210 lines
24 KiB
XML
210 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="DA588258FB6F033969AE96E2D6868850" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5047.3.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5540714" ID-ZooBank="072B07D8-324A-412E-A76E-C39067AC77AE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1632985111669" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saucier, Esprit Heestand, France, Scott C. & Watling, Les" docDate="2021" docId="03B887C4FF9BFFD8D3CD66DB0AD8FFE7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5047.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5047 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Isidoidae Saucier & France & Watling 2021, n. family" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="268" masterDocId="FF81FFBCFF8EFFCED35A62150F55FE12" masterDocTitle="Toward a revision of the bamboo corals: Part 3, deconstructing the Family Isididae" masterLastPageNumber="272" masterPageNumber="247" pageNumber="268" updateTime="1699416498060" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="581C079BB1D9589FEA94532A00468C3A">
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<mods:title id="B036AFE18F94E0FE6C273D97B4FB61F6">Toward a revision of the bamboo corals: Part 3, deconstructing the Family Isididae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="5A0F07E22021DDB1AF23E56F4B2FFE37" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EAA3D5F045E1EF199EFCBB6B37F194AC">Saucier, Esprit Heestand</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3686388A562E54B72A3B2B06A2C35CA0">Faculty of Science, Brigham Young University - Hawaii, 55 - 220 Kulanui St, Laie, Hawaii, 96762, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5B331C632B9F65ED92AF1B051F8BA9B1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0700E52871BC92081C074C5E6D30103F">France, Scott C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C71E4F7807E15D5F0A27EDD1171B2DF8">Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="0BCF85DF80C9B3C002F7F495B727C4D7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="44BDC8D03956BF9DB2CB35B60E2A8F35">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8E906FFE681B6D152C82F8F74D21B640">Watling, Les</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="009EED879A058E23041FA35768662F3E">School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4511A88FA74FAC1529C1F878E7D94A51">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5C02365E0073775089AA4EFC3FAC92B4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BBA293AD1DBAF46CC1A1D5CF406C2EE1">
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<mods:date id="686CF5694D4A2CAF48996581EAC5928E">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FE6BF7257CB034A4F06C40111065E470">2021-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="564A0F82F1EDE726BA9C5F6E367DFC47" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2490D2260DDDAAD24B2231388C0AF971">5047</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F8DC82CAC9EB365E4E08F4ECB017F923" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A94C90D9A99A37AF0AE3CB572098BB3A">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D4DEAFB82B1425D97863E0ED758AA140">247</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C27107B0D6D6DF1281561336F1AC6AC8">272</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="A55944C8B96BB2DAA99A6F7EED16C4B3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9F2227DB42F52BDFC8ACB370D1FD5281" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5047.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C30B6559FF9BFFDBD3CD66DB0EB3FAFA" box="[151,486,1230,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36D2FF9BFFDBD3CD66DB0EB3FAFA" blockId="21.[151,486,1230,1257]" box="[151,486,1230,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">
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<heading id="D0E681BEFF9BFFDBD3CD66DB0EB3FAFA" bold="true" box="[151,486,1230,1257]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD3CD66DB0EB3FAFA" bold="true" box="[151,486,1230,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD3AD66DB0E3EFAFA" ID-CoL="8QC4J" authority="Saucier & France & Watling, 2021" authorityName="Saucier & France & Watling" authorityYear="2021" box="[247,363,1230,1256]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Isidoidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25657BBFF9BFFDBD22D66DA0EB3FAFA" box="[375,486,1230,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" rank="family">n. family</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B6559FF9BFFDBD3CD67020D14FB23" box="[151,577,1303,1329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36D2FF9BFFDBD3CD67020D14FB23" blockId="21.[151,1437,1303,2013]" box="[151,577,1303,1329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD3CD67020E73FB23" bold="true" box="[151,294,1303,1329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">
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<typeStatus id="54AA8870FF9BFFDBD3CD67020F87FB23" box="[151,210,1303,1329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD27467020D14FB23" ID-CoL="84QRF" authority="Nutting (1910)" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[302,577,1303,1329]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD27467020EC6FB23" box="[302,403,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Isidoides</emphasis>
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Nutting (1910)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B6559FF9BFFDBD39D672F0EABF83F" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36D2FF9BFFDBD39D672F0EB8F81B" blockId="21.[151,1437,1303,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD39D672F0E17FB46" bold="true" box="[199,322,1338,1364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Colonies are planar with pseudo-dichotomous branching. Axis solid, calcareous, with concentric layers that can be white to dark golden-brown in color but not articulated. Polyps are mostly bi-serially or tri-serially arranged on the axis and are non-retractile, but in a preserved state the tentacles are tightly contracted and overlay the oral disk. The sclerites are smooth, flattened, finger biscuit-shaped rods of relatively uniform size that are abundant and tightly packed throughout the surface tissue of the colony, but rarely in the pharynx. Cross-shaped sclerites are present but few in number.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE36D2FF9BFFDBD39D64060EABF83F" blockId="21.[151,1437,1303,2013]" box="[199,510,1555,1581]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD39D64060EC7F83F" bold="true" box="[199,402,1555,1581]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Included genera:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD2C364060EABF83F" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[409,510,1555,1581]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD2C364060EABF83F" box="[409,510,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Isidoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B6559FF9BFFD8D39D64220AD8FFE7" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAE36D2FF9BFFD8D39D64220AD8FFE7" blockId="21.[151,1437,1303,2013]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="269" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD39D64220E6EF843" bold="true" box="[199,315,1591,1617]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD22064220E8AF843" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[378,479,1591,1617]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD22064220E8AF843" box="[378,479,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Isidoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade comprises a single species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD02A64220B65F842" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[880,1072,1591,1617]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armata">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD02A64220B65F842" box="[880,1072,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Isidoides armata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, that was described by Nutting (1910) based on specimens collected from the southwestern Pacific Ocean. There were no new reports of
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD66D644E0AC9F867" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[1335,1436,1627,1653]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD66D644E0AC9F867" box="[1335,1436,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Isidoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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until 2003, when independent collections on the Norfolk Ridge and off
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<collectingCountry id="F3067642FF9BFFDBD09E646A0B26F88B" box="[964,1139,1663,1689]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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in 2008 and 2011 led to a re-description of the genus by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B23FF9BFFDBD2B364B60DECF8AF" author="Pante, E. & Heestand Saucier, E. & France, S. C." box="[489,697,1699,1725]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" pagination="365 - 378" refId="ref16985" refString="Pante, E., Heestand Saucier, E., & France, S. C. (2013) Molecular and morphological data support reclassification of the octocoral genus Isidoides. Invertebrate Systematics, 27, 365 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 12053" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Pante
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD17464B60D30F8AF" box="[558,613,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">et al.</emphasis>
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(2013)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. That work also noted
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD0EE64B60B49F8AE" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[948,1052,1699,1724]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armata">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD0EE64B60B49F8AE" box="[948,1052,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">I. armata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a mitochondrial gene arrangement that is (so far as is known) unique among
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD1FC64D20C61F8F3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1866" box="[678,820,1735,1761]" class="Octocorallia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="class">Octocorallia</taxonomicName>
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. In the original description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD7D964D20AC9F8F3" authority=", Nutting (1910)" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[1155,1436,1735,1761]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD7D964D20BBDF8F3" box="[1155,1256,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Isidoides</emphasis>
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, Nutting (1910)
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</taxonomicName>
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noted that the smooth sclerites resembled those of the bamboo coral genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD0BC64FE0B24F917" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1885" box="[998,1137,1771,1797]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Bathygorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD0BC64FE0B24F917" box="[998,1137,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Bathygorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, although closer examination reveals the crystal arrangement in the sclerites of the two genera is quite different (unpublished observation). However, because
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD23765260E87F95F" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[365,466,1843,1869]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD23765260E87F95F" box="[365,466,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Isidoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lacked the characteristic articulated skeleton of
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD0AC65260B6CF95F" box="[1014,1081,1843,1869]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Isidae</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD70265260BE2F95C" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[1112,1207,1843,1870]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Isididae</taxonomicName>
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), Nutting placed the genus in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD27665420E99F963" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1936" box="[300,460,1879,1905]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgonellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Gorgonellidae</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD2B665420D24F960" authorityName="J.E.Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[492,625,1879,1906]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Ellisellidae</taxonomicName>
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). Bayer (1979) included
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD0D565420CA1F963" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[911,1012,1879,1905]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD0D565420CA1F963" box="[911,1012,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Isidoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in a key to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD7F465420A3EF963" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[1198,1387,1879,1905]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Chrysogorgiidae</taxonomicName>
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, but with neither justification nor explanation of what characters suggested that relationship. Later, Bayer & Grasshoff (1994) stated that
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF9BFFDBD238658A0E92F9AB" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[354,455,1951,1977]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD238658A0E92F9AB" box="[354,455,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">Isidoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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“appears to be” a chrysogorgiid and not an ellisellid, but without further elaboration on the placement of the genus. Our phylogenetic results and those of
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<bibRefCitation id="EF804B23FF9BFFDBD02865D60B6AF9CF" author="Pante, E. & Heestand Saucier, E. & France, S. C." box="[882,1087,1987,2013]" pageId="21" pageNumber="268" pagination="365 - 378" refId="ref16985" refString="Pante, E., Heestand Saucier, E., & France, S. C. (2013) Molecular and morphological data support reclassification of the octocoral genus Isidoides. Invertebrate Systematics, 27, 365 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 12053" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Pante
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF9BFFDBD0ED65D60CBBF9CF" box="[951,1006,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="268">et al.</emphasis>
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(2013)
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</bibRefCitation>
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do not support a close relationship of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF98FFD8D3B062820E1AFEA3" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[234,335,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF98FFD8D3B062820E1AFEA3" box="[234,335,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="269">Isidoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
with chrysogorgiids or ellisellids but instead find them to be sister to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF98FFD8D70362820A55FEA3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[1113,1280,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keratoisididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Keratoisididae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF98FFD8D65062820AC0FEA3" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1885" box="[1290,1429,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Bathygorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF98FFD8D65062820AC0FEA3" box="[1290,1429,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="269">Bathygorgia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, resurrected by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B23FF98FFD8D26562AE0DD2FEC7" author="Lapointe, A. & Watling, L." box="[319,647,186,213]" pageId="22" pageNumber="269" pagination="125 - 136" refId="ref16369" refString="Lapointe, A. & Watling, L. (2015) Bamboo corals from the abyssal Pacific: Bathygorgia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 128, 125 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X- 128.2.125" type="journal article" year="2015">Lapointe and Watling (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, has “obliquely or longitudinally placed spicules [=sclerites], club- or biscuit-like in shape” (Wright 1885), which would seem to be similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF98FFD8D08962CA0B6DFEEB" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[979,1080,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF98FFD8D08962CA0B6DFEEB" box="[979,1080,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="269">Isidoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sclerites as originally noted by Nutting (1910), but an examination of the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54AA8870FF98FFD8D13663160DC9FF0F" box="[620,668,259,285]" pageId="22" pageNumber="269">type</typeStatus>
|
|
specimen of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF98FFD8D06A63160CE1FF0F" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1885" box="[816,948,259,285]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" genus="Bathygorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profunda">
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF98FFD8D06A63160C14FF0E" box="[816,833,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="269">B</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF98FFD8D01463160CE1FF0F" box="[846,948,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="269">profunda</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
shows the sclerites to be “biscuit-like” only in their elongate form but in fact are all small rods (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B23FF98FFD8D1B263320B7EFF53" author="Lapointe, A. & Watling, L." box="[744,1067,294,321]" pageId="22" pageNumber="269" pagination="125 - 136" refId="ref16369" refString="Lapointe, A. & Watling, L. (2015) Bamboo corals from the abyssal Pacific: Bathygorgia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 128, 125 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X- 128.2.125" type="journal article" year="2015">Lapointe and Watling, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Thus, except for the lack of an articulated skeleton,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF98FFD8D2DA635E0EB0FF77" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[384,485,331,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF98FFD8D2DA635E0EB0FF77" box="[384,485,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="269">Isidoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was thought to fit within the definition of the old
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF98FFD8D743635E0B95FF77" box="[1049,1216,331,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Keratoisidinae">Keratoisidinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. On the other hand, the axis of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF98FFD8D249637A0E2DFF9B" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[275,376,367,393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF98FFD8D249637A0E2DFF9B" box="[275,376,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="269">Isidoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is often a dark brown (see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B23FF98FFD8D1F2637A0C33FF9B" author="Pante, E. & Heestand Saucier, E. & France, S. C." box="[680,870,367,393]" pageId="22" pageNumber="269" pagination="365 - 378" refId="ref16985" refString="Pante, E., Heestand Saucier, E., & France, S. C. (2013) Molecular and morphological data support reclassification of the octocoral genus Isidoides. Invertebrate Systematics, 27, 365 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 12053" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|
Pante
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF98FFD8D1B7637A0C73FF9B" box="[749,806,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="269">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2013
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) suggesting that the axis may be constructed more like that of primnoids, with concentric layers of gorgonin alternating with calcareous material. The structure of the axis has not yet been examined in further detail. Some consideration was given to including
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF98FFD8D7FB63A20A53FFC3" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[1185,1286,439,465]" class="Anthozoa" family="Isidoidae" genus="Isidoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B965EAC0FF98FFD8D7FB63A20A53FFC3" box="[1185,1286,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="269">Isidoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C114D51FF98FFD8D3CD63CE0E68FFE7" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,317,475,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Keratoisididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="22" pageNumber="269" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Keratoisididae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but to do so would have meant the latter family could not be characterized by any synapomorphy.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
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</document> |