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<document id="C265CCEE0D2F8F0AA5D1B5DA35BCC910" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4756.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d48d52e-6505-4f62-909f-5da5c2cfb489" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3736895" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9FF62616-A7FA-4331-AC51-0F534400631D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1585767638433" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Kluge, Nikita J." docDate="2020" docId="039787A6FFFC84078CFBFE5FDA7CF91F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4756.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4756 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Thraulodes niger Kluge, 2020, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="100" masterDocId="FFAEFFDEFF9D84648C6CFFE6DB3EFFA2" masterDocTitle="Systematic position of Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and descriptions of new and little-known species" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="98" updateTime="1698734461607" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="11DDDC83E66E18071DF947C0643406DD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7ACAF47FF724337A4364B233667A784B">
<mods:title id="0755FC16F2127FC18D498CC0CFE77C4D">Systematic position of Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and descriptions of new and little-known species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B71B8B81E7107B939E2368B684A49873" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C83B02603A0285E26C292B6422A549D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B96546935BBDF96035C3AAD256996BCC">Kluge, Nikita J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="86EC6EB7B955C9799FD5DF9794E067C0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FE2D182DC3E5227D926D7317CF31D1F5">
<mods:date id="5D5D98BC46A4BC489C3AC744D592CB10">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F4F8E6DAD0B99D57E9E2D8FD95BDA2FC" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="18A388D44D783C274DD36B121B52AEAF">2020-03-26</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D729883E6172C11B4230F2667D888F07" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9775E17288E519B551A63E121A6E9983">4756</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5B0F879ACD31FF89762F70DF15F27630">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2CE07068D5DBF0668AB2B8623456D6EF">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="CEB119F9E533F975EC45923AAB0C29B5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="23FD73C3D298877041248E5B7B38B948" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4756.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3A3B50B4C290217FA58AB7D01DDA7593" type="GBIF-Dataset">4d48d52e-6505-4f62-909f-5da5c2cfb489</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D19CDA0D2887C602B1797BE9D4F09310" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="352F2203E411DE2C3624B101CF0E7A63" type="Zenodo-Dep">3736895</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4784728DA5CEAD50E4DABD2CAAA17D9A" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9FF62616-A7FA-4331-AC51-0F534400631D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039787A6FFFC84078CFBFE5FDA7CF91F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3811812" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163420770" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3811812" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787A6FFFC84078CFBFE5FDA7CF91F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787A6FFFC84078CFBFE5FDA7CF91F" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<subSubSection id="C324653BFFFC84058CFBFE5FDAE0FE76" box="[151,478,441,468]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CFBFE5FDAE0FE76" blockId="97.[151,478,441,503]" box="[151,478,441,468]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<heading id="D0C981DCFFFC84058CFBFE5FDAE0FE76" bold="true" box="[151,478,441,468]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFC84058CFBFE5FDAE0FE76" bold="true" box="[151,478,441,468]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
13.
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FFFC84058CAFFE5FDAABFE71" box="[195,405,441,468]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFC84058CAFFE5FDAABFE71" bold="true" box="[195,405,441,468]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Thraulodes niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FFFC84058DF0FE5CDAE0FE76" box="[412,478,442,468]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324653BFFFC84058CFBFE3BDA7CFE55" box="[151,322,477,503]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CFBFE3BDA7CFE55" blockId="97.[151,478,441,503]" box="[151,322,477,503]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
(
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC84058CF3FE3BDA05FE55" box="[159,315,477,503]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 411–426" captionStart-1="FIGURES 427–438" captionStart-2="FIGURES 439–447" captionStart-3="FIGURES 448–449" captionStartId-0="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionStartId-1="100.[151,264,1753,1778]" captionStartId-2="101.[151,264,1827,1852]" captionStartId-3="102.[151,264,1977,2002]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1433,172,1800]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,164,1955]" captionTargetId-0="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetId-1="figure@100.[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetId-2="figure@101.[151,1436,166,1808]" captionTargetId-3="figure@102.[151,1436,164,1955]" captionTargetPageId-0="98" captionTargetPageId-1="100" captionTargetPageId-2="101" captionTargetPageId-3="102" captionText-0="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." captionText-1="FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype)." captionText-2="FIGURES 439–447. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 439, apex of penis in dorsal view; 440, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 441, their subimaginal exuviae; 442, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 443, hind wing; 444–447, tergalii I, III, VI and VII." captionText-3="FIGURES 448–449. Thraulodes niger sp. n., eggs." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737015" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737018" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737020" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3737015/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3737018/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3737020/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs 411–449</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324653BFFFC84058CFBFDC0D88EFD9D" box="[151,944,549,576]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CFBFDC0D88EFD9D" blockId="97.[151,1437,549,2015]" box="[151,944,549,576]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFC84058CFBFDC0DA20FDE2" bold="true" box="[151,286,550,576]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Etymology.</emphasis>
Allusion to dark brown, nearly black color of male imago.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324653BFFFC84058CABFDAFDA8FFD51" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CABFDAFDA8FFD51" blockId="97.[151,1437,549,2015]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFC84058CABFDAFDA8FFDC6" bold="true" box="[199,433,585,612]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B563CEDFFFC84058DDBFDACD8D3FD25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594509926" collectingDate="2013-09-17" collectionCode="XLIV" collectorName="N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko." country="Peru" latitude="-11.15" location="Puerto Prado" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="-74.23333" municipality="Provincia Satipo" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Region Junin" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFC84058DDBFDACD910FDC6" bold="true" box="[439,558,586,612]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<typeStatus id="54858812FFFC84058DDBFDACD916FDC6" box="[439,552,586,612]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
L-S-I
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FFFC84058E18FDAFD9B9FDC1" box="[628,647,585,611]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
{specimen [XLIV] (4) 2013},
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FFFC84058F8FFDACDF13FDC6" box="[995,1069,586,612]" name="Peru" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">PERU</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FAF852FFFC84058855FDAFDFEEFDC1" box="[1081,1232,585,611]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Region Junin</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE5ACCAFFFC840588B7FDAFDEA6FDC1" box="[1243,1432,585,611]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Provincia Satipo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE1606BFFFC84058CFBFD88DA16FD25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787A6FFFC84078CFBFE5FDA7CF91F:8EE1606BFFFC84058CFBFD88DA16FD25" box="[151,296,621,648]" country="Peru" latitude="-11.15" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="-74.23333" municipality="Provincia Satipo" name="Puerto Prado" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" stateProvince="Region Junin">Puerto Prado</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A5077FFFC84058D55FD8BDAA8FD25" box="[313,406,621,647]" degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" precision="925" value="-11.15">11°09’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A5077FFFC84058DCFFD8BD933FD25" box="[419,525,621,647]" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" precision="925" value="-74.23333">74°14’W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FF801070FFFC84058E4DFD8BD99DFD25" box="[545,675,621,647]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="2013-09-17">
<collectingDate id="EFC4E998FFFC84058E4DFD8BD99DFD25" box="[545,675,621,647]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="2013-09-17">17.IX.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26CB5366FFFC84058E8BFD88D873FD25" box="[743,845,621,648]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">N. Kluge</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26CB5366FFFC84058F1EFD88D8D3FD25" box="[882,1005,621,648]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">L. Sheyko.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B563CEDFFFC84058F9FFD88D948FD09" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594509899" collectingDate="2013-09-12" collectingDateMax="2013-09-17" collectingDateMin="2013-09-12" collectionCode="XLIV" collectorName="N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko." country="Peru" latitude="-11.15" location="Puerto Prado" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="-74.23333" municipality="Provincia Satipo" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Region Junin" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFC84058F9FFD88DF4BFD2A" bold="true" box="[1011,1141,622,648]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<typeStatus id="54858812FFFC84058F9FFD88DF51FD2A" box="[1011,1135,622,648]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
the same locality and collectors,
<date id="FF801070FFFC84058C9CFD77DAA0FD09" box="[240,414,657,683]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="2013-09-12" valueMax="2013-09-17" valueMin="2013-09-12">
<collectingDate id="EFC4E998FFFC84058C9CFD77DAA0FD09" box="[240,414,657,683]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="2013-09-12" valueMax="2013-09-17" valueMin="2013-09-12">12–17.IX.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
: 2 L-S/I
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FFFC84058D90FD77D92EFD09" box="[508,528,657,683]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, 4 L-S
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FFFC84058E32FD77D94CFD09" box="[606,626,657,683]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B563CEDFFFC84058E12FD77DA7AFD6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594509905" collectingDate="2006-01-08" collectorName="N. Kluge" latitude="-10.95" location="Rio Sotorani" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="-74.86667" municipality="Pichanaki" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-larva="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FFFC84058E12FD77D9F0FD09" box="[638,718,657,683]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE5ACCAFFFC84058EB6FD77D875FD09" box="[730,843,657,683]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Pichanaki</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE1606BFFFC84058F3AFD77D8DBFD09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787A6FFFC84078CFBFE5FDA7CF91F:8EE1606BFFFC84058F3AFD77D8DBFD09" box="[854,997,657,683]" latitude="-10.95" longLatPrecision="1296" longitude="-74.86667" municipality="Pichanaki" name="Rio Sotorani" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Rio Sotorani</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A5077FFFC84058F99FD77DF6DFD0E" box="[1013,1107,657,684]" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" precision="925" value="-10.95">10°57’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A5077FFFC84058833FD77DFF7FD0E" box="[1119,1225,657,684]" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" precision="925" value="-74.86667">74°52’W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FF801070FFFC840588B2FD77DE03FD09" box="[1246,1341,657,683]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="2006-01-08">
<collectingDate id="EFC4E998FFFC840588B2FD77DE03FD09" box="[1246,1341,657,683]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="2006-01-08">8.I.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26CB5366FFFC840589EDFD74DBDEFD6D" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">N. Kluge</collectorName>
: 1 L-S
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FFFC84058D40FD53DA7EFD6D" box="[300,320,693,719]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B563CEDFFFC84058D27FD53DA8FFD51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594509894" collectingDate="2006-01-22" collectorName="N. Kluge" latitude="-9.35" location="Rio Cantaria" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="-75.96667" municipality="Tingo Maria" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-larva="2" stateProvince="Region Huanuco">
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FFFC84058D27FD53DA99FD6D" box="[331,423,693,719]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="49FAF852FFFC84058DDEFD53D94CFD72" box="[434,626,693,720]" country="Peru" name="Huanuco" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Region Huanuco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE5ACCAFFFC84058E10FD53D834FD6D" box="[636,778,693,719]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Tingo Maria</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE1606BFFFC84058F78FD53D89BFD6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787A6FFFC84078CFBFE5FDA7CF91F:8EE1606BFFFC84058F78FD53D89BFD6D" box="[788,933,693,719]" latitude="-9.35" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="-75.96667" municipality="Tingo Maria" name="Rio Cantaria" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" stateProvince="Region Huanuco">Rio Cantaria</location>
,
<location id="8EE1606BFFFC84058FDCFD50DF7EFD72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787A6FFFC84078CFBFE5FDA7CF91F:8EE1606BFFFC84058FDCFD50DF7EFD72" box="[944,1088,694,720]" latitude="-9.35" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="-75.96667" municipality="Tingo Maria" name="Puente Perez" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" stateProvince="Region Huanuco">Puente Perez</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A5077FFFC8405883DFD53DF9FFD6D" box="[1105,1185,693,719]" degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" precision="925" value="-9.35">9°21’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A5077FFFC840588C0FD53DE28FD72" box="[1196,1302,693,720]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" precision="925" value="-75.96667">75°58’W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FF801070FFFC84058946FD53DEA6FD6D" box="[1322,1432,693,719]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="2006-01-22">
<collectingDate id="EFC4E998FFFC84058946FD53DEA6FD6D" box="[1322,1432,693,719]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" value="2006-01-22">22.I.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26CB5366FFFC84058CA3FD3CDA04FD51" box="[207,314,729,756]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">N. Kluge</collectorName>
: 1 L-S/I
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FFFC84058DF2FD3FDA93FD51" box="[414,429,729,755]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324653BFFFC84078CABFD1BD8CBFADB" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CABFD1BDA5AFCBA" blockId="97.[151,1437,549,2015]" box="[199,356,765,792]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFC84058CABFD1BDA5AFCBA" bold="true" box="[199,356,765,792]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Descriptions.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CABFCC4D8E8FC69" blockId="97.[151,1437,549,2015]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFC84058CABFCC4DA2CFC9E" bold="true" box="[199,274,802,828]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Larva.</emphasis>
CUTICULAR COLORATION (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC84058EFDFCC7D808FC99" box="[657,822,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs 412–420</figureCitation>
). Head with clypeus brown, frons lighter. Pronotum brown, bordered by light laterally, often with other blanks of characteristic form (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC8405885DFCA3DFEDFCFD" box="[1073,1235,837,864]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs 415, 420</figureCitation>
). Each abdominal tergum with characteristic coloration: area adjacent to anterior margin together with antero-median and sublateral areas brown, remainder part contrastingly light, nearly colorless; size of brown and light areas varying individually. Femora with brown areas and blanks; tibiae and tarsi uniformly brownish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CABFC33DFC7FB95" blockId="97.[151,1437,549,2015]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Abdominal terga, besides peculiar cuticular coloration (see above) with blackish transverse stripes bordering posterior margins of terga and with paired longitudinal-triangular spots corresponding to grayish-brown spots of imago (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC84058EFAFBFBD9C6FB95" box="[662,760,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 421</figureCitation>
). Tergalii colorless, tracheae black (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC840588E6FBFBDFD2FB95" box="[1162,1260,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 421</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CABFBA7D8B9FB6A" blockId="97.[151,1437,549,2015]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
SHAPE AND SETATION. Clypeus parallel-sided or widened distally; labrum 1.15–1.3 times wider than clypeus (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC84058CA2FB83DA0DFBDD" box="[206,307,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 413</figureCitation>
). Labrum widest at midlength; initial fore margin (turned ventrally) without median emargination, shallowly concave, with all 5 denticles wide; anterior transverse setal row regular (as in
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC840588E8FB6FDFE9FB01" box="[1156,1239,1161,1187]" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
), as wide as all 5 denticles. Maxilla with 19–21 pectinate setae in apical-ventral row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CABFB34DF25FAAD" blockId="97.[151,1437,549,2015]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
Femora: Stout setae on anterior surface parallel-sided or narrowed distally, blunt (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC84058801FB37DFECFB49" box="[1133,1234,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 422</figureCitation>
). Irregular row of hairs near inner margin absent on fore and middle femora, sparse on hind femur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CABFAFCD9F8FA02" blockId="97.[151,1437,549,2015]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
Fore tibia (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC84058D2EFAFFDADDFA91" box="[322,483,1305,1331]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs 423–424</figureCitation>
): outer hairs form two irregular rows; inner-anterior row of recurved hairs absent; inner-anterior row of stout setae absent or represented by one stout setae near tibia base; inner field of stout pointed setae dense (i.e. setae longer than distances between them), consists of pointed bipectinate and smooth setae, situated irregularly (about 3–4 setae in cross section).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CABFA4FD8A6F992" blockId="97.[151,1437,549,2015]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
Hind tibia (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC84058D2BFA4FDAD6FA66" box="[327,488,1449,1476]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs 425–426</figureCitation>
): each of three rows of stout setae—outer-anterior, outer-posterior and inner-anterior ones—contains moderately long, narrowing distally and blunt stout setae; outer-anterior row, besides this, can contain long spoon-like setae; hairs located between outer-anterior and outer-posterior rows, form one irregular row (besides row of hairs posteriad of outer-posterior row of stout setae).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CABF9DFDA30F9D5" blockId="97.[151,1437,549,2015]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
Claws with 3–5 denticles on rigid portion, with one several rows of minute denticles on articulatory portion (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC84058CCCF9BBDA3FF9D5" box="[160,257,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 411</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CABF967D985F8A5" blockId="97.[151,1437,549,2015]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
Tergalii (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC84058D42F967DAEFF939" box="[302,465,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURES 439–447" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1827,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,172,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,166,1808]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 439–447. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 439, apex of penis in dorsal view; 440, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 441, their subimaginal exuviae; 442, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 443, hind wing; 444–447, tergalii I, III, VI and VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737018/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs 444–447</figureCitation>
): wide; on both lamellae main trachea with branches directed toward costal and anal margins; dorsal lamella bent backward, with costal margin more convex than anal, widest in proximal or middle part, gradually narrowed toward apex, with slender apical filament; ventral lamella widest near base, gradually narrowed toward apex, with slender apical filament.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84058CABF8F7D913F8D1" blockId="97.[151,1437,549,2015]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
Male genitalia in last larval instar (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC84058E38F8F7D986F889" box="[596,696,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURES 439–447" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1827,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,172,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,166,1808]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 439–447. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 439, apex of penis in dorsal view; 440, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 441, their subimaginal exuviae; 442, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 443, hind wing; 444–447, tergalii I, III, VI and VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737018/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 442</figureCitation>
): protogonostyli moderately long and separated one from another by deep emargination. Each protopenis lobe with smoothly projected gonopore-bearing process located near median margin; gonopores opened caudally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFC84078CABF89BDA1FFD9F" blockId="97.[151,1437,549,2015]" lastBlockId="99.[151,1437,439,1725]" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFC84058CABF89BDA02F83A" bold="true" box="[199,316,1917,1944]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Subimago</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC84058D2BF89BDAE0F835" box="[327,478,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 427–438" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737015/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs430, 431</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFC84058D89F89BD92DF835" box="[485,531,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 439–447" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1827,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,172,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,166,1808]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 439–447. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 439, apex of penis in dorsal view; 440, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 441, their subimaginal exuviae; 442, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 443, hind wing; 444–447, tergalii I, III, VI and VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737018/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">441</figureCitation>
).CUTICULAR COLORATION.Cuticle mostly brown.Mesonotum darker brown, with darker brown antelateroparapsidal and lateroparapsidal sutures, lighter oblique stripes on posterior scutal protuberances and colorless achromozones; medioscutal and submedioscutal chromozones equally colored by brown, separated by darker brown medioscutal suture (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFE84078EC6FE51D832FE73" box="[682,780,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 427–438" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737015/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 431</figureCitation>
). On all legs femur light brown, bordered by darker brown on outer and inner margins and apically; tibia and tarsus light brown. Wings dark brown due to dark brown ring at base of each microtrichion; microtrichia blackish-brown (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFE84078F76FE19D845FDBB" box="[794,891,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 427–438" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737015/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 438</figureCitation>
). Abdominal terga, sterna, gonostyli and caudalii light brown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF416638FFFE84078CFBFF5ADA53FEC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1964]" targetPageId="98">
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFE84078CFBFF5ADA53FEC7" blockId="99.[151,1437,188,357]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078CFBFF5ADA52FF77" bold="true" box="[151,364,188,213]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">FIGURES 411–426.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FFFE84078D1FFF5AD91DFF76" box="[371,547,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078D1FFF5AD91DFF76" box="[371,547,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Thraulodes niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078E46FF5AD95AFF76" bold="true" box="[554,612,188,212]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FFFE84078E46FF5AD95AFF76" box="[554,612,188,212]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFE84078CABFDA1DEB2FD27" blockId="99.[151,1437,439,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
TEXTURE. On tarsi of all legs, 1st tarsomere with microtrichia (as tibia), 2nd–5th tarsomeres coved by blunt microlepides; pointed microlepides present near apical margins of 2nd–4th tarsomeres of all legs (as in
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFE84078972FD8DDE41FD27" box="[1310,1407,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 464–473" captionStartId="106.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@105.[151,1436,181,1987]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURES 464–473. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. (holotype). 464, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 465, 466, male imago; 467–469, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 470, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg; 471, genitalia of male imago; 472, apex of penis; 473, subimaginal exuviae of tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737024/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 473</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFE84078CABFD68D95EFD53" blockId="99.[151,1437,439,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078CABFD68DA6EFD0B" bold="true" box="[199,336,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Male imago</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFE84078D31FD69DAC2FD0B" box="[349,508,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 427–438" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737015/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs 427–429</figureCitation>
). Coloration of body and legs nearly uniformly dark brown. Head and antennae dark brown. Dorsal eyes contiguous medially, dull orange. Thorax dorsally, laterally and ventrally equally dark brown, with pleural membranes brownish ocher.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFE84078CABFD1DDBD8FC9B" blockId="99.[151,1437,439,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Cuticle of legs light brown; hypodermal pigmentation of femur, tibia and tarsus of all legs uniformly dark brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFE84078CABFCA5DEA7FC07" blockId="99.[151,1437,439,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Fore and hind wing with longitudinal and cross veins ocher or brown. Costal and subcostal fields of fore wing colored with yellowish-brown. Costal field proximad of bulla with delicate cross veins. Pterostigmatic cross veins dense, oblique, arched, partly branched an anastomosed. Hind wing with brown macula on costal brace (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFE84078946FC6DDEB2FC07" box="[1322,1420,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 439–447" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1827,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,172,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,166,1808]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 439–447. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 439, apex of penis in dorsal view; 440, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 441, their subimaginal exuviae; 442, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 443, hind wing; 444–447, tergalii I, III, VI and VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737018/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 443</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFE84078CABFC49D9DAFBB3" blockId="99.[151,1437,439,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Abdominal hypodermal coloration: All terga and sterna brown; terga with posterior margin darker brown; each tergum II–VII with of pair darker grayish-brown longitudinal triangular maculae diminishing from anterior to pos- terior terga. Caudalii brown, with joinings darkened.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFE84078CABFBFDD8EBFB03" blockId="99.[151,1437,439,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Genitalia (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFE84078D50FBFDDAE6FB97" box="[316,472,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 427–438" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737015/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs 432–433</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFE84078D8FFBFDD974FB97" box="[483,586,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 439–447" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1827,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,172,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,166,1808]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 439–447. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 439, apex of penis in dorsal view; 440, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 441, their subimaginal exuviae; 442, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 443, hind wing; 444–447, tergalii I, III, VI and VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737018/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">439–441</figureCitation>
): Styliger, gonostyli and penis uniformly brown. Dorsal extension of styliger prominent. Penis lobes long, narrow and slightly divergent; each penis lobe parallel-sided, without lateral pouch, not widened apically, without ear. Telopenes in form of spear-like rolls, attached at apices of penis lobes, directed caudally-medially, stout, with groove opened dorsally-laterally (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFE84078F0AFB61D8F7FB03" box="[870,969,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURES 439–447" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1827,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,172,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,166,1808]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 439–447. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 439, apex of penis in dorsal view; 440, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 441, their subimaginal exuviae; 442, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 443, hind wing; 444–447, tergalii I, III, VI and VII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737018" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737018/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 439</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFE84078CABFB4CDA2EFAAF" blockId="99.[151,1437,439,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078CABFB4CDA50FB67" bold="true" box="[199,366,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Female imago</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFE84078D10FB4DD923FB67" box="[380,541,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 427–438" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737015/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs 434–437</figureCitation>
). Coloration of head, thorax, wings and caudalii as in male. Tibia of middle and hind legs in proximal half brown, in distal half ocher (one specimen examined); in other respects coloration of legs as in male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFE84078CABFAF1D821FAF7" blockId="99.[151,1437,439,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078CABFAF1DA3FFA93" bold="true" box="[199,257,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Eggs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFE84078D7CFAF1DA8EFA93" box="[272,432,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 448–449" captionStartId="102.[151,264,1977,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,164,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[151,1436,164,1955]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURES 448–449. Thraulodes niger sp. n., eggs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737020/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs 448–449</figureCitation>
). Mostly barrel-shaped. Each KTC surrounded by ring-like cover with radial folds. Other chorion with shallow folds, nearly without protuberances.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFE84078CABFAB8D8CBFADB" blockId="99.[151,1437,439,1725]" box="[199,1013,1374,1402]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078CABFAB8DA70FADB" bold="true" box="[199,334,1374,1401]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Dimension.</emphasis>
Fore wing length (and approximate body length)
<quantity id="4CC69B55FFFE84078F10FAB8D8CFFADB" box="[892,1009,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="8.75" valueMax="9.5" valueMin="8.0">8–9.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324653BFFFE84078CABFA64DA7CF91F" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFE84078CABFA64DF97F98F" blockId="99.[151,1437,439,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078CABFA64DA5CFA3F" bold="true" box="[199,354,1410,1437]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Comparison.</emphasis>
The male imago of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FFFE84078E53FA65D83EFA3F" box="[575,768,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078E53FA65D83EFA3F" box="[575,768,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Thraulodes niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078F6AFA65D87BFA3F" bold="true" box="[774,837,1411,1437]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FFFE84078F6AFA65D87BFA3F" box="[774,837,1411,1437]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has a penis structure similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FFFE84078883FA65DA90FA63" authority="Traver &amp; Edmunds 1967" authorityName="Traver &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephippiatus">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078883FA65DEA3FA3F" box="[1263,1437,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Th. ephippiatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FFFE84078CFBFA41DA90FA63" author="Traver, J. R. &amp; Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[151,430,1447,1473]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref72596" refString="Traver, J. R. &amp; Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5 (8), 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver &amp; Edmunds 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FFFE84078DD4FA41D87FFA63" authority="Dominguez 1987" authorityName="Dominguez" authorityYear="1987" box="[440,833,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cochunaensis">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078DD4FA41D944FA63" box="[440,634,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Th. cochunaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FFFE84078EECFA41D87FFA63" author="Dominguez, E." box="[640,833,1447,1473]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="47 - 65" refId="ref69218" refString="Dominguez, E. (1987) El genero Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) en la Republica Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39, 47 - 65." type="journal article" year="1987">Domínguez 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FFFE84078F1AFA41DEA6FA63" authority="Giordano &amp; Dominguez 2005" authorityName="Giordano &amp; Dominguez" authorityYear="2005" box="[886,1432,1446,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basimaculatus">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078F1AFA41DF7CFA63" box="[886,1090,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Th. basimaculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FFFE84078824FA41DEA6FA63" author="Giordano, J. A. &amp; Dominguez, E." box="[1096,1432,1446,1473]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="45 - 48" refId="ref69951" refString="Giordano, J. A. &amp; Dominguez, E. (2005) Thraulodes basimaculatus sp. n., a new species of mayfly from Bolivia: (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae). Zootaxa, 1040 (1), 45 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1040.1.4" type="journal article" year="2005">Giordano &amp; Domínguez 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, differing from these three species, as well as from other formerly known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FFFE8407882EFA2DDFFCFA47" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1090,1218,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE8407882EFA2DDFFCFA47" box="[1090,1218,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Thraulodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by uniformly dark brown femora and tibiae of all legs.
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FFFE84078E5EFA09D9A7F9AB" box="[562,665,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078E5EFA09D9A7F9AB" box="[562,665,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Th. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078ECDFA09D9DFF9AB" bold="true" box="[673,737,1519,1545]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FFFE84078ECDFA09D9DFF9AB" box="[673,737,1519,1545]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FFFE84078F1BFA09DF62F9AB" box="[887,1116,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrabdominalis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078F1BFA09DF62F9AB" box="[887,1116,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Th. nigrabdominalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078808FA09DF9AF9AB" bold="true" box="[1124,1188,1519,1545]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FFFE84078808FA09DF9AF9AB" box="[1124,1188,1519,1545]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by colored costal and subcostal fields of fore wing and by the presence of paired dark maculae on abdominal terga.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FFFE84078CABF9D1DA7CF91F" blockId="99.[151,1437,439,1725]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
The larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FFFE84078D34F9D1DA81F9F3" box="[344,447,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078D34F9D1DA81F9F3" box="[344,447,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Th. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078DAAF9D1D938F9F3" bold="true" box="[454,518,1591,1617]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FFFE84078DAAF9D1D938F9F3" box="[454,518,1591,1617]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
clearly differs from all other known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FFFE84078870F9D1DFA2F9F3" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[1052,1180,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078870F9D1DFA2F9F3" box="[1052,1180,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Thraulodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a peculiar and constant cuticular coloration of abdominal terga (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFE84078ECCF9BDD842F9D7" box="[672,892,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs 414, 419, 421</figureCitation>
). Both larva and winged stages of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FFFE84078966F9BDDE4CF9D7" box="[1290,1394,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078966F9BDDE4CF9D7" box="[1290,1394,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Th. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FFFE84078917F9BDDB90F93B" bold="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FFFE84078917F9BDDB90F93B" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from related species by paired longitudinal hypodermal maculae on abdominal terga (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFE84078906F999DBFAF91F" captionStart="FIGURES 411–426" captionStartId="99.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@98.[151,1436,181,1964]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737013/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs 421</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13052A35FFFE84078CA3F945DA08F91F" box="[207,310,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 427–438" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[151,1436,166,1733]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737015/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">429, 430</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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