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<mods:title id="5D2797744C166EAD7412CA84217927BE">Identification of type materials of the species of Protypotherium Ameghino, 1885 and Patriarchus Ameghino, 1889 (Notoungulata: Interatheriidae) erected by Florentino Ameghino</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="802AD13715FD0488951CFC5CC8CE2CCD">Fernández, Mercedes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="913E5B1E2D2A6D43330D66149847E21A">Fernicola, Juan Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72DEA9CACEBB50B79B12BDC09664713D">Reguero, Marcelo A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03EC879BCF548312C1922DBB8F42FB75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5986679" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141264035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5986679" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC879BCF548312C1922DBB8F42FB75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC879BCF548312C1922DBB8F42FB75" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="481" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">
<subSubSection id="C35F6506CF54831DC1922DBB8CF1F9D8" box="[151,689,1522,1549]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF54831DC1922DBB8CF1F9D8" blockId="7.[151,689,1522,1549]" box="[151,689,1522,1549]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">
<heading id="D0B281E1CF54831DC1922DBB8CF1F9D8" bold="true" box="[151,689,1522,1549]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0ECF54831DC1922DBB8CF1F9D8" authority="(Ameghino, 1887 a)" baseAuthorityName="Ameghino" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[151,689,1522,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Interatheriidae" genus="Protypotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoungulata" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF54831DC1922DBB8CF1F9D8" bold="true" box="[151,689,1522,1549]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF54831DC1922DBB8FFFF9D9" bold="true" box="[151,447,1522,1548]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Protypotherium australe</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF54831DC0C82DBA8CEAF9D8" box="[461,682,1523,1549]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" refId="ref16898" refString="Ameghino, F. (1887 a) Observaciones generales sobre el orden de mamiferos extinguidos sub-americanos llamados Toxodontes (Toxodontia) y sinopsis de los generos y especies hasta ahora conocidos. Anales del Museo de La Plata, 1 (1), 1 - 66." type="journal article">Ameghino, 1887a</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35F6506CF54831DC1922E708C96F9A3" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF54831DC1922E708C96F9A3" blockId="7.[151,1437,1593,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF54831DC1922E708F4BF987" bold="true" box="[151,267,1593,1618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">
<typeStatus id="54FE882FCF54831DC1922E708F46F987" box="[151,262,1593,1618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Left maxilla with P3M3; original piece has not been found, but there are two casts in the
<collectionCode id="ED54AE48CF54831DC4452E738BD9F987" box="[1344,1433,1594,1618]" country="Argentina" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">MACN</collectionCode>
:
<collectionCode id="ED54AE48CF54831DC1922E178F49F9A3" box="[151,265,1630,1654]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">MACN-A</collectionCode>
1338 (
<figureCitation id="137E2A08CF54831DC0522E148FF5F9A3" box="[343,437,1629,1654]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[226,1357,202,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[220,1366,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Protypotherium antiquum, lectotype ZMK 21/1877, right mandibular fragment with p4-m3, in labial (A) and occlusal (B) views; reproductions of figures 1 (C) and 1a (D) from Ameghino (1889, plate 15); and MACN-A 1288, cast of lectotype, inlabial (E) and occlusal(F)views. Protypotherium australe, MACN-A 1338, cast of theholotype, in occlusalview (G). Protypotherium praerutilum, holotype MACN-A 1081, incomplete skull, in ventral (H) and dorsal (I) views; holotype MACN-A 1082, incomplete mandible, in lateral (J) and occlusal (K) views; reproductions of figures 6 (L) and 6a (M) from Ameghino (1889, plate 14); reproductions of figures 7 (N) and 7a (O) from Ameghino (1889, plate 14). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187699/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Fig. 1 G</figureCitation>
) and
<collectionCode id="ED54AE48CF54831DC0F12E178C26F9A3" box="[500,614,1630,1654]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">MACN-A</collectionCode>
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.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35F6506CF54831DC1C22EC88F5EF80B" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF54831DC1C22EC88A04F8FF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1593,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF54831DC1C22EC88F7AF94F" bold="true" box="[199,314,1665,1690]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF54831DC04C2EC88C7DF94F" box="[329,573,1665,1690]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" refId="ref16898" refString="Ameghino, F. (1887 a) Observaciones generales sobre el orden de mamiferos extinguidos sub-americanos llamados Toxodontes (Toxodontia) y sinopsis de los generos y especies hasta ahora conocidos. Anales del Museo de La Plata, 1 (1), 1 - 66." type="journal article">Ameghino 1887a: 63</bibRefCitation>
). “
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF54831DC35B2EC88DC2F94F" box="[606,898,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Talla comparable a la del</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0ECF54831DC28F2EC88ACCF94F" box="[906,1164,1665,1690]" class="Mammalia" family="Caviidae" genus="Dolichotis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="patachonica">Dolichotis patachonica</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF54831DC59E2ECB8D5AF934" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Corona de los molares superiores fuertemente excavada. Paladar poco profundo y relativamente plano. Lóbulo anterior de los verdaderos molares superiores un poco más ancho que el posterior.</emphasis>
[…]
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF54831DC25F2E838A70F8FF" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">
De este animal sólo se conoce el maxilar superior izquierdo, con las cinco últimas muelas más o menos rotas, excepto las dos últimas, que están enteras. Ha sido encontrado, como el precedente, por F. P. Moreno, durante su viaje de
<date id="FFFB104DCF54831DC2B62F588A70F8FF" box="[947,1072,1809,1834]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" value="1876" valueMax="1877">18761877</date>
</emphasis>
”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF54831DC1C22F7C8F5EF80B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1593,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">
English translation. Size similar to that of
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<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF54831DC3C22F7C8D93F89B" box="[711,979,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480">Dolichotis patachonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Crown of upper cheek teeth strongly excavated. Palate shallow and relatively flat. Anterior lobe of upper molars slightly wider than the posterior one. [...] This animal is only known from the left upper jaw, with the last five cheek teeth more or less broken, except for the last two that are complete. It has been found, like the precedent, by F. P. Moreno, during his
<date id="FFFB104DCF54831DC41B2FE88BDCF86F" box="[1310,1436,1953,1978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="480" value="1876" valueMax="1877">
1876
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF54831DC4532FEB8B24F86C" box="[1366,1380,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="480"></emphasis>
1877
</date>
exploration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6506CF5B8312C1C228DE8F42FB75" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF5B8312C1C228DE8F5CFD50" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF5B8312C1C228DE8F0FFF65" bold="true" box="[199,335,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">Comments.</emphasis>
In the original diagnosis,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF5B8312C37528DE8D04FF65" box="[624,836,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" refId="ref16898" refString="Ameghino, F. (1887 a) Observaciones generales sobre el orden de mamiferos extinguidos sub-americanos llamados Toxodontes (Toxodontia) y sinopsis de los generos y especies hasta ahora conocidos. Anales del Museo de La Plata, 1 (1), 1 - 66." type="journal article">Ameghino (1887a)</bibRefCitation>
highlighted that the maxilla collected by Moreno was the only known material of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0ECF5B8312C0C828F48C04FF00" baseAuthorityName="Ameghino" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[461,580,188,213]" class="Mammalia" family="Interatheriidae" genus="Protypotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoungulata" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF5B8312C0C828F48C04FF00" box="[461,580,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">P. australe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Shortly after,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF5B8312C3E928F58D82FF00" box="[748,962,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" refId="ref16947" refString="Ameghino, F. (1887 b) Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia austral y depositados en el Museo La Plata. Boletin del Museo de La Plata, 1, 1 - 26." type="journal article">Ameghino (1887b)</bibRefCitation>
completed the former diagnosis by giving the dimensions of a mandibular fragment with at least p1m3. Once again,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF5B8312C2E828968EA6FEC9" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" refId="ref17032" refString="Ameghino, F. (1889) Contribucion al conocimiento de los mamiferos fosiles de la Republica Argentina. Actas de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Cordoba, 6, i - xxxii, 1 - 1027, atlas of 98 pls." type="journal article">Ameghino (1889, plate 14: figs. 911, 1418)</bibRefCitation>
expanded the original description of the species and illustrated three isolated upper teeth (
<date id="FFFB104DCF5B8312C5F4294D8B49FEC9" box="[1265,1289,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">I1</date>
, P2 and M1; figs. 911), three isolated lower teeth (p3, p4 and m1; figs. 1416), a right maxillary fragment with P4M3 (fig. 17), and a left mandibular ramus with its teeth (fig. 18). It is worth to mention that he recognised that by 1889 this species was known only by fragmentary materials and that there was no complete upper or lower series available. None of these illustrated specimens is the left maxilla used in the original description as they involve isolated teeth, a mandibular fragment and a right maxilla, which leads us to conclude that the
<typeStatus id="54FE882FCF5B8312C55529FE8AF2FE05" box="[1104,1202,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was not illustrated. According to Ameghinos catalogue, MACN-A 3882, an incomplete skull with almost complete dentition (alveoli of both
<date id="FFFB104DCF5B8312C1EA2A498F46FDCD" box="[239,262,512,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">I1</date>
and left
<date id="FFFB104DCF5B8312C0692A498FE2FDCD" box="[364,418,512,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">I23</date>
, and complete right
<date id="FFFB104DCF5B8312C38C2A498CE0FDCD" box="[649,672,512,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">I2</date>
M3 and left CM3), and MACN-A 3884, a mandibular symphysis and its right mandibular ramus, are the
<typeStatus id="54FE882FCF5B8312C3772A6C8CE2FDE8" box="[626,674,549,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">type</typeStatus>
specimens. In contrast,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF5B8312C2C02A6C8A27FDE8" box="[965,1127,548,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" refId="ref18248" refString="Mones A. (1986) Palaeovertebrata Sudamericana. Catalogo Sistematico de los Vertebrados Fosiles de America del Sur, Parte I. Preliminary List and Bibliography. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 82, 1 - 625." type="journal article">Mones (1986)</bibRefCitation>
did not indicate any
<typeStatus id="54FE882FCF5B8312C4692A6C8BDCFDE8" box="[1388,1436,549,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">type</typeStatus>
specimen, and just mentioned “MLP (-)”, meaning that it was supposed to be housed at the MLP but that it could also be lost.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF5B8312C1C22AD98A39FC38" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">
MACN-A 3882 is discarded as the holotype because it does not correspond to the fragmented left maxilla initially described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF5B8312C0962AFD8C2DFD19" box="[403,621,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" refId="ref16898" refString="Ameghino, F. (1887 a) Observaciones generales sobre el orden de mamiferos extinguidos sub-americanos llamados Toxodontes (Toxodontia) y sinopsis de los generos y especies hasta ahora conocidos. Anales del Museo de La Plata, 1 (1), 1 - 66." type="journal article">Ameghino (1887a)</bibRefCitation>
. In turn, MACN-A 3884 is the mandibular fragment described shortly after (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF5B8312C1D82A9E8FEBFD25" box="[221,427,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" refId="ref16947" refString="Ameghino, F. (1887 b) Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de mamiferos fosiles coleccionados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenos eocenos de la Patagonia austral y depositados en el Museo La Plata. Boletin del Museo de La Plata, 1, 1 - 26." type="journal article">Ameghino 1887b</bibRefCitation>
), but it is not part of the type material as this is only composed of one specimen as highlighted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF5B8312C0442AB58C58FCC1" box="[321,536,764,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" refId="ref16898" refString="Ameghino, F. (1887 a) Observaciones generales sobre el orden de mamiferos extinguidos sub-americanos llamados Toxodontes (Toxodontia) y sinopsis de los generos y especies hasta ahora conocidos. Anales del Museo de La Plata, 1 (1), 1 - 66." type="journal article">Ameghino (1887a)</bibRefCitation>
, which is the maxillary fragment that constitutes the holotype. In contrast, there are two identical casts in the Ameghino Collection, MACN-A 1338 and MACN-A
<date id="FFFB104DCF5B8312C56D2B568A8CFCED" box="[1128,1228,799,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" value="1345" valueMax="1346">134546</date>
, which match the original diagnosis as they are the casts of a left maxilla with broken P3, labially incomplete P4M1 and complete M23, strongly excavated tooth row, and M13 with anterior lobe slightly wider than the posterior lobe. In addition, Ameghino wrote “Moreno” next to the description of MACN-A
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his catalogue, and “tipo de
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0ECF5B8312C1922BE68FD4FC1D" authority="Mo." authorityName="Mo." box="[151,404,943,968]" class="Mammalia" family="Interatheriidae" genus="Toxodontophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoungulata" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF5B8312C1922BE68F1DFC1D" box="[151,349,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">Toxodontophanus</emphasis>
Mo.
</taxonomicName>
” next to MACN-A
<date id="FFFB104DCF5B8312C3702BE68C9AFC1D" box="[629,730,943,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" value="1345" valueMax="1346">134546</date>
, a fact that reinforces the inference that they correspond to the maxilla collected by Moreno and, therefore, both are recognised as casts of the holotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF5B8312C1C22BBE8B40FB8D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">
Unfortunately, the original piece has not been located, as no specimen in the studied collections—by direct observations (e.g., MACN, MLP and ZMK) and/or by means of photographs (e.g., AMNH, FM and YPM)— matches the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0ECF5B8312C3262C088CDAFB8D" baseAuthorityName="Ameghino" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[547,666,1087,1112]" class="Mammalia" family="Interatheriidae" genus="Protypotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoungulata" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF5B8312C3262C088CDAFB8D" box="[547,666,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">P. australe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the casts MACN-A 1338 and MACN-A
<date id="FFFB104DCF5B8312C5922C768ABDFB8D" box="[1175,1277,1087,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" value="1345" valueMax="1346">134546</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF5B8312C1C22C2D8F42FB75" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">
<materialsCitation id="3B2D3CD0CF5B8312C1C22C2D8F42FB75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828873141" collectionCode="SALMA" location="Santa Cruz Province" pageId="8" pageNumber="481" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF5B8312C1C22C2D8DBEFBA8" bold="true" box="[199,1022,1124,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">
Chronological and geographical distribution of the
<typeStatus id="54FE882FCF5B8312C24C2C2D8D3DFBA8" box="[841,893,1124,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">type</typeStatus>
specimen.
</emphasis>
Santacrucian
<collectionCode id="ED54AE48CF5B8312C5A32C2D8B4BFBA9" box="[1190,1291,1124,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">SALMA</collectionCode>
,
<collectingRegion id="4981F86FCF5B8312C41E2C2D8EBFFB75" country="Argentina" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">
Santa
<collectingRegion id="4981F86FCF5B8312C4632C2D8EBFFB75" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="481">Cruz Province</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>