186 lines
17 KiB
XML
186 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8eb9e776-76c2-4f09-8964-77205d602229" ID-PMC="PMC3677357" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-286-1" ID-PubMed="23794844" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-286-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 286" ModsDocTitle="Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)" checkinTime="1451247449682" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sendall, Kelly & Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I." docDate="2013" docId="619C6CCC74607B9ABBBD89C5DDEB87E5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 286: 1-74" docOrigin="ZooKeys 286" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438" docTitle="Sternaspis maior Chamberlin 1919" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="E62FFF94FFE6FFFEEA0AE45616142716" masterDocTitle="Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1668155612909" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sendall, Kelly</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>286</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>74</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-286-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042390" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:619C6CCC74607B9ABBBD89C5DDEB87E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/619C6CCC74607B9ABBBD89C5DDEB87E5" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Sternaspis_maior" authority="Chamberlin, 1919" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">Sternaspis</pageBreakToken>
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maior Chamberlin, 1919
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</taxonomicName>
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Figure 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
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Chamberlin, 1919: 406-407, Pl. 78, fig. 10.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
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: Fauchald 1972: 238-239,
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<bibRefCitation author="Mendez, N" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="605 - 622" title="Relationships between deep-water polychaete fauna and environmental factors in the southeastern Gulf of California, Mexico." volume="71" year="2007">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 609, 614, 616 fig. 7 (partim, non
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<bibRefCitation pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Stimpson 1853</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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Eastern Tropical Pacific, Gulf of California. Neotype (UNAM 7882), RV El Puma, Crucero Talud V, Sta. 25 (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.866667">24°52'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-108.96667">108°58'W</geoCoordinate>
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), off Isla Altamura, Sinaloa, 830 m, 16-XII-2001, N.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
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, coll. 1 paraneotype (UNAM 7881), RV El Puma, Crucero Talud V, Sta. 18 (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.25">24°15'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-108.28333">108°17'W</geoCoordinate>
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), off Ensenada del
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pabellón">Pabellon</normalizedToken>
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, Sinaloa, 965 m, 15-XII-2000, N.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
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, coll. 1 paraneotype (UNAM 0000), RV El Puma, Crucero Talud XIV, Sta. 13 (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="28.526112">28°31'34"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-112.29528">112°17'43"W</geoCoordinate>
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), dredge, 180-182 m, 8-IV-0000, B.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yáñez">Yanez</normalizedToken>
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, coll.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Neotype (UNAM 7882), with body browinish, paler without the papillar layer (Fig. 11A, B). Introvert expanded, markedly wider than abdomen, covered with abundant small papillae. Abdomen with abundant, homogeneously distributed papillae. Body 17 mm long, 6 mm wide (complete paraneotypes 19.5-20.0 mm long, 7-10 mm wide), about 29 segments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Prostomium hemispherical, paler than surrounding areas (Fig. 11C). Peristomium round, without papillae. Mouth oval, covered by papillae, restricted to a circular region around the mouth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">First three chaetigers with 12-14 golden, widely separated, falcate introvert hooks per bundle, each with subdistal dark areas (Fig. 11B, C). Genital papillae lost, eroded from the intersegmental groove between segments 7 and 8.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Pre-shield region with 7 segments, with papillae abundant, evenly distributed. No capillary chaetae seen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ventro-caudal shield with ribs, but no concentric lines; suture restricted to anterior region. Anterior margins rounded; anterior depression shallow; anterior keels not exposed (Fig. 11A, D). Lateral margins gently rounded, expanded posteriorly. Fan truncate, not extended beyond posterior shield corners, with a median notch, crenulated.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Marginal chaetal fascicles include 10 lateral ones (Fig. 11B, D), chaetae ovally arranged and 8 posterior fascicles, chaetae in linear arrangement. Peg chaetae on conical extensions emerging under shield corners. Peg chaetae with stout base in cross section; a small fascicle of delicate capillary chaetae (peg-associated capillary chaetae) between peg chaetae and first fascicle of posterior chaetae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Branchiae numerous, thick, coiled, slender, long, protruding from two oval plates, separated by a wide angle, on either side of the anus. Additional fine, long filamentous papillae extending along the posterior margin of the shield.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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The shield varies from dark reddish to orange (Fig. 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
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) although their relative width varies depending on how heavily contracted the abdomen is, and how this contraction bends the lateral plates dorsally resulting in an apparently narrower looking shield. The main radial rib is very prominent, the fan is crenulated but
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<pageBreakToken pageId="36" pageNumber="37" start="start">it</pageBreakToken>
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may be truncate, barely reaching the posterior corners (Fig. 11E, F), or projected beyond this corners (Fig. 11D, G).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="neotype locality">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Neotype locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Off Isla Altamura, Sinaloa, Gulf of California, 830 m depth.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
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Chamberlin, 1919 was very briefly described and the main distinguishing features were based upon the shield. Judging from the dimensions of the ventro-caudal shield (7 mm long, 15 mm wide), the original specimen must have been very large, but perhaps his specimen was severely damaged and only the shield could be characterized.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">It</pageBreakToken>
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is noteworthy that Chamberlin and Augener (1918, for
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis africana" order="Terebellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="africana">Sternaspis africana</taxonomicName>
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, see above) almost simultaneously based their descriptions on schematic shield illustrations. Both illustrations indicate significant resemblances to the specific shields shape and ornamentations of
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
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. In both species, the shield was illustrated as having no concentric lines; for
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
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, the anterior depression had large keels, the main radial rib is quite distinct, and the fan has a median notch. These features are all present on the neotype such that we are confident we found the same species, and that this species is distinct. Thus, in order to clarify its taxonomic status (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="38">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, Art. 75.3.1), a neotype has been selected, described and its diagnostic features have been illustrated (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="38">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, Art. 75.3.2-75.3.3).
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<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 31" title="Annotated list of the types of polychaetous annelids in the Museum of Comparative Zoology." volume="85" year="1938">Hartman (1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 3) emphasized that many type specimens which were supposedly deposited in Harvard, were not found in the collections and this includes the type materials of
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
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, such that we can conclude there is no type material available (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="38">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, Art. 75.3.4). We regard the neotype as conspecific with the specimen described in the original description (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="38">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, Art. 75.3.5). The original type locality was from the Gulf of California, south of Guaymas, Sonora (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="27.66111">27°39'40"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-111.00833">111°00'30"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 1143 m, and the proposed neotype was collected in a nearby locality, along the eastern Gulf of California coast, and in similar depths to the original material (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="38">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, Art. 75.3.6). The neotype and paraneotypes are deposited in the Marine Benthic Invertebrates Reference Collection of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mazatlán">Mazatlan</normalizedToken>
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Academic Unit, UNAM (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="38">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, Art. 75.3.7).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
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resembles
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
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because both species have shields with round anterior margins, fan projected beyond the level of the posterior corners and with a median notch. The main difference relates to the presence of concentric lines which are barely visible in
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
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and distinct in
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Central part of the Gulf of California,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
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, in soft bottoms at 180-965 m, but the original material was collected at 1143 m.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Figure 11.
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
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Chamberlin, 1919 A Neotype (UNAM 7882), ventral view B Same, lateral view C Same, anterior end, frontal view D Same, ventro-caudal shield E Paraneotype (UNAM Sta. 13), ventro-caudal shield F Paraneotype (UNAM Sta. 13, OH), ventro-caudal shield G Paraneotype (UNAM 7881), ventro-caudal shield.
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis princeps" order="Terebellida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="princeps">Sternaspis princeps</taxonomicName>
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Selenka, 1885, syntypes (NHM 1885.12.3.1) H Larger syntype, median region showing gonopodial lobes I Smaller syntype, ventro-caudal shield, frontal view. Bars: A 1.9 mm B 2 mm C 1 mm D 1.4 mm E 1.3 mm F 1.5 mm G 2.5 mm H, I 1.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |