579 lines
77 KiB
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579 lines
77 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1195-219" ID-Pensoft-UUID="83AE84C696415A80807881D556334D38" ID-ZooBank="D1D346D3EFB248F9B729DDA31A6E8270" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1195-219" checkinTime="1710711744790" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Marusik, Yuri M. & Eskov, Kirill Y." docDate="2024" docId="43AEB09C81D353C59AB04B7CAA3F59F0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1195: 219-238" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1195" docPubDate="2024-03-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632" docTitle="Knoflachia Marusik & Eskov 2024, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="B5704C12-015F-4408-A670-CE9CB44CA6CB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="83AE84C696415A80807881D556334D38" lastPageNumber="219" masterDocId="83AE84C696415A80807881D556334D38" masterDocTitle="A new monotypic genus of cobweb spiders from the Russian Far East (Araneae, Theridiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="238" masterPageNumber="219" pageNumber="219" updateTime="1710711744790" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods id="836EA0CC02A5AF487EA2248DF0950C72" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="62B8C86F66C4783C6D2E0779A8BE2798">
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<mods:title id="D1F8D7D0A411919E4809975FB4ED5927">A new monotypic genus of cobweb spiders from the Russian Far East (Araneae, Theridiidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="30EFA7321F426D8C6EB06FEB9DC78A17" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AA7F957D2395307F8B121AA4336C917C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9BB53D1B3C3949383AB5CF38EC82829D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="301FA9D4C8F6BE49C1A2AF5DDD21C6B3">Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7FA86DF6A31114D53F072FC23F0E3E05" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-5148</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="EBB7AD589A80C66D20DC5BBE6C279A73">Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Str., 18, Magadan, 68500, Russia & Altai State University, Lenina Pr., 61, Barnaul, RF- 656049, Russia & Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D249B515AEE4563640E6E5B5BAF8A3A5" type="email">yurmar@utu.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="EF3CFF072AF337A12AF7825DE4D11B64" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B7DF7A9DF45EAA009923B1F17F0C37E7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1DFFE7C83C4A0B6FD798868548CF8F4B">Eskov, Kirill Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2C11801B64F2A205CA7F1689ECFA97F9" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7953-0746</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A322B673C9CF373E83B51D2995BC888">Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str., 123, Moscow, 117647, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="524A258902C7D171252CF556B3B7EF38">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="9DB8AC074B93970F166BDBE98B591805">
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<mods:title id="D6358F58370DBA5009C0D4174A54AC87">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="EDB09120355A3E649ED46C01FB2388D9">
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<mods:date id="720E64FD2148A04E1372893BF9CD3010">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9CFED5567510C03997A3ECD5A6EBF4AD" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="3720D4D88A83160536E85DB8D305DB15">2024-03-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="3E065105F02B050F1E0F0AEB02B52792" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="37D6A088AAD8435BBC119BA52F9F6C1C">1195</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8762A3B9423F72D9813EE488D9E35D15">219</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="88D12600C3658136F69174CF8BBC64A6">
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<mods:url id="6F2573110C2592EBB00C97EE8E3E2BD3">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="686EAA8622F68A4614FF7D526567271F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F1B00941468C86EFA742ACA3C3314DA2" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FC7F366F505DF4565DEB1BD4B0D9480C" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1195-219</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="43AEB09C81D353C59AB04B7CAA3F59F0" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B5704C12-015F-4408-A670-CE9CB44CA6CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/43AEB09C81D353C59AB04B7CAA3F59F0" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
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<subSubSection id="85C83B979F660CB944E24072BEBACA4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="A546B4363B9C86EAD31DE192D0C1ED56" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
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<taxonomicName id="56E0C899AE50F87A42B9F0B293F94B51" LSID="https://zoobank.org/B5704C12-015F-4408-A670-CE9CB44CA6CB" authority="Marusik & Eskov, 2024" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Knoflachia</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C18208B375FFCACCA788DEDB4EE40938" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E8B652E035ECE24A0CFB1415F8E81511" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E7DD55D1EA1481682B9AE6B8F5B13009" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="505EC6DA280F01F25FFF7F11D4106941" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Named after Barbara Knoflach (Innsbruck, Austria), an outstanding expert in theridiid taxonomy. Gender is feminine.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="04C21D862180C78C8AFFF641BBD3CCA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="type species">
|
||
<paragraph id="447FEADDD07A5E93254B9ED526BF7F3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="565835CD2DE83E927FEFE3D8AFDCE9FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4492230AC4F4636F62498604E68EB579" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D38148BE25A498E7128616CC6173C41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Knoflachia kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8FB50C4EE51755C45165909EE35AEA3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="19733B16BB3EE7C54B432403E4F38D15" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Diagnosis</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08AC3AAA89900AFB96035B5E441AA1E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="44FF32AFCD100522FC322C8435D25FA7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">(comparison of the generotype).</emphasis>
|
||
The new genus is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6BACDB8AEFCF15A01A40D0D6E4A7806" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1891" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Anelosimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anelosimus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1BCF35244251AB168659F41015D241DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Anelosimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Simon, 1891 in both copulatory organ characters (cymbial mesial margin with an incision; conductor with a groove for a distal portion of the spiral embolus) and somatic characters (male leg I extremely elongated, femur longer than carapace). It differs from the latter by: 1) carapace uniformly orange, abdomen uniformly black (vs carapace pale coloured with dark medial strip, abdomen with characteristic leaf-shaped pattern); 2) carapace cuticle rugose (vs smooth); 3) fovea transversal (vs rounded); 4) pars cephalica mildly sloping (vs not elevated, flat); 5) eye area not projected (vs projected); 6) male prosomal stridulatory ridges (PSR) separated into two patches (vs continuous); 7) female PSR absent (vs weak); 8) sternum equilateral triangle (vs elongated orthogonal); 9) labium fused with sternum (vs separated by distinct seam); 10) bristles of the tarsus IV comb flattened and straight (vs conical and hooked); 11) tarsus IV central claw subequal to laterals in length, thickness and shape (vs elongated, thin and S-shaped); 12) tarsal organ clearly proximal: 0.33-035 (vs slightly distal: 0.55-0.60 to slightly proximal: 0.45); 13) abdominal stridulatory pick row (SPR) setal bases strongly elongated, keeled in male, and dome-like in female (vs moderately elongated and rounded in both sexes); 14) male palpal tibia spoon-like, extremely enlarged, covers more than a half of the bulb (vs cyathiform, usual for theridiids); 15) male palpal tibia with only 2 retrolateral trichobothria (vs 2 retrolateral and 1 prolateral trichobothria); 16) cymbial mesial margin incision fold-like (vs semicircular notch); 17) the tegular apophysis (Ta) is a curved spine (vs not pointed); 18) conductor semimembraneous, its groove forming a sheath for a distal portion of the embolus (vs not membranous, its grove for embolus more shallow); 19) tip of embolus unmodified (vs. modified); 20) epigynal plate smooth (vs ridged); 20) copulatory openings located in two foveae separated by a septum (vs. foveae and septum absent); 21) each fovea with a spiral ridge (epigynal plate with transverse ridges); 22) copulatory ducts (Cd) coiled (vs. not coiled); and 23) receptacles dumbbell-shaped located inside loops of copulatory ducts (vs. oval, not surrounded by copulatory ducts).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="64E7654488DB9F0B7F88AC0BE48C7170" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="059A0269CAC7BDE362000D1D1FCEFE0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="56E66783EF73D41DD6F0565554C6B1CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
Small (1.8-2.85) brightly coloured (orange and black) with unmodified carapace and abdomen in both sexes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="92E2FDE80C36D451DA83A2181F7B4B63" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General appearance of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A, B female C, F male A, F dorsal B-D lateral E ventral C, D showing the size difference of males. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D, F); 0.2 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003186" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1A-F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and modified leg I in male (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="DA7FF29F5779757CB5171D8644A79C12" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General appearance of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A, B female C, F male A, F dorsal B-D lateral E ventral C, D showing the size difference of males. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D, F); 0.2 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003186" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="A96632E6B49AA4CE026BF53BC338FC51" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic characters of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A part of male tibia I, showing modified ventral seta B whole male leg I C male prosoma, dorsal D posterior part of the female abdomen, ventral, cellular setae indistinct. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003187" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="48FD4CCBFFC6280895042DF637A9E7BF" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003186" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph id="FCFD28E3827D77BC2F79BFDE8C1451AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="852017244AD375935A0482A0B813143F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
General appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6AE2466C736D2D4A0455A7F73CE69857" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8CE20E0DEF2A41AB6795D3455E7DC6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Knoflachia kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="BCDE832A32AB121147900D5542E188D4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
female
|
||
<emphasis id="6CB41A31DEFBFDE0EA579FA2657846BE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C, F</emphasis>
|
||
male
|
||
<emphasis id="B1901C71AC1D5D4AE8CF2CB20F107F0C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A, F</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="4A5B6E985CDB222C7E28812971E145E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B-D</emphasis>
|
||
lateral
|
||
<emphasis id="AD231F3C9FFF1465A85B66A3F8A9282D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">E</emphasis>
|
||
ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="992546103C32F23D1E0E2010871E7DD3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E42ABEE502000DCE725A502378231BEE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
showing the size difference of males. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="CDB0E01921150E5680B890925F8F5972" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A-D, F</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="1BCAEC3F392EB68F88806508C48BF7D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">E</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C240A5DD7364C0E5EA384C2DF0548BD7" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003187" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="26D467096254D36B14B8E109E0CEA746" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="A235EC9000F944BBBB4C4C71C438602D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Somatic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76A7D98DCBC7E45F12435068B6A9E747" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="76BB2721EA29D9344D5AA28A1ADF8F6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Knoflachia kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="DDAFD7AA4D3E7A87EFB6DB78CC5B0D46" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
part of male tibia I, showing modified ventral seta
|
||
<emphasis id="D3280ED19600149C4443AA862682974E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
whole male leg I
|
||
<emphasis id="2491B7BFAB2749299550C1231626E86F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
male prosoma, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="89F2CC8E821DA4CFB9C5749645B58CE7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
posterior part of the female abdomen, ventral, cellular setae indistinct. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D4C468A1CBED7A83E8C73A1A859ABEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4D9F321BE6A2BD5E1EC33AF096E49D6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Carapace</emphasis>
|
||
- rounded, almost as wide as long, moderately high, pars cephalica slightly elevated, clypeus vertical; fovea shallow, transversal (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="9E884481D2B1450DBB52CE108654390D" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic characters of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A part of male tibia I, showing modified ventral seta B whole male leg I C male prosoma, dorsal D posterior part of the female abdomen, ventral, cellular setae indistinct. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003187" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DF41E46CC1ABE70B06B67C830C2140BB" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosoma of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A male carapace and legs, lateral view B female sternum C female carapace, dorsal view D lateral margin of male carapace E female labium F cheliceral promargin of female (note fused setal socket adjacent to fang base)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003188" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">3A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); 8 medium-sized eyes, AME same as others (ca 1/3 of clypeus height), lateral eyes adjacent, eye area not projected (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="5B96E5301C536E8DD10E1292624AD722" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic characters of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A part of male tibia I, showing modified ventral seta B whole male leg I C male prosoma, dorsal D posterior part of the female abdomen, ventral, cellular setae indistinct. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003187" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F606A4CE49F5664710FB949FA1307CEA" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosoma of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A male carapace and legs, lateral view B female sternum C female carapace, dorsal view D lateral margin of male carapace E female labium F cheliceral promargin of female (note fused setal socket adjacent to fang base)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003188" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); carapace pars stridens consist of two separated patches of regular parallel fine ridges in male (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F9C0AEE3316785E45A25834C02971E36" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Prosoma-abdomen stridulatory mechanism in Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A posterior margin of male carapace, prosomal stridulatory ridges B the same, enlarged C posterior margin of female carapace (note absence of PSR) D male abdominal stridulatory pick row E the same, enlarged F female abdominal stridulatory pick row (note dome-like setal bases of SPR, the same as surrounding setal bases). Abbreviations: PSR - prosomal (carapace) stridulatory ridges; SPR - stridulatory pick row." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003190" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4</figureCitation>
|
||
, B) indistinct under light microscope (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DF5C220A7F5FABD69FAEBC7FDF32233D" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic characters of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A part of male tibia I, showing modified ventral seta B whole male leg I C male prosoma, dorsal D posterior part of the female abdomen, ventral, cellular setae indistinct. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003187" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and completely absent in female (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4CE7BE6C97D53BBD500C4BB6D947F2FF" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Prosoma-abdomen stridulatory mechanism in Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A posterior margin of male carapace, prosomal stridulatory ridges B the same, enlarged C posterior margin of female carapace (note absence of PSR) D male abdominal stridulatory pick row E the same, enlarged F female abdominal stridulatory pick row (note dome-like setal bases of SPR, the same as surrounding setal bases). Abbreviations: PSR - prosomal (carapace) stridulatory ridges; SPR - stridulatory pick row." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003190" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
,); carapace cuticle rugose, setal bases elevated (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="489CCAD72A7DABFF9D309A2981167AD7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosoma of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A male carapace and legs, lateral view B female sternum C female carapace, dorsal view D lateral margin of male carapace E female labium F cheliceral promargin of female (note fused setal socket adjacent to fang base)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003188" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="75A7B93DBC37E2425D4637077C8FFDCC" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003188" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="66EC95EEB565FF72693C4B5606BA23EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="C75E6C4E1DBF237224DB5DE9C470CB87" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Prosoma of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0FF782F0A35E3B9C547D4A1A4DFD26CD" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CB632609BC9E4E93A6366A3681510F64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Knoflachia kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="749F311D39E830C5639160668D0000AE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
male carapace and legs, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="9039E11EACF7F23147370E5B8EAA94BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
female sternum
|
||
<emphasis id="61B916CC7AD9ABA270B3D31CB6822443" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
female carapace, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="5658EF12F60C4ED94A597DCCC30AC605" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
lateral margin of male carapace
|
||
<emphasis id="F3EF7CF9FB788AC2F74E86489EE2543E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">E</emphasis>
|
||
female labium
|
||
<emphasis id="7C57B1662D35FE071799709DD323522B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">F</emphasis>
|
||
cheliceral promargin of female (note fused setal socket adjacent to fang base).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="795A550522D511C3B9833A83EAC0BA7A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003190" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="75A57E199C6841E7E17004B57444753A" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="15E9754258223E03313CCF101816BF05" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Prosoma-abdomen stridulatory mechanism in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="033F2A01D8FA1835D30F28578C3DC860" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF1B8F41E1E78B257729D31D1FE8686C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Knoflachia kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="2B4B8687A20DFDDEE84342C3E6A5FCDD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
posterior margin of male carapace, prosomal stridulatory ridges
|
||
<emphasis id="9640FD087EF3CCEE800210C7AD53787A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
the same, enlarged
|
||
<emphasis id="4BF4A2B21885BB41AE6448E356FD57E4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
posterior margin of female carapace (note absence of PSR)
|
||
<emphasis id="AD9951D4729E2AF8521A537488BB5A20" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
male abdominal stridulatory pick row
|
||
<emphasis id="22893A3B914312F6F890F90FC6381133" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">E</emphasis>
|
||
the same, enlarged
|
||
<emphasis id="CC341E3E14B60ED6926F9409E2AA331C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">F</emphasis>
|
||
female abdominal stridulatory pick row (note dome-like setal bases of SPR, the same as surrounding setal bases). Abbreviations: PSR - prosomal (carapace) stridulatory ridges; SPR - stridulatory pick row.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5BC25C6B6AC20FA6754B144B12852495" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="73B3EA40B820C70D2082ACE5C5848F7C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Sternum</emphasis>
|
||
- almost equilateral triangle (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="919D594F6C4FB874D8EB9A93F7ED282B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General appearance of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A, B female C, F male A, F dorsal B-D lateral E ventral C, D showing the size difference of males. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D, F); 0.2 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003186" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6B4FDB55D7B77C73534FF7B61807CA98" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosoma of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A male carapace and legs, lateral view B female sternum C female carapace, dorsal view D lateral margin of male carapace E female labium F cheliceral promargin of female (note fused setal socket adjacent to fang base)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003188" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); sternal cuticle rugose, setal bases elevated (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="977177866F71D7E96D85A34A5CE76527" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosoma of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A male carapace and legs, lateral view B female sternum C female carapace, dorsal view D lateral margin of male carapace E female labium F cheliceral promargin of female (note fused setal socket adjacent to fang base)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003188" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">3E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF0376DEA9E22152A7CCB156C89D0EAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="F404EF9AD41D4473E032AF7FCA9A2262" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Labium</emphasis>
|
||
- sub-rectangular, completely fused to sternum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EB3DE2911F69E2C06D281C716CD8A844" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosoma of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A male carapace and legs, lateral view B female sternum C female carapace, dorsal view D lateral margin of male carapace E female labium F cheliceral promargin of female (note fused setal socket adjacent to fang base)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003188" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">3B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F56505233E4E8D856EDCE4DF018B093B" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="09195A3BE47C1B08F1E291BC084D08CF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Chelicera</emphasis>
|
||
- unmodified, without humps; promargin in both sexes with 3 teeth (2 basal fused) and pair of raised, fused setal sockets adjacent to fang base (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AD128F76A2931A5C1D92A2F6B36C526C" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosoma of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A male carapace and legs, lateral view B female sternum C female carapace, dorsal view D lateral margin of male carapace E female labium F cheliceral promargin of female (note fused setal socket adjacent to fang base)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003188" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">3E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); cheliceral cuticle rugose, setal bases elevated (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="79D2DF2BA9A751357D586D0E1A9BA618" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Prosoma of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A male carapace and legs, lateral view B female sternum C female carapace, dorsal view D lateral margin of male carapace E female labium F cheliceral promargin of female (note fused setal socket adjacent to fang base)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003188" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6ACB7D266A71384EF8374643DA074957" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="A211D8FCD36C69F13D6A57EAE525775F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
- Leg formula 1243 in males and 1423 in females, leg I of male extremely long and stout, Fe I can be almost 1.5 times longer than carapace length (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="9DECF533A8CE90597593429B5C44F389" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General appearance of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A, B female C, F male A, F dorsal B-D lateral E ventral C, D showing the size difference of males. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D, F); 0.2 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003186" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">1A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C861CB32EF51ABACC6C22B43FC79AC3B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic characters of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A part of male tibia I, showing modified ventral seta B whole male leg I C male prosoma, dorsal D posterior part of the female abdomen, ventral, cellular setae indistinct. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003187" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) in large specimens; distal part of femur 1.5 times wider than proximal; metatarsus and tibia I in large specimens with 2 ventral rows of tubercles, surmounted by robust blunt suberect macrosetae (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="DDA6B55DE91F517212EA607A9D05461E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic characters of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A part of male tibia I, showing modified ventral seta B whole male leg I C male prosoma, dorsal D posterior part of the female abdomen, ventral, cellular setae indistinct. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003187" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="29417D68831E6958C6468BC91532A3A4" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: leg setae, tarsal organ and trichobothria A ventral macrosetae of male metatarsus I B tarsus IV comb of female C same, enlarged D tarsal organ of female leg II E same, enlarged F trichobothrial bases of male palpal tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003191" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); bristles of tarsus IV theridiid comb flattened and straight, not hook-like (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="84485C95BAC035230D0B8B850D71DAB7" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: leg setae, tarsal organ and trichobothria A ventral macrosetae of male metatarsus I B tarsus IV comb of female C same, enlarged D tarsal organ of female leg II E same, enlarged F trichobothrial bases of male palpal tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003191" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); tarsus IV central claw subequal to laterals by length, thickness and shape in both sexes, and not distinguished from claws of other leg pairs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C97DB2D5D6A703748268C5BC5501094" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: tarsal claws A tarsus IV of male B tarsus IV of female C tarsus II of female D female palpal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003192" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">6A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
); metatarsal trichobothria 1-1-1-0, bothria dome-like (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F27C95624026409C79B5CE4C037F6AE" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: leg setae, tarsal organ and trichobothria A ventral macrosetae of male metatarsus I B tarsus IV comb of female C same, enlarged D tarsal organ of female leg II E same, enlarged F trichobothrial bases of male palpal tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003191" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">5F</figureCitation>
|
||
), usual for theridiids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0DD75B983B8B6139DE84189D4E50704A" author="Eskov, KY" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" refId="B4" refString="Eskov, KY, Marusik, YM, in prep. . A comparative morphology of tichobothrial bases in araneoid spiders, and its significance for the phylogeny and system of the superfamily Araneoidea (Arachnida: Araneae)." title="A comparative morphology of tichobothrial bases in araneoid spiders, and its significance for the phylogeny and system of the superfamily Araneoidea (Arachnida: Araneae)." year="in prep.">Eskov and Marusik in prep.</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); tarsal organ clearly proximal (0.33-0.35), its opening large, more than setal sockets (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BA4BAD97BEFA9F2329E4C4044E835EF0" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: leg setae, tarsal organ and trichobothria A ventral macrosetae of male metatarsus I B tarsus IV comb of female C same, enlarged D tarsal organ of female leg II E same, enlarged F trichobothrial bases of male palpal tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003191" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">5D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); leg cuticle imbricate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="98B4EDF041B31E1310CE37C3957D91DC" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: leg setae, tarsal organ and trichobothria A ventral macrosetae of male metatarsus I B tarsus IV comb of female C same, enlarged D tarsal organ of female leg II E same, enlarged F trichobothrial bases of male palpal tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003191" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CB23E20AA093C9A7ACDF52417E795A2B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003191" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph id="3EA03E244D4DCA72198EC5271D0F5AF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="C701B23F10E88B6B455D487D4161A5EB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9142C890EB7BC5D6D1122C67C481ED2" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="14A7E56E2A70F4D4D6AB9488387D966A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Knoflachia kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.: leg setae, tarsal organ and trichobothria
|
||
<emphasis id="54212CCAA2DFBEE24DEBB9B5B0AA46F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
ventral macrosetae of male metatarsus I
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED5B523F967AE0BC6A41C3EEC93EDB3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
tarsus IV comb of female
|
||
<emphasis id="397DDD33D812FA164F0F4C46A818A745" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
same, enlarged
|
||
<emphasis id="6D21473D86A2B2666EA0EA6FD6EC6F89" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
tarsal organ of female leg II
|
||
<emphasis id="D0AD11654BE00DDCEAB7068AF07CEF1E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">E</emphasis>
|
||
same, enlarged
|
||
<emphasis id="A6E0A9BD49D6F6F349F821709B1BA185" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">F</emphasis>
|
||
trichobothrial bases of male palpal tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="87688D2E4FB5E8A9FAE09F73A613B217" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="609AF7BB999E81F28AC9490A635331EB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Female palp</emphasis>
|
||
- full-segmented; palpal tibia with 2 trichobothria; palpal claw simple, non-semipalmate, strongly dentated (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B735479DE8BE7166BDE73919B914FA5C" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: tarsal claws A tarsus IV of male B tarsus IV of female C tarsus II of female D female palpal claw." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003192" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AF9830D27A7F5CB86A4430C6E010C612" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003192" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph id="A5F7101EC9A1DFB3FA3D176D90BBDC5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="940980827E4B3E57F2C0155A1463A52D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C5AEF41A60566121697FB60FFD58B2E" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F22F82DB2903932D956B6F43EE425F3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Knoflachia kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.: tarsal claws
|
||
<emphasis id="18E562B2C29B7F2BFD9F64B4D88227E4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
tarsus IV of male
|
||
<emphasis id="B05ADFB48D683210A2C5BF39462A9B3A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
tarsus IV of female
|
||
<emphasis id="E05B7CB1EC5A858E32170221118D56F8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
tarsus II of female
|
||
<emphasis id="EB0E527045B280E2AC02B570CEAF798A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
female palpal claw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E27CEECE8A7D900370B17F65185BEF76" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EEB48037BD1A647B337105EC55189B2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
- more or less globular; pedicel area with suprapedicillate dorsal (11
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ADD7507D3ADA9A0491EFE7194510228C" originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
|
||
) proprioceptor setae (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E29B98C488A7DB4C09E580B4ED63C85" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Prosoma-abdomen stridulatory mechanism in Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A posterior margin of male carapace, prosomal stridulatory ridges B the same, enlarged C posterior margin of female carapace (note absence of PSR) D male abdominal stridulatory pick row E the same, enlarged F female abdominal stridulatory pick row (note dome-like setal bases of SPR, the same as surrounding setal bases). Abbreviations: PSR - prosomal (carapace) stridulatory ridges; SPR - stridulatory pick row." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003190" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="68862DA46785DBB74DE23BF16A7E7057" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Abdomen of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: female (A-C) and male (D) A epigastric region of female B epigyne C colular setae (arrow) and tracheal spiracle D socketed epiandrous spigots. Scale bars: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: BL - booklung covers; Gg - guiding groove; Lp - latero-posterior rim of epigyne; Oc - copulatory opening; Se - septum; Sl - lobe of spiracle opening." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003193" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
); stridulatory pick row (SPR) lateral of pedicel, regular, not curved, consist of few (<7) setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="89CFF6C1A8F36780FB382358EE7F465A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Prosoma-abdomen stridulatory mechanism in Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A posterior margin of male carapace, prosomal stridulatory ridges B the same, enlarged C posterior margin of female carapace (note absence of PSR) D male abdominal stridulatory pick row E the same, enlarged F female abdominal stridulatory pick row (note dome-like setal bases of SPR, the same as surrounding setal bases). Abbreviations: PSR - prosomal (carapace) stridulatory ridges; SPR - stridulatory pick row." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003190" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); SPR setal bases strongly elongated and keeled, tetragonal in profile, with setae vertically protruded from its middle portion in male (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5ADBB3FDA9AA4E197845A95B42026D8" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Prosoma-abdomen stridulatory mechanism in Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A posterior margin of male carapace, prosomal stridulatory ridges B the same, enlarged C posterior margin of female carapace (note absence of PSR) D male abdominal stridulatory pick row E the same, enlarged F female abdominal stridulatory pick row (note dome-like setal bases of SPR, the same as surrounding setal bases). Abbreviations: PSR - prosomal (carapace) stridulatory ridges; SPR - stridulatory pick row." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003190" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and rounded, dome-like in female (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0E423752B2CDC3EB89BE12FE268463DD" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Prosoma-abdomen stridulatory mechanism in Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A posterior margin of male carapace, prosomal stridulatory ridges B the same, enlarged C posterior margin of female carapace (note absence of PSR) D male abdominal stridulatory pick row E the same, enlarged F female abdominal stridulatory pick row (note dome-like setal bases of SPR, the same as surrounding setal bases). Abbreviations: PSR - prosomal (carapace) stridulatory ridges; SPR - stridulatory pick row." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003190" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">4F</figureCitation>
|
||
); epiandrous gland spigots arranged in a pair of distinct depressions (sockets), 3 spigots per socket (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C85CB3BF0462304BF67D20044E5768DF" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: leg setae, tarsal organ and trichobothria A ventral macrosetae of male metatarsus I B tarsus IV comb of female C same, enlarged D tarsal organ of female leg II E same, enlarged F trichobothrial bases of male palpal tibia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003191" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
); wide tracheal spiracle near spinnerets, not straight, with pair of lobes (Sl, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9A2C8A10CD518B95CF23C28B70472E83" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Abdomen of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: female (A-C) and male (D) A epigastric region of female B epigyne C colular setae (arrow) and tracheal spiracle D socketed epiandrous spigots. Scale bars: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: BL - booklung covers; Gg - guiding groove; Lp - latero-posterior rim of epigyne; Oc - copulatory opening; Se - septum; Sl - lobe of spiracle opening." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003193" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
); colulus absent, but median pair of colular setae persists (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="602062D8C61D8E6195FB262EDD130A77" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Abdomen of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: female (A-C) and male (D) A epigastric region of female B epigyne C colular setae (arrow) and tracheal spiracle D socketed epiandrous spigots. Scale bars: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: BL - booklung covers; Gg - guiding groove; Lp - latero-posterior rim of epigyne; Oc - copulatory opening; Se - septum; Sl - lobe of spiracle opening." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003193" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
); ALS piriform field small, less than 20 spigots (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FCB81AD7F36B26500FAC3869E139319E" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinnerets of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A female spinnerets B female ALS C female PLS and PMS D female PMS E male spinnerets F male PLS and PMS (note absence of CY). Abbreviations: AC - aciniform gland spigot (s); AG - aggregate gland spigot (s); ALS - anterior lateral spinneret; CY - cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAP - minor ampullate gland spigot (s); MAP - major ampullate gland spigot (s); Nu - nubbin; PI - piriform gland spigot (s); PLS - posterior lateral spinneret; PMS - posterior median spinneret." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003194" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">8A, B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); PLS posterior AG spigot enlarged and flattened, subquadrate in profile (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="79734416BE7D0965EFD2CDD4B9960921" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinnerets of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A female spinnerets B female ALS C female PLS and PMS D female PMS E male spinnerets F male PLS and PMS (note absence of CY). Abbreviations: AC - aciniform gland spigot (s); AG - aggregate gland spigot (s); ALS - anterior lateral spinneret; CY - cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAP - minor ampullate gland spigot (s); MAP - major ampullate gland spigot (s); Nu - nubbin; PI - piriform gland spigot (s); PLS - posterior lateral spinneret; PMS - posterior median spinneret." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003194" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">8A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); PMS with 3 spigots (1 mAP + 2 AC) in male (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5823083D4470E157CB9E9DE4116EB115" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinnerets of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A female spinnerets B female ALS C female PLS and PMS D female PMS E male spinnerets F male PLS and PMS (note absence of CY). Abbreviations: AC - aciniform gland spigot (s); AG - aggregate gland spigot (s); ALS - anterior lateral spinneret; CY - cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAP - minor ampullate gland spigot (s); MAP - major ampullate gland spigot (s); Nu - nubbin; PI - piriform gland spigot (s); PLS - posterior lateral spinneret; PMS - posterior median spinneret." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003194" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">8E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 4 spigots (1 mAP + 2 AC + 1 CY) in female (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D556C9CFDF7123B242D279EAD5C509C1" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spinnerets of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A female spinnerets B female ALS C female PLS and PMS D female PMS E male spinnerets F male PLS and PMS (note absence of CY). Abbreviations: AC - aciniform gland spigot (s); AG - aggregate gland spigot (s); ALS - anterior lateral spinneret; CY - cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAP - minor ampullate gland spigot (s); MAP - major ampullate gland spigot (s); Nu - nubbin; PI - piriform gland spigot (s); PLS - posterior lateral spinneret; PMS - posterior median spinneret." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003194" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">8A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); abdominal cuticle fingerprint (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="959942026846A5F05C7A483418EDD2C6" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Abdomen of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: female (A-C) and male (D) A epigastric region of female B epigyne C colular setae (arrow) and tracheal spiracle D socketed epiandrous spigots. Scale bars: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: BL - booklung covers; Gg - guiding groove; Lp - latero-posterior rim of epigyne; Oc - copulatory opening; Se - septum; Sl - lobe of spiracle opening." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003193" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
), booklung cuticle smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D770294A8BFCD16BA1D55B8EB8AF1B88" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003193" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8BC015951E6FEF28A30B88D58B569AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="60CEED810C802D2F6306C26DA95DF3DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdomen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68FDB049C23E2CC88CE0F9C7DC888B4B" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="26B4EB97FBDD4F83CABC9139045270CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Knoflachia kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.: female (
|
||
<emphasis id="6BBAFA52DFF971C53942537DF21F2C1B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
) and male (
|
||
<emphasis id="48258B06009D1343671AC7F4D4C35FCC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="D18E3D1CB3CE9898D31C90DDBDF623ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
epigastric region of female
|
||
<emphasis id="01C1045A745E1CBE871956D656C853D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
epigyne
|
||
<emphasis id="6F5328F3E550ACE1A3D4E35D315D7F99" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
colular setae (arrow) and tracheal spiracle
|
||
<emphasis id="59B02561CE8070EE66080DD797845BBE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
socketed epiandrous spigots. Scale bars: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="45375CA4C8AF881E2B284848456128CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">BL</emphasis>
|
||
- booklung covers;
|
||
<emphasis id="3C04CA781020128BFA06345E8FFBF784" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Gg</emphasis>
|
||
- guiding groove;
|
||
<emphasis id="013DAF4FF0365ACEA0E74DC2E6B18D27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Lp</emphasis>
|
||
- latero-posterior rim of epigyne;
|
||
<emphasis id="A5F7E2305DB395206FB7A2F2B5DF1131" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Oc</emphasis>
|
||
- copulatory opening;
|
||
<emphasis id="F81BE2B9A0863392F25CC9F870429C67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Se</emphasis>
|
||
- septum;
|
||
<emphasis id="34D0FDE6615B6141D45EBACFEBE83721" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Sl</emphasis>
|
||
- lobe of spiracle opening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="6E9279A02D36ABA0C316A4F87D66537F" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003194" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph id="415FD8690A44D0B1445DFD534EA2D323" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="73F382868E3E1D0446E4E8B36100C33E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Spinnerets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFEB097C9102F941E73DE0A6ECE7CAEC" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E18B942B8295A00B020EC1D25A0271E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Knoflachia kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="9ABE397C114ABED7493CA34CF8EF56C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
female spinnerets
|
||
<emphasis id="B272BA120190C829546B917428ADF060" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
female ALS
|
||
<emphasis id="066260A9E3CE41A1A1E0C53E50FAA7F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
female PLS and PMS
|
||
<emphasis id="3E07AD44B7DCDEBF62438D2E5EF058B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
female PMS
|
||
<emphasis id="64EE31939358707906BD175228898EC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">E</emphasis>
|
||
male spinnerets
|
||
<emphasis id="BE00DD14E1520668DA62FCCAD5E8B263" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">F</emphasis>
|
||
male PLS and PMS (note absence of CY). Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="1417722B6538AD906D5870E4EA8066F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">AC</emphasis>
|
||
- aciniform gland spigot(s);
|
||
<emphasis id="D422828CD5F5B05D49C1C552E7985982" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">AG</emphasis>
|
||
- aggregate gland spigot(s);
|
||
<emphasis id="AE760980D9674DC9AF95F11B68EFB04A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">ALS</emphasis>
|
||
- anterior lateral spinneret;
|
||
<emphasis id="D6363ADD439AF7B4C1F10C382B93CC5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">CY</emphasis>
|
||
- cylindrical gland spigot(s); mAP - minor ampullate gland spigot(s);
|
||
<emphasis id="36D665C0C0714AEDA58C3E24A63B131C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">MAP</emphasis>
|
||
- major ampullate gland spigot(s);
|
||
<emphasis id="2124DA5D79A81D6E8D5571B0B99B04D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Nu</emphasis>
|
||
- nubbin;
|
||
<emphasis id="02649A77DE5331C9976C3CED8689FB2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">PI</emphasis>
|
||
- piriform gland spigot(s);
|
||
<emphasis id="B1663C4B6C5158DEA9F4D00AA70388B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">PLS</emphasis>
|
||
- posterior lateral spinneret;
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA5D0113F4A0D2C34766A5DDE4D9971" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">PMS</emphasis>
|
||
- posterior median spinneret.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FDCFC851343ADD81D7D8C911D3C2216A" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="304DDDA7A3994EC87C0B3F1993185E22" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Male palp</emphasis>
|
||
- patella short, almost as wide as long, 2.4 times shorter than tibia; tibia spoon-like, extremely enlarged, ca 2/3 of cymbial length, covers more than half of proximal part of bulb (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="87E12608A744F6FC45CC46CAC3953BDC" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Male palp (A-G) and epigyne (D-E) of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A-C ventral, prolateral and dorsal D intact, ventral E macerated, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Re - receptacle; Rm - round part of epigyne; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Se - septum; Ta - tegular apophysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003195" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="231CDCFA29E45DB43922721F447EB59B" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male palp of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A left palp, ventral view B left palp, ventro-mesial view C the same, enlarged (note grooved conductor, forming a sheath for a distal portion of embolus, and fold-like excavation on cymbial mesial margin) D tibia of right palp, dorso-ectal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003196" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">10A</figureCitation>
|
||
), with 2 retrolateral trichobothria (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="692F110B8ABC7C7D55D4D3E42BBC44F2" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male palp of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A left palp, ventral view B left palp, ventro-mesial view C the same, enlarged (note grooved conductor, forming a sheath for a distal portion of embolus, and fold-like excavation on cymbial mesial margin) D tibia of right palp, dorso-ectal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003196" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">10D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and with several setae on its inner surface (probably artifact) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="22FAC98DAE9B20D00E59FBBF32F1CB94" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Left male palp with removed tibia of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A separated tibia, inner surface B bulb and cymbium, ventral C same, proximal portion D same, distal portion (note ectal cymbial hood and mesial cymbial excavation). Scale bar: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: Ch - cymbial hood; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Ma - median apophysis; Mp - posterior part of Ma; Pm - prolateral part of Ma; Ra - radix; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003197" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and; cymbium 1.9 times longer than wide, with round proximal part and finger like tip slightly bent retrolaterally; cymbial mesial margin distally with small bulge (Sb) (when observed with light microscope: Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="029BBA23C18034E829FB78F73A3673D7" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Male palp (A-G) and epigyne (D-E) of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A-C ventral, prolateral and dorsal D intact, ventral E macerated, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Re - receptacle; Rm - round part of epigyne; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Se - septum; Ta - tegular apophysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003195" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">9A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is dissected longitudinally by fold-like excavation (when observed with SEM: Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="02D1BB80ED01CD93AE4CA01A4DB0C072" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male palp of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A left palp, ventral view B left palp, ventro-mesial view C the same, enlarged (note grooved conductor, forming a sheath for a distal portion of embolus, and fold-like excavation on cymbial mesial margin) D tibia of right palp, dorso-ectal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003196" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">10B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D142AD38ABB33F32ED3CB07D8BFCAFB9" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Left male palp with removed tibia of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A separated tibia, inner surface B bulb and cymbium, ventral C same, proximal portion D same, distal portion (note ectal cymbial hood and mesial cymbial excavation). Scale bar: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: Ch - cymbial hood; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Ma - median apophysis; Mp - posterior part of Ma; Pm - prolateral part of Ma; Ra - radix; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003197" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">11D</figureCitation>
|
||
); cymbial ectal margin distally with groove-like cymbial hood (Ch) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2E569B5290EE2E27363ACF8F9161C6A6" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Left male palp with removed tibia of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A separated tibia, inner surface B bulb and cymbium, ventral C same, proximal portion D same, distal portion (note ectal cymbial hood and mesial cymbial excavation). Scale bar: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: Ch - cymbial hood; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Ma - median apophysis; Mp - posterior part of Ma; Pm - prolateral part of Ma; Ra - radix; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003197" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">11D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bulb as long as wide, with relatively small tegulum (Te), tegular apophysis (Ta) appears as simple curved, weakly sclerotized spine (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="EEEDCAC51FA630FE3E205C32C3225E32" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Male palp (A-G) and epigyne (D-E) of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A-C ventral, prolateral and dorsal D intact, ventral E macerated, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Re - receptacle; Rm - round part of epigyne; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Se - septum; Ta - tegular apophysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003195" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">9A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F523E02B363644F84EE5708935729BAA" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male palp of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A left palp, ventral view B left palp, ventro-mesial view C the same, enlarged (note grooved conductor, forming a sheath for a distal portion of embolus, and fold-like excavation on cymbial mesial margin) D tibia of right palp, dorso-ectal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003196" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">10A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="06D9AC35A85207DEB54804EDEDD81329" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Left male palp with removed tibia of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A separated tibia, inner surface B bulb and cymbium, ventral C same, proximal portion D same, distal portion (note ectal cymbial hood and mesial cymbial excavation). Scale bar: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: Ch - cymbial hood; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Ma - median apophysis; Mp - posterior part of Ma; Pm - prolateral part of Ma; Ra - radix; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003197" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">11B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); elongated hyaline conductor (Co) with groove serving as sheath for distal portion embolus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1CC49C0DB82643DAFFE0AFEF310314E" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male palp of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A left palp, ventral view B left palp, ventro-mesial view C the same, enlarged (note grooved conductor, forming a sheath for a distal portion of embolus, and fold-like excavation on cymbial mesial margin) D tibia of right palp, dorso-ectal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003196" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">10B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); embolus filamentous coiled forming loop ca. 400°, (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E57218B9DCF1F6B590403FEF2A42FD2" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Left male palp with removed tibia of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A separated tibia, inner surface B bulb and cymbium, ventral C same, proximal portion D same, distal portion (note ectal cymbial hood and mesial cymbial excavation). Scale bar: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: Ch - cymbial hood; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Ma - median apophysis; Mp - posterior part of Ma; Pm - prolateral part of Ma; Ra - radix; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003197" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
); radix (Ra) and median apophysis (Ma) (we are not sure about homology) in unexpanded palp completely hidden by enlarged retroventral part of tibia (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B4517F7F99B82F19F2C09EB43DF86AC" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male palp of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A left palp, ventral view B left palp, ventro-mesial view C the same, enlarged (note grooved conductor, forming a sheath for a distal portion of embolus, and fold-like excavation on cymbial mesial margin) D tibia of right palp, dorso-ectal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003196" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">10A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E3AA1497CB42D4D6B04FF0DB6CA81CF" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Left male palp with removed tibia of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A separated tibia, inner surface B bulb and cymbium, ventral C same, proximal portion D same, distal portion (note ectal cymbial hood and mesial cymbial excavation). Scale bar: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: Ch - cymbial hood; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Ma - median apophysis; Mp - posterior part of Ma; Pm - prolateral part of Ma; Ra - radix; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Ta - tegular apophysis; Te - tegulum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003197" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
); median apophysis (?) with 2 arms: large spine like posterior (Mp) and small prolateral (Pm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0A1CC39B217284203D155F83F3EB337A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003195" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph id="ED9EB9554429F01E77A39BDBED57E1BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="570E292858E7C59F874EFB6B6DE2DA94" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Male palp (
|
||
<emphasis id="927721CDCCA31E3FF9FCAE72F1D69E51" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A-G</emphasis>
|
||
) and epigyne (
|
||
<emphasis id="B65A767FE249BB39CE9128D920A4E939" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D-E</emphasis>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37892CDAF2993B1B6F9B5D8F2CFE6731" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CE9332F7154931748F5DFE039991D086" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Knoflachia kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="9B8CC0CF223E3FC7D383F4497B281AB1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral, prolateral and dorsal
|
||
<emphasis id="BA9419930E228B5501C433EE0415790B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
intact, ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="D7E5D0D7F0445140783ED2D21D2B6896" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">E</emphasis>
|
||
macerated, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="55D5105FB3664C272848169C0E1B1BDD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Cd</emphasis>
|
||
- copulatory duct;
|
||
<emphasis id="89A070D3A5587E20ECBE631D9FC36AD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Co</emphasis>
|
||
- conductor;
|
||
<emphasis id="037BFED62510FAF50F138FDD31360861" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Em</emphasis>
|
||
- embolus;
|
||
<emphasis id="7EE351D2E0BAC9C8F5752139DF7DAE80" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Re</emphasis>
|
||
- receptacle;
|
||
<emphasis id="A410F540E90AA8469674A0FCB2154B83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Rm</emphasis>
|
||
- round part of epigyne;
|
||
<emphasis id="4493ED85629DDBD4A3D31EB3358180B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Sb</emphasis>
|
||
- cymbial small bulge;
|
||
<emphasis id="268D71B54938A7441BA3F4260C66912B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Se</emphasis>
|
||
- septum;
|
||
<emphasis id="C30A0BCB8C186E0913BA46A0C70D3615" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Ta</emphasis>
|
||
- tegular apophysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BAA80D8BF5044B23B20DF724D614ADA2" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003196" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph id="955F312EC5C507FD211F6213C049AB37" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9BBAA60E7DB5B040EA079B69368141F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Male palp of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="224D2B5279D4DF7415A192F49AD59E3D" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD30D5C87CD3DF897949598AC81D1F61" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Knoflachia kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="AB15A2D0F68CB18DFEBC9EE2A9B14517" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
left palp, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="DD4BDE31DC0226852A14DBC2C7A832FA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
left palp, ventro-mesial view
|
||
<emphasis id="6CEF85CC022FD50D509E43F82EA9AA0A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
the same, enlarged (note grooved conductor, forming a sheath for a distal portion of embolus, and fold-like excavation on cymbial mesial margin)
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EC05F630D693AF58265E4B5A6BC819" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
tibia of right palp, dorso-ectal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="933B21B8AE7C2A3E768514F39A9DADD0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Co</emphasis>
|
||
- conductor;
|
||
<emphasis id="77CDDFBD05535C1BFA138AE25CC8BA74" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Em</emphasis>
|
||
- embolus;
|
||
<emphasis id="E25B05EA2ABE7881AEF79DEA52D4F347" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Sb</emphasis>
|
||
- cymbial small bulge;
|
||
<emphasis id="305B8109715FEB8AA451B62532CAD94A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Ta</emphasis>
|
||
- tegular apophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="DDBFADFC00DB3CC9B9695F55138BC653" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Te</emphasis>
|
||
- tegulum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="57127AC48ED75388B96FD7B9BE39DBAC" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003197" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC5FDA6609AEE299686E4D2C599C48D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CF1845E6A1FC97F259EB1573A4CC5FF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Left male palp with removed tibia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DC4F7314D89353665E9E71F6D3B9EE4" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6238118A234B3C8277F893E18609E4D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Knoflachia kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="6A8B9798D446C905510668A6588F9530" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
separated tibia, inner surface
|
||
<emphasis id="7B0EB8C3F88E76669CF56F11A9AFFC9F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
bulb and cymbium, ventral
|
||
<emphasis id="F648CC61CE553D97EC70C310FD4970E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
same, proximal portion
|
||
<emphasis id="D62C56E4875A996038561D61BD9123CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">D</emphasis>
|
||
same, distal portion (note ectal cymbial hood and mesial cymbial excavation). Scale bar: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="2AC8F07507827359AD2B42D6AF8C2E3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Ch</emphasis>
|
||
- cymbial hood;
|
||
<emphasis id="B8B9C778054BD73582698860A4445CA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Co</emphasis>
|
||
- conductor;
|
||
<emphasis id="EA1E64F59181E4369443C8FAB55340EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Em</emphasis>
|
||
- embolus;
|
||
<emphasis id="CD4E5413621A5B7F96DCF205FD3FF13F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Ma</emphasis>
|
||
- median apophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="2E03665A0F5E9C12DF35A6BB836F3003" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Mp</emphasis>
|
||
- posterior part of
|
||
<emphasis id="0EC22E756DD857AD4B3C1FAA82D098B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Ma</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="E9A0F38F529CCDD9C7BC5767496CD309" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Pm</emphasis>
|
||
- prolateral part of
|
||
<emphasis id="28C4CFA15AEDE4E05030C9FDAE78BBF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Ma</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="3831E340C34D0A7209A888A883B0EAF8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Ra</emphasis>
|
||
- radix;
|
||
<emphasis id="6BC489B6F5826037473E27F675FFF756" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Sb</emphasis>
|
||
- cymbial small bulge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B575408238195A97DBD61A5C88C5687C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Ta</emphasis>
|
||
- tegular apophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="D132858FD56BA2701A265DCBB63E49AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Te</emphasis>
|
||
- tegulum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1CFC47AC233EBC8D4934FEEC46DCF04E" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD11A5240F77B3FE20D5D8EE2099A227" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Epigyne</emphasis>
|
||
- as seen by light microscope (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E9DF03B22B40DE70E2E5E20BC034BDCF" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Male palp (A-G) and epigyne (D-E) of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A-C ventral, prolateral and dorsal D intact, ventral E macerated, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: Cd - copulatory duct; Co - conductor; Em - embolus; Re - receptacle; Rm - round part of epigyne; Sb - cymbial small bulge; Se - septum; Ta - tegular apophysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003195" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">9D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
): epigynal plate about as long as wide, weakly sclerotized, with pair of round membranous parts (Rm) separated by thin septum; endogyne with long coiled weakly sclerotized copulatory ducts (Cd) and dumbbell-shaped receptacles (Re) standing perpendicular to epigynal plate behind Rm. As seen by SEM (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA59284F8057067A433D4C1479ECB30" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Abdomen of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov.: female (A-C) and male (D) A epigastric region of female B epigyne C colular setae (arrow) and tracheal spiracle D socketed epiandrous spigots. Scale bars: 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: BL - booklung covers; Gg - guiding groove; Lp - latero-posterior rim of epigyne; Oc - copulatory opening; Se - septum; Sl - lobe of spiracle opening." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003193" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
): epigyne with kind of foveae, well delimited by latero-posterior rim (Lp) and septum (Sp). Rim and septum forming guide groove (Gg) for embolus, anteriorly from septum Gg shallower, Gg forms 2 coils (about 720°) and terminates in copulatory opening (Oc).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6BCD0CA4626B3C4F81B6EE0D6BD18583" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2619A0D3AE4840A5724D25F98D610D2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Composition and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="785162456E572852181C7724B96C5DBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
Only the type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F060D2D69482CFD9C9C66D2488918F4" lsidName="K. kurilensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFD559E4F0CA661B3F207E442EC98302" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">K. kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., known only from the type locality (South Kurile islands, Kunashir Island: Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="877E14E9BD6DDAFA5610ED5FEA6066A7" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Collecting locality of Knoflachia kurilensis sp. nov. A Kunashir Island B Kurile islands C collecting locality." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003198" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">12</figureCitation>
|
||
). The future records of this genus are surely anticipated in other Far East regions such as Hokkaido.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="72F16C2C347E20989FEBE38146DC63E8" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.118632.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1003198" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph id="12CFA6D6B0D401C31C0647F0DDA490BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="B86B801935239BE02ACC559B10CA165E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Collecting locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="745BEFE9325CD4A2F5F0DD84A347F855" authorityName="Marusik & Eskov" authorityYear="2024" family="Theridiidae" genus="Knoflachia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Knoflachia kurilensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="219" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DB3B68BA5F4BDAD7B31C7C411A5A0BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">Knoflachia kurilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="5A8119681EF41B589A3E7DD5161D14EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">A</emphasis>
|
||
Kunashir Island
|
||
<emphasis id="B31568F64B608D4AA489FE44EB2BB5F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">B</emphasis>
|
||
Kurile islands
|
||
<emphasis id="8C1DD5B54027CF2338829D44FA56F17D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="219">C</emphasis>
|
||
collecting locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |