United Kingdom" name="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:619D30D6A08B5E73A9DF1F234D1CAC13:DAE52C7229878660241BFEFC172F036B" country="England" latitude="50.59" longLatPrecision="657" longitude="-1.19" name="Bonchurch" stateProvince="Isle of Wight">Bonchurch</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2007-06-21">2007.06.21</collectingDate>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.59" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="50.59">50.59°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.19" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-1.19">1.19°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="3.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-02-11" country="Germany" county="Schkeuditz" elevation="104" latitude="50.045" location="Seligenstadt" longLatPrecision="65" longitude="8.975" municipality="Schriesheim" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Schkeuditz</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2019-02-11">2019.02.11</collectingDate>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="51.392" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="51.392">51.392°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="12.204" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="12.204">12.204°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" unit="m" value="104.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" unit="m" value="104.0">104 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.];
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Schriesheim</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, 2017.05 [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.470" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="49.47">49.470°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.46" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="8.46">8.46°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" unit="m" value="118.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" unit="m" value="118.0">118 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.];
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:619D30D6A08B5E73A9DF1F234D1CAC13:605BE8AC9D804510DDA47C5DF6B0968E" country="Germany" county="Schkeuditz" latitude="50.045" longLatPrecision="65" longitude="8.975" municipality="Schriesheim" name="Seligenstadt">Seligenstadt</location>
|
||
, 2009.04 [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.045" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="50.045">50.045°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.975" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="8.975">8.975°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" unit="m" value="115.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" unit="m" value="115.0">115 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1940-02-02" collectingDateMax="1987-05-05" collectingDateMin="1940-02-02" collectorName="Chefchaouen" country="Morocco" elevation="400" latitude="30.889" location="Meknes" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="-8.37" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Morocco">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName>Chefchaouen</collectorName>
|
||
, 2009.03 [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.183" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="35.183">35.183°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.300" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-5.3">5.300°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.];
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:619D30D6A08B5E73A9DF1F234D1CAC13:05CBAA15026BCA5E8DC1E8565DA96B4E" country="Morocco" latitude="30.889" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="-8.37" name="Meknes">Meknes</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1940-02-02">1940.02.02</collectingDate>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.894" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="33.894">33.894°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.547" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-5.547">5.547°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.51" unit="m" value="551.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.51" unit="m" value="551.0">551 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.]; Rabat (Santschi) [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.973" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="33.973">33.973°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.845" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-6.845">6.845°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" unit="m" value="84.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" unit="m" value="84.0">84 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.]; Tanger (Alluaud), type
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schm. subsp. tingitana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="subSpecies" species="schm." subSpecies="tingitana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schm. tingitana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.755" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="35.755">35.755°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.819" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-5.819">5.819°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="30.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.]; Tiz-n-Test -
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
N,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1987-05-05">1987.05.05</collectingDate>
|
||
, No 13015 [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="30.889" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="30.889">30.889°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.370" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-8.37">8.370°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" unit="m" value="1810.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" unit="m" value="1810.0">1810 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-09-09" collectingDateMax="2011-05-27" collectingDateMin="2006-09-09" country="Netherlands" elevation="2" latitude="52.09" location="Tholen" longLatPrecision="651" longitude="5.12" municipality="Brakel" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Utrecht">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Netherlands">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Brakel</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, 2013.02 [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="51.820" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="51.82">51.820°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.093" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="5.093">5.093°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.];
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:619D30D6A08B5E73A9DF1F234D1CAC13:AA0929BB91BA36173CB2F0FC5D34C201" country="Netherlands" latitude="52.09" longLatPrecision="651" longitude="5.12" municipality="Brakel" name="Tholen" stateProvince="Utrecht">Tholen</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2011-05-27">2011.05.27</collectingDate>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="51.539" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="51.539">51.539°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.217" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="4.217">4.217°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.];
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Netherlands" name="Utrecht">Utrecht</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2006-09-09">2006.09.09</collectingDate>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="52.09" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="52.09">52.09°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.12" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="5.12">5.12°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectorName="da Calheta" country="Portugal" elevation="350" latitude="32.65" location="Estreito da Calheta" longLatPrecision="725" longitude="-16.87" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madeira" typeStatus="paratypes">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Portugal">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Portugal" name="Madeira">Madeira</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:619D30D6A08B5E73A9DF1F234D1CAC13:78F67718654BE6568101071A414BC5F3" country="Portugal" latitude="32.65" longLatPrecision="725" longitude="-16.87" name="Estreito da Calheta" stateProvince="Madeira">
|
||
Estreito
|
||
<collectorName>da Calheta</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, 2009.03 [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="32.733" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="32.733">32.733°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.167" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-17.167">17.167°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="350.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.];
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Portugal" name="Madeira">Madeira</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="1400.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(Schmitz),
|
||
<typeStatus>paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.0" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="33.0">33.0°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.0" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="-17.0">17.0°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="1400.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.];
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Portugal" name="Madeira">Madeira</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Garajau (Schmitz),
|
||
<typeStatus>paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="32.64" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="32.64">32.64°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.85" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-16.85">16.85°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="230.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="230.0">230 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
];
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Portugal" name="Madeira">Madeira</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Palheiro (Schmitz),
|
||
<typeStatus>paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="32.65" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="32.65">32.65°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.87" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-16.87">16.87°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="360.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="360.0">360 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-06-02" collectingDateMax="2019-06-24" collectingDateMin="1999-06-02" country="Spain" county="La Palma" elevation="334" latitude="37.394" location="Tenerife" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-5.994" municipality="Todoque" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>La Palma</collectingCounty>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Todoque</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2010-03-02">2010.03.02</collectingDate>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="28.617" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="28.617">28.617°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.903" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-17.903">17.903°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.34" unit="m" value="334.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.34" unit="m" value="334.0">334 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.];
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:619D30D6A08B5E73A9DF1F234D1CAC13:B53BB4DCD6785A21B7AE722C4E8547F0" country="Spain" county="La Palma" latitude="37.394" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-5.994" municipality="Todoque" name="Tenerife">Tenerife</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:619D30D6A08B5E73A9DF1F234D1CAC13:94BAC5C2B2E2F93D4AC0825EA848C133" country="Spain" county="La Palma" latitude="37.394" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-5.994" municipality="Todoque" name="Las Canadas">Las Canadas</location>
|
||
NP,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1999-06-02">1999.06.02</collectingDate>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="28.26" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="28.26">28.26°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.61" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-16.61">16.61°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="2300.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.];
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:619D30D6A08B5E73A9DF1F234D1CAC13:BB131F2D2B99322A744614FB54A5986F" country="Spain" county="La Palma" latitude="37.394" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-5.994" municipality="Todoque" name="Sevilla">Sevilla</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2019-06-24">2019.06.24</collectingDate>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="37.394" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="37.394">37.394°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.994" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-5.994">5.994°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1921-03-27" country="Tunisia" elevation="255" latitude="35.637" location="Cherichara" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="9.815" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Tunisia">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:619D30D6A08B5E73A9DF1F234D1CAC13:7233626C03ACD442381B7F2F1598ABE0" country="Tunisia" latitude="35.637" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="9.815" name="Cherichara">Cherichara</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1921-03-27">1921.03.27</collectingDate>
|
||
, types
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. polygyna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="polygyna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. polygyna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.637" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="35.637">35.637°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9.815" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="9.815">9.815°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" unit="m" value="255.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" unit="m" value="255.0">255 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Diagnosis and taxonomy</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
(Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. RAV-corrected morphometric data of worker individuals of the Plagiolepis schmitzii complex given as arithmetic mean + / - standard deviation [minimum, maximum]; n = number of individuals. F values and significance levels p are from a univariate ANOVA and evaluate the differences between Pl. atlantis and Pl. invadens sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D391BECA51134E5ACE149FBAA04D14FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" tableUuid="D391BECA51134E5ACE149FBAA04D14FB">1</tableCitation>
|
||
, key, AntWeb, 2020: CASENT0906252, Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Head of a worker of Plagiolepis schmitzii (image from AntWeb, 2020: CASENT 0906252, photographer E. Ortega)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.53199.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455220" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">2</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Dorsal aspect of a worker of Plagiolepis schmitzii (image from AntWeb 2020: CASENT 0906252, photographer E. Ortega)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.53199.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455222" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">4</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="D391BECA51134E5ACE149FBAA04D14FB" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D391BECA51134E5ACE149FBAA04D14FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
RAV-corrected morphometric data of worker individuals of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Plagiolepis schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex given as arithmetic mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
standard deviation [minimum, maximum]; n = number of individuals. F values and significance levels p are from a univariate ANOVA and evaluate the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="atlantis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. invadens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="invadens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. invadens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis barbara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Plagiolepis barbara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 7)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Plagiolepis schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 64)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atlantis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Plagiolepis atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 56)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">ANOVA F1,64, p</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bernhard" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis invadens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invadens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Plagiolepis invadens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (n = 10)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">CS [µm]</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
488
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
39 [428, 527]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
466
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
39 [390, 548]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
455
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
33 [404, 533]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">0, n.s.</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
455
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
26 [408, 497]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">CL/CW0.45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.106
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.012 [1.092, 1.128]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.113
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.023 [1.066, 1.173]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.108
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.024 [1.062, 1.193]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">0.01, n.s.</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.108
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.013 [1.090, 1.132]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">dTP/CS0.45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.502
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.012 [0.478, 0.513]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.508
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.011 [0.487, 0.535]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.502
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.011 [0.480, 0.538]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">0.80, n.s.</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.499
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.009 [0.479, 0.509]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">dAN/CS0.45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.243
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.006 [0.235, 0.253]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.243
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.007 [0.222, 0.255]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.241
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.008 [0.224, 0.266]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">8.61, 0.005</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.249
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.005 [0.241,0.256]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">EL/CS0.45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.321
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.015 [0.301,0.336]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.286
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.010 [0.267,0.311]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.263
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.013 [0.240,0.299]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">1.12, n.s.</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.259
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.004 [0.254, 0.264]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">PrOc/CS0.45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.219
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.009 [0.207, 0.231]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.239
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.011 [0.210, 0.262]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.247
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.012 [0.218, 0.273]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">1.43, n.s.</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.252
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.006 [0.241, 0.264]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">PoOc/CL0.45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.341
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.008 [0.334, 0.356]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.359
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.008 [0.341, 0.381]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.376
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.012 [0.351, 0.399]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">1.28, n.s.</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.371
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.006 [0.361, 0.381]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">SL/CS0.45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.945
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.019 [0.920, 0.971]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.034
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.020 [0.980, 1.072]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.970
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.024 [0.920, 1.011]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">36.72</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.000
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.923
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.011 [0.900, 0.936]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">F2/CS0.45 [%]</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.16
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.51 [6.61, 7.89]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.93
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.57 [6.54, 9.11]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.39 [6.16, 8.15]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">0.49, n.s.</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.21
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.44 [6.65, 8.06]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">F3/CS0.45 [%]</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
9.12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.28 [8.64, 9.39]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.17
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.48 [9.20, 11.55]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
9.36
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.35 [8.71, 10.32]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">265.5</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.000
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.36
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.42 [6.88, 8.11]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">F4/CS0.45 [%]</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.88
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.34 [10.34, 11.32]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
12.27
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.50 [11.04, 13.23]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.96
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.39 [10.17, 11.99]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">61.8</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.000
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
9.88
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.43 [9.22, 10.50]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">F4/F30.45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.193
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.024 [1.158, 1.222]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.208
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.060 [1.052, 1.357]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.172
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.046 [1.054, 1.312]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">89.9</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.000
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.346
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.086 [1.218, 1.511]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">ML/CS0.45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.205
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.015 [1.190, 1.226]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.234
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.034 [1.160, 1.322]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.174
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.034 [1.105, 1.279]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">0.01, n.s.</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.175
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.034 [1.127, 1.248]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">MW/CS0.45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.640
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.017 [0.609, 0.656]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.629
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.018 [0.581, 0.669]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.653
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.022 [0.607, 0.695]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">28.82</emphasis>
|
||
, 0.000
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.615
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.012 [0.601, 0.635]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">PLG/CS0.45 [%]</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.22
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.28 [6.84, 7.58]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
6.73
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.46 [5.82, 7.77]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.49 [6.38, 8.25]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">0.93, n.s.</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.46
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.49 [6.74, 8.07]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">sqPDG 0.45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
3.50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.33 [3.05, 4.06]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.87
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.31 [2.40, 3.76]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.89
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.19 [2.55, 3.28]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">9.61, 0.003</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.70
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.08 [2.56, 2.80]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">BPdG 0.45</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
19.81
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.87 [17.8, 23.4]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
15.78
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.04 [12.7, 21.5]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
16.53
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.28 [14.4, 19.4]
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">4.94, 0.030</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rowspan="1">
|
||
15.60
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.78 [14.7, 16.9]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.67.53199.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455220" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Head of a worker of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Plagiolepis schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(image from AntWeb, 2020: CASENT0906252, photographer E. Ortega).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.67.53199.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455221" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral aspect of a worker of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Plagiolepis schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(image from AntWeb, 2020: CASENT0906252, photographer E. Ortega).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.67.53199.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455222" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal aspect of a worker of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Plagiolepis schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(image from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="AntWeb" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" publicationUrl="https://www.antweb.org" refId="B1" refString="AntWeb, 2020. Version 8.37. California Academy of Science, online at https://www.antweb.org" title="Version 8.37. California Academy of Science, online at" url="https://www.antweb.org" year="2020">AntWeb 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: CASENT0906252, photographer E. Ortega).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the longest scape and funiculus segments within the species group. The most similar species is
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="atlantis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. barbara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="barbara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. barbara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. invadens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="invadens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. invadens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. appear more distant and have much shorter scapes (for their status, see there). The material allocated here to
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(21 samples, 64 specimens) and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="atlantis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(20 samples, 56 specimens) were investigated by exploratory data analyses (EDAs). Considering absolute head size and all 16 allometrically-corrected shape, pubescence and surface characters, NC-Ward, NC-part.kmeans, NC-NMDS-kmeans, a principal component analysis (PCA) and NC-part.hclust confirmed two clusters. The classification of the first four EDAs agreed for each of the 41 samples, whereas NC-part.hclust exposed two samples as indeterminate outliers (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Results of four variants of NC-clustering: NC-Ward (hierarchical, tree shown), NC-part. hclust (hierarchical), NC-part. kmeans (iterative vector-quantisation), NC-NMDS (non-metric scaling); 21 nest samples of Plagiolepis schmitzii (grey bars) and of 20 nest samples of Pl. atlantis (black bars). Outliers in NC-part. hclust are given by the white gap." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.67.53199.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455223" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). If these two samples were run as wild-cards in a controlling linear discriminant analysis (LDA), they were classified in agreement with the first four EDAs. The classification error of the LDA on an individual level was 0.7 % in 120 workers. All these data are a clear indication of separate species identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="atlantis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Running the type series of seven taxa as wild-cards in the LDA resulted in clear allocations to either cluster. The posterior probabilities for allocation to the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cluster were 1.000 in each of the three paratype series of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Madeira, 0.999 in the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. polygyna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="polygyna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. polygyna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 1.000 in the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. tingitana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="tingitana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. tingitana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the posterior probabilities for allocation to the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="atlantis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cluster were 1.000 in the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="atlantis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 0.916 in the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. crosi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="crosi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. crosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 0.994 in the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. kabyla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="kabyla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. kabyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 0.998 in the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. perperamus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="perperamus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. perperamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All five EDAs allocated any type series in agreement with the LDA wild-card runs. As a consequence,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. polygyna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="polygyna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. polygyna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. tingitana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="tingitana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. tingitana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. crosi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="crosi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. crosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. kabyla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="kabyla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. kabyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. perperamus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="perperamus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. perperamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="atlantis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Without types of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis barbara subsp. var. var. madeirensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="barbara" subSpecies="var." variety="madeirensis">Plagiolepis barbara var. madeirensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Emery, 1921 being available, the synonymisation of this taxon with
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is highly probable for two reasons: (1) the scape is very long: the data of SL and CW, as they can be derived with minimum distortions from the CASENT0905140 photo of the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. b. subsp. madeirensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="subSpecies" species="b." subSpecies="madeirensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. b. madeirensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type, are within the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cluster and outside the cluster formed by
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="atlantis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. invadens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="invadens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. invadens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. barbara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="barbara">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. barbara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (2) Madeira seems to be inhabited by only a single, very abundant
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Plagiolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species which is to be named
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.67.53199.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/455223" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Results of four variants of NC-clustering: NC-Ward (hierarchical, tree shown), NC-part.hclust (hierarchical), NC-part.kmeans (iterative vector-quantisation), NC-NMDS (non-metric scaling); 21 nest samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Plagiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plagiolepis schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Plagiolepis schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(grey bars) and of 20 nest samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. atlantis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="atlantis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(black bars). Outliers in NC-part.hclust are given by the white gap.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||
According to direct investigation of voucher specimens,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed from Madeira and the Canaries across West Mediterranean Africa east to Tunisia. There are anthropogenous introductions north of 46°N. In Germany, it has been found so far only in houses, with workers occasionally foraging outdoors. However, year-round outdoor nesting has been recently reported from two sites in the Netherlands (Jinze Noordijk pers. comm. 2020). Accordingly, there is a clear potential for becoming an established neozoon in NW and Central Europe in the context of global warming. Polygyny and polydomy with colony territories over several houses is confirmed for populations in the Netherlands and Germany. The population from Madeira, Estreito da Calheta is obligatory polygynous and highly polyandrous (a queen may have up to 14 different mates), whereas the population from Chefchaouen in Morocco is facultatively polygynous and moderately polyandrous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05161.x" author="Thurin, N" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="3251 - 3260" refId="B19" refString="Thurin, N, Sery, N, Guimbretiere, R, Aron, S, 2011. Colony kin structure and breeding system in the ant genus Plagiolepis. Molecular Ecology 20: 3251 - 3260, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05161.x" title="Colony kin structure and breeding system in the ant genus Plagiolepis." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05161.x" volume="20" year="2011">Thurin et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
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). These authors stated that relatedness within colonies remains high because of sib-mating and relatedness of the male mates of a queen (fixation index
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">F</emphasis>
|
||
it = 0.24 in the Madeiran and 0.26 in the Moroccan population). Small size, polygyny with intranidal mating and broad food spectrum are pre-adaptations for a career as a tramp species.
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Pl." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pl. schmitzii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="schmitzii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pl. schmitzii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is everywhere present in Madeira and rivals there in abundance with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1909" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lasius grandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">Lasius cf. grandis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |