303 lines
38 KiB
XML
303 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="AB1602D8AD36D7055BA5A01A9767BABC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.10081452" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-RefBankID="FF95FFB4FFB34905FFE32A54FFD7FFC1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10081452" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616095544137" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Shamshev, Igor V. & Grootaert, Patrick" docDate="2004" docId="DA4187F5FFF6260FFE9FFDF50DA6E599" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.52.2.315-346.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 52 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F.5:RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleId="19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Stilpon paradoxus Shamshev & Grootaert 2004, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="339" masterDocId="2678FF8DFFE02617FF87FFF40E21E436" masterDocTitle="A Review Of The Genus Stilpon Loew, 1859 (Empidoidea: Hybotidae) From The Oriental Region" masterLastPageNumber="346" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="337" updateTime="1700277527445" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="116F97D479977CE5C044ACF54B77D0B4">
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<mods:title id="084190FBFD7C0A8183BEBBA1510EA538">A Review Of The Genus Stilpon Loew, 1859 (Empidoidea: Hybotidae) From The Oriental Region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="156EE07B7E4283FEBA92D89BCC685803">Shamshev, Igor V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="83F31157F97C2534669846C7DB27581D">Grootaert, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="433DEAA1EA6BBD9FB9A58A80D6F2EC7A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6295303DE48ED3C427F516ABE4568C83">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="FF905A6E936363176D8704196A3BB44E">
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<mods:date id="7CDB5A5354BFCCDE5897A3D13E1347E4">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D79E53A2EA5943B6A404E0A3A8770D81" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1CA966A7A50AF08B8159BD3837CBC69B">52</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1B022B26D4212D499AC43B9266D1250A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="D8455F35D3A4B3FFE9B70F22111A9CFB">2</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="605A19DE0DCA879EC1D0C34C71D15A8F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.10081452</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5CDD9A4E71112AF9E0288A2839187DE3" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DA4187F5FFF6260FFE9FFDF50DA6E599" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA4187F5FFF6260FFE9FFDF50DA6E599" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA4187F5FFF6260FFE9FFDF50DA6E599" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
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<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFF62601FE9FFDF50C56E62E" box="[280,631,512,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="525736E3FFF62601FE9FFDF50C56E62E" blockId="22.[280,631,512,568]" box="[280,631,512,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
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<heading id="091F818FFFF62601FE9FFDF50C56E62E" bold="true" box="[280,631,512,537]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF62601FE9FFDF50C56E62E" bold="true" box="[280,631,512,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
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<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF62601FE9FFDF50FC3E62F" ID-CoL="52QL8" authority="Shamshev & Grootaert, 2004" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[280,482,513,537]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF62601FE9FFDF50FC3E62F" bold="true" box="[280,482,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Stilpon paradoxus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7BAF578AFFF62601FE75FDF40C56E62E" box="[498,631,512,536]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFF62601FE06FDD50C2FE60E" box="[385,526,545,568]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="description">
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<paragraph id="525736E3FFF62601FE06FDD50C2FE60E" blockId="22.[280,631,512,568]" box="[385,526,545,568]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
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(
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<figureCitation id="CAD32A66FFF62601FE0EFDD50C27E60E" box="[393,518,545,568]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStartId-0="22.[136,180,2062,2083]" captionStartId-1="23.[115,159,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox-0="[205,1392,1256,2024]" captionTargetBox-1="[283,1277,1188,2000]" captionTargetId-0="figure-476@22.[197,1420,1233,2049]" captionTargetId-1="figure-500@23.[265,1304,1180,2017]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionText-0="Figs. 69-72. Stilpon paradoxus, new species, male. 69, mid leg, anterior view, 70, mid femur, posterior view, 71, apical part of hind tibia, dorsal view, 72, wing, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." captionText-1="Figs. 73-75. Stilpon paradoxus, new species, male. 73, hypopygium, ventral view, 74, same, left lateral view, 75, phallus, dorsal view; hypd – hypandrium, rt epan lam – right epandrial lamella, rt sur – right surstylus, u lb – upper lobe of left surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081482" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081484" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10081482/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10081484/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Figs. 69-75</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFF62601FF0FFD950C69E718" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="525736E3FFF62601FF0FFD950C73E699" blockId="22.[136,775,608,687]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
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<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF62601FF0FFD950F52E640" bold="true" box="[136,371,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Material examined. –</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="E2803CBEFFF62601FEFAFD950C73E699" collectingDate="2000-05-24" collectionCode="FIRS, SWU" collectorName="P. Grootaert" country="Thailand" location="Na Haeo" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loei" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="8D538841FFF62601FEFAFD950FFCE640" box="[381,477,609,630]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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- male,
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<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF62601FDB9FD940CE7E643" bold="true" box="[574,710,608,629]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
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||
<collectingCountry id="2AFF7673FFF62601FDB9FD940CE7E643" box="[574,710,608,629]" name="Thailand" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="902CF801FFF62601FD5FFD950EFFE6A4" country="Thailand" name="Loei" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Loei province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="57376038FFF62601FF6FFD890F1EE6A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA4187F5FFF6260FFE9FFDF50DA6E599:57376038FFF62601FF6FFD890F1EE6A4" box="[232,319,637,658]" country="Thailand" name="Na Haeo" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" stateProvince="Loei">Na Haeo</location>
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, riverbanks in gallery forest at
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<collectionCode id="34F9AE26FFF62601FDEEFD890CBFE6A4" box="[617,670,637,658]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">FIRS</collectionCode>
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, sample n 2020,
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<date id="26561023FFF62601FF41FD6E0F6BE699" box="[198,330,666,687]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" value="2000-05-24">
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<collectingDate id="3612E9CBFFF62601FF41FD6E0F6BE699" box="[198,330,666,687]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" value="2000-05-24">24 May.2000</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="FF1D5335FFF62601FE00FD6E0FDFE699" box="[391,510,666,687]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">P. Grootaert</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode id="34F9AE26FFF62601FD8AFD6E0C66E699" box="[525,583,666,687]" country="South Korea" name="Sungshin Women's University" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="Herbarium">SWU</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="525736E3FFF62601FF0FFD230C69E718" blockId="22.[136,775,727,814]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
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<materialsCitation id="E2803CBEFFF62601FF0FFD230CCFE6D8" box="[136,750,727,750]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="6" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="8D538841FFF62601FF0FFD230ED1E6D8" box="[136,240,727,750]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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–
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<specimenCount id="44EEFD6AFFF62601FE8BFD230F40E6D8" box="[268,353,727,750]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="44EEFD6AFFF62601FEEBFD230FF6E6D8" box="[364,471,727,750]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
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, same data as in
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<typeStatus id="8D538841FFF62601FD0AFD230CCFE6D8" box="[653,750,727,750]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="E2803CBEFFF62601FD7DFD230C64E718" collectingDate="1999-02-10" collectionCode="SWU, ZRC, RBINS" collectorName="Na Haeo & P. Grootaert." pageId="22" pageNumber="337" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount id="44EEFD6AFFF62601FD7DFD230EE8E738" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount id="44EEFD6AFFF62601FF53FD030F1EE738" box="[212,319,759,782]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="FF1D5335FFF62601FECDFD030F8DE738" box="[330,428,759,782]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Na Haeo</collectorName>
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, sample n 99016,
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<date id="26561023FFF62601FDFDFD030D23E738" box="[634,770,759,782]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" value="1999-02-10">
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<collectingDate id="3612E9CBFFF62601FDFDFD030D23E738" box="[634,770,759,782]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" value="1999-02-10">10 Feb.1999</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="FF1D5335FFF62601FF38FCE30F6AE718" box="[191,331,791,814]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">P. Grootaert.</collectorName>
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||
(
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<collectionCode id="34F9AE26FFF62601FEDCFCE30FBBE718" box="[347,410,791,814]" country="South Korea" name="Sungshin Women's University" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="Herbarium">SWU</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="34F9AE26FFF62601FE21FCE30FFCE718" box="[422,477,791,814]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">ZRC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="34F9AE26FFF62601FE6DFCE30C1CE718" box="[490,573,791,814]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" name="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="Museum">RBINS</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFF62601FF0FFCA30D29E038" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="525736E3FFF62601FF0FFCA30D29E038" blockId="22.[136,776,855,1038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
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<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF62601FF0FFCA30F2CE759" bold="true" box="[136,269,855,879]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Diagnosis. –</emphasis>
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Species with black brown thorax, differing from all other species from Oriental region by a set of unique characters of male, including constriction in middle hind femur, spur-like posterior apical comb on hind tibia, modified abdominal tergites 1-2, completely fused cerci; female habitually very similar to
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<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF62601FE15FC030FEBE038" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[402,458,1015,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lek">
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<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF62601FE15FC030FEBE038" box="[402,458,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">S. lek</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but with shortened terminalia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFF62600FF0FFBC30DA9E60E" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" type="description">
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<paragraph id="525736E3FFF62601FF0FFBC30D26E098" blockId="22.[136,775,1079,1198]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
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<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF62601FF0FFBC30F4CE078" box="[136,365,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
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<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF62601FF0FFBC30F0BE079" bold="true" box="[136,298,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Description. –</emphasis>
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Male
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</emphasis>
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. Head black in ground-colour, with minute anterior and posterior ocellars and long cruciate inner verticals. Antenna brownish yellow (in darker specimens postpedicel and style darker). Postpedicel nearly 2.0 times
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="525736E3FFF62601FCC4FF350DE6E4CE" blockId="22.[835,1475,193,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">longer than wide. Style about 5 times longer than postpedicel. Palpus pale.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="525736E3FFF62601FCC4FED50A08E5AE" blockId="22.[835,1475,289,408]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Thorax wholly black brown. Scutum entirely tomentose. Postpronotal bristle long, black, inclinate. Dorsocentrals in multiple rows, complete posteriorly. Acrostichals 2-serial, complete posteriorly.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="525736E3FFF62601FCC4FE350A79E78E" blockId="22.[835,1475,449,952]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
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Legs with colour pattern: hind coxa in extreme base; mid femur in apical 1/3, hind femur in apical 2/3 and tarsomere 5 of all legs brownish; fore tibia and fore tarsomere 1 with brownish tinge; otherwise legs yellow. Hind trochanter lacking spinules. Mid femur (
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<figureCitation id="CAD32A66FFF62601FBF1FDB50AC9E66E" box="[1142,1256,577,600]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="22.[136,180,2062,2083]" captionTargetBox="[205,1392,1256,2024]" captionTargetId="figure-476@22.[197,1420,1233,2049]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs. 69-72. Stilpon paradoxus, new species, male. 69, mid leg, anterior view, 70, mid femur, posterior view, 71, apical part of hind tibia, dorsal view, 72, wing, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081482/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Fig. 69, 70</figureCitation>
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) slender, with 1 long anterior subapical bristle, 1 long yellow basal bristle, 8 black spinules in basal 1/3 and 2 posteroventral spinules in middle. Hind femur (viewed laterally) constricted and bent near middle, broader in apical half; with row of 8 fairly long (scarcely longer than femur is deep) anteroventral bristles in apical part, row of 5-6 dorsal bristles in basal part and 3-4 dorsal spinules just beyond midpoint of femur. Fore tibia lacking prominent bristles. Mid tibia straight, rather slender, with rows of ventral spinules and 1 longer subapical spinule. Hind tibia (
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<figureCitation id="CAD32A66FFF62601FC4CFC750A3EE7AE" box="[971,1055,897,920]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="22.[136,180,2062,2083]" captionTargetBox="[205,1392,1256,2024]" captionTargetId="figure-476@22.[197,1420,1233,2049]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs. 69-72. Stilpon paradoxus, new species, male. 69, mid leg, anterior view, 70, mid femur, posterior view, 71, apical part of hind tibia, dorsal view, 72, wing, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081482/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
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) with posterior apical comb greatly modified, long, spur-like.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="525736E3FFF62600FCC4FC150E8AE4CE" blockId="22.[835,1474,993,1208]" lastBlockId="23.[113,752,193,248]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
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Wing (
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<figureCitation id="CAD32A66FFF62601FC08FC150DFEE7CE" box="[911,991,993,1016]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="22.[136,180,2062,2083]" captionTargetBox="[205,1392,1256,2024]" captionTargetId="figure-476@22.[197,1420,1233,2049]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs. 69-72. Stilpon paradoxus, new species, male. 69, mid leg, anterior view, 70, mid femur, posterior view, 71, apical part of hind tibia, dorsal view, 72, wing, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081482/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
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) normally developed, covered with uniform microtrichia; almost uniformly infuscate, somewhat deeper along longitudinal veins. Costal vein with ordinary short setulae on anterior margin. Vein R2+3 about 3 times longer than Rs. Distance between apices of R2+3 and R4+5 nearly 1.3 times longer than distance between apices of R1 and R2+3. R4+5 and M divergent and slightly arcuate in apical part. Halter with contrast black, elongate knob and pale yellow stem.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="0697666BFFF62601FF0FF7FA0C84EC76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10081482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081482/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" startId="22.[136,180,2062,2083]" targetBox="[205,1392,1256,2024]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="525736E3FFF62601FF0FF7FA0C84EC76" blockId="22.[136,1475,2062,2112]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">
|
||
Figs. 69-72.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF62601FE84F7FA0F92EC15" authority="Shamshev & Grootaert, 2004" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[259,435,2062,2083]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF62601FE84F7FA0F92EC15" box="[259,435,2062,2083]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="337">Stilpon paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7BAF578AFFF62601FE47F7FA0C16EC15" box="[448,567,2062,2083]" pageId="22" pageNumber="337" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male. 69, mid leg, anterior view, 70, mid femur, posterior view, 71, apical part of hind tibia, dorsal view, 72, wing, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="525736E3FFF72600FFF6FED50C72E60E" blockId="23.[113,753,289,568]" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">
|
||
Abdomen with hardly prominent gland-like structures at least between tergites 3-4 and 4-5. Tergite 1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CAD32A66FFF72600FDAAFEB50C5CE56E" box="[557,637,321,344]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="25.[116,160,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[142,1416,1106,1985]" captionTargetId="figure-386@25.[130,1433,1087,2004]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs. 80-84. Details of male abdomen, dorsal view. 80, Stilpon lek, new species, 81, Stilpon lekkwar, new species, 82, Stilpon trilobatus, new species, 83, Stilpon malayensis, new species, 84, Stilpon paradoxus, new species; T – tergite. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081488/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
|
||
) produced laterally into projection bearing 3 spine-like black bristles of different length and resting into a shallow sclerotized excavation on tergite 2; tergite 3 with posteromarginal spinules; tergites 4-6 with minute posteromarginal setulae; tergite 7 with short ordinary bristles, segment 8 with short bristles. Sternites bearing ordinary bristles becoming more numerous and stronger toward hypopygium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="525736E3FFF72600FFF6FD950C5CE78E" blockId="23.[113,753,609,952]" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">
|
||
Hypopygium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CAD32A66FFF72600FE88FD950FA8E64E" box="[271,393,609,632]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="23.[115,159,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[283,1277,1188,2000]" captionTargetId="figure-500@23.[265,1304,1180,2017]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs. 73-75. Stilpon paradoxus, new species, male. 73, hypopygium, ventral view, 74, same, left lateral view, 75, phallus, dorsal view; hypd – hypandrium, rt epan lam – right epandrial lamella, rt sur – right surstylus, u lb – upper lobe of left surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081484/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">Fig. 73, 74</figureCitation>
|
||
) dark brown, large. Hypandrium with 2 strong bristles in apical part. Epandrium completely divided. Left epandrial lamella small, fused to hypandrium, bearing 2 long bristles in apical part. Left surstylus with upper lobe largely divided; lower part with markedly developed narrow surstylar comb, upper part long, slender, fused with lower part basally. Right surstylus large, elongate oval, lacking spines. Cerci completely fused into one large lobe, which is subequal in size and similar in shape to right surstylus, lacking spines, ventral and marginal bristles. Phallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CAD32A66FFF72600FFFEFC550EE8E78E" box="[121,201,929,952]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="23.[115,159,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[283,1277,1188,2000]" captionTargetId="figure-500@23.[265,1304,1180,2017]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs. 73-75. Stilpon paradoxus, new species, male. 73, hypopygium, ventral view, 74, same, left lateral view, 75, phallus, dorsal view; hypd – hypandrium, rt epan lam – right epandrial lamella, rt sur – right surstylus, u lb – upper lobe of left surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081484/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
|
||
) elongate, straight, strongly sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="525736E3FFF72600FFF6FC150DFAE5EE" blockId="23.[113,752,993,1112]" lastBlockId="23.[813,1452,193,472]" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FFF6FC150EE0E7CE" box="[113,193,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. In most respects identical to male. Mid femur with 1 row of yellow ventral bristles becoming longer toward base of femur, longest bristle longer than femur is broad. Hind femur slender, with ordinary setation. Mid tibia lacking spinules. Hind tibia with short posterior apical comb. Halter with brownish knob. Abdomen lacking gland-like structures and with unmodified tergites 1-2. Terminalia shortened. Segment 8 normally sclerotized. Proximal margin of sternite 8 without 2 anteriorly directed rods. Apex of sternite 8 partially separated from base. Sternite 10 uniformly sclerotized, not fused with ventroapical margin of tergite 8. Cercus elongate oval, brownish yellow, clothed in setulae of different length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="525736E3FFF72600FCAAFDF50DA9E60E" blockId="23.[813,1451,513,568]" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FCAAFDF50DC6E62F" bold="true" box="[813,999,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">Measurements. –</emphasis>
|
||
Body length
|
||
<quantity id="95109B06FFF72600FBF4FDF50ACEE62E" box="[1139,1263,513,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5-1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wing length 1.2.-
|
||
<quantity id="95109B06FFF72600FCAAFDD50DA5E60E" box="[813,900,545,568]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFF7260FFCAAFD950A8DE522" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="525736E3FFF72600FCAAFD950A3EE6AE" blockId="23.[813,1451,609,664]" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FCAAFD950D9BE64F" bold="true" box="[813,954,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">Etymology. –</emphasis>
|
||
In reference to a unique set of characters which this species possesses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="525736E3FFF7260FFCAAFD350A8DE522" blockId="23.[813,1452,705,1112]" lastBlockId="24.[835,1475,192,276]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FCAAFD350AAFE6EF" bold="true" box="[813,1166,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">Phylogenetic relationships. –</emphasis>
|
||
The relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF72600FA11FD350D86E6CE" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FA11FD350D86E6CE" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">S. paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unresolved. In this species the female terminalia are shortened and, thus, it appears to be more closely related to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF72600FB9FFCD50A83E70E" box="[1048,1186,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Tachydromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminum">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FB9FFCD50A83E70E" box="[1048,1186,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">S. graminum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF72600FB5EFCD50B75E70E" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[1241,1364,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seeluang">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FB5EFCD50B75E70E" box="[1241,1364,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">S. seeluang</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF72600FCCEFCB50DF4E76E" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[841,981,833,856]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FCCEFCB50DF4E76E" box="[841,981,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">S. paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the upper lobe of the left surstylus is almost completely divided that could also support this conclusion. However, the phylogenetic value of such condition is not quite clear at present. It should be noted that within a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF72600FAA3FC550B8DE78E" box="[1316,1452,929,952]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Tachydromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminum">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FAA3FC550B8DE78E" box="[1316,1452,929,952]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">S. graminum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF72600FCC0FC350DEAE7EE" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[839,971,961,984]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seeluang">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FCC0FC350DEAE7EE" box="[839,971,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">S. seeluang</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade most of the known species have a completely divided upper lobe of the left surstylus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF72600FA10FC150D8FE02E" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinicercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FA10FC150D8FE02E" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">S. spinicercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF72600FC47FBF50A5DE02E" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[960,1148,1025,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monospinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FC47FBF50A5DE02E" box="[960,1148,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">S. monospinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF72600FB3BFBF50B6EE02E" box="[1212,1359,1025,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Tachydromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminum">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FB3BFBF50B6EE02E" box="[1212,1359,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">S. graminum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex and the entire
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF72600FBA7FBD50AB6E00E" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[1056,1175,1057,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seeluang">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FBA7FBD50AB6E00E" box="[1056,1175,1057,1080]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">S. seeluang</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group). Although, the upper lobe of the left surstylus is undivided in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF7260FFA10FBB50EF7E4EE" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="339" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF7260FFA10FBB50EF7E4EE" italics="true" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">S. nubilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF8260FFE15FF350C3BE4EE" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[402,538,193,216]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF8260FFE15FF350C3BE4EE" box="[402,538,193,216]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">S. paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the surstylar comb and the gland-like structures on the male abdomen. However, the first character is very homoplastic within the genus, whereas the second one is likely to be plesiomorphous. In the shape of the male hind femur (constricted and bent near middle) this species resembles some North American species, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF8260FFF31FE750FBBE5AE" authority="Melander" authorityName="Melander" authorityYear="1927" box="[182,410,385,408]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF8260FFF31FE750F0DE5AE" box="[182,300,385,408]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">S. curvipes</emphasis>
|
||
Melander
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF8260FFE47FE750C4EE5AE" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1862" box="[448,623,385,408]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF8260FFE47FE750C0AE5AE" box="[448,555,385,408]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">S. varipes</emphasis>
|
||
Loew
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cumming & Cooper, 1992). However, this appears to be due to the homoplastic nature of this character rather than an evidence of some direct relationships. Besides of the characters noted,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF8260FFF0FFDF50F32E62E" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[136,275,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF8260FFF0FFDF50F32E62E" box="[136,275,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">S. paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses a set of unique features, which place them aside of all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF8260FFE0BFDD50FF9E60E" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1859" box="[396,472,545,568]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF8260FFE0BFDD50FF9E60E" box="[396,472,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Stilpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. In this species the male abdominal segments 1-2 are greatly modified. Together they appear to form a special device of uncertain functional value. The male terminalia are also very peculiar. The cerci are completely fused into a large lobe, which is strictly similar in size and shape to the right surstylus. The right epandrial lamella is small and it is distinctly smaller than the left epandrial lamella (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF8260FFEE9FCF50C3CE72E" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" box="[366,541,769,792]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tachydromiinae">Tachydromiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
normally vise versa). The phallus is elongate, straight, thick and strongly sclerotized (elongate, hair-like and curved in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF8260FFDACFCB50C90E76E" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1965" box="[555,689,833,856]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergens">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF8260FFDACFCB50C90E76E" box="[555,689,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">S. divergens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, very short and rather weakly sclerotized in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF8260FFD74FC950ED6E7AE" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Tachydromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminum">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF8260FFD74FC950ED6E7AE" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">S. graminum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF8260FFEB5FC750F90E7AE" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[306,433,897,920]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seeluang">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF8260FFEB5FC750F90E7AE" box="[306,433,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">S. seeluang</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups). Unfortunately, at the present state of our knowledge of the genus, almost all these characters are usefulness for the discussion some relationships of this species. Some of them are insufficiently studied in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF8260FFCE9FF340DF2E4E1" baseAuthorityName="Chvala" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[878,979,192,215]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drapetini">Drapetini</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the whole (e.g., aedeagal complex). The phylogenetic value of others may be clarified when new undescribed species are discovered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="0697666BFFF72600FFF4F7FB0B5BEC77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081484" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10081484" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081484/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" startId="23.[115,159,2063,2084]" targetBox="[283,1277,1188,2000]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="525736E3FFF72600FFF4F7FB0B5BEC77" blockId="23.[115,1454,2063,2113]" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">
|
||
Figs. 73-75.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFF72600FF6BF7E40FBAEC13" authority="Shamshev & Grootaert, 2004" authorityName="Shamshev & Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[236,411,2064,2085]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF72600FF6BF7E40FBAEC13" box="[236,411,2064,2085]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="338">Stilpon paradoxus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7BAF578AFFF72600FE20F7FB0C3DEC12" box="[423,540,2063,2084]" pageId="23" pageNumber="338" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male. 73, hypopygium, ventral view, 74, same, left lateral view, 75, phallus, dorsal view; hypd – hypandrium, rt epan lam – right epandrial lamella, rt sur – right surstylus, u lb – upper lobe of left surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFF8260FFCC4FECF0DA6E599" pageId="24" pageNumber="339" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="525736E3FFF8260FFCC4FECF0DA6E599" blockId="24.[835,1475,315,431]" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFF8260FFCC4FECF0ADFE565" bold="true" box="[835,1278,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Distribution and seasonal occurrence. –</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2AFF7673FFF8260FFA81FECF0B49E564" box="[1286,1384,315,338]" name="Thailand" pageId="24" pageNumber="339">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Known from one locality only. Records are from the first decade of February to late May. Collected on riverbanks in gallery forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |