404 lines
44 KiB
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404 lines
44 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8AB990C51A6D23F3A476593E293AC95C">Rhinolekoscapetinga: a new cascudinho species (Loricariidae, Otothyrinae) from the rio Tocantins basin and comments on its ancestral dispersal route</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F52F58FAD4D0FCB9351EEF9A9F17B01">Roxo, Fabio F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="09124D9344F382978570D61FB32A5B83">Ochoa, Luz E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1AF0365FF02D1EEDB410AA0CF0B63352">Silva, Gabriel S. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="635D4FF4FFF286109E85C84D2EC7BDDD">Oliveira, Claudio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C8B0554D7629CC8C0BCC27C4B2D78DC5">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="82E7A51D73402A0B77260E08D3F0CD79">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B2D25A8B44376A3EC457DDC88F1B2942" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="269C41F0FD6243CE3D1C0CD7AD86961A">481</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FB95A4D9A2C809C6D37A4782D2FE9662">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.481.8755</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C01852790380230C37616996515A98BD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="344B78F9F2772C66F688EF3E11261B17" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.481.8755</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="399679748B914DEE9334D0152D0519E9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058176" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:53CB690E-E969-4C06-8C1E-4991C103F19F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/399679748B914DEE9334D0152D0519E9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
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<subSubSection id="6C14CB24668E43A0C0638B82FBF74B42" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="659101D80E8250C6C86D34CDA29224D6" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Taxon classification Animalia Siluriformes Loricariidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C215B7C1EDCED2CA25F3C65DAAB9C393" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EA56EA90A1E3DEE3B4766BDBB420BD08" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName id="1FE70806F468112850C59E8BCB55F0E9" ID-CoL="4S94C" LSID="http://zoobank.org/53CB690E-E969-4C06-8C1E-4991C103F19F" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos capetinga" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capetinga">Rhinolekos capetinga</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1D718A711D82939462DE9F929DEB4F21" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 3; Table 1
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C0248051B0B800A4F7000B46FD8FF457" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5F963512FD47A44BE1D7FC9E119632AB" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName id="50466B7BB9E852AE7A74EAB11641D413" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolekos</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1 -
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<bibRefCitation id="3B3A5446063BB0B86958535E1249818F" author="Roxo, FF" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" title="Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of the Armored Neotropical Catfish Subfamilies Hypoptopomatinae, Neoplecostominae and Otothyrinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)." url="10.1371/journal.pone.0105564" volume="9" year="2014 a">Roxo et al. 2014a</bibRefCitation>
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: 9(8) e105564 (phylogenetic relationships).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="117FFC8776A41C443038CC6C3D45100E" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="EACC321525FEDEF8F7C51A1950C6B36C" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="25EE81B8F091F87058B48EAEC01304F7" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
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MZUSP 116102, (male, 37.5 mm SL), Brazil,
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<normalizedToken id="00BC40CFABC503350D1E621A9F84A28D" originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
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State, municipality of
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<normalizedToken id="F5CB1F96F35FA18DB4121B7CF513D864" originalValue="Água">Agua</normalizedToken>
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Fria de
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<normalizedToken id="3018523C56C1936FDE513A616DDF6AE6" originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="52E42C51E447B96A2A4E0B56A56FA688" originalValue="córrego">corrego</normalizedToken>
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da Branca, drainage of the rio Tocantizinho, rio Tocantins basin,
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<geoCoordinate id="D23E003E3E43C42602EF11CD77DFF78B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.896444">14°53'47.2"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="22665CBECBDECD698A44F50F54560E3A" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-47.58289">47°34'58.4"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 30 June 2014, FF Roxo, GSC Silva, LE Ochoa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="601FBDEA8C9B93377826A39ECAC153F1" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph id="4BBC11767F4C942C23241BACDA7586AE" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F4168840DDA447993339814C48C237EF" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
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Brazil,
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<normalizedToken id="85C73A7964CE9F4BE138E114D604646B" originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
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State, rio Tocantins basin (56 specimens). LBP 17089 (1 male, 39.1 mm SL), municipality of Agua Fria de
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<normalizedToken id="37C7642D92428AD6434BC302B2046879" originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="222736485526EC99D6600B14AED8D024" originalValue="córrego">corrego</normalizedToken>
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da Branca, drainage of the rio Tocantizinho,
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<geoCoordinate id="C8849BCC8379A1A807BEFCC646B87CAC" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.950444">14°57'01.6"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="43789AA5ACCA937B44EEC79445607943" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-47.599167">47°35'57.0"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 21 November 2012, R
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<normalizedToken id="DFF0336DAE0ADFC8ABA96FF70641DEAE" originalValue="Devidé">Devide</normalizedToken>
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, BF Melo, JMH Martinez, GSC Silva; LBP 18996, (1 female, 24.1 mm SL), municipality of
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<normalizedToken id="AF2747412FFCA636D1A53896F31BB409" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="30B9B97430E64D5E674295EEEEA1BB4D" originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="3C193DA914E5E982053E603CF313DDBC" originalValue="D’Aliança">D'Alianca</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="1B9CFD21599413D972ADB47908DDC762" originalValue="córrego">corrego</normalizedToken>
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Roncador, drainage of the rio Tocantizinho,
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<geoCoordinate id="E3B4BA33A4D4DCE92D1867AAD121FF4E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.730916">14°43'51.3"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E4454CE9E0DE94C7446DBA7BC01E40D2" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-47.542778">47°32'34.0"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 30 June 2014, FF Roxo, GSC Silva, LE Ochoa; LBP 19001 (15 females, 26.8-36.2 mm SL, 20 males, 39.5-30.2 mm SL, 3 c&s, 37.2-32.6 mm SL, 9 unsexed juveniles not measured), collected with holotype. LBP 19466 (2 females, 36.5-37.1 mm SL) municipality of
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<normalizedToken id="5FEF5B55F56D6FF9C3359BDABDA2FE36" originalValue="Água">Agua</normalizedToken>
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Fria de
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<normalizedToken id="99FC2662A73AF18E914182AA4DBB5439" originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="55E620A8E2B361BAC7A18B739FC1582E" originalValue="córrego">corrego</normalizedToken>
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da Branca, drainage of the rio Tocantizinho,
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<geoCoordinate id="0D8A8785E262002EAB8049BEA40A62E9" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.896444">14°53'47.2"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B6A1519640EB6D0423ECB2C290ED51BA" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-47.58289">47°34'58.4"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 09 November 2014, FF Roxo, LH Roxo, GSC Silva, LE Ochoa; MZUSP 113920 (2 females, 29.3-37.3 mm SL, 3 males, 30.4-39.0 mm SL), municipality of
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<normalizedToken id="DA0EE6D1F456145711D76834BC8E384C" originalValue="Água">Agua</normalizedToken>
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Fria de
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<normalizedToken id="5827F81077AE5C9599B063B238A0C822" originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="852FC001DEF9CD9D6C4216AE7762A05D" originalValue="córrego">corrego</normalizedToken>
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da Branca, drainage of the rio Tocantizinho,
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<geoCoordinate id="3A8592E32EF0029CCB30D1194949B8FC" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.896444">14°53'47.2"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="35E5DA981E98356680B9299B14C66E17" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-47.58289">47°34'58.4"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 27 November 2012, OT Oyakawa, AM Zanata, P Camelier, M Melo.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="999AB1ED1B0F3337A467225CA3DD1250" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3AE12B4C50720D395EF7E0B5AD661AE6" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E22813023D5494FC1EF0E469D85B427B" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName id="A4C4B3A23715F989BB4216B9D07126C3" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos capetinga" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capetinga">Rhinolekos capetinga</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="C40DF94475B1011AD2B54BBE2543D382" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos garavelloi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garavelloi">Rhinolekos garavelloi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F500DCB83173C7D1D5DE39E1500A461D" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos schaeferi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schaeferi">Rhinolekos schaeferi</taxonomicName>
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in that it has a lower number of vertebrae, 31 (vs. 32) and the anterior portion of the compound supraneural-first dorsal-fin proximal radial contacts the neural spine at the 9th vertebra (vs. 10th, Fig. 2a). The new species can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4A85596209F0D9A7B6C07253728231B0" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos britskii" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">Rhinolekos britskii</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of transverse dark bands in the pectoral, pelvic and anal-fin rays (vs. present), lower number of plates in the dorsal series 24-28 (vs. 30-35), lack of odontodes on the ventral tip of the snout (vs. tip of snout completely covered by odontodes), and by having a greater prenasal length, 41-60% of HL (vs. 32-40% of HL). Moreover, the new species differs from
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<taxonomicName id="E0514474D83B0E1B05C6AD0A2DD7BFF2" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos schaeferi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schaeferi">Rhinolekos schaeferi</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of accessory teeth (vs. present) and from all congeners by the smaller head length, 20-27% of SL (vs. 28-32% of SL in
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<taxonomicName id="0EEAC9E5D93A2194C8517DFA4A6CE8B8" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos britskii" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">Rhinolekos britskii</taxonomicName>
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; 29-35% of SL in
|
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<taxonomicName id="8740AD2824CC19BA15601085F2EA7EEA" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos garavelloi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garavelloi">Rhinolekos garavelloi</taxonomicName>
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; 29-32% of SL in
|
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<taxonomicName id="3CD80C8EC8C623C43F49881FB9AC81F3" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos schaeferi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schaeferi">Rhinolekos schaeferi</taxonomicName>
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), and by the greater snout length, 61-85% of HL (vs. 52-57% of SL in
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<taxonomicName id="458BA6631EBFDBB59187E524DF7B8295" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos britskii" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">Rhinolekos britskii</taxonomicName>
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; 49-60% of SL in
|
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<taxonomicName id="15DDDEB633B62B97E99E8CE792A02A47" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos garavelloi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garavelloi">Rhinolekos garavelloi</taxonomicName>
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; 53-59% of SL in
|
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<taxonomicName id="C0E204DF5886319AB20CD3EC1D4733F3" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos schaeferi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schaeferi">Rhinolekos schaeferi</taxonomicName>
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). It differs from
|
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<taxonomicName id="22BA97B43234DC39065929603A396534" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos britskii" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">Rhinolekos britskii</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="1CA48770E10C2B460730C2BF06EA5705" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos garavelloi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garavelloi">Rhinolekos garavelloi</taxonomicName>
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by the smaller caudal-peduncle depth, 6-9% of SL (vs. 9-11% of SL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="499DB452159144EFA595E6AF49D81CE2" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos britskii" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">Rhinolekos britskii</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 10-13% of SL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29D28EF2A4DCDB86C2736100441195D" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos garavelloi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garavelloi">Rhinolekos garavelloi</taxonomicName>
|
||
); it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4960CF36996132650D7C923D862C8F2C" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos garavelloi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garavelloi">Rhinolekos garavelloi</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the smaller thoracic length 10-15% of SL (vs. 18-21% of SL), and by the smaller folded dorsal-fin length, 14-21% of SL (vs. 22-26% of SL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B0C79F2A64FCD2DDBE907F897BC6BDA5" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<paragraph id="5170F6D410342695331CDCD64A9CB804" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
Figure 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB5F6619EFFA1553667EA736DDF2654" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos capetinga" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capetinga">Rhinolekos capetinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
MZUSP 116102, holotype, male, 37.5 mm SL,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="76658CB4F8ECE914AB081544BE9BBFA3" originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
|
||
State, rio Tocantins basin, Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D057E606C96B2835CB90EE63B1EAF4C3" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<paragraph id="7C0386D4D11AE65DDAF939C158F06437" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
Figure 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B4B52A0809139D58645483412EF01D1" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos capetinga" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capetinga">Rhinolekos capetinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
, LBP 19001, paratype, 34.5 mm SL. a Anterior portion of axial skeleton and dorsal-fin supports (left side, lateral view). Vertebrae counts included five vertebrae of the Weberian apparatus. np nucal plate; rv6 rib of sixth vertebrae; px2 compound proximal and medial radial 2; sn+px1 compound supraneural first dorsal-fin proximal radial; sp1 first dorsal-fin spinelet; sp2 second dorsal-fin spine; v6−12 vertebrae 6−12 b Skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7593EF33CC3DADE23FCC87DF8DFBFD45" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos capetinga" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capetinga">Rhinolekos capetinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
; f frontal; soc supraoccipital; cpt parieto-supraoccipital; op opercle; io1−5 infraorbitals; pop preopercle; cp 1−2 cheek plates; pr 1−3 postrostral plates; pf prefrontal plates; le lateral ethmoid; n nasal; lpn lateronasal plate; r rostral plate; pn prenasal; sp sphenotic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="443ECD7729A1F99CB6C9BD753AB46EE8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="EC00470C8B9C78C8727641B79F5C00D3" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="ACB12D0A48B7866DB68DD83E0C17361E" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D2137C0191F08502E099A181F0FE3EC7" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Morphometric and meristic data presented in Table 1. Maximum body length 39.1 mm SL; dorsal profile of head in lateral view convex to straight from upper part of rostrum to anterior margin of eyes, slightly curved from eyes to posterior margin of parieto supraoccipital, almost straight to dorsal-fin origin; dorsal profile of trunk almost straight, descending from base of dorsal-fin origin to caudal peduncle; ventral profile slightly concave from snout tip to pelvic-fin origin, slightly convex to caudal peduncle; greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin; greatest body width at cleithral region, gradually decreasing towards snout and caudal-fin. Cross-section of caudal peduncle almost ellipsoid; rounded laterally and almost flat dorsally and ventrally.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1341623A20F67794AC8DD866C4220C39" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<paragraph id="7C37F2AC5B1F89F1FCCFB91DA294636C" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
Table 1. Morphometrics and meristic data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DE6E26768F0E456F215034C367BA36F" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos capetinga" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capetinga">Rhinolekos capetinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
. SD, standard deviation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="18E15C1C51D389A584E67479DD4EF216" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<table id="A6AB09C9D84D1D112B24B3846D69D743" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<tr id="D75E1A0A0BDEF443EDF2DDDD51303730" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<th id="AD4262DF74CA7C7860D6E92FBB14A18D" colspan="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B58C9DAEDE94D3ECBD7DC8409E56683" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos capetinga" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capetinga">Rhinolekos capetinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype and paratypes (n=30)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F72C1F1D7B59FC1148005ECD9F531A3" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<th id="E4D06E074E604D47D1D120879EE30A7E" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Holotype</th>
|
||
<th id="0E5216272EFBC402578CEE895AA2772D" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Range</th>
|
||
<th id="C98A3122B00E1C6C28C8727510C6D3F1" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="6A0136C3C9A5F74C9886B4783CC4BDFC" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">SD</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3AA3CA046B6B2820FAD593E689744FC7" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td id="ABE81112C6CD16A1B5382D06A70362FD" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">SL</td>
|
||
<td id="93AB582591FFC45B632F9039C45B64FF" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">37.5</td>
|
||
<td id="53B55C2E6903A3528407C76B70FF8AF2" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">22.9-39.1</td>
|
||
<td id="FBFDDA55B19DAAC366CE66E3EC59726B" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">34.3</td>
|
||
<td id="BD9F4152A73956F74982265F277C7BAA" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">3.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4382A19373CD8125E0763F87FE606A69" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td id="C5B639387AA83C6EBAE78EB76D881A40" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Percents of SL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EC8138E73A3624EB39C3B313C925539E" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td id="D8299E7069BDCDCF0DAEAAFD3AA80E52" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Percents of HL</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E266424238063B9B712FA9D509C9AEAE" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<td id="EE9374BDD003976A9417240E76020A39" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Meristics</td>
|
||
<td id="5D8CC8508861884DED1E4E9B258040F7" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Holotype</td>
|
||
<td id="FA42E56E630FDFC066AE8EAE6E85B847" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td id="74068557C1C386299BE996C9003FC44F" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">Mode</td>
|
||
<td id="3B83F0B67464D47B9ADA2E26B015CD01" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D76D9F0F8673C7DDE0E6DF737063FBB5" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
Head rounded in dorsal view. Snout slightly pointed, its tip rounded, elongated (61-85% of HL) and depressed in front of each nostril on dorsal surface. Anterior margin of snout covered with odontodes, except ventral tip of snout; odontodes of margin of snout similar in size to remaining ones found on head. Odontodes on head
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="05EBD4087063BC6E86630BDEB5B3BE54" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
||
trunk well defined and not forming longitudinal rows; eye small (12-23% of HL), dorsolaterally positioned; iris operculum not present; lips roundish and papillose; papillae uniformly distributed on base of dentary and premaxillary and slightly decreasing distally. Lower lip larger than upper lip; its border fringed; maxillary barbel present; Teeth slender and bicuspid; mesial cusp larger than lateral cusp; premaxillary teeth 15-34. Dentary teeth 14-30.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3FA7577E91E79C1ACE731F7ACF5DAD15" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Dorsal fin ii,6-7; dorsal-fin spinelet short, roughly triangular shaped, locking mechanism non-functional; dorsal-fin origin slightly posterior of vertical through
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="71A2A5721A33AE869000E3F4F8AA9FD5" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" start="start">pelvic-fin</pageBreakToken>
|
||
origin. Anterior portion of compound supraneural-first dorsal-fin proximal radial contacting neural spine of 9th vertebrae (Fig. 2a). Tip of adpressed dorsal-fin rays slightly surpassing end of anal-fin base. Pectoral fin i,5-6; tip of longest pectoral-fin ray almost reaching to middle of adpressed pelvic-fin, when depressed. Pectoral axillary slit not present even in juveniles. Pectoral spine supporting odontodes anteroventrally; pelvic fin i,5; its tip not exceeding anal-fin origin when depressed in both sexes. Pelvic-fin unbranched ray with dermal flap along its dorsal surface in males; anal fin i,5; its tip reaching 7th and 8th plate from its origin; Caudal fin i,14,i; distal margin forked; Adipose-fin absent. Total vertebrae 31 (3 c&s).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="02B032CDC32F770C2D012EA2275CFFFB" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Body covered with bony plates except on ventral part of head, around pectoral and pelvic-fin origin and on dorsal-fin base. Cleithrum and coracoid totally exposed; Arrector fossae partially enclosed by ventral lamina of coracoids. Abdomen entirely covered by plates in adults (about 25.0 mm SL); lateral plate series with elongate and large plates, formed by two lateral plate series, similar in size; median plates formed by four to five irregular plate series reaching anal shield. Lateral side of body entirely covered by plates; mid-dorsal and mid-ventral plates well developed, reaching typical adipose-fin region.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="79ADA3F304A84DCC0CDE66DBDCB6A3F6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Parts of head osteology presented in Fig. 2b. Tip of snout formed by two square rostral plates. Nasal almost rectangular forming anterior medial nostril margin in contact posteriorly with frontals, and anterior and lateral margins contacting pre-nasals. Lateral surface of head formed by three posterior rostrum plates, second one large and triangular shaped. Complete infraorbital plate series, present mesial to posterior rostrum series, composed of five plates; fourth infraorbital expanded ventrally, all associated with latero-sensory canal system; first and second infraorbitals largest and
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="5967122AA462A0D4CF1BA1B07DF3C14E" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" start="start">fifth</pageBreakToken>
|
||
smallest. Large lateronasal plate mesial to second infraorbital, forming anterior distal nostril margin in contact anteriorly with prenasals and posteriorly with prefrontal. Preopercle present just ventral to fifth infraorbital; an elongated bone covered by latero-sensory canal. Subocular cheek plates present ventral to preopercle plate. Top of head composed of compound pterotic-supracleithrum, supraoccipital, prefrontal, frontal, and sphenotic; parieto-supraoccipital bearing fenestrae irregularly distributed and of different sizes and shapes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0737BCDAC8320A5AAB2A4FF0F930C245" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" type="color in life">
|
||
<paragraph id="D155C39BEF02A906B275BB82BBCB0C0F" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">Color in life.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="69DAC61C75C56758E99ED1163F3602A1" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">Pale yellowish ground color. Dorsal surface of head dark brown, except for pale yellowish areas on snout tip. Four dark-brown saddles crossing dorsum, reaching longitudinal dark strip on side of trunk: first at dorsal-fin origin, second below dorsal-fin base, third typically at adipose-fin region, and fourth at end of caudal peduncle. Caudal-fin black, with small hyaline circular area on each lobe, tip of lobes hyaline; some specimens with caudal-fin lobe entirely dark (Fig. 3).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6B7986DB8D6D1F1D6DF0F327B143D70D" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<paragraph id="BCECEDB1C6C2C5F51C07D3517CD8ED77" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E813073499420FF86CA88EFDB823E7A0" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos capetinga" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capetinga">Rhinolekos capetinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
, live specimen, MZUSP 116102, holotype, male, 37.5 mm SL, rio Tocantins basin,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2D4EA4BD7D690D036A4BAE081598502E" originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
|
||
State, Brazil. Photo: FF Roxo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="771516D3CD1DC7C4CB95E95205D60B67" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" type="color in alcohol">
|
||
<paragraph id="4799143D2D745C4A029F4ED0252D6B01" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">Color in alcohol.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9516FC81449CEC3EF8994E28F07BCA28" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">Similar pattern described for living specimens, but with ground color dark brown (Fig. 1).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="875A3FF29D1673BDDE91A5F232D87FBE" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" type="sexual dimorphism">
|
||
<paragraph id="56ED1A766E994DDD5D632A6CA2A12E25" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">Sexual dimorphism.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35CE8D823085DBE2983C90C72F42C668" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">Adult males are distinguished by having a papilla at the urogenital opening (vs. papilla absent in females), and by an unbranched pectoral- and pelvic-fin ray supporting a dermal flap on their proximal dorsal surface in males.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28EB1BF7F450B7970241E2C6A17EE4F5" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="674664C46CE25DB03C7457B1132214F1" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="13D5F967C7E57D4670CE8F9C0334C717" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
|
||
The specific name capetinga from the Tupi-guarani dialect is in reference to the old and unused name of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="854297A1EEDBE36D5A7096E8D2FFF6C1" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7B4E5CD221436369471CB3903C4F96D6" originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="66FB1DC29D343D87AB4C732E5BD54D31" originalValue="D´Aliança">D'Alianca</normalizedToken>
|
||
municipality. The name
|
||
<normalizedToken id="776F57F9E06BC306C01F34CA7D0087FD" originalValue="«capetinga»">"capetinga"</normalizedToken>
|
||
means white, or clear water. A noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="67100D3BBE0F5962DF836E000B900933" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D34DAA07F53E9A0938510AC7CFC4B2D" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3EDAEF6017A6E87333A00566AFBEA9" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94972E4E6C5031332242F5A0CE4E1E38" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos capetinga" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capetinga">Rhinolekos capetinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from two localities at the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1FFF076EE11C7265AD1DFCDAB502493E" originalValue="córrego">corrego</normalizedToken>
|
||
da Branca and one locality at the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="097346A22D2903009FB6073911E336E2" originalValue="córrego">corrego</normalizedToken>
|
||
Roncador, all drainages of the rio Tocantizinho, rio Tocantins basin (Fig. 4a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2FAA34E27B2A13BCA6566D1D79C2D492" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<paragraph id="C8A248EC92FE0A43CC7BE03636AF0958" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
|
||
Figure 4. a Map showing the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4403A17187CEE3D9393822CC5B2EC9A5" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos capetinga" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capetinga">Rhinolekos capetinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Type locality at
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1CFC81A28A4FDCC8FEF6F263F50A055E" originalValue="córrego">corrego</normalizedToken>
|
||
da Branca, green star -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="22AB7D566B7ACAB72C2852B4C643D8CE" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.896444">14°53'47.2"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2639870C2E4E99A058C75710B6662786" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-47.58289">47°34'58.4"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. Paratype localities at
|
||
<normalizedToken id="86EC907C55DCE964A3352F1B2BE80125" originalValue="córrego">corrego</normalizedToken>
|
||
da Branca, red star -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="27581DAA9F9175DDDB344F8EB7965C20" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.950444">14°57'01.6"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="80DD31A3AE22F1D8763EB19848767E60" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-47.599167">47°35'57.0"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, and at
|
||
<normalizedToken id="03E5060EB18E615B4F8BE34D69B580F7" originalValue="córrego">corrego</normalizedToken>
|
||
Roncador, pink star -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E6039948AEC9E4BCB3F90EBD89C480EF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.730916">14°43'51.3"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4D73F3F449BFE1A1680342B1BCB9A5F2" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-47.542778">47°32'34.0"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
b Habitat and submerged vegetation where the specimens were found in type locality of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A4E0EE407C5779B48A07E156625252CA" originalValue="córrego">corrego</normalizedToken>
|
||
da Branca,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F80BF20E0B1F0CCC8FFE4C8F4EDA702A" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.896444">14°53'47.2"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E84BDEDC3B50FBFB8741507DB8366DB8" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-47.58289">47°34'58.4"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. Photo: LH Roxo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0B1B3B504690A4F1F536E898A5DEC380" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="0230A24D8460F31109C513FF357369A7" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20A8D594E89CBC0E78AF2EC3E8AB2768" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C81A122D4C7021B817B7FE07EB73A2C6" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos capetinga" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capetinga">Rhinolekos capetinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected on flat areas of the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B221145DEF3D4E6BA7E603DEAD71A2AF" originalValue="córrego">corrego</normalizedToken>
|
||
da Branca and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8083EFA643BA27DD13207FBB2E1777D9" originalValue="córrego">corrego</normalizedToken>
|
||
Roncador, rio Tocantins basin, in places of shallow clear waters, about 1 m depth and median to fast current flow. The fishes captured were associated with the vegetation that covers the bottom and the border of the headwaters (Fig. 4b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="3EDB1E6FA21A7168F4CAD1F6F772DC7B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" type="phylogenetic and time calibrated tree">
|
||
<paragraph id="1FFDC2F34610B6689B8251AD5CF51C60" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">Phylogenetic and time calibrated tree</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0352C012E075C2590E8E8E50BE8AAC3B" pageId="8" pageNumber="117">
|
||
Partial sequences of the three mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA, COI, Cytb) and one nuclear gene (F-reticulon 4) were obtained from GenBank (Suppl. material 3 - Table S1) (same data available in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FCC827D268251A3D7D28ED78990268E0" author="Roxo, FF" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" title="Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of the Armored Neotropical Catfish Subfamilies Hypoptopomatinae, Neoplecostominae and Otothyrinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)." url="10.1371/journal.pone.0105564" volume="9" year="2014 a">Roxo et al. 2014a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The combined sequence data resulted in a matrix of 4,500 base pairs. This matrix was used to perform all phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses. Bayesian and ML phylogenetic analyses resulted in very similar topologies (Suppl. material 1 - Fig. S1). Our results illustrate the same phylogenetic relationship of Roxo et al. (2014) that the clades
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C56BAB217A8C7A4286106FE819D37BC9" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Hypoptopomatinae">Hypoptopomatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5BF9985144467ECC1F48096A6950232" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Neoplecostominae">Neoplecostominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FAB7128EF32561AD184780F60C798ED0" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Otothyrinae">Otothyrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are monophyletic with strong statistical support (BS = 96, P = 0.99 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3D0E847EC3FFE5A7105F6FFFEB42788" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Hypoptopomatinae">Hypoptopomatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; BS = 99, P = 1.00 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9E869D48F175347F5A7919F1A324C02" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Neoplecostominae">Neoplecostominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; BS = 96, P = 0.99 with BI for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C87CACA0D8E373E4DA8615320BEDDE2" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Otothyrinae">Otothyrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C2B3F8960CD8A7CE81565C3112FAE06" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos capetinga" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capetinga">Rhinolekos capetinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed sister group to the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1947F1C74C5C7868E62892233885BF2D" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos garavelloi" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garavelloi">Rhinolekos garavelloi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and both species formed sister group to the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="20794B957345E343C20899200D4462A0" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos britskii" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="britskii">Rhinolekos britskii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="30D8D4887E2D8FBD0E5023D452609E1C" pageId="9" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="7BFF7F3F3C4273BF6C1F582D2E803878" pageId="9" pageNumber="118" start="start">Our</pageBreakToken>
|
||
time calibrated phylogeny and the ancestral area reconstruction (Suppl. material 2 - Fig. S2; Fig. 5) suggested that the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ED46F1F431508F495827679ABC10931" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolekos</taxonomicName>
|
||
originated in the upper rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BA77D5D642A9BB0DCE48EC2CE5A5FE69" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
basin about 17.5 Mya (9.6-27.9 Mya 95% HPD) and the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AAEC271CDC157D90D5C03A1628D1AFDB" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos capetinga" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capetinga">Rhinolekos capetinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
reached the area D (Amazon and Orinoco basins) from drainages of the rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4992DAD0FCC70B1E95A715055454E056" originalValue="Paranaíba">Paranaiba</normalizedToken>
|
||
about 6.3 Mya (4.1-13.9 Mya 95% HPD) at the end of Miocene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FC973C00ACD842CE054EEEECC24224AE" pageId="9" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<paragraph id="21F0AFE0E4A7CBF90AD03D61CF81F680" pageId="9" pageNumber="118">
|
||
Figure 5. Biogeographic distribution and time-calibrated phylogenetic tree of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4502600E441FCF03268A8452532420BE" family="Loricariidae" genus="Microlepidogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microlepidogaster" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microlepidogaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA71B3C0544E65E441F5C462E2901D68" family="Loricariidae" genus="Rhinolekos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinolekos" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinolekos</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, based on three mitochondrial (16SrRNA, COI, Cytb) and one nuclear marker (F-reticulon 4), modified from figure 7 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="94F6796B90F7F3F75554ED47AF9F71DF" author="Roxo, FF" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" title="Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of the Armored Neotropical Catfish Subfamilies Hypoptopomatinae, Neoplecostominae and Otothyrinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)." url="10.1371/journal.pone.0105564" volume="9" year="2014 a">Roxo et al. (2014a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The map colorations indicate distinct biogeographic regions according to classification available in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0B705AB50226EBE80D2EA9033F6D186" author="Roxo, FF" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" title="Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of the Armored Neotropical Catfish Subfamilies Hypoptopomatinae, Neoplecostominae and Otothyrinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)." url="10.1371/journal.pone.0105564" volume="9" year="2014 a">Roxo et al. (2014a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Green - Coastal drainages (A); Red - upper rio
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FA152754CE4DAC3DFF6E782AF10BA65F" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
basin (B); Purple - Paraguay, Lower
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CAA5171892D9947DEDA2D004079A0638" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Uruguay basins (C); Blue - Amazon basin (D); Yellow -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="68ABEEFA421F726F632EF0537A36FC85" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Francisco basin (E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |