249 lines
33 KiB
XML
249 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="225DCDFDA2AD35209C688EB0E6FC7A76">Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AADE336FDBAA219277414E0E0325DEE7">Acevedo, Melissa J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D8F964678DC2B4769448719BDFFE324C">Straehler-Pohl, Ilka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AD15E9EB47DDB36A24FCA90A0C71E3D2">Morandini, André C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F9D20D3C6319C29ACB94E1C967FF7A8A">Bentlage, Bastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="18A90140691769CCA70BD3FD8DA56B1B">Matsumoto, George I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FB408F06E443FB5B93E49CDA56B14332">Yanagihara, Angel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BB644E0A54EF39CA5DF1209F5EDEF6EB">Toshino, Sho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="910E5553D5951CAE293E2F1144D1E93E">Bordehore, César</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="808C1F532E111C5E98DB837F76F600CB">Fuentes, Verónica L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="65AE06CB0BDD3EA522A9EDC675548DB2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D544B39582006B79DDF30AD67F57E18C">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DBECDCADDF4C647610232452086E805F">2019-01-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FC81CBF803BA1103C11BB5DC8C4FED2B">4543</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5EF42B0A95C1C669D9AC987C1F5FFCD7" type="CLB-Dataset">27692</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="386A8FEA36121F429579397A27174843" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4543.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B45208FFE7F01B14B9FB14DC639FF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5943449" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529888" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5943449" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFE7F01B14B9FB14DC639FF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B45208FFE7F01B14B9FB14DC639FF9" lastPageNumber="524" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE7F01B14B9FB14DD619928" box="[151,586,295,322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14B9FB14DD619928" blockId="9.[151,586,295,355]" box="[151,586,295,322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<heading id="D0EA5472FFE7F01B14B9FB14DD619928" bold="true" box="[151,586,295,322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE7F01B14B9FB14DD619928" ID-CoL="RHXC" authority="Conant, 1897" authorityName=", Conant" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,586,295,322]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xaymacana">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B14B9FB14DD619928" bold="true" box="[151,586,295,322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B14B9FB14DEB6992B" bold="true" box="[151,413,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Carybdea xaymacana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE7F01B158DFB1BDD619928" author="Conant, F. S." box="[419,586,296,322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" pagination="8 - 10" refId="ref18316" refString="Conant, F. S. (1897) Notes on the Cubomedusae. Johns Hopkins University Circulars, 132, 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1897">Conant, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE7F01B14B9FB79DE519908" box="[151,378,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14B9FB79DE519908" blockId="9.[151,586,295,355]" box="[151,378,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE7F01B14B9FB79DFF49909" box="[151,223,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text). C. marsupialis: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals. C. xaymacana: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals. Carybdea confusa: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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E–I; 7B, D, F
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE7F01B14B9FBA1DE6B9A7D" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14B9FBA1DE6B9A7D" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B14B9FBA1DEA899C1" bold="true" box="[151,387,402,427]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Material examined:</emphasis>
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Five (5) specimens from Smithsonian Institution (USNM 54457, 54458, 54461); polyps and newly released medusae from the cultures of R. Petie, member of the working group of Assistant Prof. A. Garm, University of Copenhagen,
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<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE7F01B15E0FBE9DD129999" box="[462,569,474,499]" name="Denmark" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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, originally sampled by B.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE7F01B174AFBE8DAB79999" author="Werner, B. & Cutress, C. E. & Studebaker, J. P." box="[868,1436,474,499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" pagination="582 - 583" refId="ref22961" refString="Werner, B., Cutress, C. E. & Studebaker, J. P. (1971) Life Cycle of Tripedalia cystophora Conant (Cubomedusae). Nature, 232 (5312), 582 - 583. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 232582 a 0" type="journal article" year="1971">Werner, C. E. Cutress, and J. P. Studebaker (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE7F01B149AFBCCDE169A7D" box="[180,317,510,535]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE7F01B14E9F811DD7C9A35" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9F811DD7C9A35" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B14E9F811DE119A51" bold="true" box="[199,314,546,571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: Gastric phacellae epaulette shaped, single rooted; Velarial canals 2 per octant; biforked; Pedalia knee bend volcano-shaped to triangular.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE7F01B14E9F859DD5E9EB5" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9F859DB129A84" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B14E9F859DE7A9AE9" bold="true" box="[199,337,618,643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Description</emphasis>
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: Adult medusa: Bell (
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<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE7F01B1676F859DD9B9AE9" box="[600,688,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text). C. marsupialis: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals. C. xaymacana: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals. Carybdea confusa: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
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), highly transparent, colourless, bell-shaped, scattered with very small colourless nematocyst warts; mammilation scatters bell from apex to bell margin (bigger nematocyst warts at interradial furrows, smaller nematocyst warts on bell sides): apex plane convex (
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<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE7F01B1049F881DBE99AA1" box="[1127,1218,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text). C. marsupialis: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals. C. xaymacana: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals. Carybdea confusa: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
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), slight horizontal constriction near the top present. Bell height up to
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<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE7F01B16E1F8E4DC349A84" box="[719,799,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
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, bell width up to
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<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE7F01B17CDF8E4DB1E9A84" box="[995,1077,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9F8C9DBCE9BC9" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
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Pedalia (
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<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE7F01B1504F8C9DEAF9B79" box="[298,388,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text). C. marsupialis: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals. C. xaymacana: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals. Carybdea confusa: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
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), 4, simple, unbranched flattened, scalpel-shaped, measures approx. 1/3 – 1/2 bell height in length, situated in each interradial corner, with irregular, white nematocyst bands on outer keel of pedalia, very small warts scatter outer half of pedalia, carrying single, flesh coloured tentacles in the interradial corners of the bell rim, pedalial canal strongly depressed at base (diamond-shaped in diameter), going straight through pedalium, showing a volcano-shaped to triangular knee bend with small peak appendage on outer knee bend.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9F99DDC969C65" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Rhopalia, 4, located inside heart-shaped rhopalial niche ostium, with triangular covering scale ("angle" rounded), scale scattered with very small nematocysts, approx. 1/7 to 1/8 of bell height up from margin; rhopalium with 6 eyes (2 median lens eyes + 2 lateral slit eyes + 2 lateral pit eyes).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9FE29DE1D9CF5" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
|
||
Velarium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE7F01B1510FE29DEA09C59" box="[318,395,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1804,1826]" captionTargetBox="[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[256,1303,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text). C. marsupialis: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals. C. xaymacana: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals. Carybdea confusa: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618015/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE7F01B155AFE28DEA09C59" box="[372,395,1051,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">1I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), with very small nematocyst warts, containing 2 velarial canals per octant, broad in width, forked at tips, sharp tips, seldom dendritic, at times with more than 2 branches; canals flanking frenulum simpler, sometimes unforked, canals flanking pedalia more complex with 2 to 3 main branches and sometimes with single side branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9FE99DD579D44" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
|
||
Manubrium (1/3 – 1/2 bell height in length), 4 lobes, cruciform without nematocyst warts, and connected to flat and shallow stomach; stomach communicates perradially with 4 gastric pockets leading into velarial canals. Gastric phacellae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE7F01B1547FEC1DEC19D61" box="[361,490,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1386,1408]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,159,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[150,1436,159,1363]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Characters for identification in species of the family Carybdeidae (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. brevipedalia: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) linear gastric phacellus C) gastric filament, note long stem (arrow) D) peaked (arrow) pedalial canal knee bend E) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots. C. rastonii: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) linear gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend I) octant of velarium, note two broad, blunt tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618019/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Figs. 3F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
), 4, epaulette-shaped, mounted on 4 stomach corners, consisting of 30–35 filaments per quadrant originating from a single root.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9FF09DBA29DF1" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Gonads, 4 pairs, narrow leaf-like, separated by unperforated interradial septum, extending from stomach rim to bell margin, tapering toward stomach rim and bell margin; differences in the gonads between both sexes can be observed under the microscope, as for other carybdeid species; ripe gonads milky whitish.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9FF95DC899E6C" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B14E9FF95DB419DD5" bold="true" box="[199,1130,1446,1471]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
|
||
Early development of newly released medusae from polyps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE7F01B1785FF95DB719DD5" box="[939,1114,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,351,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1435,351,1743]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison between smaller stages of C. marsupialis (left column) and C. xaymacana (right column): A and B) general view of the small cubomedusae, 4 tentacles in C. marsupialis and 2 tentacles in C. xaymacana; C and D) comparison of the tentacles; E and F) detail of the rhopaliar niche. Photographs taken of live specimens (with exception of E): E. Obis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618027/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Figs. 7B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE7F01B109BFF95DA3B9DD5" box="[1205,1296,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,351,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1435,351,1743]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison between smaller stages of C. marsupialis (left column) and C. xaymacana (right column): A and B) general view of the small cubomedusae, 4 tentacles in C. marsupialis and 2 tentacles in C. xaymacana; C and D) comparison of the tentacles; E and F) detail of the rhopaliar niche. Photographs taken of live specimens (with exception of E): E. Obis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618027/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
), yellowish, tetraradial, slightly pyramidal shaped with large, ovoid (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE7F01B173DFFF8DC519D88" box="[787,890,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE7F01B17B9FFF9DCD59D89" box="[919,1022,1482,1507]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
) nematocyst warts, both sides of the interradial furrow; bell height up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE7F01B1604FFDCDDA99E6C" box="[554,642,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, bell width up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE7F01B176BFFDCDCB59E6C" box="[837,926,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9FC21DC7A9E19" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
|
||
Tentacles, 2 (primary) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE7F01B15F6FC21DD199E41" box="[472,562,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,351,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1435,351,1743]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison between smaller stages of C. marsupialis (left column) and C. xaymacana (right column): A and B) general view of the small cubomedusae, 4 tentacles in C. marsupialis and 2 tentacles in C. xaymacana; C and D) comparison of the tentacles; E and F) detail of the rhopaliar niche. Photographs taken of live specimens (with exception of E): E. Obis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618027/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
), located on opposite corners, lacking pedalia, resembling pearl-string with spherical, orange coloured, and lens-shaped, white nematocyst batteries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE7F01B17F8FC05DB199E25" box="[982,1074,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,351,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1435,351,1743]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison between smaller stages of C. marsupialis (left column) and C. xaymacana (right column): A and B) general view of the small cubomedusae, 4 tentacles in C. marsupialis and 2 tentacles in C. xaymacana; C and D) comparison of the tentacles; E and F) detail of the rhopaliar niche. Photographs taken of live specimens (with exception of E): E. Obis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618027/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
); during further growth medusa develops a second pair of tentacles between primary tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9FC4DDE849ED1" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
|
||
Rhopalial niche ostia not yet developed, rhopalium with 6 eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE7F01B1784FC4DDCD49EFD" box="[938,1023,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,351,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1435,351,1743]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Comparison between smaller stages of C. marsupialis (left column) and C. xaymacana (right column): A and B) general view of the small cubomedusae, 4 tentacles in C. marsupialis and 2 tentacles in C. xaymacana; C and D) comparison of the tentacles; E and F) detail of the rhopaliar niche. Photographs taken of live specimens (with exception of E): E. Obis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618027/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
) (2 median lens eyes + 2 lateral slit eyes + 2 lateral pit eyes).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9FCF5DD5E9EB5" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" box="[199,629,1734,1759]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Gastric filaments, 4, one per quadrant.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE7F01B14E9FCD9DC639FF9" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9FCD9DE1B9F05" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B14E9FCD9DE169F69" bold="true" box="[199,317,1770,1795]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE7F01B15E3FCD8DD469F69" authorityName=", Conant" authorityYear="1897" box="[461,621,1771,1795]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xaymacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B15E3FCD8DD469F69" box="[461,621,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">C. xaymacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first reclassified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE7F01B1750FCD8DBF29F69" box="[894,1241,1770,1795]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="marsupialis" variety="xaymacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B1750FCD8DB099F69" box="[894,1058,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B1077FCDFDBF29F69" box="[1113,1241,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">xaymacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE7F01B112CFCD8DAB79F69" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[1282,1436,1771,1795]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" pagination="499 - 735" refId="ref20651" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) The Scyphomedusae. In: The Medusae of the World. Vol. III. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 109 (3), 499 - 735." type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and then as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE7F01B1532FD3CDD639F4C" box="[284,584,1806,1831]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="marsupialis" subSpecies="xaymacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B1532FD3CDD639F4C" box="[284,584,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">C. marsupialis xaymacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE7F01B165DFD3DDC0C9F4D" author="Bigelow, H. B." box="[627,807,1806,1831]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" pagination="99 - 189" refId="ref17433" refString="Bigelow, H. B. (1938) Plankton of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expeditions. VIII. Medusae taken during the years 1929 and 1930. Zoologica NY, 23 (Part 2), 99 - 189." type="journal article" year="1938">Bigelow (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE7F01B1757FD3CDB329F4D" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[889,1049,1806,1831]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" pagination="304 - 310" refId="ref19797" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the Medusae of the World. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 304 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531540000744 X" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE7F01B107EFD3DDA349F4D" author="Studebaker, J. P." box="[1104,1311,1806,1831]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" refId="ref22498" refString="Studebaker, J. P. (1972) Development of the cubomedusa, Carybdea marsupialis. Master thesis, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 60 pp." type="book" year="1972">Studebaker (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE7F01B14B9FD00DE139F21" authorityName=", Conant" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,312,1843,1867]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xaymacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B14B9FD00DE139F21" box="[151,312,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">C. xaymacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE7F01B155EFD00DD249F21" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[368,527,1843,1867]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="murrayana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B155EFD00DD249F21" box="[368,527,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">C. murrayana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE7F01B16E0FD00DC589F21" authorityName=": Kramp" authorityYear="1961" box="[718,883,1842,1867]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B16E0FD00DC589F21" box="[718,883,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but Gershwin (2005) hinted at the separation of these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE7F01B14E9FD49DC639FF9" blockId="9.[151,1437,402,1939]" box="[199,840,1914,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B14E9FD49DEC29FF9" bold="true" box="[199,489,1914,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">Reported distribution of</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE7F01B15DFFD49DC639FF9" authority=": Caribbean Sea" authorityName="Caribbean Sea" box="[497,840,1914,1939]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="9" pageNumber="524" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xaymacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B15DFFD49DDB59FF9" bold="true" box="[497,670,1914,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE7F01B15DFFD49DDBE9FF8" bold="true" box="[497,661,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="524">C. xaymacana</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Caribbean Sea
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |