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122 lines
15 KiB
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<document id="1826317F0EDCD5281F14550149EDA60F" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ef290f2-f65d-4dfa-afbd-2fbb505860ab" ID-PMC="PMC5904508" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-745-1" ID-PubMed="29670448" ID-ZooBank="16F1AE595650485F9D8C6149E962D461" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-745-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 745" ModsDocTitle="Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)" checkinTime="1521799043702" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moore, Matthew R., Cave, Ronald D. & Branham, Marc A." docDate="2018" docId="04F3F6313AEA7F6A98F2061640B983DD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 745: 1-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 745" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683" docTitle="Cyclocephala Dejean 1821" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="C24FFFFC630B3774FFCFDB4EFFAFAD27" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1701315738437" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A3C19E995CC1F26E4E98C14E0133A4B4">
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<mods:title id="2831B8BF02E027752F4365E989668819">Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D9A0A45AC061FD2ECCF1C9CE4EE07848" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="557CE5C0C155F6483FDC0906BFC3C6C0">Moore, Matthew R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE20441D9E83B3F596905166B96F7D63">Cave, Ronald D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F5609A4DEBD22001F1C146886A227149">Branham, Marc A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="08084B167E5B8A95394B898099FF4662">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E571C697B04472932E135E6B3D9D1D1A">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E4E75AEAC643C604D3D10911C0322DF0">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="5BEEDBB31ABAAB3841D8F49883D9DF23" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F56AF31FCCBE1893B97BA832FE08D499">745</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D0CD87DCD6EA93643225F8EA3ED5F8C1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="32DCDF934E1F3AB08F56E10FA18F4915" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="04F3F6313AEA7F6A98F2061640B983DD" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142479973" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:04F3F6313AEA7F6A98F2061640B983DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/04F3F6313AEA7F6A98F2061640B983DD" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="98691E778FFE145529F1D375EC9487E0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EED3164F84D1139D8974A6F72714B3AE" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="5B8DF6FB8C69ED5364200D3A779515B0" ID-CoL="3XVL" authority="Dejean, 1821" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="94F74A7CEEA26B8B764E6FD4E464BA9B" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="27746B18221AB6739D1C108BA2EA252A" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD3F97D45C0DDFB687768C028C7E7B5C" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="DECF8ADB204E6F3A72FE8935A19AD4B8" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scarabaeus amazonus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonus">Scarabaeus amazonus</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, 1767: 551, subsequent designation by
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<bibRefCitation id="0B888A163DC377E9FD0D77BAFF933C5E" author="Casey, TL" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs on the Coleoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 347" title="A review of the American species of Rutelinae, Dynastinae and Cetoniinae." volume="11" year="1915">Casey (1915)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="074E1F85A2264CA359515FCEA5B4A769" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="valid taxa">
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<paragraph id="095D096108963F6C8A603E0A6E2D3779" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Valid taxa.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0DEA9B537E0B8CE8DB9AAA0EF04F425C" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">359 species and subspecies.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="212AAFB09A93C4E14071EAAB36CCB5B9" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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The speciose genus
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<taxonomicName id="2AFA77298BF97B61ED2495F81691FCAD" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
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contains over 350 taxa distributed throughout the Nearctic and Neotropical realms (Fig. 57).
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<taxonomicName id="1B67062F7A684BB80C7B8F5ECEB00206" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
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contains the only adventive species in
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<taxonomicName id="705BC016CB910F685D0AFD6C0CCA7B7D" lsidName="" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="tribe" tribe="Cyclocephalini">Cyclocephalini</taxonomicName>
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, with
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<taxonomicName id="2F25A8CC5170A68FA1422EA03D2B08A6" lsidName="C. pasadenae" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="pasadenae">C. pasadenae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="DE438E103CECC5B440D7C91FA6B2709A" lsidName="C. signaticollis" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="signaticollis">C. signaticollis</taxonomicName>
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established in Hawaii and Australia, respectively (Carne 1956,
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<bibRefCitation id="C3447808A7A3DAC3CE5CEA7B84BC9E20" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="25 - 30" title="Two additional invasive scarabaeoid beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) in Hawaii." volume="41" year="2009">Jameson et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). The greatest number of
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<taxonomicName id="CBD503D64877A96D6ABE7D96CD25C3CE" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
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species is found in northern South America, but many endemic species occur in Meso- and Central America. Some
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<taxonomicName id="4EF6CCD5F04CCD764DBC27F714EF1CB8" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
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species are extremely geographically widespread. For example,
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<taxonomicName id="C46C47A87FEC1F3B575A2D5AF19F169D" lsidName="C. lunulata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="lunulata">C. lunulata</taxonomicName>
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occurs from the southwestern United States south to Argentina. In contrast, there are also cases of endemism in mainland species of the genus. The pollination mutualist
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<taxonomicName id="C3723547D9B4EC32899549DAC9EDF883" lsidName="C. jalapensis" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="jalapensis">C. jalapensis</taxonomicName>
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occurs only in a narrow band of habitat in eastern Mexico (Veracruz,
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<pageBreakToken id="8D3BC6E9DE37C4B9841FF427AB71117C" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="start">Puebla</pageBreakToken>
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, Oaxaca,
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<normalizedToken id="683EA01845C9D9241650E36AC534502B" originalValue="Querétaro">Queretaro</normalizedToken>
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, and Hidalgo states) where its host plant
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<taxonomicName id="08B809333AB37E1F4CCA985EE21B25FF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Magnolia schiedeana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schiedeana">Magnolia schiedeana</taxonomicName>
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Schltl. is found (
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<bibRefCitation id="C144C6CAC3459F0ABA8AE9D97FAFD7D8" author="Dieringer, G" journalOrPublisher="Southwestern Entomologist" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="309 - 311" title="Notes on the biology of Cyclocephalajalapensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): an endemic of eastern Mexico." volume="19" year="1994">Dieringer and Delgado 1994</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="426D1A855181BE3599A7C7AB8DA5CD5E" author="Dieringer, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="154 - 159" title="Reproductive ecology of Magnoliaschiedeana (Magnoliaceae), a threatened cloud forest tree species in Veracruz, Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2997167" volume="121" year="1994">Dieringer and Espinosa 1994</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D586082D3FBA9C411DF8ACC77FE63D08" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<paragraph id="C8ADC28C795E7794EA280EB726AD00C2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Figure 57. Country-level distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="6FEBB0CBA6FB788E591D042B75DA6961" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
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taxa in the Neotropical and Neartic realms. Numbers indicate number of taxa per country or region.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="03623788D9382FA17617B506D0438FA4" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="133F65EDD8D6AC00C1435739FE29E44F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
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is a difficult genus to diagnose due to its species richness, diversity of forms, and probable non-monophyly. Many of the character descriptions below are complicated by these factors.
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<taxonomicName id="A7E7473A532D5053C02761557E0E00E8" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
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species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: 1) dorsal coloration highly variable; unicolored black, green, or light brown, pronotum in some species cherry-red, light brown species often have complex maculae patterns of the pronotum and elytra; 2) body not anteroposteriorly compressed or dorsoventrally flattened; 3) clypeal apex variable; evenly rounded, parabolic, acute, emarginate, triemarginate, or nearly straight; 4) frons mesad of eyes with or without long, erect setae; 5) frontoclypeal suture complete or incomplete medially; 6) males with anterolateral margin of mandibles weakly toothed or not; 7) mandibular
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<pageBreakToken id="D2E6C0B28B8D91F6A49DAFE08200EBA9" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">molar</pageBreakToken>
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area with rows of circular micropunctures either present or absent; 8) apical margin of mentum weakly emarginated or broadly and deeply emarginated; 9) galea of the maxilla well-developed [with or without teeth] or reduced into a rounded process; 10) galea of the maxilla dorsoventrally flattened or not; 10) galea of maxilla on inner surface variable (not all character states are given here); with 3 fused basal teeth, a free median tooth, and 2 fused apical teeth (3-1-2 arrangement) (in
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<taxonomicName id="7812B84DF06C12EC65D94574F53A7FC1" lsidName="C. amazona" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="amazona">C. amazona</taxonomicName>
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-like species and former
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<taxonomicName id="FC0716B8D1A54360AAF1C11E1029EBA7" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mimeoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimeoma" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mimeoma</taxonomicName>
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, the galea are flattened and the basal tooth is compressed and rotated, giving the appearance of being bidentate with the third tooth shifted dorsally); with 2 fused basal tooth and 2 fused apical teeth (2-0-2 arrangement); with 2 fused basal teeth, 1 middle tooth, and 2 fused apical teeth (2-1-2 arrangement); 11) pronotum at base with incomplete or complete marginal bead; 12) pronotum on anterolateral portions with or without long, erect setae; 13) males with 2 or 3 protibial teeth, females always with 3; 14) protibial spur straight to weakly deflexed or strongly decurved; 15) males with inner protarsal claw enlarged and narrowly cleft at apex or entire at apex; 16) mesocoxae widely separated or nearly touching, contiguous; 17) metatibiae with or without distal, transverse carinae; 18) metacoxae with lateral edge perpendicular to ventral surface or with lateral edge angled underneath the ventral surface; 19) anterior edge of hindwing distal to apical hinge lacking setae and with produced, membranous border or lacking membranous border and with decumbent setae (
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<taxonomicName id="79B39F9E7F3C6F14FD4E2D814E3A60DF" lsidName="C. cribrata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="cribrata">C. cribrata</taxonomicName>
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species-group); 20) vein RA with 2 rows of pegs extending distally nearly to margin of apical hinge.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |