85 lines
11 KiB
XML
85 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document id="DF7944DFDF243EE49980E035E74FB3A1" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efaaff94-5840-43da-b0f8-960cf6019cf8" ModsDocID="z00287p001" checkinTime="1246633761297" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="James S. Albert & William G. R. Crampton" docDate="2003" docId="478338546535C412604C983A53EBAB98" docLanguage="en" docName="2003_Albert_Crampton_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 287" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:19CA5B52-4CA5-45CC-A4C7-B234596A8470" docTitle="Gymnotus" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="48B8827A5885C5F6BDE72CC2E6AFA433" masterDocTitle="Seven new species of the Neotropical electric fish Gymnotus (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes) with a redescription of G. carapo (Linnaeus)." masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1701313890373" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AFEBAE5DBC2E4A819A242E7A982A2B46">Seven new species of the Neotropical electric fish Gymnotus (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes) with a redescription of G. carapo (Linnaeus).</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2FD05B2C41A55604241D3D75EBF77283" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F48B4FBF0A5826EAD13F4164059A9D7A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="678F640E411186CDA6C931752C6277D1">James S. Albert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="8958C8536F9CCE7D635DBF5BFBE003E0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="52C2DB25C5DC7AC6E9A1C14F07D7F1C5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4EB1027D97ED8DD6A1EB41FF2E424AEB">William G. R. Crampton</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8064EFFC121A0F1107A7BA8AC2096196">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7B69661D7AF5DD51A9AE2E08B55A227E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3EAF304BACA19D4A0E8A747BA4364033">
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<mods:date id="3B6954F4A9ACEC93ECA1CEE4E93E618C">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="17022EC3B993A879A26CB5CD6DE232A7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3135DDCCBCC49DF453B18BC548109B9A">287</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="14A04618736D615B1C9104C5BDDAD453">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:19CA5B52-4CA5-45CC-A4C7-B234596A8470</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C69B4FC9A70359AD92747035FD7FFD06">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CFCEEDE002F97A02F7343E51EB92653C" type="Plazi-Custom">z00287p001</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="478338546535C412604C983A53EBAB98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273854" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122797" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6273854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:478338546535C412604C983A53EBAB98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/478338546535C412604C983A53EBAB98" lastPageNumber="6" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="002560E1151962D32634035BDECDE8F6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C25CE9A6C750FE523FD418F70626CD5B" pageNumber="6">
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Monophyly and Species-Groups of
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<taxonomicName id="B6A76C17CEC6C3D3E986E23E97132623" ID-CoL="4RYJ" ID-ENA="36670" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F927E13-DF20-4313-BF35-89BA8B7DE1CE" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gymnotus</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B899D42212E150465D399E444D0DE8DD" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="95BF74A50DF58447E3C1A1612E5956D6" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="228864F78CEA9E7A06880C211C235D7E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F927E13-DF20-4313-BF35-89BA8B7DE1CE" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gymnotus</taxonomicName>
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is unique among gymnotiform fishes in possessing a superior mouth with a prognathous lower jaw; a thick and fleshy pad of tuberous electroreceptor organs and insulating support tissues overlying the tip of the snout and oral jaws; a pair of dorsally oriented pipe-shaped anterior nares partially or entirely included within the gape; a ventrally curved rictus; a lateral position of the eye on the head, about horizontal with the anterior oral margin; numerous long rami of the posterior lateral line extending ventrally on the caudal portion of the body; and a very long body cavity, with 31-51 precaudal vertebrae (Albert 2001; Albert & Crampton 2001).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8A17948AE517D933E6C866D0EB5B109A" lastPageNumber="7" pageNumber="6">
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Albert & Miller (1995) and Albert (2001) recognize three species-groups within the genus based on color pattern and body proportions, the
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<taxonomicName id="7E0F4195954D0875FF256E929B355B4B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C49F8B13-DE26-4766-BDA0-3B44A5D64C80" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus cylindricus La Monte 1935:2" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindricus">G. cylindricus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="2B4ABFE4871FF544D4CDA1187E6944EF" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantherinus">G. pantherinus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="1894BCA7655373505CFB53DE6C2266D0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
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species-groups. The species composition and geographical range of these groups are summarized in Table 1. The
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<taxonomicName id="54476C69BC906DE91BFD64074DA66FA7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C49F8B13-DE26-4766-BDA0-3B44A5D64C80" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus cylindricus La Monte 1935:2" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindricus">G. cylindricus</taxonomicName>
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species-group is represented by two species endemic to the Atlantic and Pacific drainages of Middle America. The
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<taxonomicName id="95EA500DDB3A695442A2CBC69DA9D1F7" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantherinus">G. pantherinus</taxonomicName>
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species-group is represented by 12 species including those described herein, with distributions from Panama to Paraguay. Members of the
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<taxonomicName id="38BD7DE2A586356B4F26AA61AE5CFA3B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantherinus">G. pantherinus</taxonomicName>
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species-group can be distinguished from those in the other two species-groups by the possession of: a slender body (adult modal BD 6.1-9.0% TL [except
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<taxonomicName id="34399BD3D2BDCE92F6898BC2CB2DA9E1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0698E574-00FB-4293-BC72-050B480BC3A0" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus melanopleura Albert & Crampton 2001:258" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopleura">G. melanopleura</taxonomicName>
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] vs. 9.1-11.7% in all other
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<taxonomicName id="7787F7A048BBAA085B64FC9F8B3E5428" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F927E13-DF20-4313-BF35-89BA8B7DE1CE" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gymnotus</taxonomicName>
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species except
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<taxonomicName id="4CE96A328A9BEA7DD724B838E98799C0" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="henni">G. henni</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AA16F2FE6F993A0DDACAFCA3F7B8404B" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="928C388397284682AC11D2B740C742AE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C72371EB-1F36-4B31-BB09-939C3D801A08" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus esmeraldas Albert & Crampton 2003:30" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esmeraldas">G. esmeraldas</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0D75AD54F3E1CF0040E56793034D735" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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); proximal portion of fifth rib with broad triangular ridge, more than three times width of sixth rib (vs. narrow ridge, less than three times width of sixth rib); dentary hook at mental symphysis composed of paired ventroposterior oriented processes. The
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<taxonomicName id="8BC7C53EE1D0E1A6D4454D321304888C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
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species-group is endemic to South America and is represented by 12 species, including those described herein, with distributions from the Pacific slope of Colombia to the Pampas of Argentina. Members of the
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<taxonomicName id="FCA1EBF77E87A16CB72E960A876ABE8B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
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species-group can be distinguished from those in the other two species-groups by the possession of: a clear or pale patch near the caudal end of the anal fin, most visible in juveniles and subadults (60-150 mm); two (vs. one) laterosensory pores in the dorso-posterior portion of preopercle, in the preopercular-mandibular canal. The classification of
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<taxonomicName id="CB3D22F035A5391FD134423B702753D9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F927E13-DF20-4313-BF35-89BA8B7DE1CE" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gymnotus</taxonomicName>
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into three species groups is used as a basis for diagnosing the new species described herein.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |