328 lines
34 KiB
XML
328 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="E4AFBF2B83D0AA7C5B2D1420802D3C49" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3635.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d4675d41-094b-402d-a545-04c1a927fe3b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="219088" ID-ZooBank="B74B0B78-911E-41FE-879F-7D41C8A77DBF" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460585873428" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vršanský, Peter, Vidlička, Ľubomír, Barna, Peter, Bugdaeva, Eugenia & Markevich, Valentina" docDate="2013" docId="3317878B80056C27BD9AA005FBCAF912" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03635p126.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3635 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ergaula stonebut Vršanský, Vidlička, Barna, Bugdaeva & Markevich, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="124" masterDocId="CF2EFFF380036C20BD0DA43AFF92FFCD" masterDocTitle="Paleocene origin of the cockroach families Blaberidae and Corydiidae: Evidence from Amur River region of Russia" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="117" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1698325143025" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="1D4B3DD9BDE07C5B19447BB68186155B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6E807DFFD9F7DF5EAEEB3CC6B3CAE175">
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<mods:title id="6C62F32E061E81B6F7142198A90DCFF8">Paleocene origin of the cockroach families Blaberidae and Corydiidae: Evidence from Amur River region of Russia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="151B759C22AB6ACCB342D31551B00097" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C61FD89C90702A1E42F186342F4098A9">Vršanský, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FB669D72B09A992C3BDE08F86F171620">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6D444F4183A6B63BF3188EEF7D2A0863">Vidlička, Ľubomír</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3540FEA79DBF1E5E060DA9E6397804F4">Barna, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F947E72752775B71DBB1329D1A971E13" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FAF5A85C95BED84C2D0EA93925C02493">Bugdaeva, Eugenia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A231A5E8C2E639217D054DD4B55CE29A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8D7A7E5939E82470EAA922DE7858FDC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9318804E629144DB060D0E81AA0913A0">Markevich, Valentina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AC24CE7174EBEC0FD50205482C0A6D93">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="ED8616113EF99699DAAAF73DED590369">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CAF4A96683F1779AC210CCF163B08B10">
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<mods:date id="E1B36602B1597BAA90D9F2123FF7ABED">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="850DD8AE002A1C3EA202727C8DFDC76A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="ED9E4F3BEA7BB16864312A47FB3CA1E7">3635</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="77A0F2B0A7438328148EC645764F1A85">117</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="3349CC0A51515D063B0AFFD38DADF98F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3635.2.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="44AE3B181BD49D63D4ACE32BAEF7E7DA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="88E4790D123091A42048DF7A35A013F9" type="Zenodo-Dep">219088</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3317878B80056C27BD9AA005FBCAF912" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6155148" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119564945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6155148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3317878B80056C27BD9AA005FBCAF912" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3317878B80056C27BD9AA005FBCAF912" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<subSubSection id="F3A4651680056C26BD9AA005FE23FB94" box="[151,433,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BB01369D80056C26BD9AA005FE23FB94" blockId="6.[151,433,1087,1113]" box="[151,433,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<heading id="E04981F180056C26BD9AA005FE23FB94" bold="true" box="[151,433,1087,1113]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BD9AA005FE23FB94" bold="true" box="[151,433,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BD9AA005FEFAFB94" box="[151,360,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stonebut" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BD9AA005FEFAFB94" bold="true" box="[151,360,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Ergaula stonebut</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="92F957F480056C26BC62A005FE23FB94" box="[367,433,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F3A4651680056C26BD9AA0BDFB63FB0F" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="BB01369D80056C26BD9AA0BDFB63FB0F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1158,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<typeStatus id="6405883F80056C26BD9AA0BDFE96FB52" box="[151,260,1159,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BD9AA0BDFE96FB52" bold="true" box="[151,260,1159,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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. IGNM FEB RAS ANHM 4/7. Both forewings;
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<typeStatus id="6405883F80056C26BE22A0BDFCCDFB52" box="[815,863,1159,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
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locality, Archara-Boguchan, Belaya Gora locality, stratotype of the Tsagayan Formation, Far East,
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<collectingCountry id="C3A9760D80056C26BFBCA090FD6DFB0F" box="[689,767,1194,1218]" name="Russia" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Russia</collectingCountry>
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;
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<typeStatus id="6405883F80056C26BE06A091FCA9FB0E" box="[779,827,1195,1219]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
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horizon, Tsagayan Formation, Danian.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F3A4651680056C26BDCAA0F4FC52FAC7" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="BB01369D80056C26BDCAA0F4FC52FAC7" blockId="6.[151,1436,1158,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BDCAA0F4FEA8FB2A" bold="true" box="[199,314,1230,1255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Forewing narrow, length/width: 31/
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<quantity id="7C469B7880056C26BFE1A0F4FCD2FB2B" box="[748,832,1230,1254]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
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, its venation reduced to approximately 50 veins at margin. Sc branched broadly. Intercalaries distinct, coloration indistinct.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F3A4651680056C26BDCAA12CFC10FA57" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BB01369D80056C26BDCAA12CFC10FA57" blockId="6.[151,1436,1158,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BDCAA12CFEC3FAE2" bold="true" box="[199,337,1302,1327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Description</emphasis>
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. Forewing fore margin slightly arcuate. Sc with both anterior (3 on left forewing, 1 on right forewing) and posterior (4, 4) branches. R more or less regularly branched, with venation more dense towards apex; veins secondarily branched (19, 16). M with secondary branches, curved posteriorly (11, 12). CuA largely simplified, reduced to 3 branches at most. Anal veins sparse (6, 7).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F3A4651680056C26BDCAA19DFDFFF887" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="BB01369D80056C26BDCAA19DFE51F9BF" blockId="6.[151,1436,1158,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BDCAA19DFEA6FA72" bold="true" box="[199,308,1447,1471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Remarks</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BC4FA192FE53FA73" box="[322,449,1446,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stonebut" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BC4FA192FE53FA73" box="[322,449,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">E. stonebut</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="92F957F480056C26BCC4A19DFD9BFA72" box="[457,521,1447,1471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BCC4A19DFD9BFA72" bold="true" box="[457,521,1447,1471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">sp. n.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BF92A19CFC71FA73" authority="Bilberg, 1820" authorityName="Bilberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[671,995,1446,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Therea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BF92A19CFD7FFA73" box="[671,749,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Therea</emphasis>
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Bilberg, 1820 (
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<collectingCountry id="C3A9760D80056C26BE93A19CFC49FA73" box="[926,987,1446,1470]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">India</collectingCountry>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(the same tribe) in having costal space comparatively narrow and Sc less expanded and with branches running more longitudinally, M and R reduced to some extent and fused.
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<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BCB3A1D4FD71F9CB" authority="Hebard, 1929" authorityName="Hebard" authorityYear="1929" box="[446,739,1518,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Eucorydia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BCB3A1D4FDA1F9CB" box="[446,563,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Eucorydia</emphasis>
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Hebard, 1929
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</taxonomicName>
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(SE Asia) and
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<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BEA3A1D4FACAF9CB" authority="Shelford, 1906 (Borneo)" authorityName="Shelford, 1906 (Borneo" box="[942,1368,1518,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Miroblatta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BEA3A1D4FBB4F9CB" box="[942,1062,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Miroblatta</emphasis>
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Shelford, 1906 (Borneo)
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</taxonomicName>
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have exclusively straight stem of R (without any posterior branches), the latter comprises deviant forms with extremely wide forewings, sometimes reduced to some extent.
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<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BFD2A20DFBD6F983" authority="Burmeiser, 1838" authorityName="Burmeiser" authorityYear="1838" box="[735,1092,1590,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Homoeogamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BFD2A20DFC16F983" box="[735,900,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Homoeogamia</emphasis>
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Burmeiser, 1838
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</taxonomicName>
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is limited to
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<collectingCountry id="C3A9760D80056C26B9DBA20CFAA4F983" box="[1238,1334,1590,1614]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">America</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="C3A9760D80056C26B848A20CFA0EF983" box="[1349,1436,1590,1614]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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and South
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<collectingCountry id="C3A9760D80056C26BC03A260FEE3F9BF" box="[270,369,1626,1650]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">America</collectingCountry>
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) today.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB01369D80056C26BDC3A244FDFFF887" blockId="6.[151,1436,1158,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BDC3A244FE1DF95B" box="[206,399,1662,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stonebut" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BDC3A244FE1DF95B" box="[206,399,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Ergaula stonebut</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="92F957F480056C26BC9BA245FE47F95A" box="[406,469,1663,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BC9BA245FE47F95A" bold="true" box="[406,469,1663,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">sp. n.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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can be placed within
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<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BFC7A244FCB7F95B" box="[714,805,1662,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BFC7A244FCB7F95B" box="[714,805,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Ergaula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by simple exclusion and differs from its congeners only in minor characters. It is generally very similar to
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<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BFCEA29EFC8BF976" box="[707,793,1700,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atica">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BFCEA29EFC8BF976" box="[707,793,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">E. atica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the sediments of
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<collectingCountry id="C3A9760D80056C26B914A298FBC5F977" box="[1049,1111,1698,1722]" name="Israel" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Israel</collectingCountry>
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(presumably Eocene in age), including the narrowness of forewings with distinct intercalaries and wide space between respective Sc branches (3 symplesiomorphies).
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<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BC81A2D6FE7AF8CE" box="[396,488,1772,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atica">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BC81A2D6FE7AF8CE" box="[396,488,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">E. atica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also is very large, (forewing length
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<quantity id="7C469B7880056C26BE93A2D0FC64F8CF" box="[926,1014,1770,1794]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
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). The single preserved individual is distinctly coloured and posses numerous deformations. Undescribed specimens from the Messel,
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<collectingCountry id="C3A9760D80056C26B9DAA334FAADF8EB" box="[1239,1343,1806,1830]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">Germany</collectingCountry>
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are also very similar (H. Schmied, in preparation).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F3A4651680056C27BDCAA36CFC6BFE61" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BB01369D80056C26BDCAA36CFAD3F817" blockId="6.[151,1436,1158,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BDF0A362FEECF8A3" box="[253,382,1878,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stonebut" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BDF0A362FEECF8A3" box="[253,382,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">E. stonebut</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="92F957F480056C26BC85A36DFE59F8A2" box="[392,459,1879,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BC85A36DFE59F8A2" bold="true" box="[392,459,1879,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
forewing is without deformities; it is narrower than in any living species. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="6405883F80056C26B866A36DFA09F8A2" box="[1387,1435,1879,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BDE2A346FE3FF85E" box="[239,429,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Corydia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carunculigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BDE2A346FE3FF85E" box="[239,429,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">E. carunculigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having a considerably smaller forewing (21–
|
||
<date id="CF00105D80056C26B91BA340FBA1F85F" box="[1046,1075,1914,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" value="1927-05-13">27</date>
|
||
/ 13.5 mm) (Gerstaecker 1861).
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BD9AA3A4FEFAF87B" box="[151,360,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BD9AA3A4FF64F87B" box="[151,246,1950,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ergaula</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BC0CA3A5FEFAF87B" box="[257,360,1951,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Homoeogamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capucina">capucina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs in having all Sc venation dense;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BE35A39AFC0FF87B" box="[824,925,1950,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Zetobora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BE35A39AFC0FF87B" box="[824,925,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">E. pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has dense Sc venation in the anterior region only (Rehn 1951). Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80056C26BCD9A3FEFDC1F816" box="[468,595,1988,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Dyscologamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80056C26BCD9A3FEFDC1F816" box="[468,595,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="123">E. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are much larger (
|
||
<quantity id="7C469B7880056C26BE14A3F8FC01F817" box="[793,915,1986,2010]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="56.0" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="55.0">55–57 mm</quantity>
|
||
in total body length) (Hanitsch 1938).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB01369D80046C27BDCAA4ADFC13FED1" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
The much smaller forewing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BF39A4A3FD20FF7D" box="[564,690,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Dyscologamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BF39A4A3FD20FF7D" box="[564,690,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">E. funebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="7C469B7880046C27BE8AA4ADFC4FFF62" box="[903,989,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
: (Hanitsch 1933)) is monochromatic a character likely shared by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BCB0A487FDA9FF19" box="[445,571,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stonebut" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BCB0A487FDA9FF19" box="[445,571,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">E. stonebut</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="92F957F480046C27BF4CA486FD12FF19" box="[577,640,188,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BF4CA486FD12FF19" bold="true" box="[577,640,188,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
However, the wing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BE72A487FC6BFF19" box="[895,1017,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Dyscologamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BE72A487FC6BFF19" box="[895,1017,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">E. funebris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much wider.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27B9A6A486FA11FF19" box="[1195,1411,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27B9A6A486FA11FF19" box="[1195,1411,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Ergaula nepalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique in having discoidal veins straight and longitudinal (Saussure 1893), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27B933A4DBFB41FF35" box="[1086,1235,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Polyphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silphoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27B933A4DBFB41FF35" box="[1086,1235,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">E. silphoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like most living species, has a rounded fore-margin of the forewing (Walker 1868).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB01369D80046C27BDCAA51DFC6BFE61" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Some distinct characters revealed in the course of study of living
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BEC6A513FBC7FE8D" box="[971,1109,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Homoeogamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capucina">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BEC6A513FBC7FE8D" box="[971,1109,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">E. capucina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are seen in forewing of the present fossil. The most distinct among them are asymmetrical sclerotisation (due to folding of wings over each other) and invagination in the base of R, which represents the huge ventral ridge serving for folding of the hind wing. Visible are also reticulations caused by sclerotisation in the costal area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F3A4651680046C27BDCAA582FBDDFE02" box="[199,1103,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB01369D80046C27BDCAA582FBDDFE02" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" box="[199,1103,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BDCAA582FEDCFE1D" bold="true" box="[199,334,440,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BC59A582FE21FE1D" box="[340,435,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stonebut">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BC59A582FE21FE1D" box="[340,435,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">stonebut</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from some Slavic languages (means something).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F3A4651680046C27BD9AA619FBCAF912" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB01369D80046C27BD9AA619FE87FDF1" blockId="7.[151,277,547,572]" box="[151,277,547,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BD9AA619FE87FDF1" bold="true" box="[151,277,547,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB01369D80046C27BD9AA656FE4FFC69" blockId="7.[151,1437,620,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Based on study of terminal Mesozoic as well as Eocene cockroaches, it follows that most living cockroach genera originated directly at or around PETM (Vršanský
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BFCCA6ABFD6BFD65" box="[705,761,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011, 2012b). Warming not only expanded the geographical range and the thermic optimum in more northern latitudes, but also produced conditions different from those present in the original source area. Changes on land resulted in a higher evolutionary tempo as evidenced by cockroaches (Vršanský 2011, 2012ab). Nevertheless, the present observations are direct evidence for the pre- PETM origin of some of cockroach genera, which was unexpected. It is notable that both of the species described herein belong to genera present (as codominants) in the Eocene Messel (47Ma) assemblage of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3A9760D80046C27B9CCA77EFABBFC91" box="[1217,1321,836,860]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Schmied 2009, unpublished observation), suggesting the characteristic Eurasian assemblage was already formed before the Paleocene side of the PETM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB01369D80046C27BDCAA78AFE40FB9A" blockId="7.[151,1437,620,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BDCAA78AFEB0FC05" box="[199,290,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BDCAA78AFEB0FC05" box="[199,290,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Ergaula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs also in the presumably Eocene or Oligocene mangals of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3A9760D80046C27BEF2A795FBAFFC0A" box="[1023,1085,943,967]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Anisyutkin
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27B9D9A78BFA9FFC05" box="[1236,1293,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008) and a leathery wing described as
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BCC1A7EEFD1DFC21" box="[460,655,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Netherea haatica</emphasis>
|
||
Vršanský & Anisyutkin, 2008 seems to represent the smaller female of living
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BC0EA7C2FECCFBDD" box="[259,350,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BC0EA7C2FECCFBDD" box="[259,350,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Ergaula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—a common sexual dimorphism of this genus. This associations are likely very similar unless identical in respect to generic content and support the Eocene stage for obscure (originally presumed to be Mesozoic) locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3A9760D80046C27BC81A005FE5CFB9A" box="[396,462,1087,1111]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB01369D80046C27BDCAA05EFE7AFB52" blockId="7.[151,1437,620,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Different were some Eocene North American localities, where predominantly smaller species were preserved (Vršanský
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BC02A0B3FEDAFB6D" box="[271,328,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011a, 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB01369D80046C27BDCAA097FC47FA72" blockId="7.[151,1437,620,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Very little can be learned from the geography of the two specimens.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BEC7A096FBB7FB09" box="[970,1061,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Ergaula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BEC7A096FBB7FB09" box="[970,1061,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Ergaula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently is widely distributed in Africa and Asia, but apparently was also present also in Europe in PETM, but absent in the Americas during the Eocene.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BDFAA0CEFECDFAC1" box="[247,351,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Morphna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BDFAA0CEFECDFAC1" box="[247,351,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Morphna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a similar wide pattern in Asia (absent in Africa), with occurrence in Europe during PETM. The important aspect of deformed wings is ambiguous in this respect. While no wing deformation (developmental change modifying wing geometry, most often fusion of veins or irregularity), is reported in hundreds of Eocene individuals from the Green River in Colorado, very few are present in Early Miocene localities. Deformations are common and abundant in more recent fossils and in living cockroaches. The single specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27B9C0A1BEFAA7FA51" box="[1229,1333,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Morphna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27B9C0A1BEFAA7FA51" box="[1229,1333,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Morphna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Paleocene possesses at least one such deformity, which may be stochastic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB01369D80046C27BDCAA1F6FBCAF912" blockId="7.[151,1437,620,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BDCAA1F6FEBDFA29" box="[199,303,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" genus="Morphna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BDCAA1F6FEBDFA29" box="[199,303,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Morphna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is peculiar also in another respect in that it is not only the earliest occurrence of any living genus, but also the first occurrence of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BF46A1D5FD5AF9CA" box="[587,712,1519,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Blaberidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is possible that the original blaberid genera, representing the most advanced cockroaches of the time, survived with minor modifications to the present. In any case, the traces of plesiomorphies are valuable: branched A, branched Sc and punctuated intercalaries are all characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BD9AA266FEDDF9B9" box="[151,335,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Mesoblattinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mesoblattinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and were lost in the initial stage of the evolution of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27B960A266FB77F9B9" box="[1133,1253,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Ectobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ectobiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27B804A266FA03F9B9" box="[1289,1425,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Blattellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Blattellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Therefore, it seems likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BF05A245FD13F95A" box="[520,641,1663,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Blaberidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Blaberidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
originated directly from the extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27B935A245FB62F95A" box="[1080,1264,1663,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Mesoblattinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mesoblattinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and not from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BD9AA29EFE8AF971" box="[151,280,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Blattellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Blattellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as has been generally accepted (see Djernaes
|
||
<emphasis id="89CAEA8F80046C27BE25A29FFCF0F971" box="[808,866,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012). These results do not contradict with living material-based analyses, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BCC3A2FDFDDDF912" box="[462,591,1735,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Blattellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Blattellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are direct descendants of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CBE4D1E80046C27BE91A2FDFBC6F912" box="[924,1108,1735,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Mesoblattinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mesoblattinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |