898 lines
87 KiB
XML
898 lines
87 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788550" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5c2ea8f4-6c5d-49ad-bcc6-8946b4eb632b" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163752663" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788550" ID-ZooBank="7056E01D-A8ED-44D1-833C-6909E0D18C10" approvalRequired="11" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="11" checkinTime="1587995422736" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schmidt, Christian" docDate="2010" docId="03E8C171581F740AFCB6DD8BFC5243EA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2177.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 39 (39)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@5af8ef61" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Enargia infumata" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="215" masterDocId="FFD1B909581C7400FC3ADE5BFFFB475D" masterDocTitle="Review of the Nearctic species of Enargia Hubner, [1821] (Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Xylenini)" masterLastPageNumber="223" masterPageNumber="205" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" updateTime="1643559262475" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the Nearctic species of Enargia Hubner, [1821] (Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Xylenini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-03-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>39</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>39</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>205</mods:start>
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<mods:end>223</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.39.429</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">5c2ea8f4-6c5d-49ad-bcc6-8946b4eb632b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576642</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7056E01D-A8ED-44D1-833C-6909E0D18C10</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788550" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163752663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788550" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E8C171581F740AFCB6DD8BFC5243EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E8C171581F740AFCB6DD8BFC5243EA" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">
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||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="208" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="3.[140,526,976,1038]" box="[140,526,976,1002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">
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||
<heading box="[140,526,976,1002]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Grote, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[140,526,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,526,976,1002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,354,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">Enargia infumata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Grote AR" box="[369,516,976,1002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" pagination="145 - 163" refId="ref8432" refString="Grote AR (1874) Notes on American Lepidoptera with descriptions of twenty-one new species. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of the Natural Sciences 2: 145 - 163." type="journal article" year="1874">Grote, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,526,976,1038]" box="[140,390,1011,1038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">Figs 1–18, 55, 59, 64.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="208" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1107,1082,1320]" box="[140,555,1082,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">
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<taxonomicName authority="Grote, 1874" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1874" box="[140,491,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
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<emphasis box="[140,343,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">Orthosia infumata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Grote AR" box="[350,491,1082,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" pagination="145 - 163" refId="ref8432" refString="Grote AR (1874) Notes on American Lepidoptera with descriptions of twenty-one new species. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of the Natural Sciences 2: 145 - 163." type="journal article" year="1874">Grote, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 160.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1107,1082,1320]" box="[140,677,1117,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">
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<taxonomicName authority="Smith, 1900" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1900" box="[140,496,1117,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctirena">
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<emphasis box="[140,344,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">Cosmia punctirena</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith JB" box="[352,496,1117,1143]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" pagination="217 - 225" refId="ref8877" refString="Smith JB (1900). New noctuids from British North America, with notes on some others. Canadian Entomologist 32: 217 - 225." type="journal article" year="1900">Smith, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 222, pl. 5, f. 6.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1107,1082,1320]" box="[140,484,1152,1179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1900" box="[140,344,1153,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctirena">
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<emphasis box="[140,344,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">Cosmia punctirena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Dod FHW" box="[359,480,1152,1179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" pagination="241 - 252" refId="ref8221" refString="Dod FHW (1905) Preliminary list of macro-lepidoptera of Alberta, N. W. T. [continued]. The Canadian Entomologist 37: 241 - 252." type="journal article" year="1905">Dod 1905</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1107,1082,1320]" box="[140,757,1187,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">
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<taxonomicName authority="Franclemont, 1939" authorityName="Franclemont" authorityYear="1939" box="[140,555,1187,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mephisto">
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<emphasis box="[140,328,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">Enargia mephisto</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont JG" box="[335,555,1187,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" pagination="113 - 116" refId="ref8401" refString="Franclemont JG (1939) Revision of the American species of the genus Enargia Hhbner (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae, Amphipyrinae). Canadian Entomologist 71: 113 - 116." type="journal article" year="1939">Franclemont, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 115, f. 2,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[678,757,1187,1213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">syn. n.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1107,1082,1320]" box="[140,580,1222,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[140,334,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
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<emphasis box="[140,334,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">Enargia infumata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Forbes WTM" box="[349,492,1222,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" pagination="1 - 433" refId="ref8369" refString="Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433." type="journal article" year="1954">Forbes 1954</bibRefCitation>
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, in part
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1107,1082,1320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Franclemont" authorityYear="1939" box="[140,330,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mephisto">
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<emphasis box="[140,330,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">Enargia mephisto</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Rings RW & Metzler EH & Arnold FJ & Harris DH" box="[346,546,1258,1284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" pagination="1 - 219" refId="ref8812" refString="Rings RW, Metzler EH, Arnold FJ, Harris DH (1992) Owlet moths of Ohio order Lepidoptera family Noctuidae. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin 9 (2): 1 - 219" type="journal article" year="1992">Rings et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. XV f. 23.
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<bibRefCitation author="Handfield L" box="[717,902,1258,1284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" refId="ref8533" refString="Handfield L (1999) Le guide des papillons du Quebec, version scientifique [A guide to the butterflies of Quebec, scientific version]. Broquet, Boucherville, QC, 982 pp + 123 plates, map." type="book" year="1999">Handfield 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 92, f. 9551-1, 9551-2.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,1363,1672]" lastBlockId="4.[140,1108,166,1672]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,312,1363,1389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">
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<emphasis box="[140,198,1363,1389]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" reason="1">Type</emphasis>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1874" box="[319,523,1363,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
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<emphasis box="[319,523,1363,1390]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">Orthosia infumata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[537,646,1363,1389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">
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<typeStatus box="[537,646,1363,1389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">lectotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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female, here designated.
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<collectionCode box="[933,1027,1364,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">BMNH</collectionCode>
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, examined. Type locality: “Chautauqua Co., N. Y.” Although
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<bibRefCitation author="Grote AR" box="[758,920,1399,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" pagination="145 - 163" refId="ref8432" refString="Grote AR (1874) Notes on American Lepidoptera with descriptions of twenty-one new species. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of the Natural Sciences 2: 145 - 163." type="journal article" year="1874">Grote’s (1874)</bibRefCitation>
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statement in the original description that “specimens received from Mr. Geo. Norman” suggests that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">E. infumata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could have been based on several
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<typeStatus box="[630,729,1470,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">syntypes</typeStatus>
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, only one wing expanse measurement is given, and the type locality is restricted to Chautauqua Co., NY. Norman’s material originates from Ontario (M. Honey, pers. comm.). Th e type material most likely was a single Chautauqua Co. specimen, although this is not beyond question. To ensure the stability of the name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1874" box="[567,774,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
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<emphasis box="[567,774,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">Orthosia infumata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the following female specimen is therefore designated as
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[485,602,1645,1671]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">
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<typeStatus box="[485,596,1645,1671]" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">lectotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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“Grote Coll.”; “
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<collectingCountry box="[788,838,1645,1671]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="208">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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America / [crossed out, undecipherable] Co. / Chautauqua / Co. / N.Y.”; “1938. / 265”; “Type” [round, red bordered label];
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<taxonomicName box="[324,424,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthosia</taxonomicName>
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/ infumata / Type Grote” [
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<collectionCode box="[726,825,201,228]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">BMNH</collectionCode>
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]. Th e following label will be added: “
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<taxonomicName box="[266,368,237,263]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthosia</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName authority="Grote" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1874" box="[393,568,237,263]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">infumata Grote</taxonomicName>
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/
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<typeStatus box="[592,703,238,264]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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by / Schmidt, 2010”. Although the abdomen is missing, the specimen is otherwise in good condition, and shows the dusky grey-ochre forewing colour (probably reflected by the name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1874" box="[833,934,308,334]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
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<emphasis box="[833,934,308,334]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">infumata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) with a poorly contrasting reniform and orbicular, less sinuate AM line, dull ochre hindwing, and smaller wing expanse compared to the species previously thought to be
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1874" box="[973,1108,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
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<emphasis box="[973,1108,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. infumata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and described here as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[387,482,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
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<emphasis box="[387,482,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. fausta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1900" box="[185,393,449,475]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctirena">
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<emphasis box="[185,393,449,475]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">Cosmia punctirena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[411,520,448,474]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[411,520,448,474]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
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male (designated by
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Todd EL" box="[770,904,448,474]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" pagination="1 - 228" refId="ref8961" refString="Todd EL (1982) Th e noctuid type material of John B. Smith (Lepidoptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1645: 1 - 228." type="journal article" year="1982">Todd 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode box="[927,1016,448,474]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
, photograph examined.Type locality: “Yellowstone Park,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[700,817,483,509]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
|
||
.” Th e specimen illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith JB" box="[174,326,519,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" pagination="217 - 225" refId="ref8877" refString="Smith JB (1900). New noctuids from British North America, with notes on some others. Canadian Entomologist 32: 217 - 225." type="journal article" year="1900">Smith (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[400,502,519,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Todd EL" box="[669,816,519,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" pagination="1 - 228" refId="ref8961" refString="Todd EL (1982) Th e noctuid type material of John B. Smith (Lepidoptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1645: 1 - 228." type="journal article" year="1982">Todd (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the relatively unicolourous, dark forewing, non-contrasting reniform and orbicular, and pronounced black spot in the reniform, show that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1900" box="[493,639,590,615]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctirena">
|
||
<emphasis box="[493,639,590,615]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. punctirena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is correctly attributed to the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1874" box="[140,273,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,273,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additional Barnes specimens collected in August in Yellowstone (
|
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<collectionCode box="[1033,1099,624,650]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
) are of the same provenance as the original types, although these are not
|
||
<typeStatus box="[940,1103,659,685]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, and are also
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1874" box="[280,412,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[280,412,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Th e original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1900" box="[735,882,695,720]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctirena">
|
||
<emphasis box="[735,882,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. punctirena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was probably based on a mixed series of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1874" box="[378,512,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[378,512,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[572,680,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[572,680,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[726,834,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[726,834,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens in the
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1044,1108,730,756]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">CNC</collectionCode>
|
||
from Glenwood Springs,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[440,547,765,791]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Barnes, September) and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[857,968,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[857,968,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cartwright, MB (Heath, August) are of the same provenance as the original
|
||
<typeStatus box="[947,1033,801,827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series. Although this does not affect the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1900" box="[680,796,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctirena">
|
||
<emphasis box="[680,796,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">punctirena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the diagnosis of the taxon by Smith is inaccurate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Franclemont" authorityYear="1939" box="[185,376,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mephisto">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,376,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">Enargia mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[393,499,906,932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[393,499,906,932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
male.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[579,654,906,932]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sxrc-6x8s" name="Cornell University Insect Collection" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" type="University or college">CUIC</collectionCode>
|
||
, examined. Type locality: “Ithaca,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
.” see ‘Remarks’ below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="210" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,310,976,1002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,305,976,1002]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[317,507,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[317,507,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">Enargia infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[712,806,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[712,806,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Overall,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[916,1045,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[916,1045,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a paler ochre, less yellow look to it with less contrasting markings and greater variation in colour. Th e unicolorous smoky-grey forms are unique to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[785,916,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[785,916,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(it was this phenotype that formed the basis of Franclemont’s description of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Franclemont" authorityYear="1939" box="[837,962,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mephisto">
|
||
<emphasis box="[837,962,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[170,264,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[170,264,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[279,409,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[279,409,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly smaller, has slightly thicker, less sharply defined AM and PM lines (when these are visible at all), less sinuate PM line, a dull, pale ochre (vs. yellow-ochre) hindwing ground colour, and the reniform and orbicular are often concolourous with the forewing ground colour (not paler and contrasting), and with a discontinuous or absent outline (thin, crisp outline in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[708,801,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[708,801,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[978,1108,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[978,1108,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Prairie Provinces average slightly larger and paler than eastern
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[967,1100,1293,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[967,1100,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and therefore have a general appearance more like that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[782,875,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[782,875,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Internally, the valve length is shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[356,486,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[356,486,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[502,643,1363,1390]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.6">2.6–2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
from apex to clasper at dorsal margin, vs.
|
||
<quantity box="[140,278,1398,1425]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="3.4" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.3">3.3–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[313,405,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[313,405,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the cornuti of the vesica are smaller overall (length of free apex less than
|
||
<quantity box="[242,346,1434,1460]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs. greater than
|
||
<quantity box="[531,635,1434,1460]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" unit="mm" value="0.11">0.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[672,766,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[672,766,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), with a relatively much larger sclerotized plate of the right cornutus (length of plate 4–5 × greater than length of free apex of cornutus, compared to 2.0–2.5 × in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[633,727,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[633,727,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Th e peniculum (tegumen lobes) are on average shorter and broader (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont JG" box="[532,743,1539,1566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" pagination="113 - 116" refId="ref8401" refString="Franclemont JG (1939) Revision of the American species of the genus Enargia Hhbner (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae, Amphipyrinae). Canadian Entomologist 71: 113 - 116." type="journal article" year="1939">Franclemont 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forbes WTM" box="[754,894,1539,1566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" pagination="1 - 433" refId="ref8369" refString="Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433." type="journal article" year="1954">Forbes 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but there is much overlap in shape between the two species and this is not a reliable diagnostic trait. In the female, the corpus bursae differs in size and shape, being longer (5–6 × length of segment VIII vs. 3.5–4.0 × in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[436,528,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[436,528,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and more narrow-elongate than
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[906,998,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[906,998,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="209">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 64).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1105,1243,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,290,1243,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">Figures Ι–Ι8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[300,462,1243,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[300,462,1243,1265]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">Enargia infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[542,581,1243,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">Ι–3</emphasis>
|
||
♁, Kootenay Plains, AB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[895,947,1243,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">4–ΙΙ</emphasis>
|
||
♁, Edmunston, NB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[245,271,1275,1297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">Ι2</emphasis>
|
||
♁, Taber, AB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[472,499,1275,1297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">
|
||
Ι
|
||
<specimenCount box="[479,499,1275,1297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="210" type="female">3</specimenCount>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
♀, Panguitch, UT,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[686,731,1275,1296]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[739,803,1275,1297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">
|
||
Ι4–Ι
|
||
<specimenCount box="[786,803,1275,1297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="210" type="female">5</specimenCount>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
♀, Kootenay Plains, AB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,205,1307,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">
|
||
Ι6–Ι
|
||
<specimenCount box="[187,205,1307,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="210" type="female">8</specimenCount>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
♀, Edmunston, NB, CAN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="5" pageNumber="210" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,1363,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,360,1363,1389]" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,354,1363,1389]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="210" reason="1">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[367,449,1363,1390]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">
|
||
Head
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[434,449,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">–</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Antenna of male prismatic, segments as wide as long; antenna of female filiform and ciliate; scales of dorsal antenna, scape, vertex, and palpus unicolorous but co-varying with ground colour of wings, from pale ochre, yellow ochre, brownish grey, to dull rusty brown.
|
||
<emphasis box="[636,736,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">
|
||
Thorax
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[721,736,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">–</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Vestiture of thorax, patagia and prothoracic collar unicolorous, but varying from pale ochre, yellow ochre, brownish grey, to dull rusty brown; legs dull ochre yellow with longer scales of corresponding colour on femur and tibia.
|
||
<emphasis box="[413,503,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">
|
||
Wings
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[488,503,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="210">–</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing length: eastern populations average slightly smaller at
|
||
<quantity box="[258,363,1610,1636]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="5" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="16.4">16.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 6) versus
|
||
<quantity box="[537,642,1610,1636]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="17.4">17.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 6) for western populations; females slightly larger overall at
|
||
<quantity box="[409,514,1645,1672]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="5" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="17.5">17.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 3) for eastern and
|
||
<quantity box="[783,888,1645,1672]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8399999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="18.4">18.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 3) for western
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1105,1278,1461]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,302,1278,1300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">Figures Ι9–34.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1821" box="[310,381,1279,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[310,381,1279,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">Enargia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[458,484,1278,1300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">Ι9</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[492,573,1279,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[492,573,1279,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus box="[586,667,1279,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
♁, St.-Basile, NB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[910,936,1278,1300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">20</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[947,1028,1279,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[947,1028,1279,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Edmunston, NB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[341,367,1310,1332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">2Ι</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[375,455,1311,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[375,455,1311,1332]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Temiscouata Co., QC, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[772,798,1310,1332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">22</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[809,889,1311,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,889,1311,1332]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Black Sturgeon L., ON, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[245,271,1342,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">23</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[277,355,1343,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[277,355,1343,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Edmunston, NB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[614,640,1342,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">24</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[649,727,1343,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[649,727,1343,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Peers, AB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[920,946,1342,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">25</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[955,1033,1343,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[955,1033,1343,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Edmunston, NB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[336,362,1374,1396]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">26</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[368,446,1375,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[368,446,1375,1396]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Black Sturgeon L., ON, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[767,793,1374,1396]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">27</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[802,880,1375,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[802,880,1375,1396]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[891,903,1375,1396]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
St.-Basile, NB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,204,1406,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">28–30</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[211,290,1407,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[211,290,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[302,314,1407,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, St.-Basile, NB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[527,554,1406,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">3Ι</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[566,587,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Delta" authorityName="Delta" box="[600,740,1406,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paleacea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[600,673,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">paleacea</emphasis>
|
||
, Delta
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, BC, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[850,876,1406,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">32</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[882,981,1407,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paleacea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[882,981,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E. paleacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1022,1105,1407,1428]" name="Hungary" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,166,1438,1460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">33</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[172,271,1439,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paleacea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[172,271,1439,1460]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E. paleacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[283,295,1439,1460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[307,390,1439,1460]" name="Hungary" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[396,422,1438,1460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">34</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[429,527,1439,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="211" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paleacea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[429,527,1439,1460]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">E. paleacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[567,642,1438,1460]" name="Finland" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,1504,1672]" lastBlockId="7.[140,1108,167,1671]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="6" pageNumber="211">
|
||
specimens; forewing ground color varying from pale ochre, yellowish ochre, brownish grey to rusty brown; dark markings varying from charcoal grey to reddish brown, and highly contrasting to virtually absent; angle of antemedial line rounded and obtuse, about 130°–140°; postmedial line evenly rounded to slightly sinuate; medial band varying from thick and diffuse to obsolete, co-varying with dark terminal and sub- apical shading; pale subterminal line present in specimens with dark terminal shading (Fig. 12); reniform and orbicular usually concolorous with wing ground colour or only slightly paler, rarely contrastingly pale; border of reniform and orbicular weakly defined and usually interrupted, or absent altogether; base of reniform (towards anal margin) with dark grey spot of varying size, but spot nearly always darkest of forewing markings; claviform absent; fringe concolorous with ground colour; ventral forewing less variable than dorsum, ground colour pale yellowish ochre with postmedial line and reniform spot variously developed, more so in specimens with contrasting dorsal markings and antemedial line absent. Hindwing ground colour pale yellowish ochre with dark shading varying in extent and colour from grey to dull maroon; postmedial line and broader, diffuse subterminal band visible when dark markings developed, varying to entirely absent; medial line better defined ventrally, with ventral discal spot similarly dark (rarely visible dorsally).
|
||
<emphasis box="[483,585,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[596,611,589,615]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">–</emphasis>
|
||
Vestiture mix of pale yellowish-ochre and darker scales of colour of those on forewing dark markings; males with terminal and lateral scale tufts, which are absent in females.
|
||
<emphasis box="[656,833,659,686]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">
|
||
Male genitalia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[818,833,660,686]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">–</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs 55, 59). Uncus cylindrical, tapering to a small distal hook; tegumen with large peniculum, consisting of long, triangular subdorsal lobe, 0.3 × length of valve, and short, rounded lobe adjacent to uncus base; valve
|
||
<quantity box="[373,515,765,792]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.6">2.6–2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 4 × as long as wide (measured at widest part), corona extending from apex along ventral margin over 1/2 length of valve; sacculus 0.5 × valve length; clasper spatulate, recurved, and directed caudally; aedeagus 7 × as long as wide, tube shaped, with field of 10–18 short, stout backward-directed spines at ventral margin of apex; ventral margin of apex rounded and slightly scoop-like; vesica small, simple, bulbous, 0.4 × length of aedeagus, with two stout cornuti positioned laterally and directed caudad; free apex of cornuti equally sized (
|
||
<quantity box="[824,1028,976,1003]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.05" metricValueMax="9.9" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" unit="mm" value="0.0905" valueMax="0.099" valueMin="0.082">
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[824,891,976,1002]" degrees="0.082" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" precision="55" value="0.082">0.082</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[891,972,976,1002]" degrees="0.099" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" precision="55" value="-0.099">–0.099</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); distal opening of vesica extending dorsally from vesica as gradually tapering tube.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
– (Fig. 64). Ovipositor lobes bluntly triangular in lateral view, ventral margin slightly concave, covered in short hair-like setae; abdominal segment VIII 0.7 × as long as wide, anterior apophysis 1.5 × and posterior apophysis 2.3 × length of abdominal segment VIII; ductus bursae extremely short, 2 × length of ostium, appearing thicker and more rugose than corpus bursae; long, duct-like proximal two-thirds of corpus bursae (which initially appears to be ductus bursae) with only slight widening toward ovoid distal chamber; corpus bursae 5–6 × length of segment VIII, lacking signa; ductus seminalis originating dorsad and slightly caudad of distal end of ductus bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,498,1328,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,336,1328,1354]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
and biology.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[509,707,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[509,707,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Enargia infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a broad North American distribution, occurring from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[440,513,1363,1389]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
south to
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[625,739,1363,1389]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
and the Pinaleno Mountains of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[140,231,1399,1425]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
, east to
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[326,508,1399,1425]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[568,685,1399,1425]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
. No specimens were seen from
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
|
||
although the species undoubtedly occurs there; the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[819,958,1434,1460]" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimen illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferguson DC" box="[280,463,1469,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" pagination="1 - 375" refId="ref8307" refString="Ferguson DC (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of Nova Scotia. Proceedings of Nova Scotian Institute of Science 23 (3): 1 - 375." type="journal article" year="1954">Ferguson (1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. x, fig. 4) is
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[638,734,1469,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[638,734,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the eastern part of the range, the peak flight period occurs between mid- and late July, with extreme dates from mid- June to mid-August.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[381,577,1540,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[381,577,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Enargia infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flies three to four weeks earlier than
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[1003,1100,1540,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1003,1100,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and there is very little temporal overlap between the two in any given year; generally,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[140,235,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,235,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not appear until late July and peaks in mid- to late August. Flight times for the boreal forest region from northern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[646,737,1645,1671]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="7" pageNumber="212">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||
westward indicate slightly later
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1107,1462,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,301,1462,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Figures 35–54.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1821" box="[307,378,1463,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[307,378,1463,1484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Enargia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[451,477,1462,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">35</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[484,572,1462,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[484,572,1462,1484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Temiscouata Co., QC, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[885,911,1462,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">36</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[920,1008,1462,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[920,1008,1462,1484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Princeton, BC, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[292,358,1494,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">37–38</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[363,450,1494,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[363,450,1494,1516]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, St.-Basile, NB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[688,753,1494,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">39–4Ι</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[762,848,1494,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[762,848,1494,1516]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Edmunston, NB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,166,1526,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">42</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[172,258,1526,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[172,258,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Wainwright sand dunes, AB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[623,649,1526,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">43</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[658,744,1526,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[658,744,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[756,768,1527,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Josephine, OR,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[927,972,1527,1548]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[977,1003,1526,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">44</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1015,1101,1526,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1015,1101,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[140,152,1559,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Hanwell, NB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[363,428,1558,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">45–48</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[441,530,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[441,530,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[544,556,1559,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Edmunston NB, CAN
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[791,817,1558,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">49</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[831,920,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,920,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Dalton Springs cmpgd., San Juan Co., UT,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[412,457,1590,1611]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[466,492,1590,1612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">50</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[501,590,1590,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[501,590,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Dalton Springs cmpgd., San Juan Co., UT,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1060,1105,1590,1611]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,166,1622,1644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">5Ι</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[173,261,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[173,261,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[274,286,1623,1644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Chiloquin, OR,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[455,500,1622,1643]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[506,532,1622,1644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">52</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[546,633,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[546,633,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, McGill, NV,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[799,844,1622,1643]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[850,876,1622,1644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">53</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[886,974,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[886,974,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Durango, CO,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[188,233,1654,1675]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,264,1654,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">54</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[271,357,1654,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[271,357,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♁, Mt. Graham, Graham, Co.,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[660,708,1654,1675]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
flight dates for
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=": In" authorityName="In" box="[309,480,167,193]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[309,441,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
: In
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
central
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[569,655,167,193]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[666,798,167,193]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[666,798,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
peaks from late July to mid August, with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[292,387,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[292,387,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
again slightly later in mid- to late August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McGuffin WC" box="[185,386,237,264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" pagination="114 - 124" refId="ref8706" refString="McGuffin WC (1958) Biological and Descriptive Notes on Noctuid Larvae. Canadian Entomologist 90: 114 - 124." type="journal article" year="1958">McGuffin (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrates the larval head capsule and provides a detailed description identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[390,523,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[390,523,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but given the past confusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[895,1027,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[895,1027,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is not certain which species his account pertains to. I have not been able to find vouchers or associated adults in McGuffi n’s material at the CNC.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Prentice RM" box="[931,1107,343,370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" pagination="77 - 281" refId="ref8764" refString="Prentice RM (1962) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 2: Nycteolidae, Notodontidae, Noctuidae, Liparidae. Canada Department of Forestry, Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch, Publication No. 1013, 77 - 281." type="book chapter" year="1962">Prentice (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports most larval collections (45/61) from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Michx." authorityName="Michx." box="[658,969,378,404]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremuloides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[658,875,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Populus tremuloides</emphasis>
|
||
Michx.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Marsh." authorityName="Marsh." box="[140,410,413,439]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papyrifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,324,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Betula papyrifera</emphasis>
|
||
Marsh.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(13/61) and a few collections from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[804,858,413,439]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[804,858,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Salix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (2 collections) and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[140,355,448,474]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balsamifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,355,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Populus balsamifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (1 collection), but again it is not clear if these records pertain to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[140,271,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,271,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[308,402,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[308,402,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but likely both, since
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Franclemont" authorityYear="1939" box="[657,783,483,509]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mephisto">
|
||
<emphasis box="[657,783,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not mentioned in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Prentice RM" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" pagination="77 - 281" refId="ref8764" refString="Prentice RM (1962) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 2: Nycteolidae, Notodontidae, Noctuidae, Liparidae. Canada Department of Forestry, Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch, Publication No. 1013, 77 - 281." type="book chapter" year="1962">Prentice (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. I have confirmed
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[426,574,519,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremuloides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[426,574,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">P. tremuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a definite (and probably preferred) host from reared specimens. Th e larval biology and description needs to be re-evaluated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,295,589,615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,290,589,615]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" reason="1">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont JG" box="[301,522,589,615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" pagination="113 - 116" refId="ref8401" refString="Franclemont JG (1939) Revision of the American species of the genus Enargia Hhbner (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae, Amphipyrinae). Canadian Entomologist 71: 113 - 116." type="journal article" year="1939">Franclemont (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
correctly recognized that three species were going un- der what had previously been treated as a single species,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[741,842,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[741,842,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dod FHW" box="[855,986,624,651]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" pagination="241 - 252" refId="ref8221" refString="Dod FHW (1905) Preliminary list of macro-lepidoptera of Alberta, N. W. T. [continued]. The Canadian Entomologist 37: 241 - 252." type="journal article" year="1905">Dod (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also recognized early on that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[347,449,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[347,449,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[503,630,660,686]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[503,630,660,686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were separate species, and gave several diagnostic traits separating the two (which I had initially overlooked, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont JG" box="[886,1107,695,721]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" pagination="113 - 116" refId="ref8401" refString="Franclemont JG (1939) Revision of the American species of the genus Enargia Hhbner (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae, Amphipyrinae). Canadian Entomologist 71: 113 - 116." type="journal article" year="1939">Franclemont (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
made no mention of either).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Franclemont JG" box="[452,672,730,756]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" pagination="113 - 116" refId="ref8401" refString="Franclemont JG (1939) Revision of the American species of the genus Enargia Hhbner (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae, Amphipyrinae). Canadian Entomologist 71: 113 - 116." type="journal article" year="1939">Franclemont (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized a third species and described it as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Franclemont" authorityYear="1939" box="[192,315,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mephisto">
|
||
<emphasis box="[192,315,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on two specimens. Comparison of phenotype and genitalic variation in long series of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Franclemont" authorityYear="1939" box="[385,508,800,826]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mephisto">
|
||
<emphasis box="[385,508,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[564,693,800,826]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[564,693,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(of authors), and
|
||
<emphasis box="[894,947,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">CO1</emphasis>
|
||
sequence data shows that these two taxa have been largely misunderstood. Variation in the size and shape of the tegumen arms (‘shoulders’ of Franclemont) shows that these characters are not diagnostic, and the most consistent male genitalic character is the size and position of the cornuti of the inflated vesica (Fig. 59) (Franclemont used uninflated vesicae in his diagnosis). Additional distinguishing characters are given under ‘Diagnosis,’ above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
Why Franclemont considered all of the other
|
||
<specimenCount box="[714,867,1011,1038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="generic">81 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from sites across the continent to be
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[323,456,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[323,456,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(of authors; =
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[627,691,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[627,691,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Franclemont" authorityYear="1939" box="[843,970,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mephisto">
|
||
<emphasis box="[843,970,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not clear, since many western specimens are indistinguishable from eastern
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Franclemont" authorityYear="1939" box="[870,995,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mephisto">
|
||
<emphasis box="[870,995,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare Figs 1, 13, 16). Presumably he had few western specimens and lacked the ‘typical’
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Franclemont" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mephisto">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
phenotype in his material, compounded by the slightly larger, paler western phenotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Grote)" baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[304,538,1188,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[304,440,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
(Grote)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which therefore bears greater resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It would therefore have been diffi cult to ‘draw the line’ between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[960,1056,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[960,1056,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and phenotypic variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Franclemont" authorityYear="1939" box="[422,552,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mephisto">
|
||
<emphasis box="[422,552,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without long series of specimens and extensive comparison of dissections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
Following Franclemont’s revision, the more northerly pale species described herein as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[167,261,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[167,184,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[197,261,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the paler forms of the widespread species
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[776,907,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[776,793,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[806,907,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were both treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[170,305,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[170,187,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[204,305,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the darker forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[651,785,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[651,668,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[684,785,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Franclemont" authorityYear="1939" box="[972,1100,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mephisto">
|
||
<emphasis box="[972,989,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1005,1100,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[140,337,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,337,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Enargia infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Franclemont" authorityYear="1939" box="[387,516,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mephisto">
|
||
<emphasis box="[387,516,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was thought to be the less common taxon with a more easterly distribution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forbes WTM" box="[443,590,1469,1496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" pagination="1 - 433" refId="ref8369" refString="Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433." type="journal article" year="1954">Forbes 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In reality
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[717,911,1469,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[717,911,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Enargia infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[918,952,1470,1496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is widespread and common, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[402,497,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[402,497,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a more restricted distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
The seventeen sequenced specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[642,778,1540,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[642,778,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[854,1058,1539,1565]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[213,307,1575,1601]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[371,553,1575,1601]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
|
||
exhibited seven haplotypes, differing at most by approximately 0.6 % from each other, compared to a 1.7% divergence from the single
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[140,235,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,235,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[139,937,1185,1208]" box="[139,937,1185,1208]" pageId="10" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[139,299,1185,1207]" pageId="10" pageNumber="215">Figures 55–57.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1821" box="[466,537,1186,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[466,537,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="215">Enargia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[549,575,1185,1207]" pageId="10" pageNumber="215">55</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[581,689,1186,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[581,689,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="215">E. infumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[695,721,1185,1207]" pageId="10" pageNumber="215">56</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[728,806,1186,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fausta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[728,806,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="215">E. fausta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[812,838,1185,1207]" pageId="10" pageNumber="215">57</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[844,931,1186,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolor">
|
||
<emphasis box="[844,931,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="215">E. decolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |