198 lines
18 KiB
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198 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772" ID-GBIF-Dataset="13edfb51-0729-4496-abe6-ea4a7e54dabb" ID-PMC="PMC7253502" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-148-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="74EE1B73C5A55DA8BAEF8A10D90AAC81" ID-PubMed="32508506" ModsDocID="1314-2003-148-1" checkinTime="1590026307637" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Prasanna, Naibi Shrungeshwara & Gowda, Vinita" docDate="2020" docId="276A9F045A385811B2A96465D47C0D08" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 148: 1-19" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 148" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772" docTitle="Didymocarpus parryorum C. E. C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1928 (4): 142. 1928" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="74EE1B73C5A55DA8BAEF8A10D90AAC81" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="74EE1B73C5A55DA8BAEF8A10D90AAC81" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of four narrow endemic Didymocarpus species (Gesneriaceae) from Mizoram, India, with revised species descriptions and lectotypifications" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139798210" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rediscovery of four narrow endemic Didymocarpus species (Gesneriaceae) from Mizoram, India, with revised species descriptions and lectotypifications</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prasanna, Naibi Shrungeshwara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, 462066, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gowda, Vinita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, 462066, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-0014</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gowdav@iiserb.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>148</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>19</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-148-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">74EE1B73C5A55DA8BAEF8A10D90AAC81</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164244852" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:276A9F045A385811B2A96465D47C0D08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/276A9F045A385811B2A96465D47C0D08" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="276A9F04-5A38-5811-B2A9-6465D47C0D08" authority="C. E. C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1928 (4): 142. 1928." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Didymocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Didymocarpus parryorum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parryorum">Didymocarpus parryorum C.E.C.Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1928(4): 142. 1928.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Didymocarpus parryorum C. E. C. Fisch. A habitat B habit C complete plant with inflorescence D inflorescence E floral dissection from left to right: primary bracteoles (above), secondary bracteoles (below), corolla tube, calyx with gynoecium, open floral tube with anther (fusion of anther lost in dissection of flower) F mature fruit G glands on the lower surface of leaves. Photographs by NSP." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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, Suppl. material 1: Fig. S1C, E
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="lectotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lectotype</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(designated here).</emphasis>
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India. Assam (= Mizoram), Lunglei district, Lushai hills at Sairep, 5000 ft., July 1926, Mrs N.E. Parry 7, K (K000820535!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="lectotypification">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lectotypification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The protologue by Fischer indicates the specimen that was studied for the description of the species as "India. Assam, South Lushai Hills at Sairep, 1700 m. July,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mrs N E.Parry 7</emphasis>
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". During our study we located five different sheets at Kew herbarium having the same collection number and locality as quoted above.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428600000974" author="Hilliard, OM" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="215 - 224" refId="B6" refString="Hilliard, OM, Burtt, BL, 1995. Old World Gesneriaceae. IV. Notes on Didymocarpus and Lysionotus. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 52 (2): 215 - 224, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428600000974" title="Old World Gesneriaceae. IV. Notes on Didymocarpus and Lysionotus." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428600000974" volume="52" year="1995">Hilliard and Burtt (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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noted that
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Parry’s">Parry's</normalizedToken>
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numbers do not refer to individual collections, but instead they refer to unique species that she had recognized in the field.
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<bibRefCitation author="Weber, A" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Biologie der Pflanzen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B21" refString="Weber, A, Burtt, BL, Vitek, E, 2000. Materials for a revision of Didymocarpus (Gesneriaceae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 102 B: 441-475." title="Materials for a revision of Didymocarpus (Gesneriaceae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 102 B: 441 - 475." year="2000">Weber et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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recognized three of these specimens as type material, but failed to designate a lectotype. One of these specimens, with a barcode number K000820535, has the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="collector’s">collector's</normalizedToken>
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original label which mentions 'July 1926' as the collection date. The
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<normalizedToken originalValue="author’s">author's</normalizedToken>
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note on the label matches the note that Fischer has quoted in the protologue: "grows on rocky cliffs, leaves pale-green, silvered when dry, calyx light yellow, corolla orange red". Since this is the only specimen where the collection number, month, and the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="author’s">author's</normalizedToken>
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note matches the protologue, we designate K000820535 as the lectotype here.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Revised description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Terrestrial or epilithic herbs, up to 20 cm tall, total height including inflorescence ca. 25 cm. Rhizome 1-2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-1.0 cm. Stem 3-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.5-8 mm, erect, dark brown to light green, terete, pubescent with eglandular hairs, interspersed with yellowish cruciform pigment glands (in dried specimen). Leaves 1 - 4 pairs, opposite, anisophyllous, decussate, arrangement tufted in close pairs, terminal pair is reduced, exstipulate; petioles 4-9 cm long, light brown to light green, pubescent as on stem, interspersed with yellowish cruciform pigment glands (in dried specimen); lamina 6-12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-10 cm, orbicular to ovate, base cordate to obliquely cordate, apex acute to subobtuse, margins crenate to serrate, dorsal surface dark green, pubescent with eglandular hairs, ventral surface light green, veins pubescent and intervals sparsely pilose, hairs eglandular, abaxial surface is covered with yellow to brownish cruciform pigment glands (in dry specimen); midrib with 6-8 secondary veins in either side, basal 3-4 pairs palmate, sunken above, raised below. Inflorescence 1-4, pedunculate, erect, axillary, pair-flowered dichasial cymes, arising from the axils of the 1-2 uppermost pairs of leaves, cyme with 12-16 flowers; primary bracteoles present, 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4 mm, greenish-yellow, opposite, ovate, apex subacute, glabrous, abaxial surface covered with small cruciform pigment glands, secondary bracteoles yellow, present at the base of each cyme unit, 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3 mm, thick, veins visible in dried specimens; orange flowers contrast against yellow calyces; peduncle 10-25 cm long, up to 2 mm wide, brownish at the base, light green towards apex, pubescent with eglandular hairs, sparsely covered with minute cruciform pigment glands as on bracteoles; pedicel 4-12 mm long, greenish-yellow, glabrous, pigment glands absent. Calyx up to 1 cm long, bright yellow, linear lanceolate, apex acute, lobes 5, free to base, conspicuously veined, glabrous, thick, persistent. Corolla 1.3-2.2 cm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, tubular, tip infundibuliform, glabrous, corolla tube dorsally orange while ventral section of the corolla tube with a light yellow stripe running along the length of the tube, corolla lobes bilabiate, orange, glabrous, orbicular, upper lobes 2, 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2 mm; lower lobes 3, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3 mm, spreading at right angles to the upper lobes, central lobe wider than the 2 lateral lobes. Stamens 2, oblong, glabrous, inserted near the throat of the corolla tube, anthers dorsifixed, coherent by adaxial surfaces; filaments 4-5 mm long, yellowish orange, glabrous; staminodes 2, 2 mm long, linear. Disc up to 1.2 mm, tubular with undulating upper margin, yellowish, glabrous, persistent. Gynoecium ca. 2 cm, ovary greenish yellow, linear, glabrous; style ca. 0.5 cm, glabrous; stigma capitate, green. Capsules 17-24 mm, linear, glabrous, orthocarpic. Seeds minute, ellipsoid, glabrous, muricate.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Didymocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Didymocarpus parryorum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parryorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Didymocarpus parryorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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C.E.C. Fisch.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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habitat
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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complete plant with inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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floral dissection from left to right: primary bracteoles (above), secondary bracteoles (below), corolla tube, calyx with gynoecium, open floral tube with anther (fusion of anther lost in dissection of flower)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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mature fruit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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glands on the lower surface of leaves. Photographs by NSP.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="amendments to protologue">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amendments to protologue.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Upon examining the historical specimens and our fresh collections (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Didymocarpus parryorum C. E. C. Fisch. A habitat B habit C complete plant with inflorescence D inflorescence E floral dissection from left to right: primary bracteoles (above), secondary bracteoles (below), corolla tube, calyx with gynoecium, open floral tube with anther (fusion of anther lost in dissection of flower) F mature fruit G glands on the lower surface of leaves. Photographs by NSP." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412033" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
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) we believe that the indumentum on the stem is better described as pubescent rather than as strigose. Similarly, we describe corolla lobe shape as orbicular and not suborbicular (as mentioned in the protologue).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Differs from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. tristis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tristis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. tristis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Craib in having larger, bright yellow colored bracteoles and sepals respectively (maroon bracteoles and sepals in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. tristis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tristis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. tristis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). In addition,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. parryorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="parryorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. parryorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has orbicular to ovate leaves (oblong to lanceolate in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. tristis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tristis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. tristis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and smaller corolla (1.3-2.2 cm in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. parryorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="parryorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. parryorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 2-2.4 cm in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. tristis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tristis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. tristis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and vernacular name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Historically,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. parryorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="parryorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. parryorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from only two districts (Lunglei and Lawngtlai) of southern Mizoram. We could locate the species only from the type locality (Sairep village in Lunglei district, specimen numbers: VG2018MZ2522, VG2018MZ2528, VG2018MZ2529, VG2018MZ2546). In Sairep, the plant is known as '
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<taxonomicName genus="Chhakzhau" lsidName="Chhakzhau" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chhakzhau</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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' in local Mizo language.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This plant is generally found growing on moist loamy banks in partially shaded tropical wet evergreen forests.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering in July to September, fruiting in August to December.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status and preliminary IUCN assessment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Didymocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Didymocarpus parryorum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parryorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Didymocarpus parryorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is historically known from only two localities in southern Mizoram, India: Lunglei and Lawngtlai districts. It has not been collected for the past 90 years, until this study in 2018, when we found it growing in its type locality. The extant population is restricted to a small patch of less than 10 km2 in a rapidly degrading forest and it has about 500 mature individuals. A village road passes through the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="plant’s">plant's</normalizedToken>
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habitat, further threatening its population. Therefore we propose that the species should be considered as critically endangered (CR) as per the B2ab criteria of IUCN guidelines (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B7" refString="IUCN, 2019. The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 14. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge. http://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 14. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |