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<document id="F787ECB2E32C8AC3CC23CDD02B283A24" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.10081452" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-RefBankID="FF95FFB4FFB34905FFE32A54FFD7FFC1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10081452" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616095544137" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Shamshev, Igor V. &amp; Grootaert, Patrick" docDate="2004" docId="DA4187F5FFE32613FF69FD550DA6E70E" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.52.2.315-346.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 52 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F.5:RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleId="19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Stilpon monospinatus Shamshev &amp; Grootaert 2004, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="319" masterDocId="2678FF8DFFE02617FF87FFF40E21E436" masterDocTitle="A Review Of The Genus Stilpon Loew, 1859 (Empidoidea: Hybotidae) From The Oriental Region" masterLastPageNumber="346" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="318" updateTime="1700277527445" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="04ED14603A239E4999CA749794D8E2C7">A Review Of The Genus Stilpon Loew, 1859 (Empidoidea: Hybotidae) From The Oriental Region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4E072D5EBA93FDF985D965B202E513FE">Shamshev, Igor V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA3B22CDEBEE3A3365FC218808B274FA">Grootaert, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="00F28F2654CE4CAA5C18844D32162A1D">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BB46E0B099993D8C5943DB75BB21D645">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="DA4187F5FFE32613FF69FD550DA6E70E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA4187F5FFE32613FF69FD550DA6E70E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA4187F5FFE32613FF69FD550DA6E70E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">
<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFE32614FF69FD550C55E68E" box="[238,628,672,697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE32614FF69FD550C55E68E" blockId="3.[238,628,672,728]" box="[238,628,672,697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">
<heading id="091F818FFFE32614FF69FD550C55E68E" bold="true" box="[238,628,672,697]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFE32614FF69FD550FFEE68F" ID-CoL="52QKY" authority="Shamshev &amp; Grootaert, 2004" authorityName="Shamshev &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[238,479,673,697]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monospinatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE32614FF69FD550FFEE68F" bold="true" box="[238,479,673,697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Stilpon monospinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE32614FE68FD540C55E68E" bold="true" box="[495,628,672,696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7BAF578AFFE32614FE68FD540C55E68E" box="[495,628,672,696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFE32614FEFFFD350FCBE6EE" box="[376,490,705,728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" type="description">
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE32614FEFFFD350FCBE6EE" blockId="3.[238,628,672,728]" box="[376,490,705,728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">
(
<figureCitation id="CAD32A66FFE32614FE07FD350FC0E6EE" box="[384,481,705,728]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[113,157,2007,2028]" captionTargetBox="[155,1408,1095,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-378@3.[138,1431,1080,1989]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1-4. Stilpon monospinatus, new species, male. 1, mid leg, anterior view, 2, hypopygium, ventral view, 3, left surstylus, lateral view, 4, right surstylus, dorsal view; ap spn apical spine, cerc cerci, l lb lower lobe of left surstylus, lft epand lam left epandrial lamella, m lb medial lobe of left surstylus, rt epand lam right epandrial lamella, rt sur right surstylus, sur cm surstylar comb, u lb upper lobe of left surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081454/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Figs. 1-4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFE32614FFF6FCF30EF1E7E3" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE32614FFF6FCF30C3AE760" blockId="3.[113,752,775,854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE32614FFF6FCF30F67E72A" bold="true" box="[113,326,775,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Material examined. </emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="E2803CBEFFE32614FECBFCF30C3AE760" collectingDate="1996-04-06" collectionCode="RBINS" collectorName="P. Grootaert" country="Thailand" location="Phang-Nga province" municipality="Khao Sok" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="8D538841FFE32614FECBFCF30F84E72A" box="[332,421,775,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
- male,
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE32614FE71FCF30C56E72A" bold="true" box="[502,631,775,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">
<collectingCountry id="2AFF7673FFE32614FE71FCF30C56E72A" box="[502,631,775,796]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="57376038FFE32614FD03FCF30EE6E70F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA4187F5FFE32613FF69FD550DA6E70E:57376038FFE32614FD03FCF30EE6E70F" country="Thailand" municipality="Khao Sok" name="Phang-Nga province" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Phang-Nga province</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="B233AC99FFE32614FF56FCD00F15E70F" box="[209,308,804,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Khao Sok</collectingMunicipality>
, river banks in rain forest, sample n 96035,
<date id="26561023FFE32614FD63FCD00EEFE760" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" value="1996-04-06">
<collectingDate id="3612E9CBFFE32614FD63FCD00EEFE760" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" value="1996-04-06">6 Apr.1996</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="FF1D5335FFE32614FE8BFCB50FA2E760" box="[268,387,833,854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">P. Grootaert</collectorName>
(coll.
<collectionCode id="34F9AE26FFE32614FE42FCB50C31E760" box="[453,528,833,854]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" name="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" type="Museum">RBINS</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE32614FFF6FC8A0EF1E7E3" blockId="3.[113,753,894,981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">
<materialsCitation id="E2803CBEFFE32614FFF6FC8A0EEDE7E3" collectingDate="1996-04-07" collectionCode="RBINS" collectorName="Phang-Nga &amp; Khao Lak &amp; Nangtong &amp; P. Grootaert" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="8D538841FFE32614FFF6FC8A0EF8E7A3" box="[113,217,894,917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="44EEFD6AFFE32614FF76FC8A0F1BE7A3" box="[241,314,894,917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="FF1D5335FFE32614FEC3FC8A0F9EE7A3" box="[324,447,894,917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Phang-Nga</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="FF1D5335FFE32614FE4FFC8A0C12E7A3" box="[456,563,894,917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Khao Lak</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="FF1D5335FFE32614FDBAFC8A0C88E7A3" box="[573,681,894,917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Nangtong</collectorName>
, beach forest, sample n 96046,
<date id="26561023FFE32614FEFEFC6A0FD5E783" box="[377,500,926,949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" value="1996-04-07">
<collectingDate id="3612E9CBFFE32614FEFEFC6A0FD5E783" box="[377,500,926,949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" value="1996-04-07">7 Apr.1996</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="FF1D5335FFE32614FDB5FC6A0C92E783" box="[562,691,926,949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">P. Grootaert</collectorName>
(coll.
<collectionCode id="34F9AE26FFE32614FFF6FC4A0EE5E7E3" box="[113,196,958,981]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" name="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" type="Museum">RBINS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFE32614FFF6FC090AAFE522" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE32614FFF6FC090CD0E023" blockId="3.[113,753,1021,1045]" box="[113,753,1021,1045]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE32614FFF6FC090ED4E023" bold="true" box="[113,245,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Diagnosis. </emphasis>
Species with black thorax. Male: mid femur with
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE32614FCAAFF340AAFE522" blockId="3.[813,1452,192,276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">3-4 yellow ventral bristles in basal 1/3, abdominal gland-like structures lacking, left surstylus without surstylar comb, left cercus with 1 short apical spine.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFE32613FCAAFECF0DBFE5AE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" type="description">
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE32614FCAAFECF0B8DE598" blockId="3.[813,1452,315,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE32614FCAAFECF0A30E564" box="[813,1041,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE32614FCAAFECF0DEFE565" bold="true" box="[813,974,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Description. </emphasis>
Male
</emphasis>
. Head black in ground-colour, with minute ocellars and moderately long inner verticals. Antenna brownish yellow. Postpedicel nearly 2.0 times longer than wide. Style about 5 times longer than postpedicel. Palpus pale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE32614FCAAFE200D89E671" blockId="3.[813,1452,468,583]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Thorax black to dark brown. Scutum entirely tomentose. Postpronotal bristle long, inclinate. Dorsocentrals in multiple rows, complete posteriorly. Acrostichals 2-serial, complete posteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE32614FCAAFD990D8EE781" blockId="3.[813,1452,621,951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">
Legs yellow with colour pattern: fore tibia and fore tarsomere 1 entirely brownish yellow, hind femur brownish yellow in apical 1/2, mid femur with brownish tinge in apical part. Mid coxa with 2 brown bristles on outer side. Hind trochanter lacking spinules. Mid femur (
<figureCitation id="CAD32A66FFE32614FBE5FD1C0ABFE6C9" box="[1122,1182,744,767]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[113,157,2007,2028]" captionTargetBox="[155,1408,1095,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-378@3.[138,1431,1080,1989]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1-4. Stilpon monospinatus, new species, male. 1, mid leg, anterior view, 2, hypopygium, ventral view, 3, left surstylus, lateral view, 4, right surstylus, dorsal view; ap spn apical spine, cerc cerci, l lb lower lobe of left surstylus, lft epand lam left epandrial lamella, m lb medial lobe of left surstylus, rt epand lam right epandrial lamella, rt sur right surstylus, sur cm surstylar comb, u lb upper lobe of left surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081454/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) slender, with 3-4 yellow long bristles in basal 1/3. Hind femur (viewed laterally) more or less evenly thickened, with row of short (shorter than femur is wide) anterodorsal bristles and row of prominent short dorsal bristles. Fore tibia with 1 dark erect bristle in apical part. Mid tibia with pale ventral spinules. Hind tibia unmodified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE32613FCAAFC290F45E58E" blockId="3.[813,1452,989,1044]" lastBlockId="4.[136,775,193,440]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Wing normally developed, covered with uniform microtrichia; with pattern consisting of 2 brownish, large, elongate oval spots separated more or less distinctly by pale basal half of vein M; remainder parts finely infuscate. Costal vein with short setulae along anterior margin. Vein R2+3 about 2.5 times longer than Rs. Distance between apices of R2+3 and R4+5 1.5 times longer than distance between apices of R1 and R2+3. R4+5 and M slightly divergent and evenly arcuate in apical part. Halter with elongate, contrastingly black knob and pale stem.</paragraph>
<caption id="0697666BFFE32614FFF6F8230C25EC74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081454" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10081454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081454/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" startId="3.[113,157,2007,2028]" targetBox="[155,1408,1095,1971]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE32614FFF6F8230C25EC74" blockId="3.[113,1452,2007,2114]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">
Figs. 1-4.
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFE32614FF52F8230F84E3DA" authority="Shamshev &amp; Grootaert, 2004" authorityName="Shamshev &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" box="[213,421,2007,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monospinatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE32614FF52F8230F84E3DA" box="[213,421,2007,2028]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="318">Stilpon monospinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7BAF578AFFE32614FE35F8230C08E3DA" box="[434,553,2007,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="318" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male. 1, mid leg, anterior view, 2, hypopygium, ventral view, 3, left surstylus, lateral view, 4, right surstylus, dorsal view; ap spn apical spine, cerc cerci, l lb lower lobe of left surstylus, lft epand lam left epandrial lamella, m lb medial lobe of left surstylus, rt epand lam right epandrial lamella, rt sur right surstylus, sur cm surstylar comb, u lb upper lobe of left surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE42613FF0FFE150C44E66E" blockId="4.[136,775,481,600]" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">Abdomen largely dirty yellow, lacking gland-like structures, bearing mostly scattered dark setulae which are longer on pregenital segments, with all tergites (except segment 8) subequal in length, tergites 1-2 unmodified.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE42613FF0FFD750B05E4CE" blockId="4.[136,776,641,1016]" lastBlockId="4.[835,1474,193,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">
Hypopygium (
<figureCitation id="CAD32A66FFE42613FE98FD750F7CE6AE" box="[287,349,641,664]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[113,157,2007,2028]" captionTargetBox="[155,1408,1095,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-378@3.[138,1431,1080,1989]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1-4. Stilpon monospinatus, new species, male. 1, mid leg, anterior view, 2, hypopygium, ventral view, 3, left surstylus, lateral view, 4, right surstylus, dorsal view; ap spn apical spine, cerc cerci, l lb lower lobe of left surstylus, lft epand lam left epandrial lamella, m lb medial lobe of left surstylus, rt epand lam right epandrial lamella, rt sur right surstylus, sur cm surstylar comb, u lb upper lobe of left surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081454/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) brown. Hypandrium with 4 long bristles in apical part. Epandrium completely divided. Left epandrial lamella small, fused to hypandrium, with 1 short bristle in apical part. Left surstylus (
<figureCitation id="CAD32A66FFE42613FE2CFD150FCDE6CE" box="[427,492,737,760]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[113,157,2007,2028]" captionTargetBox="[155,1408,1095,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-378@3.[138,1431,1080,1989]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1-4. Stilpon monospinatus, new species, male. 1, mid leg, anterior view, 2, hypopygium, ventral view, 3, left surstylus, lateral view, 4, right surstylus, dorsal view; ap spn apical spine, cerc cerci, l lb lower lobe of left surstylus, lft epand lam left epandrial lamella, m lb medial lobe of left surstylus, rt epand lam right epandrial lamella, rt sur right surstylus, sur cm surstylar comb, u lb upper lobe of left surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081454/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) with upper lobe divided; lower part rather small, subrectangular, with surstylar comb greatly reduced, upper part elongate, slender, with short apical spine. Right surstylus (
<figureCitation id="CAD32A66FFE42613FEF8FCB50F9EE76E" box="[383,447,833,856]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[113,157,2007,2028]" captionTargetBox="[155,1408,1095,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-378@3.[138,1431,1080,1989]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 1-4. Stilpon monospinatus, new species, male. 1, mid leg, anterior view, 2, hypopygium, ventral view, 3, left surstylus, lateral view, 4, right surstylus, dorsal view; ap spn apical spine, cerc cerci, l lb lower lobe of left surstylus, lft epand lam left epandrial lamella, m lb medial lobe of left surstylus, rt epand lam right epandrial lamella, rt sur right surstylus, sur cm surstylar comb, u lb upper lobe of left surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081454/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) large, with excision on upper margin, bearing numerous marginal bristles, lacking spines. Left cercus unbranched, narrow, elongate, somewhat broadened in apical part, with 1 short spine at apex, lacking long bristles in basal part. Right cercus unbranched, nearly as long as but almost 2 times broader than left cercus in middle part, more or less rounded at apex, lacking spines, with some short bristles on right margin. Phallus short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE42613FCC4FED50A32E50E" blockId="4.[835,1043,289,312]" box="[835,1043,289,312]" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE42613FCC4FED50DB2E50E" box="[835,915,289,312]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">Female</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE42613FCC4FE950DBFE5AE" blockId="4.[835,1474,353,408]" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE42613FCC4FE950DDFE54F" bold="true" box="[835,1022,353,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">Measurements. </emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="95109B06FFE42613FB0AFE950B2BE54E" box="[1165,1290,353,376]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="319" unit="mm" value="1.5499999999999998" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.4">1.4-1.7 mm</quantity>
, wing length
<quantity id="95109B06FFE42613FA1FFE950DBBE5AE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="319" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9- 1.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFE42613FCC4FE350AECE6AE" pageId="4" pageNumber="319" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE42613FCC4FE350AA4E5CE" blockId="4.[835,1474,449,504]" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE42613FCC4FE350DF4E5EF" bold="true" box="[835,981,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">Etymology. </emphasis>
The name of this species refers to the single spine on the male left cercus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE42613FCC4FDD50AECE6AE" blockId="4.[835,1474,545,664]" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE42613FCC4FDD50A84E60F" bold="true" box="[835,1189,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">Phylogenetic relationships. </emphasis>
The relationships of
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFE42613FA2AFDD50DFBE66E" authorityName="Shamshev &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monospinatus">
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE42613FA2AFDD50DFBE66E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">S. monospinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unclear beyond inclusion within the
<taxonomicName id="95E84D60FFE42613FA29FDB50D90E64E" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Tachydromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="319" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminum">
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE42613FA29FDB50D90E64E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">S. graminum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, primarily due to the presence of an apical spine on the male left cercus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1AF26568FFE42613FCC4FD350DA6E70E" pageId="4" pageNumber="319" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="525736E3FFE42613FCC4FD350DA6E70E" blockId="4.[835,1475,705,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">
<emphasis id="609CEAF1FFE42613FCC4FD350ADFE6EF" bold="true" box="[835,1278,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">Distribution and seasonal occurrence. </emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="2AFF7673FFE42613FA81FD350B49E6EE" box="[1286,1384,705,728]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="319">Thailand</collectingCountry>
. Known from two localities of Phang-Nga Province. All records are from April. Collected on river banks in rain forest and in beach forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>