201 lines
21 KiB
XML
201 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EB431833B344C1B4CC72392CA8A98A60">New insights into the identities of the elasmobranch fauna of Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1A36D139BA9718452E8BDAD621BAAF04">Jockusch, Elizabeth L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D2AD294EB3DE3400F17AFF57EEC6743">Ebert, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F47A6BD76CC39AEFC70E9FEB2D78864E">Caira, Janine N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7BC10274F31D58DB1B8E6B7829951A81">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7DE2B7F6EAC6CA1D6F1C8F251BF453DC">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="412696D553FC50025943247C04B20A55">2019-04-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="19B233E363AF92968F63232D4A243933">4585</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8667261F6CEAF2EE82EF6513E3EE2EFC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="362D2832DA233E450AC1FCBCFE7EFA5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5945461" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156191995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5945461" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:362D2832DA233E450AC1FCBCFE7EFA5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/362D2832DA233E450AC1FCBCFE7EFA5D" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
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<subSubSection id="F69ECAAFDA233E450AC1FCBCFE6DFCD6" box="[151,483,829,855]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA233E450AC1FCBCFE6DFCD6" blockId="25.[151,483,829,888]" box="[151,483,829,855]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
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<heading id="E5732E48DA233E450AC1FCBCFE6DFCD6" bold="true" box="[151,483,829,855]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA233E450AC1FCBCFE6DFCD6" authority="(Cantor)" baseAuthorityName="Cantor" box="[151,483,829,855]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Sphyrnidae" genus="Eusphyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA233E450AC1FCBCFE6DFCD6" bold="true" box="[151,483,829,855]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA233E450AC1FCBCFEE0FCD6" bold="true" box="[151,366,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Eusphyra laticeps</emphasis>
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(Cantor)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F69ECAAFDA233E450AC1FCDEFE7EFA5D" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA233E450AC1FCDEFEECFCF9" blockId="25.[151,483,829,888]" box="[151,354,863,888]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
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(
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<figureCitation id="26BF85A1DA233E450AC9FCDEFF72FCF9" box="[159,252,863,888]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[176,1416,200,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[162,1426,193,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Neighbor-Joining trees of p-distances based on 1,044 bp of aligned NADH2 sequence data for individual selachian genera or groups of genera. Taxon names are followed by country, host specimen number (in parentheses), and GenBank number. Outgroup taxa used in each analysis were omitted from the individual trees. Scale bar values indicate substitutions per site. Specimens deposited in the Blue Resources Trust Ichthyology Collection are indicted by stars (see text for details). A. Carcharhinus and close relatives (Carcharhinidae). B. Rhizoprionodon (Carcharhinidae). C. Galeocerdidae. D. Hemigaleidae. E. Pseudotriakidae. F. Sphyrnidae. G. Iago (Triakidae)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637244/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Figs. 4F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="26BF85A1DA233E450B5EFCDEFEACFCF9" box="[264,290,863,888]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[163,1427,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Eusphyra laticeps (Sphyrnidae) (A–C) and Iago cf. omanensis 1 (Triakidae) (D–G). A. Lateral view of mature male (SL-3). B. Dorsal view of head of mature male (SL-3). C. Ventral view of head of mature male (SL-3). D. Lateral view of female (SL-79; BRT-I 0019). E. Ventral view of head of female (SL-79; BRT-I 0019). F. Lateral view of mature male (SL-80; BRT-I 0020). G. Ventral view of head of mature male (SL-80; BRT-I 0020)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637268/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">16</figureCitation>
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A–C)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA233E450AC1FC29FE81FAF1" blockId="25.[151,1437,935,1501]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
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One of the most intriguing specimens (SL-3) examined in
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<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA233E45097EFC26FC18FC41" box="[808,918,935,960]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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was caught in the Gulf of Mannar and landed at Palkanththura in the
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<collectingRegion id="7C4057C6DA233E450BC8FC4DFD3CFC64" box="[414,690,972,997]" country="Sri Lanka" name="North Western" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">North Western Province</collectingRegion>
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. The distinctive narrow blades of its wing-shaped head seemed to unambiguously confirm its identity as
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA233E450832FC6EFC17FB89" authority="(Cuvier)" authorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[612,921,1007,1032]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Sphyrnidae" genus="Eusphyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blochii">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA233E450832FC6EFCA4FB89" box="[612,810,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Eusphyra blochii</emphasis>
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(Cuvier)
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, it was found to differ from our reference specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA233E450BF2FB94FD98FBAC" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[420,534,1044,1069]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Sphyrnidae" genus="Eusphyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blochii">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA233E450BF2FB94FD98FBAC" box="[420,534,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">E. blochii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(AU-83;
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<accessionNumber id="A1D704C7DA233E4508DAFB95FC8EFBAC" box="[652,768,1044,1069]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ519152" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">JQ519152</accessionNumber>
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) from
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<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA233E450901FB95FC30FBAC" box="[855,958,1044,1069]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Australia</collectingCountry>
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by 46 bp. This substantial difference in NADH2 sequence suggests that the form from
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<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA233E450893FBB6FCB9FBD1" box="[709,823,1079,1104]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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may represent a second species of winghead shark. Although generally considered a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA233E4508CCFBDCFC86FBF4" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[666,776,1116,1141]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Sphyrnidae" genus="Eusphyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blochii">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA233E4508CCFBDCFC86FBF4" box="[666,776,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">E. blochii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA233E450940FBDDFC6EFBF4" box="[790,992,1116,1141]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Sphyrnidae" genus="Eusphyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA233E450940FBDDFC6EFBF4" box="[790,992,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Eusphyra laticeps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a candidate name for the Sri Lankan form. This species was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA233E450864FB01FD5FFB19" author="Cantor" box="[562,721,1152,1176]" firstAuthor="Cantor" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" pagination="315 - 320" refId="ref16942" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1837) Description of new species of Zygaena. Calcutta Medical and Physical Society. Quarterly. Article 10, 315 - 320." type="journal article" year="1837">Cantor (1837)</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA233E4508ADFB00FB80FB19" authority="Cantor" authorityName="Cantor" authorityYear="1837" box="[763,1038,1151,1176]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Sphyrnidae" genus="Zygaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA233E4508ADFB00FC37FB19" box="[763,953,1151,1176]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Zygaena laticeps</emphasis>
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Cantor
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</taxonomicName>
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, from the Bay of Bengal and, based on Cantor’s description, clearly exhibits the extremely expanded head that is diagnostic of
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA233E450EE6FB24FAB6FB3C" box="[1200,1336,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">E. blochii—</emphasis>
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a feature also seen in the specimen from
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<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA233E450BA3FB46FDE8FB61" box="[501,614,1223,1248]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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. The potential existence of two species with this characteristic head raises an interesting question regarding the identity of
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA233E4508EEFB6CFCA8FA84" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[696,806,1260,1285]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Sphyrnidae" genus="Eusphyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blochii">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA233E4508EEFB6CFCA8FA84" box="[696,806,1260,1285]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">E. blochii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for which the
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<typeStatus id="613F2786DA233E45099BFB6CFC73FA84" box="[973,1021,1261,1285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">type</typeStatus>
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locality is unknown (
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<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA233E450EA2FB6DFA1EFA84" author="Gilbert" box="[1268,1424,1260,1285]" firstAuthor="Gilbert" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref18289" refString="Gilbert, C. R. (1967) A revision of the hammerhead sharks (family Sphyrnidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 119, 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.119 - 3539.1" type="journal article" year="1967">Gilbert, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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), but which is currently considered to be distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific (
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<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA233E450E3AFA91FABAFAA9" author="Compagno" box="[1132,1332,1296,1320]" firstAuthor="Compagno" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" refId="ref17157" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984) FAO Species Catalogue. Fol. 4. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lanniformes. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, FAO, Rome, Italy, 249 pp." type="book" year="1984">Compagno, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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). Clearly examination of additional specimens and comparison with specimens from other localities in the Indo-West Pacific is in order.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA233E450A91FAFCFE7EFA5D" blockId="25.[151,1437,935,1501]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
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It seems likely that this is the taxon in
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<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA233E4508C3FAFDFC88FA14" box="[661,774,1404,1429]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA233E4509E3FAFDFB4FFA14" authority="Cuvier" authorityName="Cuvier" box="[949,1217,1404,1429]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Sphyrnidae" genus="Sphyrna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blochii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA233E4509E3FAFDFBE5FA14" box="[949,1131,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Sphyrna blochii</emphasis>
|
||
Cuvier
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA233E450EA5FAFDFF6FFA39" author="Goonewardene" firstAuthor="Goonewardene" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref18337" refString="Goonewardene, T. P. (1971) The hammerhead sharks in Ceylon Seas (family Sphyrnidae). Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Station, Ceylon, 22, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1971">Goonewardene (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA233E450B4EFA21FE45FA39" author="De Silva" box="[280,459,1439,1464]" firstAuthor="De Silva" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" pagination="225 - 232" refId="ref17467" refString="De Silva, R. I. (1977) A guide to some sharks of Sri Lanka. Loris, 14, 225 - 232." type="journal article" year="1977">De Silva (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA233E450876FA20FD03FA39" box="[544,653,1439,1464]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Sphyrnidae" genus="Sphyrna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blochii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA233E450876FA20FD03FA39" box="[544,653,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">E. blochii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA233E4508E1FA21FCEFFA39" author="De Silva" box="[695,865,1439,1464]" firstAuthor="De Silva" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" pagination="56 - 66" refId="ref17520" refString="De Silva, R. I. (1984 - 1985) The sharks of Sri Lanka. A key to the different species and a preliminary checklist. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences), 17 - 18, 56 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1984">
|
||
De Silva (
|
||
<date id="CA3ABFE4DA233E450971FA1EFCEFFA39" box="[807,865,1439,1464]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" value="1984" valueMax="1985">1984</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1985, 2006, 2015),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA233E450E1CFA21FACAFA39" author="De Bruin" box="[1098,1348,1439,1464]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="De Bruin" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" refId="ref17417" refString="De Bruin, G. H. P., Russell, B. C. & Bogusch, A. (1995) FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fisheries Purposes. The Marine Fishery Resources of Sri Lanka. FAO, Rome, Italy, 400 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
De Bruin
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA233E450EEEFA20FB7EFA39" box="[1208,1264,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA233E450F06FA21FEACFA5D" author="Moron" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Moron" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" pagination="142 - 157" refId="ref19181" refString="Moron, J., Bertrand, B. & Last, P. (1998) A check-list of sharks and rays of western Sri Lanka. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 40, 142 - 157." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Morón
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA233E450AC1FA44FF41FA5C" box="[151,207,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA233E450B08FA45FE62FA5D" author="Joseph" box="[350,492,1476,1501]" firstAuthor="Joseph" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" pagination="339 - 366" refId="ref18550" refString="Joseph, L. (1999) Management of shark fisheries in Sri Lanka. In: Shotton, R. (Ed.), Case Studies of the Management of Elasmobranch Fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 3780, Rome, Italy, pp. 339 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1999">Joseph 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |