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<document id="0829F1208BE395A6C7FB4A38BDE85638" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4146.1.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4146.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f27bf01d-bf27-4e86-b2ba-81b84931d348" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="268078" ID-ZooBank="35E0DECB-20CE-4295-AE8E-CB3CAB226C70" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470033666767" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sara A. Lourie, Riley A. Pollom &amp; Sarah J. Foster" docDate="2016" docId="03C42F370C767309FF66C89DBD38D8E5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4146.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4146 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Syngnathus hippocampus Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFFD574F0C6C7312FFF1C92FBC3BD96D" masterDocTitle="A global revision of the Seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): Taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698366633973" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FF91705C2EFEE6E5A2F0A69EDB5A2BC0">A global revision of the Seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): Taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2D24BE2A8A5A4FF6793150829EF35BA7">Sara A. Lourie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="46D57A34E85A1007D0A3577FE0431DDE">Riley A. Pollom</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C42F370C767309FF66C89DBD38D8E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6090951" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125134160" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6090951" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C42F370C767309FF66C89DBD38D8E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C767309FF66C89DBD38D8E5" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection id="C377CDAA0C767308FF66C89DBED8DB7C" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C767308FF66C89DBE15D8A1" blockId="26.[151,558,434,460]" box="[151,558,434,460]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="D09A294D0C767308FF66C89DBE15D8A1" bold="true" box="[151,558,434,460]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FF66C89DBE15D8A1" ID-CoL="636V8" ID-ENA="72046" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,558,434,460]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Syngnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hippocampus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FF66C89DBE15D8A1" bold="true" box="[151,558,434,460]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FF66C89DBD66D8A1" bold="true" box="[151,349,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. hippocampus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C767308FE9CC89DBE1ED8A1" author="Linnaeus" box="[365,549,434,460]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 th Editi. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C767308FF66C8D6BED8DB7C" blockId="26.[151,1436,505,746]" box="[151,739,505,530]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FF66C8D6BEE7DB7F" bold="true" box="[151,732,505,530]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">English common names. Short-snouted Seahorse</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377CDAA0C767308FF36CB32B93DDB13" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C767308FF36CB32B93DDB13" blockId="26.[151,1436,505,746]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FF36CB32BD72DB5B" bold="true" box="[199,329,541,566]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Synonyms.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FEA4CB31BED6DB5B" authority="Cabrera, Perez" authorityName="Cabrera, Perez" box="[341,749,541,566]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gasterosteidae" genus="Gasterosteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gasterosteiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="equus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FEA4CB31BE0FDB58" box="[341,564,542,565]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Gasterosteus equus</emphasis>
Cabrera, Pérez
</taxonomicName>
, and Haenseler 1817,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FBF7CB32BCE9DB37" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Syngnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hippocampus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FBF7CB32B911DB58" box="[1030,1322,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Syngnathus hippocampus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C767308FAC4CB32BCE9DB37" author="Linnaeus" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 th Editi. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FF10CB6DBE62DB34" authority="Rafinesque 1810" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[225,601,577,602]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heptagonus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FF10CB6DBDB2DB34" box="[225,393,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. heptagonus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C767308FE65CB6EBE62DB34" author="Rafinesque" box="[404,601,577,602]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. (1810) Per le stampe di Sanfilippo Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. Sanfilippo: Palermo, Italy. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 104418" type="book" year="1810">Rafinesque 1810</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FD98CB6DBF93DB34" authority="Leach 1814" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" box="[617,936,577,602]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquorum">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FD98CB6DBF29DB34" box="[617,786,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. antiquorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C767308FCECCB6EBF93DB34" author="Leach" box="[797,936,577,602]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Leach, W. E. (1814) The Zoological Miscellany; Being Descriptions of New, or Interesting Animals. McMillan, London." type="book" year="1814">Leach 1814</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FC49CB6DB8DFDB34" authority="Cloquet 1821" authorityName="Cloquet" authorityYear="1821" box="[952,1252,577,602]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FC49CB6DB801DB34" box="[952,1082,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. vulgaris</emphasis>
Cloquet 1821
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FB05CB6DBD1EDB13" authority="Schinz 1822" authorityName="Schinz" authorityYear="1822" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FB05CB6DB9A7DB34" box="[1268,1436,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. brevirostris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C767308FF66CB4ABD1EDB13" author="Schinz" box="[151,293,613,638]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Schinz, H. R. (1822) Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden Anatomie. 2 nd ed. Cotta, Germany." type="book" year="1822">Schinz 1822</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FEC1CB49BE01DB13" authority="Risso 1827" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1827" box="[304,570,613,638]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiquus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FEC1CB49BD89DB10" box="[304,434,614,637]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. antiquus</emphasis>
Risso 1827
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FDB4CB49BFB0DB13" authority="Ginsburg 1937" authorityName="Ginsburg" authorityYear="1937" box="[581,907,613,638]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="europaeus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FDB4CB49BEE0DB10" box="[581,731,614,637]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. europaeus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C767308FD13CB4ABFB0DB13" author="Ginsburg" box="[738,907,613,638]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Ginsburg, I. (1937) Review of the seahorses (Hippocampus) found on the coasts of the American continents and of Europe. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 83, 497 - 594. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.83 - 2997.497" type="journal article" year="1937">Ginsburg 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FC66CB49B939DB13" authority="Rafinesque 1810" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[919,1282,613,638]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pentagonus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FC66CB49B801DB10" box="[919,1082,614,637]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. pentagonus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C767308FBB0CB4AB939DB13" author="Rafinesque" box="[1089,1282,613,638]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. (1810) Per le stampe di Sanfilippo Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. Sanfilippo: Palermo, Italy. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 104418" type="book" year="1810">Rafinesque 1810</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377CDAA0C767308FF36CBA6BFCEDFCF" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C767308FF36CBA6BD76DB87" blockId="26.[151,1436,505,746]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FF36CBA6BD5BDBCF" bold="true" box="[199,352,649,674]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FE98CBA6BDFBDBCF" box="[361,448,649,674]" name="Algeria" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FE3DCBA6BE13DBCF" box="[460,552,649,674]" name="Albania" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Albania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A950C30C767308FDC4CBA5BEBCDBCF" box="[565,647,650,674]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Azores</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FD65CBA6BED2DBCF" box="[660,745,649,674]" name="Croatia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Croatia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FD07CBA5BF7EDBCC" box="[758,837,650,673]" name="France" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FCA3CBA6BFD8DBCF" box="[850,995,649,674]" name="Gambia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">The Gambia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FC1ECBA5B87ADBCF" box="[1007,1089,650,674]" name="Greece" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Greece</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FBBFCBA6B899DBCF" box="[1102,1186,649,674]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FB5ECBA6B96CDBCF" box="[1199,1367,649,674]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Guinea-Bissau</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FA95CBA6B9A3DBCF" box="[1380,1432,649,674]" name="Italy" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FF66CB82BCE0DBAB" box="[151,219,685,710]" name="Malta" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FF19CB81BD4FDBAB" box="[232,372,686,710]" name="Serbia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FE71CB82BE31DBAB" box="[384,522,685,710]" name="Netherlands" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FDE6CB82BE42DBAB" box="[535,633,685,710]" name="Portugal" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Portugal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FD74CB82BEDBDBAB" box="[645,736,685,710]" name="Senegal" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Senegal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FD1FCB82BF68DBAB" box="[750,851,685,710]" name="Slovenia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FCAECB82BFA4DBAB" box="[863,927,685,710]" name="Spain" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Spain</collectingCountry>
(including the
<collectingRegion id="49A950C30C767308FBBFCB81B8C1DBAB" box="[1102,1274,685,710]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FAFECB82B95BDBAB" box="[1295,1376,685,710]" name="Turkey" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turkey</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FA9CCB81B9A3DBA8" box="[1389,1432,686,709]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">UK</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FF66CBFDBD72DB87" box="[151,329,721,746]" name="Western Sahara" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectingRegion id="49A950C30C767308FF66CBFDBCC9DB84" box="[151,242,722,745]" country="Gambia" name="Western" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Western</collectingRegion>
Sahara
</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF12CEA90C767308FF66CF6CB843DF34" box="[151,1144,1603,1625]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268097/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[348,1238,801,1570]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C767308FF66CF6CB843DF34" blockId="26.[151,1144,1603,1625]" box="[151,1144,1603,1625]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FF66CF6CBD24DF34" bold="true" box="[151,287,1603,1625]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
Range map for
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FE33CF6BBEDFDF34" box="[450,740,1603,1625]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FE33CF6BBEE4DF34" box="[450,735,1603,1625]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hippocampus">Hippocampus hippocampus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
See Figure 2 caption for further details.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C767308FF36CFA6BFCEDFCF" blockId="26.[151,1436,1673,2022]" box="[199,1013,1673,1698]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FF36CFA6BD09DFCF" bold="true" box="[199,306,1673,1698]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Neotype:</emphasis>
BMNH 1872.2.6.3 (but see notes about Linnaeus specimens).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377CDAA0C767309FF36CF82BD38D8E5" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C767308FF36CF82BEE2DFAB" blockId="26.[151,1436,1673,2022]" box="[199,729,1709,1734]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<materialsCitation id="3B05947C0C767308FF36CF82BEEEDFAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416636219" box="[199,725,1709,1734]" country="Spain" location="eastern Atlantic" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FF36CF82BD5EDFAB" bold="true" box="[199,357,1709,1734]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<typeStatus id="54D620830C767308FF36CF82BD39DFAB" box="[199,258,1709,1734]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
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/
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C767308FE45CF82BE2EDFAB" box="[436,533,1709,1734]" name="Portugal" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Portugal</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EB2C8FA0C767308FDD1CF81BEEEDFAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C42F370C767309FF66C89DBD38D8E5:8EB2C8FA0C767308FDD1CF81BEEEDFAB" box="[544,725,1709,1734]" country="Spain" name="eastern Atlantic" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">eastern Atlantic</location>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C767309FF36CFFEBD38D8E5" blockId="26.[151,1436,1673,2022]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FF36CFFEBD2ADF87" bold="true" box="[199,273,1745,1770]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Notes.</emphasis>
Linnaeus had two seahorses in his collection, one of which is the European Short-snouted Seahorse, the other is a distinctly spiny species of unknown identity (SL
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FCC5CFD9BF93DE60" box="[820,936,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">pers. obs.,</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C767308FC41CFDAB866DE63" author="Maclaine" box="[944,1117,1781,1806]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Maclaine, J. (2015) Hippocampus hippocampus: The saga of the short-snouted seahorse. PULSE: News from the Linnean Society of London, 25, 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2015">Maclaine 2015</bibRefCitation>
). Linnaeus himself made no distinction between different species of seahorse and gave them only a single name,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FBB1CE36B967DE5C" box="[1088,1372,1817,1841]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Syngnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hippocampus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FBB1CE36B967DE5C" box="[1088,1372,1817,1841]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Syngnathus hippocampus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species name has been used extensively with the revised generic name for seahorses—
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FBAACE11B8CCDE38" box="[1115,1271,1854,1877]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FBAACE11B8CCDE38" box="[1115,1271,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hippocampus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) for the Short- Snouted Seahorse over the years, and is consistent with one of Linneaus specimens. VasilEva (2007) however, suggests the use of
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C767308FE9FCEA9BE1DDEF0" box="[366,550,1925,1949]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Syngnathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hippocampus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C767308FE9FCEA9BE1DDEF0" box="[366,550,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. hippocampus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the long-snouted European seahorse based on (some of) the meristic data in Linnaeus original descriptions. This action would be extremely disruptive to European seahorse nomenclature. We follow CF (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C767308FEEFCEE2BE6FDE8B" author="Eschmeyer" box="[286,596,1997,2022]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Eschmeyer, W. N. &amp; Fricke, R. A. (2016) Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: www. calacademy. org / scientists / projects / catalog-of-fishes (Accessed 27 Jul. 2016)" type="journal article" year="2016">Eschmeyer &amp; Fricke 2016</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C767308FD68CEE2BF6DDE8B" author="Maclaine" box="[665,854,1997,2022]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Maclaine, J. (2015) Hippocampus hippocampus: The saga of the short-snouted seahorse. PULSE: News from the Linnean Society of London, 25, 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2015">Maclaine (2015)</bibRefCitation>
in recommending that VasilEvas publication, its
<typeStatus id="54D620830C777309FF66C9B7BCCBD9DD" box="[151,240,152,176]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
designation, and its nomenclatural conclusions be suppressed.
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C777309FC29C9B7B92FD9DD" box="[984,1300,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hippocampus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C777309FC29C9B7B92FD9DD" box="[984,1300,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hippocampus hippocampus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of three distinct genetic units (921 bp cyt
<emphasis id="B91942330C777309FDB6C993BE6ED9B9" box="[583,597,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">b</emphasis>
and CR) in the English Channel/
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of Biscay, the Mediterranean/Atlantic Europe, and
<collectingRegion id="49A950C30C777309FECDC9CFBD48D99A" box="[316,371,224,247]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">West</collectingRegion>
Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C777309FE16C9F0BED0D995" author="Woodall" box="[487,747,223,248]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Woodall, L. C., Koldewey, H. J. &amp; Shaw, P. W. (2011) Historical and contemporary population genetic connectivity of the European short-snouted seahorse Hippocampus hippocampus and implications for management. Journal of Fish Biology, 78, 1738 - 56. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.2011.02974. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
Woodall
<emphasis id="B91942330C777309FDA8C9CEBEA6D995" box="[601,669,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C777309FCF9C9CFB811D995" box="[776,1066,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="europaeus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C777309FCF9C9CFB811D995" box="[776,1066,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hippocampus europaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not exhibit meristic or morphological characteristics that distinguish it (Appendix F). The average distance among the populations in the Mediterranean and Atlantic Europe is 0.89%, while the average distance of the
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African populations is 1.90% from the above populations (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C777309FE2BC863BE87D809" author="Woodall" box="[474,700,332,357]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Woodall, L. C., Koldewey, H. J. &amp; Shaw, P. W. (2011) Historical and contemporary population genetic connectivity of the European short-snouted seahorse Hippocampus hippocampus and implications for management. Journal of Fish Biology, 78, 1738 - 56. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.2011.02974. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
Woodall
<emphasis id="B91942330C777309FDB3C862BE41D809" box="[578,634,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
), and these do tend to have distinctively large coronets (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C777309FAC5C863BCCCD8E5" author="Lourie" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Lourie, S., Vincent, A. &amp; Hall, H. (1999) Seahorses: An Identification Guide to the World's Species and Their Conservation. Project Seahorse, London, UK." type="book" year="1999">
Lourie
<emphasis id="B91942330C777309FA79C862BC96D8E5" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 1999
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>