951 lines
136 KiB
XML
951 lines
136 KiB
XML
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<treatment id="03EC879FFF97FFCAAB77AB05FDF214B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909479" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209589420" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7909479" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC879FFF97FFCAAB77AB05FDF214B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC879FFF97FFCAAB77AB05FDF214B6" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AB77AB05FB3810C6" authority="Huertas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Huertas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[888,1171,126,147]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="genus novum" subFamily="Satyrinae" subTribe="Euptychiina" tribe="Satyrini">
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<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AB77AB05FC7C10C7" bold="true" box="[888,983,126,146]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Argentaria</emphasis>
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Huertas & Willmott
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,
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<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC93AB05FAB110C7" bold="true" box="[1180,1306,126,146]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">genus novum</emphasis>
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.
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species
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—
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AC0FABBFFA8C108D" authority="Hewitson, 1862" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1862" box="[1024,1319,196,216]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itonis">
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Euptychia itonis
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF97FFE8AC9CABBFFA8C108D" author="Hewitson, W. C." box="[1171,1319,196,216]" journalOrPublisher="London: John Van Voorst" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="224" refId="ref38371" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1862) Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies: selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson, Vol. 3. London: John Van Voorst, p. 224." title="Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies: selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson, Vol. 3" type="book chapter" year="1862">Hewitson, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, by present designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FF97FFE8AB77AA57FAF21136" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF97FFE8AB77AA57FAF21136" blockId="24.[888,1396,300,355]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AB77AA57FB991115" bold="true" box="[888,1074,300,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Zoobank registration</emphasis>
|
||
: https://zoobank.org/Nomenclatural Acts/F5A5D4DD-82D3-40AA-BD88-978B9A55AB46
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FF97FFE8AB55AAEFFC441746" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF97FFE8AB55AAEFFC441746" blockId="24.[818,1467,404,1949]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AB55AAEFFB0D11FD" bold="true" box="[858,1190,404,424]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Systematic placement and diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8ACBFAAEFFAA011FD" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[1200,1291,404,424]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8ACBFAAEFFAA011FD" box="[1200,1291,404,424]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Argentaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AD1FAAEFFAE311FD" bold="true" box="[1296,1352,404,424]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
is a member of the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AB7AAACCFC76119E" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[885,989,439,459]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AB7AAACCFC76119E" box="[885,989,439,459]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Amphidecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’, in which its monophyly is strongly supported in all datasets (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF97FFE8ABB3AAA2FC4611B8" box="[956,1005,473,493]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FULL</collectionCode>
|
||
dataset, SH-aLRT 100,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF97FFE8ACC6AAA2FB5911B8" box="[1225,1266,473,493]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">UFB</collectionCode>
|
||
100,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF97FFE8AD26AAA2FADE11B8" box="[1321,1397,473,493]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[122,218,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[247,1356,112,1785]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6 Phylogeny of the Amphidecta clade based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909405" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909405/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, its relationships to other members of the clade, which include (among described species)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AC23A964FBD71266" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1068,1148,543,563]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC23A964FBD71266" box="[1068,1148,543,563]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AC86A964FB5A1266" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1161,1265,543,563]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC86A964FB5A1266" box="[1161,1265,543,563]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Amphidecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AD0BA964FAF11266" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[1284,1370,543,563]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AD0BA964FAF11266" box="[1284,1370,543,563]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AD67A964FCDB1200" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AD67A964FA1B1266" authorityName="Weymer" authorityYear="1911" box="[1384,1456,543,563]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ordinata">ordinata</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AB3DA93AFCDB1200" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[818,880,577,597]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">insignis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8ABA4A93AFB991200" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[939,1074,577,597]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pharneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8ABA4A93AFB991200" box="[939,1074,577,597]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pharneuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AC4FA93AFB321200" baseAuthorityName="C. Felder & R. Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1088,1177,577,597]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pharneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innocentia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC4FA93AFB321200" box="[1088,1177,577,597]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">innocentia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are not strongly resolved. The new genus can be distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8ACC7A91FFA99122D" box="[1224,1330,612,632]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Euptychiina">Euptychiina</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the combination of the following three characters: (a) the VFW has a postdiscal series of ocelli extending from cell 2A-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF97FFE8ACA1A9C9FB1C12EA" attach="left" box="[1198,1207,690,703]" fontSize="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2</subScript>
|
||
to M
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF97FFE8ACE4A9C9FB5F12EA" attach="left" box="[1259,1268,690,703]" fontSize="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF97FFE8AD00A9C9FAB312EA" attach="left" box="[1295,1304,690,703]" fontSize="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">1</subScript>
|
||
, with these ocelli similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AB79A9B7FC4C12B5" box="[886,999,716,736]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" form="and" genus="Pharneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="innocentia">in form and</taxonomicName>
|
||
elongate parallel to the wing margin, often with either a linear silvery pupil or double pupils in each cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF97FFE8AD31A994FA3C1356" box="[1342,1431,751,771]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[122,218,913,932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,126,868]" captionTargetId="figure-86@25.[154,1433,123,872]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17 Argentaria itonis comb.n. (a) male wing venation; (b and c) male dorsal (b) and ventral (c); (d and e) female dorsal (d) and ventral (e). Scale bars 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909437/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8ABE8A86AFB9F1370" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[999,1076,785,805]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvini" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8ABE8A86AFC5F1370" box="[999,1012,785,805]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8ABF0A86AFB9F1370" box="[1023,1076,785,805]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">salvini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC35A86AFB281370" bold="true" box="[1082,1155,785,805]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, the ocelli are fused into a continuous band and the pupils absent, thus superficially resembling the dark postdiscal band, which surrounds the postdiscal ocelli in other species (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AB53A802FBBB13D8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[860,1040,889,909]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Magneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libye">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AB53A802FBBB13D8" box="[860,1040,889,909]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Magneuptychia libye</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). (b) the VHW has the postdiscal ocellus in cell M
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF97FFE8AB49A8DEFCE413E7" attach="right" box="[838,847,933,946]" fontSize="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF97FFE8AB65A8DEFCD813E7" attach="left" box="[874,883,933,946]" fontSize="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2</subScript>
|
||
elongated parallel to the veins, with the silvery pupil divided into two distinct spots, except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AC50A8C4FB621386" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1119,1225,959,979]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clementia" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC50A8C4FBC71386" box="[1119,1132,959,979]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC79A8C4FB621386" box="[1142,1225,959,979]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">clementia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8ACC0A8C5FAB91387" bold="true" box="[1231,1298,958,978]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">comb.n</emphasis>
|
||
., in which the two spots touch or are partly fused (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF97FFE8AC5DA89AFB0113A0" box="[1106,1194,993,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[122,218,913,932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,126,868]" captionTargetId="figure-86@25.[154,1433,123,872]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17 Argentaria itonis comb.n. (a) male wing venation; (b and c) male dorsal (b) and ventral (c); (d and e) female dorsal (d) and ventral (e). Scale bars 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909437/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). A few other species have an elongated pupil similar to that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AC54AF7FFB6E144D" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1115,1221,1028,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clementia" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC54AF7FFBC3144D" box="[1115,1128,1028,1048]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC7DAF7FFB6E144D" box="[1138,1221,1028,1048]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">clementia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8ACC4AF7FFABF144D" bold="true" box="[1227,1300,1028,1048]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AD6AAF7FFC15146E" baseAuthorityName="Aurivillius" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Splendeutychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purusana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AD6AAF7FFC15146E" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Splendeutychia purusana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8ABCAAF5DFB8B146F" bold="true" box="[965,1056,1062,1082]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">comb.rev.</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AC4FAF5CFB44146E" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1088,1263,1063,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Nhambikuara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furina" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC4FAF5CFB44146E" box="[1088,1263,1063,1083]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nhambikuara furina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8ACF9AF5DFA91146F" bold="true" box="[1270,1338,1062,1082]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">comb.n</emphasis>
|
||
. (c) the VHW tornus in cell 2A-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF97FFE8ABE5AF29FC58140A" attach="left" box="[1002,1011,1106,1119]" fontSize="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2</subScript>
|
||
has several silver streaks, which appear to represent the pupils of ocelli in both the anterior and posterior half of the cell, with the former often being split into two or elongated and pinched in the middle, while the latter is visible as an additional silver spot in some species (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AC2CAFAFFBC014BD" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1059,1131,1236,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itonis" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC2CAFAFFB9B14BD" box="[1059,1072,1236,1256]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC33AFAFFBC014BD" box="[1084,1131,1236,1256]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">itonis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC7EAFAFFB1114BD" bold="true" box="[1137,1210,1236,1256]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF97FFE8ACC5AFAFFA8714BD" box="[1226,1324,1236,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="25.[122,218,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,1025,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-125@25.[154,1434,1021,1680]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 18 Argentaria gen.n. representative species. (a) A. clementia comb.n.; (b) A. clorimena comb.n.; (c) A. kendalli comb.n.; (d) A. pagyris comb.n.; (e) A. quadrina comb.n.; (f) A. salvini comb.n. Scale bars 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909439/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figures 18</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF97FFE8AD54AFAFFAD814BD" box="[1371,1395,1236,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="26.[122,218,1252,1271]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,125,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-397@26.[154,1433,123,1212]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 19 Argentaria itonis comb.n. A-E, male genitalia (dissection KW-21-41), lateral tip abdomen (a), lateral (b) with posterior view juxta, dorsal (c), aedeagus lateral (d) and aedeagus dorsal (e); (f–i), female genitalia (dissection KW-21-60), lateral view exterior tip abdomen (f), ventral view exterior tip abdomen (g), dorsal view interior abdomen (h), corpus bursae perpendicular to signa (i). Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909441/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other genera with an elongate ocellus and silver pupil in cell 2A-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF97FFE8AD6DAF84FAC01559" attach="left" box="[1378,1387,1279,1292]" fontSize="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2</subScript>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AB3DAE62FC0C1578" authorityName="Freitas, Barbosa & Zacca" authorityYear="2018" box="[818,935,1305,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Nhambikuara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AB3DAE62FC0C1578" box="[818,935,1305,1325]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nhambikuara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have only a single pupil that is not as elongate as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AB3DAE47FC261505" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[818,909,1340,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AB3DAE47FC261505" box="[818,909,1340,1360]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Argentaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AB9BAE47FC671505" bold="true" box="[916,972,1340,1360]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
The genitalia of both sexes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF97FFE8ACD6AE47FA991505" box="[1241,1330,1340,1360]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="26.[122,218,1252,1271]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,125,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-397@26.[154,1433,123,1212]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 19 Argentaria itonis comb.n. A-E, male genitalia (dissection KW-21-41), lateral tip abdomen (a), lateral (b) with posterior view juxta, dorsal (c), aedeagus lateral (d) and aedeagus dorsal (e); (f–i), female genitalia (dissection KW-21-60), lateral view exterior tip abdomen (f), ventral view exterior tip abdomen (g), dorsal view interior abdomen (h), corpus bursae perpendicular to signa (i). Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909441/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||
) are described below and are broadly like those of a number of other relatively distantly related euptychiine genera (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AC99AEFAFB6615C0" authorityName="Nakahara, Willmott & Espeland" authorityYear="2019" box="[1174,1229,1409,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amiga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC99AEFAFB6615C0" box="[1174,1229,1409,1429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Amiga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8ACD6AEFAFACB15C0" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1241,1376,1409,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8ACD6AEFAFACB15C0" box="[1241,1376,1409,1429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pseudeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AD63AEFAFA0415C0" box="[1388,1455,1409,1429]" genus="Scriptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AD63AEFAFA0415C0" box="[1388,1455,1409,1429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Scriptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Notable features include, in the male, the lack of cornuti in the aedeagus (similar to many other euptychiine genera), and in the female, the pleated, expandable intersegmental membrane between the seventh and eighth abdominal segments, antrum and lamella antevaginalis membranous, and small, round corpus bursae with slender, elongate, converging signa. The other two described genera within the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AD5DAD2AFA111630" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1362,1466,1617,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AD5DAD2AFA111630" box="[1362,1466,1617,1637]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Amphidecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8ABCDAD0FFB8116DD" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[962,1066,1652,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8ABCDAD0FFB8116DD" box="[962,1066,1652,1672]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Amphidecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AC50AD0FFB0416DD" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1119,1199,1652,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Zischkaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AC50AD0FFB0416DD" box="[1119,1199,1652,1672]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Zischkaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, each have distinctive male and female genitalia differing in numerous respects from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AD50ADECFA1116FE" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[1375,1466,1687,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AD50ADECFA1116FE" box="[1375,1466,1687,1707]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Argentaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AB3DADC2FCC11698" bold="true" box="[818,874,1721,1741]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, with these distinctive characters apparently representing generic autapomorphies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF97FFE8ABDAADA7FB2316A5" author="Marin, M. A. & Pena, C. & Uribe, S. I. & Freitas, A. V. L." box="[981,1160,1756,1776]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="768 - 785" part="42" refId="ref39677" refString="Marin, M. A., Pena, C., Uribe, S. I. & Freitas, A. V. L. (2017) Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Systematic Entomology, 42, 768 - 785." title="Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Marín et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Nakahara, Zacca, et al., 2019; Nakahara pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FF97FFE8AB55AC5AFBEB17C8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF97FFE8AB55AC5AFBEB17C8" blockId="24.[818,1467,404,1949]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AB55AC5AFC151760" bold="true" box="[858,958,1825,1845]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The generic name is a feminine Latin noun in the nominative singular, meaning a silver-mine, in reference to the distinctive silver scales arranged as spots on the ventral hindwing and forewing of species in this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FF96FFEBA8ADAC5AFD831675" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF96FFEBA8ADAC5AFD831675" blockId="25.[122,771,1825,1949]" lastBlockId="27.[122,771,855,1949]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF96FFE9A8ADAC5AFEA41760" bold="true" box="[162,271,1825,1845]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF96FFE9A910AC5AFE011760" box="[287,426,1825,1845]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 17" captionStart-1="FIGURE 18" captionStart-2="FIGURE 19" captionStartId-0="25.[122,218,913,932]" captionStartId-1="25.[122,218,1721,1740]" captionStartId-2="26.[122,218,1252,1271]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1429,126,868]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1427,1025,1675]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1433,125,1182]" captionTargetId-0="figure-86@25.[154,1433,123,872]" captionTargetId-1="figure-125@25.[154,1434,1021,1680]" captionTargetId-2="figure-397@26.[154,1433,123,1212]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionTargetPageId-2="26" captionText-0="FIGURE 17 Argentaria itonis comb.n. (a) male wing venation; (b and c) male dorsal (b) and ventral (c); (d and e) female dorsal (d) and ventral (e). Scale bars 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 18 Argentaria gen.n. representative species. (a) A. clementia comb.n.; (b) A. clorimena comb.n.; (c) A. kendalli comb.n.; (d) A. pagyris comb.n.; (e) A. quadrina comb.n.; (f) A. salvini comb.n. Scale bars 1 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 19 Argentaria itonis comb.n. A-E, male genitalia (dissection KW-21-41), lateral tip abdomen (a), lateral (b) with posterior view juxta, dorsal (c), aedeagus lateral (d) and aedeagus dorsal (e); (f–i), female genitalia (dissection KW-21-60), lateral view exterior tip abdomen (f), ventral view exterior tip abdomen (g), dorsal view interior abdomen (h), corpus bursae perpendicular to signa (i). Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909437" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909439" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909441" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7909437/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7909439/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7909441/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Figures 17
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF96FFE9A989AC59FE391760" box="[390,402,1826,1845]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">–</emphasis>
|
||
19
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some notable characters include: eyes naked; pterothoracic legs dorsally slightly darker, tibia with two principal longitudinal rows of spines ventrally, pair of spurs of similar length at distal end of tibia, first tarsomere with three principal longitudinal rows of spines ventrally, remaining tarsomeres with four principal longitudinal rows of spines ventrally. Small to medium-sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF96FFE9AB3DAC1CFC35172E" box="[818,926,1895,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Euptychiina">Euptychiina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF96FFE9ABA5AC1CFC67172E" box="[938,972,1895,1915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FW</collectionCode>
|
||
length typically
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B6CFF96FFE9AC69AC1CFB66172E" box="[1126,1229,1895,1915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">
|
||
15
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF96FFE9AC71AC1CFB21172F" box="[1150,1162,1895,1914]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">–</emphasis>
|
||
25 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
), FW triangular and varying from being rather pointed (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF96FFE9AC74ACF2FB6E17C8" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1147,1221,1929,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itonis" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF96FFE9AC74ACF2FB2317C8" box="[1147,1160,1929,1949]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF96FFE9AC9AACF2FB6E17C8" box="[1173,1221,1929,1949]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">itonis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF96FFE9ACCBACF2FAA217C8" bold="true" box="[1220,1289,1929,1949]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">comb.n</emphasis>
|
||
.) to more rounded (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF95FFEAA8A8AEFAFEA515C0" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[167,270,1409,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrina" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF95FFEAA8A8AEFAFF1F15C0" box="[167,180,1409,1429]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF95FFEAA8CFAEFAFEA515C0" box="[192,270,1409,1429]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">quadrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF95FFEAA901AEFAFEF215C0" bold="true" box="[270,345,1409,1429]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
), HW rounded with margin variably undulating. No strong sexual dimorphism in most species: Dorsal wings dark grey brown, some species with white patches in discal part of DFW, and white patches in basal or discal part of DHW and yellowish or orangish distally, no androconial scales present except in male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF95FFEAAAB3AD77FF3B1616" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libitina" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF95FFEAAAB3AD77FD621675" box="[700,713,1548,1568]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF95FFEAAADBAD77FF3B1616" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">libitina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF95FFEAA89FAD55FF7F1617" bold="true" box="[144,212,1582,1602]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">comb.n</emphasis>
|
||
., which has dark androconial scales lining the DFW cubital vein and basal part of vein Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF95FFEAA9AEAD21FE011632" attach="left" box="[417,426,1626,1639]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2</subScript>
|
||
, and basal part of vein 2A. Ventral wings showing relatively large inter-specific variation in pattern across the genus, with ground colour ranging from dark grey-brown to paler yellowish brown; a dark discal and postdiscal line traversing both wings, ranging from a thin, irregular line to a straight, broad band, which may be absent or scarcely visible in some species; discal area of one or both wings often white to pale yellowish brown, sometimes extending basally or distally beyond postdiscal line; VFW with series of narrow postdiscal ocelli in cells 2A-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF95FFEAA9FAAC14FE551729" attach="left" box="[501,510,1903,1916]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2</subScript>
|
||
to M
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF95FFEAAA3DAC14FD901729" attach="left" box="[562,571,1903,1916]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF95FFEAAA58AC14FDCB1729" attach="right" box="[599,608,1903,1916]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1</subScript>
|
||
, elongated parallel to distal margin, usually with pupil present as single silver line or double silver spots, often fused into a broad band, variably surrounded by orange or yellow and in some species a further black border, ocelli variably distinct across species; VHW with a complex array of postdiscal ocelli in cells 2A-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF95FFEAAC6DAE89FBC015AA" attach="left" box="[1122,1131,1522,1535]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2</subScript>
|
||
to M
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF95FFEAAC91AE89FB0C15AA" attach="left" box="[1182,1191,1522,1535]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1</subScript>
|
||
-Rs, with that in Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF95FFEAAD55AE89FAC815AA" attach="left" box="[1370,1379,1522,1535]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2</subScript>
|
||
-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF95FFEAAD8AAE89FA2515AA" attach="left" box="[1413,1422,1522,1535]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1</subScript>
|
||
typically the largest, and, along with that in M
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF95FFEAACB6AD6EFB691677" attach="left" box="[1209,1218,1557,1570]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF95FFEAACD1AD6EFB4C1677" attach="left" box="[1246,1255,1557,1570]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1</subScript>
|
||
, often the only ocellus to be present as a black spot with a single, double, or further modified silver pupil, remaining ocelli typically lacking black with their silver pupils enlarged into spots or streaks, orange rings around ocelli expanded and fused in all species to form an orange background around the ocelli; silver pupil in cell M
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF95FFEAAC96ADB9FB09169A" attach="left" box="[1177,1186,1730,1743]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">3</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF95FFEAACB1ADB9FB6C169A" attach="left" box="[1214,1223,1730,1743]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2</subScript>
|
||
elongated and pinched in the middle (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF95FFEAABAEADA7FBA416A5" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[929,1039,1756,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clementia" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF95FFEAABAEADA7FBA416A5" box="[929,1039,1756,1776]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. clementia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF95FFEAAC00ADA7FBFF16A5" bold="true" box="[1039,1108,1756,1776]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">comb.n</emphasis>
|
||
.) or split into two spots (all other species), and that in cell 2A-Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF95FFEAAC37AC7CFBEA1741" attach="left" box="[1080,1089,1799,1812]" fontSize="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2</subScript>
|
||
similarly pinched or split, often forming three distinct spots in combination with a silver spot presumed to represent a posterior ocellus in that cell; two black submarginal lines parallel to wing margin with pale scaling between them, sometimes pierced by elongate silver pupils of the postdiscal ocelli. Male 8th abdominal tergite reduced dorsally, leaving a sclerotized strip along anterior edge and usually an isolated sclerotized patch in posterior portion, that can be broader (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBA9B1A8E7FDAC13E5" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brevignon & Benmesbah" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[446,519,924,944]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jadea" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA9B1A8E7FDAC13E5" box="[446,519,924,944]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. jadea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAA07A8E7FDF913E5" bold="true" box="[520,594,924,944]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
) or absent (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAAE0A8E7FF121386" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pagyris" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAAE0A8E7FF121386" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. pagyris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA8B7A8C5FEA81387" bold="true" box="[184,259,958,978]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
) in some species. Male genitalia with uncus longer than tegumen, brachia pointing dorsally of uncus or parallel with uncus and ranging from slightly longer than uncus (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAA23AF7FFD3E144D" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[556,661,1028,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrina" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAA23AF7FFD3E144D" box="[556,661,1028,1048]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. quadrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAA9AAF7FFD74144D" bold="true" box="[661,735,1028,1048]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
) to very short/vestigial (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBA96AAF5CFE69146E" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="L. D. Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[357,450,1063,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kendalli" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA96AAF5CFE69146E" box="[357,450,1063,1083]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. kendalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA9CCAF5DFDA6146F" bold="true" box="[451,525,1062,1082]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAA16AF5CFDC8146E" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brevignon & Benmesbah" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[537,611,1063,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jadea" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAA16AF5CFDC8146E" box="[537,611,1063,1083]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. jadea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAA6CAF5DFD05146F" bold="true" box="[611,686,1062,1082]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAAB5AF5CFF001408" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clorimena" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAAB5AF5CFF001408" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. clorimena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA8A5AF32FF5E1408" bold="true" box="[170,245,1097,1117]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
); valva usually broadening at distal tip in lateral view, with distal tip sometimes with an inwardly pointing dorsal lobe (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBA8AAAFF4FF4514F6" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[165,238,1167,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itonis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA8AAAFF4FF4514F6" box="[165,238,1167,1187]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. itonis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBA8F7AFF4FECD14F6" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[248,358,1167,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clementia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA8F7AFF4FECD14F6" box="[248,358,1167,1187]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. clementia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBA97EAFF4FE7C14F6" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[369,471,1167,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA97EAFF4FE7C14F6" box="[369,471,1167,1187]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. quadrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and sometimes without (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAAE0AFF4FF1D1490" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libitina" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAAE0AFF4FF1D1490" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. libitina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA8B9AFCAFEAB1490" bold="true" box="[182,256,1201,1221]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBA902AFCAFEC71490" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="L. D. Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[269,364,1201,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kendalli" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA902AFCAFEC71490" box="[269,364,1201,1221]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. kendalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA963AFCAFE1C1490" bold="true" box="[364,439,1201,1221]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBA9CBAFCAFD9D1490" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[452,566,1201,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clorimena" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA9CBAFCAFD9D1490" box="[452,566,1201,1221]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. clorimena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAA3AAFCAFD2B1490" bold="true" box="[565,640,1201,1221]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
); vinculum in most species (but not all, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBA99EAFAFFE4114BD" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[401,490,1236,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pagyris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA99EAFAFFE4114BD" box="[401,490,1236,1256]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A. pagyris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) elongated above articulation with dorsal base of valva; aedeagus relatively straight and lacking cornuti. Female genitalia showing relatively little inter-specific variation, eighth tergite with small sclerotized posterior patch and thin strip at ventral anterior edge, intersegmental membrane between segments A7 and A8 pleated and expandable with a circular to quadrate sclerotized plate ventrally, eighth segment with large irregular oval lateral sclerotized plate, lamella antevaginalis and antrum unsclerotized, ductus bursae narrow and unsclerotized, corpus bursae small, circular and with two narrow, posteriorly converging signa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FF94FFEBA8ADAD55FC771136" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF94FFEBA8ADAD55FC771136" blockId="27.[122,771,855,1949]" lastBlockId="27.[818,1468,127,1776]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA8ADAD55FE701617" bold="true" box="[162,475,1582,1602]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution and natural history</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF94FFEBA9E3AD54FDE11616" box="[492,586,1583,1603]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="27.[122,218,720,739]" captionTargetBox="[148,742,132,676]" captionTargetId="figure-920@27.[144,747,123,679]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 20 Argentaria gen.n. Species diversity mapped on a 2 degree grid. Colours ranging from dark green to red represent increasing diversity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909445/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAA6EAD54FD151616" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[609,702,1583,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAA6EAD54FD151616" box="[609,702,1583,1603]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Argentaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAAC6AD55FCA91617" bold="true" box="[713,770,1582,1602]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
species are found in rainforest and cloudforest from sea level to
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B6CFF94FFEBA875AD0FFF6816DD" box="[122,195,1652,1672]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
|
||
, although the great majority of species are found below
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B6CFF94FFEBA875ADECFF6816FE" box="[122,195,1687,1707]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
. Similarly, although the genus occurs throughout the Neotropical region, only a couple of species occur west of the Andes, and the known centre of diversity is in the bamboo-rich forests of the south-western Amazon (Madre de Dios, Peru, and Acre, Brazil), where up to 10 species can be found in sympatry, and to a lesser extent in south-eastern Brazil (Atlantic region). All species occur in close association with bamboos (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBA94DAC1CFE38172E" box="[322,403,1895,1915]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae), including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBA875ACF2FF1417C8" box="[122,191,1929,1949]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Guadua" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBA875ACF2FF1417C8" box="[122,191,1929,1949]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Guadua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and various species of weeping bamboos (unpublished data), and many species are known from only a handful of widely scattered localities, with a number of species still undescribed. The immature stages were recently described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAC8EABBFFB42108D" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[1153,1257,196,216]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrina" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAC8EABBFFB25108D" box="[1153,1166,196,216]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAC94ABBFFB42108D" box="[1179,1257,196,216]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">quadrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBACFEABBFFA97108D" bold="true" box="[1265,1340,196,216]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF94FFEBAD6EABBFFCC410AE" author="See, J. & Nakahara, S. & Gallice, G." journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera Research" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="49 - 53" part="28" refId="ref42848" refString="See, J., Nakahara, S. & Gallice, G. (2018) Immature stages of Splendeuptychia quadrina (Butler, 1869) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 28, 49 - 53." title="Immature stages of Splendeuptychia quadrina (Butler, 1869) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2018">See et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which was recorded feeding on the climbing bamboo
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAD7FAB9CFC461148" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Rhipidocladum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemiflorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAD7FAB9CFC461148" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rhipidocladum racemiflorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with several other species having been reared in south-eastern Brazil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF94FFEBAC0EAA57FB2A1115" author="Freitas, A. V. L." box="[1025,1153,300,320]" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera Research" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="52 - 58" part="32" refId="ref37036" refString="Freitas, A. V. L. (2022) Immature stages of Splendeuptychia ambra (Nymphalidae: Euptychiina) and the diversity of immature morphology within Splendeuptychia. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32, 52 - 58." title="Immature stages of Splendeuptychia ambra (Nymphalidae: Euptychiina) and the diversity of immature morphology within Splendeuptychia" type="journal article" year="2022">Freitas, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Ecuador (Willmott & Hall, unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FF94FFEBAB55AA0AFB3C16A5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF94FFEBAB55AA0AFABD1200" blockId="27.[818,1468,127,1776]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAB55AA0AFC1411D0" bold="true" box="[858,959,369,389]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE882BFF94FFEBABFAAA0AFBB511D0" box="[1013,1054,369,389]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species for this genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBACF3AA0AFA2111D0" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1276,1418,369,389]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itonis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBACF3AA0AFA2111D0" box="[1276,1418,369,389]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Euptychia itonis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF94FFEBABA2AAEFFBE311FD" author="Hewitson, W. C." box="[941,1096,404,424]" journalOrPublisher="London: John Van Voorst" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="224" refId="ref38371" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1862) Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies: selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson, Vol. 3. London: John Van Voorst, p. 224." title="Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies: selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson, Vol. 3" type="book chapter" year="1862">Hewitson (1862)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the ‘Amazon’ based on specimens in his collection and the collection of W. W. Saunders. The underside of a specimen was illustrated in his
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF94FFEBAC76AAA2FB6E11B8" box="[1145,1221,473,493]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[122,218,1308,1327]" captionTargetBox="[210,1466,123,1266]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3 Phylogeny of the Cyllopsis clade based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909399/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
and it closely matches the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD00FF94FFEBAB3DAA87FC101245" box="[818,955,508,528]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">three syntypes</specimenCount>
|
||
examined in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF94FFEBAC56AA87FB061245" box="[1113,1197,508,528]" collectionName="NHMUK" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
, in particular in having a thin, broken dark brown postdiscal line in the white area of the VHW, which is unique within the genus to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAC8FA93AFB6C1200" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1152,1223,577,597]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itonis" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAC8FA93AFB261200" box="[1152,1165,577,597]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAC98A93AFB6C1200" box="[1175,1223,577,597]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">itonis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBACC2A93AFABA1200" bold="true" box="[1229,1297,577,597]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF94FFEBAB55A91FFA861675" blockId="27.[818,1468,127,1776]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF94FFEBAB55A91FFC7F122D" author="Butler, A. G." box="[858,980,612,632]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="104 - 110" part="1867" refId="ref35367" refString="Butler, A. G. (1867) Descriptions of some new species of Satyridae belonging to the genus Euptychia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867, 104 - 110." title="Descriptions of some new species of Satyridae belonging to the genus Euptychia" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler (1867)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed all of the species included here in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAD50A91FFA11122D" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[1375,1466,612,632]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAD50A91FFA11122D" box="[1375,1466,612,632]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Argentaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAB3DA9FDFCC112CF" bold="true" box="[818,874,646,666]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
that were described at that time in his Division V, Subdivision 2, which he characterized as having the VHW ocelli represented as silver streaks with a large black tornal ocellus, with his correct recognition of the close relationships of the species in this group reflecting the distinctive VHW pattern of the genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF94FFEBAC8AA86AFABC1370" author="Weymer, G." box="[1157,1303,785,805]" editor="Seitz, A." journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart: A. Kernen" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="173 - 280" refId="ref43751" refString="Weymer, G. (1911) 4. Familie: Satyridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.) Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart: A. Kernen, pp. 173 - 280." title="Familie: Satyridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde" year="1911">Weymer (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
likewise successfully grouped described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAC01A84FFBC2131D" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[1038,1129,820,840]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAC01A84FFBC2131D" box="[1038,1129,820,840]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Argentaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAC7FA84FFB0C131D" bold="true" box="[1136,1191,820,840]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
species in his ‘Clorimene [sic] group’, which he placed alongside his ‘Doxes group’, which corresponds to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAB98A802FBA713D8" authorityName="Freitas, Barbosa & Zacca" authorityYear="2018" box="[919,1036,889,909]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Nhambikuara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAB98A802FBA713D8" box="[919,1036,889,909]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Nhambikuara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Forster
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAC54A801FBF413D8" box="[1115,1119,890,909]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">’</emphasis>
|
||
s (1964) decision to move
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAD50A802FA1113D8" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[1375,1466,889,909]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAD50A802FA1113D8" box="[1375,1466,889,909]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Argentaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAB3DA8E7FCC113E5" bold="true" box="[818,874,924,944]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBABFBA8E7FBE113E5" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[1012,1098,924,944]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBABFBA8E7FBE113E5" box="[1012,1098,924,944]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Euptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into his newly described genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAD8BA8E7FC3A1386" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAD8BA8E7FC3A1386" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE882BFF94FFEBABDEA8C4FC511386" box="[977,1018,959,979]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAC42A8C4FB741386" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1101,1247,959,979]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAC42A8C4FB741386" box="[1101,1247,959,979]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Euptychia ashna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, seems somewhat surprising, since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF94FFEBABA3A89AFB9713A0" author="Weymer, G." box="[940,1084,993,1013]" editor="Seitz, A." journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart: A. Kernen" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="173 - 280" refId="ref43751" refString="Weymer, G. (1911) 4. Familie: Satyridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.) Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart: A. Kernen, pp. 173 - 280." title="Familie: Satyridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde" year="1911">Weymer (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
evidently did not regard
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAD2FA89AFAC113A0" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1312,1386,993,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAD2FA89AFA8013A0" box="[1312,1323,993,1013]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAD39A89AFAC113A0" box="[1334,1386,993,1013]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ashna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as being closely related to the former two groups. Equally puzzling are Forster
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBADA3AF7EFA1B144D" box="[1452,1456,1029,1048]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">’</emphasis>
|
||
s (1964) drawings of the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBACB9AF5CFA88146E" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1206,1315,1063,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clementia" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBACB9AF5CFB68146E" box="[1206,1219,1063,1083]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBACDFAF5CFA88146E" box="[1232,1315,1063,1083]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">clementia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAD23AF5DFADD146F" bold="true" box="[1324,1398,1062,1082]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBADA7AF5CFCDB1408" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pagyris" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBADA7AF5CFA1E146E" box="[1448,1461,1063,1083]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAB3DAF32FCDB1408" box="[818,880,1097,1117]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">pagyris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAB78AF32FC6B1408" bold="true" box="[887,960,1097,1117]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(p. 129, figure 163, 164), which are rather different to specimens we have examined, most notably in showing an aedeagus with cornuti, which was not observed in any dissected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAD2DAFF4FAD614F6" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[1314,1405,1167,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAD2DAFF4FAD614F6" box="[1314,1405,1167,1187]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Argentaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAD8CAFF4FA1114F6" bold="true" box="[1411,1466,1167,1187]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
In general,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF94FFEBAB91AFCAFB8E1490" author="Forster, W." box="[926,1061,1201,1221]" journalOrPublisher="Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="51 - 188" part="8" refId="ref36772" refString="Forster, W. (1964) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX. Lepidoptera III. Satyridae. Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen, 8, 51 - 188." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX. Lepidoptera III. Satyridae" type="journal article" year="1964">Forster (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
separated numerous taxa from the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAB3DAFAFFC2314BD" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[818,904,1236,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAB3DAFAFFC2314BD" box="[818,904,1236,1256]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Euptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into different genera, based on wing pattern and male genitalia, but he also frequently grouped species by overall appearance.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF94FFEBAB3DAE62FC1B1578" author="Lamas, G." box="[818,944,1305,1325]" journalOrPublisher="Gainesville: Scientific Publishers / Association of Tropical Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="439" refId="ref39197" refString="Lamas, G. (2004) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 4 A Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. Gainesville: Scientific Publishers / Association of Tropical Lepidoptera, p. 439." title="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 4 A Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea" type="book chapter" year="2004">Lamas (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
followed Forster
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAC5CAE61FBFC1578" box="[1107,1111,1306,1325]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">’</emphasis>
|
||
s arrangement, and retained in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAD8BAE62FC3A1505" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAD8BAE62FC3A1505" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the species placed here in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBACA9AE47FAAA1505" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[1190,1281,1340,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBACA9AE47FAAA1505" box="[1190,1281,1340,1360]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Argentaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAD03AE47FAE81505" bold="true" box="[1292,1347,1340,1360]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, but shortly afterwards
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF94FFEBAB92AE24FB351526" author="Murray, D. & Prowell, D. P." box="[925,1182,1375,1395]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="67 - 80" part="34" refId="ref40211" refString="Murray, D. & Prowell, D. P. (2005) Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropical Satyrine subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 67 - 80." title="Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropical Satyrine subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Murray and Prowell (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that, based on DNA sequence data,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBABC9AEFAFBBB15C0" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[966,1040,1409,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itonis" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBABC9AEFAFC7815C0" box="[966,979,1409,1429]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBABEEAEFAFBBB15C0" box="[993,1040,1409,1429]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">itonis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAC16AEFAFBC915C0" bold="true" box="[1049,1122,1409,1429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAC9AAEFAFB4A15C0" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1173,1249,1409,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAC9AAEFAFB3415C0" box="[1173,1183,1409,1429]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBACA2AEFAFB4A15C0" box="[1197,1249,1409,1429]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ashna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were distantly related. Subsequent molecular (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF94FFEBAC04AEDFFB7015ED" author="Espeland, M. & Breinholt, J. & Barbosa, E. P. & Casagrande, M. & Huertas, B. & Lamas, G." box="[1035,1243,1444,1464]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="116 - 124" part="131" refId="ref36456" refString="Espeland, M., Breinholt, J., Barbosa, E. P., Casagrande, M., Huertas, B., Lamas, G. et al. (2019 a) Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 131, 116 - 124." title="Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data" type="journal article" year="2019">Espeland et al., 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF94FFEBACE6AEDFFA2115ED" author="Pena, C. & Nylin, S. & Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N." box="[1257,1418,1444,1464]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="243 - 258" part="39" refId="ref42528" refString="Pena, C., Nylin, S., Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N. (2010) Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zoologica Scripta, 39, 243 - 258." title="Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Peña et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and morphological (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF94FFEBABB1AEBCFBE9158E" author="Huertas, B." box="[958,1090,1479,1499]" journalOrPublisher="University College London" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref38505" refString="Huertas, B. (2014) Systematics of the genus Splendeuptychia (Forster, 1964) and implications of taxonomy in conservation assessments. Chapter 4. In Evaluating the conservation status of Neotropical butterflies and the impact of systematics on threat assessments (PhD thesis). University College London." title="Systematics of the genus Splendeuptychia (Forster, 1964) and implications of taxonomy in conservation assessments. Chapter 4" type="book" volumeTitle="Evaluating the conservation status of Neotropical butterflies and the impact of systematics on threat assessments (PhD thesis)" year="2014">Huertas, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF94FFEBAC41AEBCFB59158E" author="Marin, M. A. & Pena, C. & Uribe, S. I. & Freitas, A. V. L." box="[1102,1266,1479,1499]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="768 - 785" part="42" refId="ref39677" refString="Marin, M. A., Pena, C., Uribe, S. I. & Freitas, A. V. L. (2017) Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Systematic Entomology, 42, 768 - 785." title="Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Marín et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) phylogenetic studies have corroborated that discovery, including this study, which contains sequence data for all but three of the described species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF94FFEBAB55AD54FB3C16A5" blockId="27.[818,1468,127,1776]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAC2EAD54FBD51616" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[1057,1150,1583,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAC2EAD54FBD51616" box="[1057,1150,1583,1603]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Argentaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAC88AD55FB6B1617" bold="true" box="[1159,1216,1582,1602]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
to other members of the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF94FFEBAB36AD2AFC081630" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[825,931,1617,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF94FFEBAB36AD2AFC081630" box="[825,931,1617,1637]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Amphidecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’ are not strongly resolved, but the numerous morphological differences that separate the genus from other genera within the clade, and the fact that its constituent species have universally been recognized as closely related for more than 150 years, support its recognition as a distinct genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FFB5FFCAA875A993FDF214B6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="taxon_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA875A993FE0912AD" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[122,418,744,760]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA875A993FECD12AD" authority="Huertas & Willmott" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[122,358,744,760]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA875A993FF6712AD" box="[122,204,744,760]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Argentaria</emphasis>
|
||
Huertas & Willmott
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA962A993FE0912AD" bold="true" box="[365,418,744,760]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADA984FDB91372" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8ADA984FEDE135A" authority="(Bryk, 1953)" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Bryk" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[162,373,767,783]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argyropsacas" status="comb.n., stat.rev.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADA984FEA7135A" box="[162,268,767,783]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">argyropsacas</emphasis>
|
||
(Bryk, 1953)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20257E0FFB5FFCAA974A984FDA6135A" box="[379,525,767,783]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA974A984FE6B135A" bold="true" box="[379,448,767,783]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9C6A984FDA6135A" bold="true" box="[457,525,767,783]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">stat.rev.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAAA35A984FD16135A" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[570,701,767,783]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAAA35A984FD16135A" box="[570,701,767,783]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[treated as a synonym of "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAAB80A984FBB9135A" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[911,1042,767,783]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAAB80A984FBB9135A" box="[911,1042,767,783]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAAC12A984FBDB135A" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1053,1136,767,783]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telesphora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAAC12A984FBDB135A" box="[1053,1136,767,783]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">telesphora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Lamas (2004), but ventral wing pattern is distinct]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADA855FDF7136B" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[162,604,814,830]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8ADA855FECB136B" authority="(Butler, 1877)" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[162,352,814,830]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clementia" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADA855FF45136B" box="[162,238,814,830]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">clementia</emphasis>
|
||
(Butler, 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA968A855FE00136B" bold="true" box="[359,427,814,830]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9D6A855FDF7136B" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[473,604,814,830]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9D6A855FDF7136B" box="[473,604,814,830]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADA83EFDF91300" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[162,594,837,853]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8ADA83EFEFD1300" authority="(Stoll, 1790)" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[162,342,837,853]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clorimena" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADA83EFF441300" box="[162,239,837,853]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">clorimena</emphasis>
|
||
(Stoll, 1790)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA952A83EFE091300" bold="true" box="[349,418,837,853]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9C0A83EFDF91300" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[463,594,837,853]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9C0A83EFDF91300" box="[463,594,837,853]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8B0A826FE0A13D1" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8C5A826FE331338" authority="(Forster, 1964)" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[202,408,861,877]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviensis" status="comb.n., syn.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8C5A826FEB71338" box="[202,284,861,877]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Forster, 1964)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20257E0FFB5FFCAA991A826FD8B1338" box="[414,544,861,877]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA991A826FE481338" bold="true" box="[414,483,861,877]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9E3A826FD8B1338" bold="true" box="[492,544,861,877]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">syn.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAAA42A826FD7B1338" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[589,720,861,877]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAAA42A826FD7B1338" box="[589,720,861,877]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[wing pattern variation and DNA barcodes suggests this is a southern form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA95FA80FFE3613D1" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[336,413,884,900]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clorimena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA95FA80FFE3613D1" box="[336,413,884,900]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">clorimena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADA8F7FDDE13C9" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[162,629,908,924]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADA8F7FF5013C9" box="[162,251,908,924]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">cosmophila</emphasis>
|
||
(Hübner, 1823),
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA98FA8F7FE6E13C9" bold="true" box="[384,453,908,924]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9FDA8F7FDDE13C9" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[498,629,908,924]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9FDA8F7FDDE13C9" box="[498,629,908,924]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8B0A8D8FD0D13E6" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[191,678,931,947]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8C5A8D8FEB213E6" box="[202,281,931,947]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">argenteus</emphasis>
|
||
(Swainson, 1823),
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9BEA8D8FE5D13E6" bold="true" box="[433,502,931,947]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAAA2CA8D8FD0D13E6" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[547,678,931,947]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAAA2CA8D8FD0D13E6" box="[547,678,931,947]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADA8C1FDEF139F" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[162,580,954,970]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8ADA8C1FEE3139F" authority="(Butler, 1877)" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[162,328,954,970]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hygina" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADA8C1FF7D139F" box="[162,214,954,970]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">hygina</emphasis>
|
||
(Butler, 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA940A8C1FE3F139F" bold="true" box="[335,404,954,970]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9CEA8C1FDEF139F" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[449,580,954,970]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9CEA8C1FDEF139F" box="[449,580,954,970]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADA8A9FDFE13B7" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[162,597,978,994]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8ADA8A9FEF213B7" authority="(Hewitson, 1862)" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[162,345,978,994]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itonis" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADA8A9FF6013B7" box="[162,203,978,994]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">itonis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hewitson, 1862)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA96FA8A9FE0F13B7" bold="true" box="[352,420,978,994]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9DDA8A9FDFE13B7" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[466,597,978,994]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9DDA8A9FDFE13B7" box="[466,597,978,994]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADA892FE63147D" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8ADA892FE7E13AC" authority="(Brevignon & Benmesbah, 2012)" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brevignon & Benmesbah" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[162,469,1001,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jadea" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADA892FF6613AC" box="[162,205,1001,1017]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">jadea</emphasis>
|
||
(Brévignon & Benmesbah, 2012)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9D2A892FD8913AC" bold="true" box="[477,546,1001,1017]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAAA40A892FD7913AC" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[591,722,1001,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAAA40A892FD7913AC" box="[591,722,1001,1017]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Brévignon & Benmesbah (2012, Complément à l'inventaire des Satyrinae de Guyane (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA976AF7AFE701444" box="[377,475,1025,1041]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9EDAF7AFDE51444" box="[482,590,1025,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), pp. 36-52, 4 pls., 1 tab. In: Lacomme, D. & L. Manil (Eds.), Lépidoptères de Guyane. Tome 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA95AAF63FE14147D" box="[341,447,1048,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADAF4BFDC61415" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[162,621,1072,1088]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8ADAF4BFED91415" authority="(L. D. Miller, 1978)" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="L. D. Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[162,370,1072,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kendalli" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADAF4BFF751415" box="[162,222,1072,1088]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">kendalli</emphasis>
|
||
(L.D. Miller, 1978)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA977AF4BFE161415" bold="true" box="[376,445,1072,1088]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9E5AF4BFDC61415" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[490,621,1072,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9E5AF4BFDC61415" box="[490,621,1072,1088]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADAF3CFDE91402" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[162,578,1095,1111]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8ADAF3CFEED1402" authority="(Butler, 1870)" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[162,326,1095,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="libitina" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADAF3CFF7F1402" box="[162,212,1095,1111]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">libitina</emphasis>
|
||
(Butler, 1870)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA942AF3CFE391402" bold="true" box="[333,402,1095,1111]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9B0AF3CFDE91402" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[447,578,1095,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9B0AF3CFDE91402" box="[447,578,1095,1111]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADAF25FDF7143B" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[162,604,1118,1134]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8ADAF25FECB143B" authority="(Godart, [1824])" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[162,352,1118,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pagyris" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADAF25FF70143B" box="[162,219,1118,1134]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">pagyris</emphasis>
|
||
(Godart, [1824])
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA968AF25FE00143B" bold="true" box="[359,427,1118,1134]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9D6AF25FDF7143B" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[473,604,1118,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9D6AF25FDF7143B" box="[473,604,1118,1134]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8B0AF0DFDF214D3" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[191,601,1142,1158]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8C5AF0DFF4C14D3" box="[202,231,1142,1158]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">ava</emphasis>
|
||
(Anken, 1998),
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA96BAF0DFE0214D3" bold="true" box="[356,425,1142,1158]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9D9AF0DFDF214D3" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[470,601,1142,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9D9AF0DFDF214D3" box="[470,601,1142,1158]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADAFF6FDFE14C8" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[162,597,1165,1181]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8ADAFF6FEF214C8" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Lamas" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[162,345,1165,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADAFF6FF4C14C8" box="[162,231,1165,1181]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">quadrina</emphasis>
|
||
(Butler, 1869)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA96FAFF6FE0F14C8" bold="true" box="[352,420,1165,1181]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9DDAFF6FDFE14C8" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[466,597,1165,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9DDAFF6FDFE14C8" box="[466,597,1165,1181]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADAFDEFDEA14E0" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[162,577,1189,1205]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8ADAFDEFEEE14E0" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[162,325,1189,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvini" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADAFDEFF7814E0" box="[162,211,1189,1205]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">salvini</emphasis>
|
||
(Butler, 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA943AFDEFE3A14E0" bold="true" box="[332,401,1189,1205]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9B1AFDEFDEA14E0" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[446,577,1189,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9B1AFDEFDEA14E0" box="[446,577,1189,1205]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADAFC7FDC81499" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[162,611,1212,1228]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8ADAFC7FECC1499" authority="(Butler, 1877)" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[162,359,1212,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="telesphora" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADAFC7FF5E1499" box="[162,245,1212,1228]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">telesphora</emphasis>
|
||
(Butler, 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA961AFC7FE191499" bold="true" box="[366,434,1212,1228]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9EFAFC7FDC81499" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[480,611,1212,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9EFAFC7FDC81499" box="[480,611,1212,1228]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB5FFCAA8ADAFA8FDF214B6" blockId="58.[122,1224,322,1626]" box="[162,601,1235,1251]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA8ADAFA8FEF614B6" authority="(Forster, 1964)" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[162,349,1235,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zischkai" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA8ADAFA8FF4A14B6" box="[162,225,1235,1251]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">zischkai</emphasis>
|
||
(Forster, 1964)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA96BAFA8FE0314B6" bold="true" box="[356,424,1235,1251]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB5FFCAA9D9AFA8FDF214B6" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[470,601,1235,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB5FFCAA9D9AFA8FDF214B6" box="[470,601,1235,1251]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |