738 lines
80 KiB
XML
738 lines
80 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74c6bbe7-c9cc-468d-904e-61408ceff72e" ID-PMC="PMC6586674" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-855-109" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F460A02DFFD1FB56FFF2FF94FFB2FFAC" ID-PubMed="31244545" ID-ZBK="F5A7AE8B38834CFD859FB2F3F9A079C0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3251190" ID-ZooBank="F5A7AE8B38834CFD859FB2F3F9A079C0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-855-109" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 855" ModsDocTitle="Three additional new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from the Guiana and Brazilian Shield regions of South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)" checkinTime="1560464664927" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Giron, Jennifer C. & Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2019" docId="43F651D6F22DCEE79CC1C8646EB153FF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 855: 109-154" docOrigin="ZooKeys 855" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013" docTitle="Primocerus Girón & Short 2019, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0EA5176F-B2BB-4E50-8799-C93F09B412B6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="F460A02DFFD1FB56FFF2FF94FFB2FFAC" lastPageNumber="137" masterDocId="F460A02DFFD1FB56FFF2FF94FFB2FFAC" masterDocTitle="Three additional new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from the Guiana and Brazilian Shield regions of South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="154" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="129" updateTime="1668167389482" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Three additional new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from the Guiana and Brazilian Shield regions of South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Giron, Jennifer C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">entiminae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>855</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>109</mods:start>
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<mods:end>154</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-855-109</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F5A7AE8B38834CFD859FB2F3F9A079C0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F460A02DFFD1FB56FFF2FF94FFB2FFAC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3251190</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158217533" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0EA5176F-B2BB-4E50-8799-C93F09B412B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/43F651D6F22DCEE79CC1C8646EB153FF" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="129" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="129">
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<taxonomicName LSID="43F651D6-F22D-CEE7-9CC1-C8646EB153FF" authority="Girón & Short, 2019" authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Primocerus</taxonomicName>
|
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="20" pageNumber="129">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus cuspidis: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus neutrum: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310068" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">, 11</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus maipure: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus pijiguaense: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">, 12</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-C Primocerus petilus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F Primocerus striatolatus: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. G-I Primocerus semipubescens: G dorsal view H lateral view I ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310070" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">, 13</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Thorax, abdomen and aedeagus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus neutrum: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing transverse ridge) B posterior view of metafurca C fifth abdominal ventrite D aedeagus. E-L aedeagus: E, F Primocerus maipure: E dorsal view F lateral view. G, H Primocerus pijiguaense: G dorsal view H lateral view I Primocerus gigas J Primocerus petilus K Primocerus striatolatus L Primocerus cuspidis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310071" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution of Primocerus spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310072" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">, 15</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitat of Primocerus spp. A habitat and type locality for P. cuspidis, Venezuela, Tobogan de la Selva, collecting event AS- 08 - 080 b B habitat and type locality for P. pijiguaense, Venezuela, Los Pijiguaos, collecting event AS- 07 - 015 C habitat and type locality for P. neutrum, Venezuela, along La Escalera, collecting event AS- 08 - 058 D habitat and type locality for P. petilus, Brazil, Vale do Paraiso, collecting event BR 18 - 0203 - 01 G." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310073" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">, 16</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="130" type="type species">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="130" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus neutrum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neutrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus neutrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
Small to medium sized beetles (2.4-4.9 mm), elongate oval in dorsal view, moderate to strongly convex in lateral view (e.g., Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus cuspidis: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus neutrum: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310068" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">11F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus maipure: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus pijiguaense: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">12B</figureCitation>
|
||
), brown, dark brown, reddish brown, or rather orange. Antennae with eight antennomeres (e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">10G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxillary palps short to moderately long (e.g., shorter to nearly as long as the width of the head; e.g., Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">10H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus maipure: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus pijiguaense: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">12H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytra with sutural striae; elytral punctures from shallow to sharply marked (e.g., Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus cuspidis: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus neutrum: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310068" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">11E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus maipure: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus pijiguaense: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">12E</figureCitation>
|
||
); serial punctures, ground punctures and systematic punctures similar in size and degree of impression throughout elytra; all punctures seemingly arranged in rows, sometimes evidently so. Prosternum flat to mesally only slightly produced. Posterior elevation of mesoventrite with a curved transverse ridge, rather sharp and low (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Thorax, abdomen and aedeagus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus neutrum: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing transverse ridge) B posterior view of metafurca C fifth abdominal ventrite D aedeagus. E-L aedeagus: E, F Primocerus maipure: E dorsal view F lateral view. G, H Primocerus pijiguaense: G dorsal view H lateral view I Primocerus gigas J Primocerus petilus K Primocerus striatolatus L Primocerus cuspidis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310071" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">14A</figureCitation>
|
||
), except in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cuspidis" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" rank="species" species="cuspidis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">P. cuspidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which bears a sharp, pyramidal (triangular) projection. Posteromesal glabrous patch on metaventrite nearly as wide as long. Pubescence on anterior surface of metafemora ranging from sparse to densely covering basal three fourths of the femur (e.g., Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus maipure: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus pijiguaense: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">12C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">10G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus cuspidis: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus neutrum: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310068" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">11G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fifth abdominal ventrite apically rounded, truncate or slightly emarginate, usually with stout setae (e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Thorax, abdomen and aedeagus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus neutrum: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing transverse ridge) B posterior view of metafurca C fifth abdominal ventrite D aedeagus. E-L aedeagus: E, F Primocerus maipure: E dorsal view F lateral view. G, H Primocerus pijiguaense: G dorsal view H lateral view I Primocerus gigas J Primocerus petilus K Primocerus striatolatus L Primocerus cuspidis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310071" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">14C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basal piece of aedeagus as long as or longer than parameres; median lobe triangular, nearly as wide at base as basal width of one paramere, with apical projection (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Thorax, abdomen and aedeagus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus neutrum: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing transverse ridge) B posterior view of metafurca C fifth abdominal ventrite D aedeagus. E-L aedeagus: E, F Primocerus maipure: E dorsal view F lateral view. G, H Primocerus pijiguaense: G dorsal view H lateral view I Primocerus gigas J Primocerus petilus K Primocerus striatolatus L Primocerus cuspidis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310071" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–L">D-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); gonopore absent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Thorax, abdomen and aedeagus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus neutrum: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing transverse ridge) B posterior view of metafurca C fifth abdominal ventrite D aedeagus. E-L aedeagus: E, F Primocerus maipure: E dorsal view F lateral view. G, H Primocerus pijiguaense: G dorsal view H lateral view I Primocerus gigas J Primocerus petilus K Primocerus striatolatus L Primocerus cuspidis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310071" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
14
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–L">D-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3251381" doi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus ocellatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">D</emphasis>
|
||
head, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus gigas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">E</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">F</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">G</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">H</emphasis>
|
||
head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3251383" doi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310068" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus cuspidis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus cuspidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">D</emphasis>
|
||
head, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus neutrum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neutrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus neutrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">E</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">F</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">G</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">H</emphasis>
|
||
head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3251385" doi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus maipure" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maipure">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus maipure</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">D</emphasis>
|
||
head, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus pijiguaense" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pijiguaense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus pijiguaense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">E</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">F</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">G</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">H</emphasis>
|
||
head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3251387" doi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310070" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus petilus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petilus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus petilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus striatolatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus striatolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">D</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">E</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">F</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus semipubescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semipubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus semipubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">G</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">H</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">I</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3251389" doi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310071" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Thorax, abdomen and aedeagus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus neutrum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neutrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus neutrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">A</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing transverse ridge)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">B</emphasis>
|
||
posterior view of metafurca
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">C</emphasis>
|
||
fifth abdominal ventrite
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">D</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–L">E-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus maipure" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maipure">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus maipure</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">E</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">F</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">G, H</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus pijiguaense" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pijiguaense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus pijiguaense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">G</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">H</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">I</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus gigas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">J</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus petilus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petilus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus petilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">K</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus striatolatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus striatolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">L</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus cuspidis." order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidis.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus cuspidis.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Scale bars: 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
|
||
At first sight, the dorsally smoother members of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus cuspidis: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus neutrum: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310068" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">11</figureCitation>
|
||
) can be mistaken for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, given that both genera exhibit sutural striae. The presence of a transverse curved ridge (sometimes very low) on the posterior elevation of the mesoventrite distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the mesoventrite is either flat, broadly elevated or with a longitudinal elevation (e.g., figs 2, 4 in Clarkson and Ferreira 2014). In addition, the maxillary palps of most
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="131" start="start">nearly</pageBreakToken>
|
||
1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than the maximum width of the head, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="131">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the maxillary palps are nearly as long as the width of the head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="22" pageNumber="131">
|
||
Punctate members of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="131">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in particular
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. maipure" pageId="22" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="maipure">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="131">P. maipure</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pijiguaense" pageId="22" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="pijiguaense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="131">P. pijiguaense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus maipure: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus pijiguaense: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="22" pageNumber="131">12</figureCitation>
|
||
) may resemble some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Short & Garcia" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Tobochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tobochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="131">Tobochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. canthus" pageId="22" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="canthus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="131">T. canthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pallidus" pageId="22" pageNumber="131" rank="species" species="pallidus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="131">T. pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Kohenberg
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="132" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Short 2017); striate
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="132">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may resemble a very small
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Radicitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radicitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="132">Radicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3835.2.5" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="41" pageNumber="150" pagination="251 - 262" refId="B13" refString="Short, AEZ, Garcia, M, 2014. A new genus of egg case-carrying water scavenger beetle from the Guiana Shield (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae). Zootaxa 3835 (2): 251 - 262, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3835.2.5" title="A new genus of egg case-carrying water scavenger beetle from the Guiana Shield (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3835.2.5" volume="3835" year="2014">
|
||
Short and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In those cases,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="132">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily recognized by the presence of sutural striae. Some
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="132">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also superficially resemble certain New World cylomine genera, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spangler" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Andotypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andotypus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="132">Andotypus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fikáček">Fikacek</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2014), from which it may be distinguished by the fully exposed labrum of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="132">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="23" pageNumber="132">
|
||
In addition, the presence of sutural striae and the relative size of the basal piece of the aedeagus resemble some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.G. Thomson" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enochrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="132">Enochrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Short & Fikacek" authorityYear="2013" lsidName="" pageId="23" pageNumber="132" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Enochrinae">Enochrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in that the basal piece is as long as or longer than the median lobe + parameres (e.g. see figs 11 and 14 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2006)132[279:TNSOET]2.0.CO;2" author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics & Evolution" pageId="40" pageNumber="149" refId="B7" refString="Fernandez, LA, 2006. Two new species of Enochrus Thomson (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Neotropical Region. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 132(3): 279-284. https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2006)132[279:TNSOET]2.0.CO;2" title="Two new species of Enochrus Thomson (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from the Neotropical Region. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 132 (3): 279 - 284." url="https://doi.org/10.3157/0002-8320(2006)132[279:TNSOET]2.0.CO;2" year="2006">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="133" start="start">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
</pageBreakToken>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The maxillary palps curved inwards in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as opposed to zig-zag-like as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.G. Thomson" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enochrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">Enochrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) allows for its recognition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="133">
|
||
The aedeagus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is so far unique among the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zaitzev" baseAuthorityYear="1908" lsidName="" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acidocerinae">Acidocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the lack of a well-developed gonopore, and the presence of a lightly sclerotized projection beyond the apex of the median lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="133">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Small to medium sized beetles, total body length 2.4-4.9 mm; body elongate oval, moderate to strongly convex in lateral view (e.g., Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus cuspidis: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus neutrum: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310068" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">11F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus maipure: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus pijiguaense: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">12B</figureCitation>
|
||
); orange brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus cuspidis: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus neutrum: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310068" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">
|
||
11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), reddish brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">
|
||
10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), to dark brown in coloration (e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-C Primocerus petilus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F Primocerus striatolatus: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. G-I Primocerus semipubescens: G dorsal view H lateral view I ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310070" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">13</figureCitation>
|
||
), usually uniform along body regions, sometimes slightly paler along margins, pronotum, ventral surfaces, and appendages, particularly maxillary palps and tarsi.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Frons and clypeus with either shallow (e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">10D</figureCitation>
|
||
) or sharply marked (e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus maipure: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus pijiguaense: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">12D</figureCitation>
|
||
) ground punctures, irregularly and rather densely distributed over the surface, accompanied by scattered seta-bearing systematic punctures, particularly noticeable along anterior and inner margins of eyes, and lateral areas of clypeus; surface between punctures smooth and shiny. Clypeus roughly trapezoid, with posterior margin wider than anterior margin; anterior corners roundly angulated, anterior margin widely roundly emarginate; membranous preclypeal area not visible (visible in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; e.g., fig. 28 in Clarkson and Ferreira 2014); surface mesally moderately convex, laterally flattened to slightly concave (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus maipure: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus pijiguaense: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">12D, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eyes subquadrate in dorsal view, usually protruding from outer outline of head. Labrum wide, fully exposed, collinear to perpendicular to clypeus, and usually around 0.3 times as long as clypeus (e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">10D</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal surface flat to convex, with scattered fine punctures; anterior margin markedly roundly bent inwards, mesally emarginate, with tiny denticles along emargination, and setae on lateral areas of anterior margin. Temporae densely covered by very short and fine setae (hydrofuge pubescence). Mentum parallel sided, often with lateral margins densely fringed by short setae; surface rather flat, smooth, and glabrous, sometimes with lateral oblique longitudinal ridges, and few crenulations; anterior margin with wide, deep, concave median impression, sometimes marked by a transverse carina. Submentum sunken, concave, and pubescent at base, glabrous, shiny, flat and ascending at apex; ocular ridge of variable development. Maxilla (e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">10G</figureCitation>
|
||
) with ventral surface of cardo and stipes smooth, shiny, and glabrous; outer dorsal margin of palpifer with a row of stiff, decumbent, spiniform setae; limit between cardo and stipes oblique; maxillary palps curved inward, brown to orange or yellow, longer than antennae, short to moderately long (e.g., shorter to nearly as long as the width of the head; e.g., Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">10H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus maipure: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus pijiguaense: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">12H</figureCitation>
|
||
); maxillary palpomere 1 gradually broadening towards apex, with inner margin straight and outer margin apically convex; apex of palpomere 3 bearing sensilla; palpomeres 1 and 3 similar in length, palpomere 2 only slightly shorter. Mandibles with apex bifid (observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. gigas" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">P. gigas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pijiguaense" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="pijiguaense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">P. pijiguaense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. striatolatus" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="striatolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">P. striatolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. petilus" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="petilus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">P. petilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus maipure: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus pijiguaense: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">12H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labial palps yellowish to brown, usually nearly as long as mentum, dorsoventrally flattened; palpomere 2 with outer margin convex apicad of midpoint, sometimes with setae near apex; palpomere 3 digitiform to somewhat kidney-shaped, with one or two long subapical setae on outer margin. Antennae (e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="24" pageNumber="133">10G</figureCitation>
|
||
) with eight antennomeres, slightly paler than general coloration of head; antennomere 1 an
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="134" start="start">teriorly</pageBreakToken>
|
||
projected near base, at most reaching midpoint of ventral surface of eye, reaching to surpassing cardo-stipes joint, nearly 2.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than antennomere 2; antennomere 2 nearly as long as antennomeres 3-4 combined; antennomere 5 forming a well differentiated, symmetric cupule; antennomeres 6-8 slightly flattened, forming a loosely articulated, pubescent club (antennomere 7 shortest, 8 longest); apex of antennomere 8 with longer setae than general pubescence of club.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="134">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum widest
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="135" start="start">at</pageBreakToken>
|
||
base, narrowed anteriorly, surface evenly convex; anterior and posterior corners widely rounded, sometimes posterior corners almost forming a sharp straight angle (e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">10G</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior and posterior margins nearly straight; ground punctation either shallow or sharp, uniformly dense, with surface between punctures smooth and shiny; seta-bearing systematic punctures forming paired anterolateral semicircles. Scutellar shield of moderate size, triangular, nearly as long as wide, with punctation as in pronotum. Prosternum nearly as long as 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the length of a procoxa; anterior margin of prosternum mesally projected as a wide triangle, apically either acute or rounded (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ocellatus" pageId="26" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">P. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); surface of prosternum flat to only weakly broadly convex, covered by scattered, fine, rather long setae; intercoxal process projected from posterior margin of procoxal cavities, rectangular in outline, mesally longitudinally carinate. Mesoventrite (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Thorax, abdomen and aedeagus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus neutrum: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing transverse ridge) B posterior view of metafurca C fifth abdominal ventrite D aedeagus. E-L aedeagus: E, F Primocerus maipure: E dorsal view F lateral view. G, H Primocerus pijiguaense: G dorsal view H lateral view I Primocerus gigas J Primocerus petilus K Primocerus striatolatus L Primocerus cuspidis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310071" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">14A</figureCitation>
|
||
) not fused to mesepisterna, with anterior margin nearly 0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as anterior margin of mesepisternum; anterior rib of mesoventrite bearing paired medial teardrop-shaped, pearlescent maculae; posterior elevation of mesoventrite with a transverse curved ridge, rather sharp and low, reduced in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. maipure" pageId="26" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="maipure">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">P. maipure</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pijiguaense" pageId="26" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="pijiguaense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">P. pijiguaense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ocellatus" pageId="26" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">P. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a sharp, pyramidal (triangular) spine-like projection in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cuspidis" pageId="26" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="cuspidis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">P. cuspidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus cuspidis: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus neutrum: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310068" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
); surface of mesoventrite reticulated for the most part, covered by scattered, fine and rather long setae, with anteromedial depression, and posterolateral smooth and glabrous areas; mesepisternum obliquely widely concave, with reticulated surface; mesepimeron trapezoid, with reticulate and pubescent surface. Mesofurca (examined in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neutrum" pageId="26" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="neutrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">P. neutrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with short arms, 0.75
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of mesocoxae; apical half of arms free, explanate at apex, somewhat square. Metaventrite mesally widely elevated, rather wide throughout and flat posteromesally; surface densely pubescent, except for posteromesal nearly as wide as long glabrous patch, and soemtimes postero-lateral areas (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">10G</figureCitation>
|
||
; except in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ocellatus" pageId="26" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">P. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus ocellatus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus gigas: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310067" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">10D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metepisterna 3-4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, narrowing only at posterior end. Metepimeron clearly visible, triangular. Metafurca (examined in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neutrum" pageId="26" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="neutrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">P. neutrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Thorax, abdomen and aedeagus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus neutrum: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing transverse ridge) B posterior view of metafurca C fifth abdominal ventrite D aedeagus. E-L aedeagus: E, F Primocerus maipure: E dorsal view F lateral view. G, H Primocerus pijiguaense: G dorsal view H lateral view I Primocerus gigas J Primocerus petilus K Primocerus striatolatus L Primocerus cuspidis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310071" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">14B</figureCitation>
|
||
) 1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than long, with furcal arms slightly shorter than stalk; stalk triangular (wider near the crux, gradually narrowing ventrally), with paired longitudinal keels extending along basal third of posterior face, fusing together towards crux, with a well-developed median keel on anterior face extending to anterior margin of dorsal sheets; outer margins of stalk gradually diverging from base towards basal third of furcal arms; furcal arms somewhat parallelogram-shaped, with apex (hemiductus) only slightly explanate, with apex pointing obliquely; anterior tendons inserted basad of mid length of dorsal edge of furcal arms; well-developed dorsal sheaths, narrower than widest point of lateral sheaths.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">Elytra.</emphasis>
|
||
Surface even (without elevations or depressions), with sutural striae; ground punctures and systematic punctures either shallow or sharply marked (e.g., Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus cuspidis: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus neutrum: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310068" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">11E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus maipure: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus pijiguaense: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">12E</figureCitation>
|
||
), similar in size and degree of impression throughout elytra, seemingly arranged in rows; serial punctures, when present (e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-C Primocerus petilus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F Primocerus striatolatus: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. G-I Primocerus semipubescens: G dorsal view H lateral view I ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310070" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">13A, D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
), larger and deeper than ground punctures, and clearly arranged in longitudinal rows (striae); serial punctures only very slightly impressed into grooves along posterior half of elytra in striate species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. petilus" pageId="26" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="petilus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">P. petilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. striatolatus" pageId="26" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="striatolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">P. striatolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. semipubescens" pageId="26" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="semipubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">P. semipubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-C Primocerus petilus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view. D-F Primocerus striatolatus: D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. G-I Primocerus semipubescens: G dorsal view H lateral view I ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310070" pageId="26" pageNumber="135">13</figureCitation>
|
||
); seta-bearing systematic punctures rather scarce; elytral outer margins flared, usually along entire length. Epipleura usually well developed, surface either flat or oblique,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="136" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
|
||
sparse setae and irregular sculpture, anteriorly wide, gradually narrowing posteriorly, extending up to midlength of first abdominal ventrite; inner margin of epipleura only slightly indented at anterior outer corner of metepisternum; pseudepipleura usually well developed and perpendicularly positioned, ranging in width from nearly as wide as anterior portion of epipleura, to half as wide, extending up to basal half of abdomen along outer margin of elytra. Hind wings well developed.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
Pubescence on anterior surface of metafemora ranging from scarce and limited to anterior margin (e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus maipure: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus pijiguaense: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310069" pageId="27" pageNumber="136">12C</figureCitation>
|
||
), to densely covering most surface up to apical fifth (e.g., Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus cuspidis: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head, dorsal view. E-H Primocerus neutrum: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310068" pageId="27" pageNumber="136">11G</figureCitation>
|
||
); glabrous area of metafemur with shiny and sometimes slightly reticulated surface; all femora antero-posteriorly flattened; metafemora usually with sharply marked tibial grooves. Tibiae slender, rather cylindrical; longitudinal rows of well-developed spines along pro-, meso- and metatibiae, composed of rather sharp and stout spines, slightly sparser along metatibiae; protibiae with a median longitudinal row of rather long and thick setae along anterior surface; protibial apical spurs large, extending beyond apex of protarsomere 2, sometimes reaching apex of protarsomere 3. All tarsi with five tar
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="137" start="start">someres</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, bearing long apical hair-like setae on dorsal face, and spine-like or hair-like setae on ventral face of tarsomeres 2-4, sometimes also tarsomere 5; pro- and mesotarsomeres 1-4 similar in size and shape; pro- and mesotarsomere 5 approximately as long as 3-4 combined; metatarsomere 2 similar in length to metatarsomere 5; claws rather large, curved; well-developed empodium, bearing a pair of long, curved apical setae.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdomen with five ventrites, rather flat to medially convex; all ventrites with uniform, dense, fine pubescence; posterior margin of fifth ventrite either rounded, truncate, or slightly emarginate, usually fringed with spine-like setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Thorax, abdomen and aedeagus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus neutrum: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing transverse ridge) B posterior view of metafurca C fifth abdominal ventrite D aedeagus. E-L aedeagus: E, F Primocerus maipure: E dorsal view F lateral view. G, H Primocerus pijiguaense: G dorsal view H lateral view I Primocerus gigas J Primocerus petilus K Primocerus striatolatus L Primocerus cuspidis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310071" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">14C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aedeagus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Thorax, abdomen and aedeagus of Primocerus spp.: A-D Primocerus neutrum: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing transverse ridge) B posterior view of metafurca C fifth abdominal ventrite D aedeagus. E-L aedeagus: E, F Primocerus maipure: E dorsal view F lateral view. G, H Primocerus pijiguaense: G dorsal view H lateral view I Primocerus gigas J Primocerus petilus K Primocerus striatolatus L Primocerus cuspidis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310071" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">
|
||
14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–L">D-L</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) with basal piece as long or longer than parameres; median lobe triangular, with base nearly as wide as base of a paramere, with well-developed lateral basal apodemes; apex of median lobe variable, with a membranous to lightly sclerotized apical projection; gonopore not differentiated; parameres nearly as long as median lobe, with outer margins usually straight along basal 3/4, with setae at apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="137" type="larvae">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="137">Larvae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="137">The immature stages are unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="137" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="137">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="137">
|
||
Named from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">primus</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning first, with the ending -
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">cerus</emphasis>
|
||
, in reference to the belonging of the genus to the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zaitzev" baseAuthorityYear="1908" lsidName="" pageId="28" pageNumber="137" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acidocerinae">Acidocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. To be treated as masculine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="137">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="137">
|
||
Broadly distributed across the Guiana Shield region of South America, including Brazil (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
), Guyana, Suriname and southern Venezuela (Amazonas,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution of Primocerus spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310072" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">15</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3251391" doi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310072" pageId="28" pageNumber="137" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="137" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="137">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="137">
|
||
The habitats occupied by members of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
range from forested pools to seepages (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitat of Primocerus spp. A habitat and type locality for P. cuspidis, Venezuela, Tobogan de la Selva, collecting event AS- 08 - 080 b B habitat and type locality for P. pijiguaense, Venezuela, Los Pijiguaos, collecting event AS- 07 - 015 C habitat and type locality for P. neutrum, Venezuela, along La Escalera, collecting event AS- 08 - 058 D habitat and type locality for P. petilus, Brazil, Vale do Paraiso, collecting event BR 18 - 0203 - 01 G." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310073" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">16</figureCitation>
|
||
), in an elevational range from 80 to 1950 m. Only one specimen has been collected with a flight intercept trap. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are relatively rare, given that so far have only been found in low numbers of specimens per collecting event.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3251393" doi="10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310073" pageId="28" pageNumber="137" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitat and type locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cuspidis" pageId="28" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="cuspidis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">P. cuspidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Venezuela,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tobogán">Tobogan</normalizedToken>
|
||
de la Selva, collecting event AS-08-080b
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">B</emphasis>
|
||
habitat and type locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pijiguaense" pageId="28" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="pijiguaense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">P. pijiguaense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Venezuela, Los Pijiguaos, collecting event AS-07-015
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">C</emphasis>
|
||
habitat and type locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. neutrum" pageId="28" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="neutrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">P. neutrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Venezuela, along La Escalera, collecting event AS-08-058
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">D</emphasis>
|
||
habitat and type locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. petilus" pageId="28" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="petilus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="137">P. petilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Brazil, Vale do Paraiso, collecting event BR18-0203-01G.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |