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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7784423" ID-ZooBank="69D47660-62BF-4E0F-A8D1-B9B27A0051FA" approvalRequired="6" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="4" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="2" checkinTime="1680164892272" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sarkar, Ankita, Banerjee, Paramita, Sinha, Shuvra Kanti &amp; Mazumdar, Abhijit" docDate="2023" docId="380FA045FF84FF80FF1AF1A7FA8493A6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5258.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5258 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Culicoides isoregalis Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="412" masterDocId="C436D83DFF81FF87FF8DF46DFB66906F" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Indian species of the Aterinervis group of Culicoides Latreille Subgenus Hoffmania Fox (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="428" masterPageNumber="405" pageNumber="410" updateTime="1680165407148" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Indian species of the Aterinervis group of Culicoides Latreille Subgenus Hoffmania Fox (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Sarkar, Ankita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Banerjee, Paramita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Sinha, Shuvra Kanti</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Sreegopal Banerjee College, Bagati, Mogra, Hooghly, 712148, West Bengal, India. suvrosinha @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2408 - 7441</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Mazumdar, Abhijit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-03-30</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784451" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7784451" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:380FA045FF84FF80FF1AF1A7FA8493A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/380FA045FF84FF80FF1AF1A7FA8493A6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="412" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">
<subSubSection box="[151,719,1482,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,719,1482,1544]" box="[151,719,1482,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,719,1482,1509]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="410" reason="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta" authorityName="Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta" box="[151,719,1482,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isoregalis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,719,1482,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,402,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">Culicoides isoregalis</emphasis>
Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,262,1518,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,719,1482,1544]" box="[151,262,1518,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,255,1518,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1762,1788]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,200,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1436,179,1738]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Culicoides isoregalis. a) head; b) mandibular teeth; c) maxillary palp; d) hind tibial spines; e) mid tarsis; f) wing; g) spermathecae with ring; h) male genitalia and i) paramere" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784433/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">Fig 3ai</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="410" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1436,1587,1641]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="5" pageNumber="410">
<taxonomicName authority="Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta" authorityName="Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta" box="[151,616,1587,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isoregalis">
<emphasis box="[151,364,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">Culicoides isoregalis</emphasis>
Majumdar &amp; Das Gupta
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis box="[625,645,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Majumdar, B. C. &amp; Das Gupta, S. K. &amp; Gangopadhyay, L." box="[651,1156,1587,1611]" page="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="410" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation author="Majumdar, B. C. &amp; Das Gupta, S. K. &amp; Gangopadhyay, L." box="[651,1156,1587,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410" pagination="27 - 34" refId="ref11546" refString="Majumdar, B. C., Das Gupta, S. K. &amp; Gangopadhyay, L. (1997) Some new species of Hoffmania Fox subgenus of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Darjeeling. Journal of Bengal Natural History Society, 16, 27 - 34." type="journal article" year="1997">Majumdar, Das Gupta &amp; Gangopadhyay 1997: 28</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Majumdar, B. C." box="[1166,1432,1587,1611]" page="143" pageId="5" pageNumber="410" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation author="Majumdar, B. C." box="[1166,1432,1587,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410" refId="ref11504" refString="Majumdar, B. C. (1972) Studies on Systematics and distribution of Culicoides midges (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) of Eastern India. Ph. D. Thesis, The University of Calcutta, Calcutta, 263 pp." type="book" year="1972">Majumdar 1972: 143147</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Nandi, M." box="[199,395,1617,1641]" page="88" pageId="5" pageNumber="410" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation author="Nandi, M." box="[199,395,1617,1641]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410" refId="ref11759" refString="Nandi, M. (2014) Revision of Indian species of the genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Ph. D. Thesis, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, 325 pp." type="book" year="2014">Nandi 2014: 8890</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="410" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1687,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,386,1687,1713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus box="[395,499,1687,1713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount box="[519,559,1688,1714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
), Darjeeling Govt. College, August, 1968, Coll. P.K. Chaudhuri;
<typeStatus box="[1306,1404,1687,1713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">Allotype</typeStatus>
(1 ♁), Darjeeling Govt. College, May, 1968, Coll. P.K. Chaudhuri.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="412" pageId="5" pageNumber="410" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1687,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,1759,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The only species in the Aterinervis group with the following suite of characters: Poststigmatic pale spot not extending posteriorly to touch but not cross vein M
<subScript attach="left" box="[818,826,1814,1828]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">1</subScript>
; distal pale spot in cell m
<subScript attach="left" box="[1112,1120,1814,1828]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">1</subScript>
narrow, elongate; triangular pale spot in cell cua
<subScript attach="left" box="[375,383,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">1</subScript>
; anal cell with elongate distal pale spot; posterior margin of tergum IX ending just before the apex of the gonocoxite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1687,2038]" box="[199,293,1904,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,293,1904,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">Female.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1687,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,263,1940,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[277,485,1939,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1762,1788]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,200,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1436,179,1738]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Culicoides isoregalis. a) head; b) mandibular teeth; c) maxillary palp; d) hind tibial spines; e) mid tarsis; f) wing; g) spermathecae with ring; h) male genitalia and i) paramere" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784433/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="410">Figs. 3a, 3b and 3c</figureCitation>
). Antenna with SCo on flagellomeres 1, 913. Third palpal segment slender, medially swollen bearing capitate sensilla without sensory pit; second segment slender, first, fourth, fifth segments short, stout.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784433" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7784433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784433/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="411" startId="6.[151,260,1762,1788]" targetBox="[174,1415,200,1706]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,1762,1825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,291,1762,1788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="411">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[300,547,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="411">
<taxonomicName box="[300,543,1762,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isoregalis">Culicoides isoregalis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
a) head; b) mandibular teeth; c) maxillary palp; d) hind tibial spines; e) mid tarsis; f) wing; g) spermathecae with ring; h) male genitalia and i) paramere
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,1870,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,295,1870,1896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="411">Thorax.</emphasis>
Scutum pale brown; lateral margin dark brown with two dark lateral, pale median streaks; postscutellum dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,1870,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,255,1942,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="411">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[273,455,1942,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1762,1788]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,200,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1436,179,1738]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Culicoides isoregalis. a) head; b) mandibular teeth; c) maxillary palp; d) hind tibial spines; e) mid tarsis; f) wing; g) spermathecae with ring; h) male genitalia and i) paramere" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784433/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="411">Figs. 3d and 3e</figureCitation>
). Brownish; fore femora with pale apical and mid femora with basal and apical pale bands, fore and mid tibiae with basal pale bands, hind femora with pale basal bands, hind tibia with pale basal and apical bands; hind tibial comb with 6 spines, second longest; spur tip frayed; claws equal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,264,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[280,358,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1762,1788]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,200,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1436,179,1738]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Culicoides isoregalis. a) head; b) mandibular teeth; c) maxillary palp; d) hind tibial spines; e) mid tarsis; f) wing; g) spermathecae with ring; h) male genitalia and i) paramere" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784433/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
). Pale spot over r-m crossvein crossing vein M; distal portion of 2
<superScript attach="left" box="[1111,1127,150,164]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">nd</superScript>
radial cell included in pale triangular poststigmatic pale spot that does not extend to vein M
<subScript attach="left" box="[902,910,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">1</subScript>
; apical pale spot in cell r
<subScript attach="left" box="[1210,1218,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">3</subScript>
not reaching wing margin; cell m
<subScript attach="left" box="[312,320,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">1</subScript>
with two pale spots, distal one elongate, not reaching wing margin; distal pale spot in cell m
<subScript attach="left" box="[1339,1347,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">2</subScript>
broadly reaching wing margin; triangular pale spot in cell cua
<subScript attach="left" box="[747,755,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">1</subScript>
expanded at wing margin; dark spot parallel with vein CuA
<subScript attach="left" box="[1420,1428,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">2</subScript>
; dark marking in anal angle; distal pale spot broadly tapering to posterior wing margin. Macrotrichia numerous on distal part of the wing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,316,366,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[334,418,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1762,1788]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,200,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1436,179,1738]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Culicoides isoregalis. a) head; b) mandibular teeth; c) maxillary palp; d) hind tibial spines; e) mid tarsis; f) wing; g) spermathecae with ring; h) male genitalia and i) paramere" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784433/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">
Fig.
<quantity box="[389,418,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="412" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Dark streaks on terga; spermatheca two, subequal, ovoid, well developed, brown with sclerotized, oblique necks; rudimentary spermatheca present; small ring present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[199,808,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,267,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">Male.</emphasis>
Similar to female with usual sexual differences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,474,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[329,511,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1762,1788]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,200,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[151,1436,179,1738]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Culicoides isoregalis. a) head; b) mandibular teeth; c) maxillary palp; d) hind tibial spines; e) mid tarsis; f) wing; g) spermathecae with ring; h) male genitalia and i) paramere" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784433/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">Figs. 3h and 3i</figureCitation>
). Caudomedian excavation shallow, U shaped. Tergum IX without apicolateral processes, posterior margin of tergum IX ending before the apex of the gonocoxite; gonocoxite with well developed dorsal root; gonostylus elongate, medially curved with blunt tip. Aedeagus V shaped with small, bent basal arms, stem broad at basal half, narrow end. Parameres with stout basal arms, stem broad basally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[199,455,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,338,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">Immatures.</emphasis>
Unknown
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[199,497,654,681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,380,654,681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">Larval habitat.</emphasis>
Unknown
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,716,690,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[199,716,690,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,690,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[359,417,691,717]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">India</collectingCountry>
(Darjeeling,
<collectingRegion box="[565,708,691,717]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="412" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,308,727,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName box="[325,469,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isoregalis">
<emphasis box="[325,469,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">C. isoregalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName box="[625,777,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subregalis">
<emphasis box="[625,777,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">C. subregalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in possessing dark area at anal angle, pale spot over r-m crossvein narrow. It differs as it possesses an elongate distal pale spot in cell m
<subScript attach="left" box="[1058,1066,781,795]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">1</subScript>
, triangular pale spot in cell cua
<subScript attach="left" box="[1428,1436,781,795]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">1</subScript>
and a pale brown scutum. These two species share many similarities and have overlapping morphometric data so may in fact be a single, variable species but this requires further validation to confirm.
<taxonomicName box="[1133,1243,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">
<emphasis box="[1133,1243,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">C. regalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar to
<taxonomicName box="[151,293,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="412" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isoregalis">
<emphasis box="[151,293,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">C. isoregalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs in antennal ratio, palpal ratio and in the number of mandibular teeth (
<tableCitation box="[1199,1283,871,897]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,244,771,799]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric characters of female specimens of Indian species belonging to the Aterinervis group of subgenus Hoffmania" pageId="7" pageNumber="412">Table 1</tableCitation>
), presence of pale spot over r-m crossvein broad, pale area of wing base extending to posterior wing margin of anal cell and distal pale spot of anal cell bilobed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>