treatments-xml/data/03/FB/87/03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D.xml

<document id="9ED3BF98BCFD1933726F0A2210EE5C22" ID-CLB-Dataset="3001" ID-DOI="10.15553/c2012v672a10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f7f40d91-4335-461c-b72b-75f298ce9f13" ID-ISSN="2235-3658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5773147" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1637611522362" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Stauffer, Fred W. &amp; Balslev, Henrik" docDate="2012" docId="03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D" docLanguage="en" docName="Candollea.67.2.285-291.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Candollea 67 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FB35ED2BCB231A5F446DBDA23BDBADFC.2:Candollea.2012-2014.journal_article" docStyleId="FB35ED2BCB231A5F446DBDA23BDBADFC" docStyleName="Candollea.2012-2014.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Socratea karstenii F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev 2012, spec. nova" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="290" masterDocId="FFC2FFC98A2BFFC1FFC6B3522207FFB6" masterDocTitle="Socratea karstenii F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev (Arecaceae), a new species from Venezuela" masterLastPageNumber="291" masterPageNumber="285" pageNumber="286" updateTime="1699469235082" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="0E498F293650E8B3D16B193587232837" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C1EFD36BF1DBD31FE15985F0D9944E0A">
<mods:title id="1034C40F0F9A3C6FB7B446A88A5FCAC8">Socratea karstenii F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev (Arecaceae), a new species from Venezuela</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="1E7B648BBD7B41DC08550B814CF70474" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AE8410D1F487B3930907C47A5536DAA1">
<mods:roleTerm id="F78698696A2CE807EC7A69B56373FE93">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="04DFA6E1D4753449CCB0986B87826AD1">Stauffer, Fred W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="92BE799BE8451805FF57AC5620E20975">Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Laboratoire universitaire de Systématique végétale et Biodiversité, CP 60, CH- 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="672A0C5E88EE9723F8977A6B767877BD" type="email">fred.stauffer@villege.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B43BF74078A3CE1F1352B7465C975CAA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="268631C479AE8993CFE760A6C442F7BF">
<mods:roleTerm id="E0EED042386C8C945CDF36B7BAD86418">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CD7399F986673CD387256F30559F8B78">Balslev, Henrik</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="58B00763671E9EA081AB517440E2EC07">Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Building 1540, Ny Munkegade 114 - 116, DK- 8000 Aarhus C., Denmark</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E40ED1A22F4EE6484EA258342E8822D2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="F8F8BD237FD26771F6A0CA4A2C6EA45B" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8D7EB2D435655655245779C7FED52BB8">
<mods:title id="793B8C7A7ED7A21A2DCD7D77F7BA300F">Candollea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8F7D32172B932A9F0E1D464267EB1F84">
<mods:date id="B1E3C763EC7DB771553B673AB31A35D1">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="950AB1BFB17960CD9D52C43A4468841F" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="DEF4303D86358EE3A79CA06B1D0226E5">2012-12-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="BD3D189051084EB4DCDE33077ADCB5D5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0F530D019EE97F428FE3FE3321A5B12C">67</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C73E28C437E744FA0A9A20DB247C0EDC" type="issue">
<mods:number id="31AEB14A8F9F447C20BF41CBAB05116D">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="6C61D45C45906131BD1F7F7C10DF4192" unit="page">
<mods:start id="700DDC32D15A1F53A0F9055CEA9BBAC6">285</mods:start>
<mods:end id="B9688BC42739545E56F6847DEFBEFA6E">291</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="CAFF8703994A83FD2DBDD2E9856E085A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="77E4C3CF7A7D22FBE82D621DA9B91EA2" type="CLB-Dataset">3001</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="257501BC102FFCC0B3B612524BBFEE2D" type="DOI">10.15553/c2012v672a10</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F8C030092FCD2369DF5125AEB1193C74" type="GBIF-Dataset">f7f40d91-4335-461c-b72b-75f298ce9f13</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="323C7A677E11257FC023BB6A6533DE38" type="ISSN">2235-3658</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D0EB6E57A5A1BFD92AC9489953A2024C" type="Zenodo-Dep">5773147</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5776433" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191503567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5776433" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<subSubSection id="C348652C8A2AFFC0FFA1B0952098FBFE" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2AFFC0FFA1B09520F5FC69" blockId="1.[103,754,967,991]" box="[103,754,967,991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<heading id="D0A581CB8A2AFFC0FFA1B09520F5FC69" box="[103,754,967,991]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2AFFC0FFA1B0952026FC69" ID-CoL="4XYSW" authority="F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev" authorityName="F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev" authorityYear="2012" box="[103,545,967,991]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FFA1B0952322FC69" bold="true" box="[103,293,967,991]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Socrateakarstenii</emphasis>
F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FDECB095209DFC69" bold="true" box="[554,666,967,991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557CE8A2AFFC0FDECB095209DFC69" box="[554,666,967,991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" rank="species">spec. nova</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13692A228A2AFFC0FD61B09520E5FC69" box="[679,738,967,991]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[118,143,1873,1893]" captionTargetBox="[118,1493,280,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[302,1310,331,1804]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. – Socratea karstenii F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev. A. Habitat of the species in the cloud forest of the Henri Pittier National Park (Aragua state); B. Habit of the palm growing at the Cerro La Chapa (Yaracuy State); C. Well-developed stilt root cone of the palm; D. Young infructescence; E. Early developing fruits. [Photo: A, C-E: F. W. Stauffer; B: W. Meier]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5773149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5773149/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2AFFC0FF4AB0BD2098FBFE" blockId="1.[140,752,1007,1096]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CFA8A2AFFC0FF4AB0BD202DFBFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3417674301" collectingDate="1970-08-27" collectionCode="VEN" collectorName="Moore" country="Venezuela" county="Km" location="Rancho Grande" municipality="Paso Portachuelo" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Aragua" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FF4AB0BD23DCFBB1" bold="true" box="[140,475,1007,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
Typus: 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A2AFFC0FF23B0BD236EFBB3" box="[229,361,1007,1031]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A2AFFC0FEBEB0BD23D1FBB1" box="[376,470,1007,1031]" country="Venezuela" name="Aragua" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Aragua</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
3-7 Km below 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89ACDD8A2AFFC0FD40B0BD22EDFB91" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Paso Portachuelo</collectingMunicipality>
, on road to coast from 
<location id="8E8D607C8A2AFFC0FE24B75D208AFB91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D:8E8D607C8A2AFFC0FE24B75D208AFB91" box="[482,653,1039,1063]" country="Venezuela" county="Km" municipality="Paso Portachuelo" name="Rancho Grande" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Aragua">Rancho Grande</location>
, 
<date id="FFEC10678A2AFFC0FD5EB75D22C3FBFE" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="1970-08-27">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E98F8A2AFFC0FD5EB75D22C3FBFE" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="1970-08-27">27.VIII. 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FF09B7622389FBFE" box="[207,398,1072,1096]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<collectorName id="26A753718A2AFFC0FF09B7622312FBFE" box="[207,277,1072,1096]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Moore</collectorName>
&amp; al. 9845
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54E988058A2AFFC0FE5BB76223DDFBFE" box="[413,474,1072,1096]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="holotype">holo-</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2AFFC0FE23B7622021FBFE" box="[485,550,1072,1096]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" name="Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="Herbarium">VEN</collectionCode>
!
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CFA8A2AFFC0FDF2B7622098FBFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3417674303" box="[564,671,1072,1096]" collectingDate="1970-08-27" collectionCode="BH" collectorName="Moore" country="Venezuela" county="Km" location="Rancho Grande" municipality="Paso Portachuelo" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Aragua" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="54E988058A2AFFC0FDF2B7622067FBFE" box="[564,608,1072,1096]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="isotype">iso-</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2AFFC0FDACB7622094FBFE" box="[618,659,1072,1096]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15518" name="L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="Herbarium">BH</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C348652C8A2AFFC4FF4AB70A2367F98D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2AFFC0FF4AB70A233DFAE5" blockId="1.[140,756,1112,1363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FF4AB70A233DFAE5" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2AFFC0FF4AB70A2353FBC6" box="[140,340,1112,1136]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">Socratea karstenii</taxonomicName>
simillima est S. montanae, sed differt radicibus supraterraneisbrevioribus (1.5-2.3 mlongis), conum densum, formantibus; petiolis supracanaliculatis; numeromaiorepinnarum (26-31 utrinque); prophyllisbrevioribus (
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FF29B78B2343FB47" box="[239,324,1241,1265]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5-10 cm</quantity>
longis); rachidibus floralibus longioribus (
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FF52B7A822FDFAA4" box="[148,250,1274,1298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="41.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="40.0">40-42 cm</quantity>
longis),numeromaiorerachillarum floralium (20-25),numerominorestaminorum (43-47); fructibus rostro inconspicuo.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2AFFC0FF4AB6312779FBC4" blockId="1.[103,754,1379,1955]" lastBlockId="1.[828,1482,280,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FF4AB6312375FACD" box="[140,370,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Description. – Trunk</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FEBFB63123D2FACD" box="[377,469,1379,1403]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="m" value="15.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="13.0">13-18 m</quantity>
high, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FDDDB6312084FACD" box="[539,643,1379,1403]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="21.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="18.0">18-24 cm</quantity>
diameter, pale brown to gray, cylindrical; internodes 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FDEFB6D1208AFA2D" box="[553,653,1411,1435]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12-15 cm</quantity>
long; the trunk with a dense basal cone of 30-35 aerial roots, each 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FD01B6F622A4FA6A" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="m" value="1.9" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.5">1.5- 2.3 m</quantity>
high, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FF23B6962328FA6A" box="[229,303,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8-9 cm</quantity>
diameter, covered by acute protruberances to 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FF44B6B722CBFA4B" box="[130,204,1509,1533]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FEC9B6B7235EFA4B" box="[271,345,1509,1533]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Leaves</emphasis>
6-8; sheath 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FE26B6B72040FA4B" box="[480,583,1509,1533]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="m" value="1.9" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.7">1.7-2.1 m</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FD4DB6B720F6FA4B" box="[651,753,1509,1533]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="57.5" valueMax="58.0" valueMin="57.0">57-58 cm</quantity>
wide, gray-green, slightly waxy; petiole (10-)20-23(-40) cm long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FF62B57422F5F988" box="[164,242,1574,1598]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6-7 cm</quantity>
, slightly channelled adaxially; rachis 2.10-2.95 (-3.5) m long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FEC7B5142332F9E8" box="[257,309,1606,1630]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
wide, glabrous to brown-lepidote, prominently keeled adaxially; pinnae 26-31 on each side, arranged in up to 10 different planes, longitudinally divided, pale green adaxially, gray-green abaxially, waxy, slightly arched, with praemorse apex; basal pinnae 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FE27B59A2062F956" box="[481,613,1736,1760]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="m" value="0.95" valueMax="1.05" valueMin="0.85">0.85-1.05 m</quantity>
, divided into 4-5 segments, each 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FEFBB5BA238EF8B6" box="[317,393,1768,1792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1-4 cm</quantity>
wide; middle pinnae 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FDB1B5BA20E9F8B6" box="[631,750,1768,1792]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.15" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="m" value="1.025" valueMax="1.15" valueMin="0.9">0.9-1.15 m</quantity>
long, divided into 7-8 segments, each 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FE33B45B2054F897" box="[501,595,1801,1825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="3.4" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.8">1.8-5 cm</quantity>
wide; sub-apical pinnae 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FF1CB47B2347F8F7" box="[218,320,1833,1857]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="37.0" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="30.0">30-44 cm</quantity>
long, divided into 2-4 segments, each 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FD1DB47B229BF8D4" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1- 2 cm</quantity>
wide, apical flabellum c. 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FE73B41823FFF8D4" box="[437,504,1866,1890]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
long; veins prominent abaxially, green-yellow. 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FEAEB43823F2F834" box="[360,501,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Inflorescence</emphasis>
infrafoliar, erect in bud, pendulous at anthesis, immediately below the crownshaft; peduncle 30-32(-35) cm long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FB4DB24A26D0FE86" box="[1163,1239,280,304]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5-6 cm</quantity>
wide, dorsi-ventrally compressed, dark green, with a brown-pinkish indumentum; prophyll 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FC67B20B21FCFEC7" box="[929,1019,345,369]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5-10 cm</quantity>
long, tubular, laterally keeled, with same indumentum as peduncle, chartaceous, inserted at the base of the peduncle, peduncular bracts 3, usually persistent, with same indumentum as prophyll; first bract 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FB76B2EB2702FE67" box="[1200,1285,441,465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="9.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="7.0">7-12 cm</quantity>
long; second bract 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FCFAB28B21A2FE47" box="[828,933,473,497]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25-30 cm</quantity>
long; third bract c. 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FB45B28B26CBFE47" box="[1155,1228,473,497]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="80.0">80 cm</quantity>
; floral rachis (30-) 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FA5DB28B217AFDA7" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="41.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="40.0">40- 42 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FC06B2AB260EFDA7" box="[960,1033,505,529]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2-5 cm</quantity>
wide; rachillae (16-)20-25, green-yellow; basal rachillae (66-) 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FBE2B14B2693FD87" box="[1060,1172,537,561]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.45" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="8.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="84.5" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="84.0">84-85 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FB23B14B274BFD87" box="[1253,1356,537,561]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5-2 cm</quantity>
diameter; middle rachillae 70-75(-87) cm long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FB0AB16B272CFDE7" box="[1228,1323,569,593]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1-1.5 cm</quantity>
diameter; apical rachillae 49-50(-78) cm long, 0.8-1(-1.5) cm diameter. 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FCFAB12B2194FD27" box="[828,915,633,657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Flowers</emphasis>
spirally arranged in triads, inserted in pits; staminate flowers 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FC55B1CB2601FD07" box="[915,1030,665,689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.3">1.3-1.4 cm</quantity>
long, yellow-cream; sepals oblong, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FA4FB1CB27C1FD07" box="[1417,1478,665,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FCBCB1EB21C8FD67" box="[890,975,697,721]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3-4 mm</quantity>
wide; petals obovate-oblong, 1.2-1.3(-1.5) cm long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FCBCB18B21E8FD47" box="[890,1007,729,753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8-0.9 cm</quantity>
wide; stamens (38-)43-47(-65), up to 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FA49B18B27C2FD47" box="[1423,1477,729,753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
long; filaments 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FC27B1AB2619FCA7" box="[993,1054,761,785]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FBA6B1AB26B7FCA7" box="[1120,1200,761,785]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
diameter; anthers 6-8(-10) mm long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FC6EB04B2609FC87" box="[936,1038,793,817]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1-1.5 mm</quantity>
wide; pistillode 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FB79B04B26FBFC87" box="[1215,1276,793,817]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long x 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FA8AB04B278FFC87" box="[1356,1416,793,817]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide, trilobate; pistillate flowers 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FB98B06B26B6FCE7" box="[1118,1201,825,849]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6-7 mm</quantity>
long, green; sepals ovate, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FCFAB00B21A1FCC7" box="[828,934,857,881]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="5.0">5-5.5 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FC2CB00B2638FCC7" box="[1002,1087,857,881]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6-7 mm</quantity>
wide, margins slightly ciliate to the apex; petals ovate-oblong, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FBA6B02B2698FC27" box="[1120,1183,889,913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FB24B02B274CFC27" box="[1250,1355,889,913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5-5 mm</quantity>
wide, margins poorly ciliate; ovary globose-ovoid, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FB35B0C82741FC04" box="[1267,1350,922,946]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6-7 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FA4FB0C827C1FC04" box="[1417,1478,922,946]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
diameter, style shortly developed; stigma trilobate, papillose; staminodial tube inconspicuous. 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FB5EB08826DEFC44" box="[1176,1241,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fruits</emphasis>
oblong-ovoid, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FABAB08827C0FC44" box="[1404,1479,986,1010]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2-3 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FCBBB0A821E7FBA4" box="[893,992,1018,1042]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="cm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.7">1.7-2 cm</quantity>
diameter, pale green in development, light brown when ripe; small apical rostrum; mesocarp fibrous; seeds oblong; endosperm homogeneous; apical embryo. 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FCFAB7082188FBC4" box="[828,911,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Eophyll</emphasis>
entire-bifid, with irregularly lacerate margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2AFFC0FCA4B7D321E2F9CD" blockId="1.[828,1482,280,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FCA4B7D32750FB2F" box="[866,1367,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
Habitat and distribution. – 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2AFFC0FB49B7D32750FB2F" box="[1167,1367,1153,1177]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">Socratea karstenii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is distributed in northern 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A2AFFC0FC37B7F02663FB0C" box="[1009,1124,1186,1210]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, in the states 
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A2AFFC0FB30B7F0274EFB0C" box="[1270,1353,1186,1210]" country="Venezuela" name="Aragua" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Aragua</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A2AFFC0FA92B7F027C7FB0C" box="[1364,1472,1186,1210]" country="Venezuela" name="Carabobo" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Carabobo</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A2AFFC0FCFAB790218CFB6C" box="[828,907,1218,1242]" country="Venezuela" name="Trujillo" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Trujillo</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A2AFFC0FC06B790261DFB6C" box="[960,1050,1218,1242]" country="Venezuela" name="Yaracuy" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Yaracuy</collectingRegion>
. It grows in very humid cloud forests on steep slopes in the Coastal Cordillera and on the western slope of the eastern Andean Cordillera of 
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A2AFFC0FB04B6502717FAAC" box="[1218,1296,1282,1306]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Mérida</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="13692A228A2AFFC0FAD9B6502766FAAC" box="[1311,1377,1282,1306]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[103,129,1208,1228]" captionTargetBox="[103,1478,280,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-434@3.[158,1423,286,1186]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. – Map of distribution of Socratea exorrhiza H. Wendl., S. hecatonandra (Dugand) R. Bernal, S. karstenii F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev, S. montana R. Bernal &amp; A. J. Hend., S. rostrata Burret, S. salazarii H. E. Moore, based on HENDERSON (1990)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5773151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5773151/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), usually between 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FC5CB67021ECFA8C" box="[922,1003,1314,1338]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FBDBB6702677FA8C" box="[1053,1136,1314,1338]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="m" value="1650.0">1650 m</quantity>
. Occasionally it reaches down to the ecotone between the cloud forest and the evergreen forest at 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2AFFC0FC90B630219EFACC" box="[854,921,1378,1402]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
altitude. In the Rancho Grande cloud forest the palm flowers during the first three months of the year, normally corresponding with the driest season in the cloud forest; fruiting was observed in the first half of the year; bees 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FAE6B69027C0FA6C" box="[1312,1479,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">(Trigonidae sp.)</emphasis>
were observed visiting the inflorescences at anthesis (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2AFFC0FAA6B6B02172F9AD" author="STAUFFER" firstAuthor="STAUFFER" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" refId="ref4438" refString="STAUFFER, F. W. (1994). Estudiotaxonomico de las palmas (Are-" type="book" year="1994">STAUFFER, 1994</bibRefCitation>
) and may be regarded as potential pollinators of the species. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2AFFC0FC5FB571262DF98D" author="SERES" box="[921,1066,1571,1595]" firstAuthor="SERES" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" refId="ref4366" refString="SERES, A. (1991). Biologiareproductiva de algunas monocotiledoneas del bosque nublado de Rancho Grande. Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Estado Aragua. Tesis de grado. Facultad de Ciencias, UCV. Caracas." type="book" year="1991">SERES (1991)</bibRefCitation>
counted 3961 male flowers and 1508 female flowers in one inflorescence of this palm collected in the same forest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2AFFC2FCA4B5D82000F98D" blockId="1.[828,1482,280,1955]" lastBlockId="3.[103,758,1315,1595]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FCA4B5D82651F914" box="[866,1110,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Taxonomical affinities.</emphasis>
– The Venezuelan palm resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2AFFC0FCFAB5F821FDF974" box="[828,1018,1706,1730]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FCFAB5F821FDF974" box="[828,1018,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Socratea montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its similar ecological conditions, elevated number of stamens and the thickness of rachillae; this species grows five hundred kilometers away in the western Andean Cordillera in 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A2AFFC0FC0DB4592633F895" box="[971,1076,1803,1827]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and also on the western slopes of the Andes at the border between 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A2AFFC0FBB2B47926CAF8F5" box="[1140,1229,1835,1859]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A2AFFC0FAC6B479276EF8F5" box="[1280,1385,1835,1859]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13692A228A2AFFC0FABEB47927BDF8F5" box="[1400,1466,1835,1859]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[103,129,1208,1228]" captionTargetBox="[103,1478,280,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-434@3.[158,1423,286,1186]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. – Map of distribution of Socratea exorrhiza H. Wendl., S. hecatonandra (Dugand) R. Bernal, S. karstenii F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev, S. montana R. Bernal &amp; A. J. Hend., S. rostrata Burret, S. salazarii H. E. Moore, based on HENDERSON (1990)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5773151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5773151/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The study of selected specimens from the latter (
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FA88B41921B6F835" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Galeano &amp; Bernal 489</emphasis>
(K); 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FC2DB43926DCF835" box="[1003,1243,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Bernal &amp; Galeano 631</emphasis>
(NY), isotype; 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FAB9B43921E4F815" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Bernal &amp; Galeano 633</emphasis>
(NY), 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC0FBF7B4D92720F815" box="[1073,1319,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Bernal &amp; Galeano 913</emphasis>
(NY); 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2AFFC2FABEB4D922DFFA8D" italics="true" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Lozano &amp; al. 4901</emphasis>
(NY); 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FEE3B67123FFFA8D" box="[293,504,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Balslev &amp; al. 62090</emphasis>
(AAU, NY), 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FD4EB67122C1FAED" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Balslev &amp; al. 62098</emphasis>
(AAU, NY), and 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FEBFB6112073FAED" box="[377,628,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Henderson &amp;Bernal 150</emphasis>
(NY)), provides some characters that clearly differentiate these two taxa as well as the widespread 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FE9CB6D123DEFA2D" box="[346,473,1411,1435]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exorrhiza">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FE9CB6D123DEFA2D" box="[346,473,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">S. exorrhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6D0031C8A28FFC2FE23B6D12033FA2D" box="[485,564,1411,1435]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[113,156,259,279]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. – Characters to differentiate Socratea karstenii F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev from S. montana R. Bernal &amp; A. J. Hend., and S. exorrhiza H. Wendl." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2D662F8A2FFFC5FFB7B2512748FEA1" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" tableUuid="DF2D662F8A2FFFC5FFB7B2512748FEA1">Table 1</tableCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13692A228A28FFC2FD87B6D12086FA2D" box="[577,641,1411,1435]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[103,129,1208,1228]" captionTargetBox="[103,1478,280,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-434@3.[158,1423,286,1186]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. – Map of distribution of Socratea exorrhiza H. Wendl., S. hecatonandra (Dugand) R. Bernal, S. karstenii F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev, S. montana R. Bernal &amp; A. J. Hend., S. rostrata Burret, S. salazarii H. E. Moore, based on HENDERSON (1990)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5773151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5773151/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FD52B6D122C7FA0D" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FD52B6D122C7FA0D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Socratea karstenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also strikingly similar in habit to 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FDE8B6F1209FFA0D" box="[558,664,1443,1467]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FDE8B6F1209FFA0D" box="[558,664,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">S. rostrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the eastern slopes of the Andes in 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A28FFC2FE63B69123FBFA6D" box="[421,508,1475,1499]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and southern 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A28FFC2FD48B69120F3FA6D" box="[654,756,1475,1499]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13692A228A28FFC2FFA8B6B122A8FA4D" box="[110,175,1507,1531]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[103,129,1208,1228]" captionTargetBox="[103,1478,280,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-434@3.[158,1423,286,1186]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. – Map of distribution of Socratea exorrhiza H. Wendl., S. hecatonandra (Dugand) R. Bernal, S. karstenii F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev, S. montana R. Bernal &amp; A. J. Hend., S. rostrata Burret, S. salazarii H. E. Moore, based on HENDERSON (1990)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5773151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5773151/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FF04B6B1208BFA4D" authority="(Dugand) R. Bernal" authorityName="R. Bernal" baseAuthorityName="Dugand" box="[194,652,1507,1531]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hecatonandra">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FF04B6B123B1FA4D" box="[194,438,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Socratea hecatonandra</emphasis>
(Dugand) R. Bernal
</taxonomicName>
is clearly distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FF29B5512365F9AD" box="[239,354,1539,1563]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FF29B5512365F9AD" box="[239,354,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">S. karstenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is restricted to the 
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A28FFC2FD88B55120DFF9AD" box="[590,728,1539,1563]" country="Colombia" name="Choco" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Chocó region</collectingRegion>
of western 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A28FFC2FF7BB5712324F98D" box="[189,291,1571,1595]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A28FFC2FE90B57123ABF98D" box="[342,428,1571,1595]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13692A228A28FFC2FE7CB57123FEF98D" box="[442,505,1571,1595]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[103,129,1208,1228]" captionTargetBox="[103,1478,280,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-434@3.[158,1423,286,1186]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. – Map of distribution of Socratea exorrhiza H. Wendl., S. hecatonandra (Dugand) R. Bernal, S. karstenii F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev, S. montana R. Bernal &amp; A. J. Hend., S. rostrata Burret, S. salazarii H. E. Moore, based on HENDERSON (1990)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5773151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5773151/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2D662F8A29FFC3FFB0B40323C9F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5773149" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5773149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5773149/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" startId="2.[118,143,1873,1893]" targetBox="[118,1493,280,1856]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A29FFC3FFB0B403268BF8C8" blockId="2.[118,1494,1873,1951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A29FFC3FFB0B40322B4F8D3" bold="true" box="[118,179,1873,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 1. –</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A29FFC3FF7FB403205CF8D3" authority="F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev. A. Habitat" box="[185,603,1873,1893]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
Socratea karstenii F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev. 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A29FFC3FDCDB403201AF8D3" bold="true" box="[523,541,1873,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">A.</emphasis>
Habitat
</taxonomicName>
of the species in the cloud forest of the Henri Pittier National Park (Aragua state); 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A29FFC3FB18B40326E9F8D3" bold="true" box="[1246,1262,1873,1893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">B.</emphasis>
Habit of the palm growing at the Cerro La Chapa (Yaracuy State); 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A29FFC3FE5EB43823AEF8C8" bold="true" box="[408,425,1898,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">C.</emphasis>
Well-developed stilt root cone of the palm; 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A29FFC3FD38B4382117F8C8" bold="true" box="[766,784,1898,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">D.</emphasis>
Young infructescence; 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A29FFC3FC02B43821D4F8C8" bold="true" box="[964,979,1898,1918]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">E.</emphasis>
Early developing fruits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A29FFC3FFB0B4D923C9F829" blockId="2.[118,1494,1873,1951]" box="[118,462,1931,1951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
[Photo: 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A29FFC3FF72B4D922EBF829" bold="true" box="[180,236,1931,1951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">A, C-E:</emphasis>
F. W. Stauffer; 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A29FFC3FEA1B4D9237EF829" bold="true" box="[359,377,1931,1951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">B:</emphasis>
W. Meier]
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2D662F8A28FFC2FFA1B7EA20A3FB53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5773151" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5773151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5773151/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" startId="3.[103,129,1208,1228]" targetBox="[103,1478,280,1191]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A28FFC2FFA1B7EA20A3FB53" blockId="3.[103,1480,1207,1253]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FFA1B7EA22A0FB7A" bold="true" box="[103,167,1208,1228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Fig. 2. –</emphasis>
Map of distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FE98B7E52054FB7A" authority="H. Wendl." authorityName="H. Wendl." box="[350,595,1207,1228]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exorrhiza">Socratea exorrhiza H. Wendl.</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FD9FB7E5217AFB7A" authority="(Dugand) R. Bernal" authorityName="R. Bernal" baseAuthorityName="Dugand" box="[601,893,1207,1228]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hecatonandra">S. hecatonandra (Dugand) R. Bernal</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FC43B7E5269CFB7A" authority="F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev" authorityName="F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev" box="[901,1179,1207,1228]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">S. karstenii F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FB61B7E527C2FB7A" authority="R. Bernal &amp; A. J. Hend." authorityName="R. Bernal &amp; A. J. Hend." box="[1191,1477,1207,1228]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">S. montana R. Bernal &amp; A. J. Hend.</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FFA1B78322E9FB53" authority="Burret" authorityName="Burret" box="[103,238,1233,1253]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rostrata">S. rostrata Burret</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FF33B78323B0FB53" authority="H. E. Moore" authorityName="H. E. Moore" box="[245,439,1233,1253]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salazarii">S. salazarii H. E. Moore</taxonomicName>
, based on 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A28FFC2FDCBB78320A7FB53" author="HENDERSON" box="[525,672,1233,1253]" firstAuthor="HENDERSON" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" refId="ref4194" refString="HENDERSON, A. (1990). Arecaceae. Part I. Introduction and the Iriarteinae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 53." type="book" year="1990">HENDERSON (1990)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A28FFC2FF4BB51926B8F98D" blockId="3.[103,755,1611,1955]" lastBlockId="3.[828,1481,1315,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FF4BB5192033F9D5" box="[141,564,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
Taxonomichistory. – 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FEB7B5192033F9D5" box="[369,564,1611,1635]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">Socratea karstenii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was collected for the first time near Puerto Cabello in the Coastal Cordillera of 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A28FFC2FFA1B5D922D0F915" box="[103,215,1675,1699]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
by the German botanist Hermann Karsten (1817- 1908), who travelled in South America between 1844 and 1856. The palm grows mixed with 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FE18B5992379F8B5" authority="(H. Karst.) H. Wendl. Karsten" authorityName="H. Wendl. Karsten" baseAuthorityName="H. Karst." class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Dictyocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FE18B59920CFF955" box="[478,712,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Dictyocaryum fuscum</emphasis>
(H. Karst.) H. Wendl. Karsten
</taxonomicName>
collected material of both species, as evidenced by his plate (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A28FFC2FEB1B459201BF895" author="KARSTEN" box="[375,540,1803,1827]" firstAuthor="KARSTEN" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" refId="ref4331" refString="KARSTEN, H. (1861). Fl. Columbiae 1. Berlin." type="book" year="1861">KARSTEN, 1861</bibRefCitation>
: plate LIV) in which figures 1-8 clearly illustrate 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FE4AB47923F1F8F5" box="[396,502,1835,1859]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Dictyocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FE4AB47923F1F8F5" box="[396,502,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">D. fuscum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while figures 9, 10, 11, and 12 show a fruit with an ovoid seed in which the embryo is embedded apically in the endosperm. These features of the seed clearly indicate that it belongs to the genus 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FDA7B4D920C3F815" box="[609,708,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FDA7B4D920C6F815" box="[609,705,1931,1955]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Socratea</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and not to 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FCB8B6712683FA8D" authority="H. Wendl." authorityName="H. Wendl." box="[894,1156,1315,1339]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Dictyocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FCB8B6712616FA8D" box="[894,1041,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Dictyocaryum</emphasis>
H. Wendl.
</taxonomicName>
, which has a globose seed with a basal embryo. If we assume that the seeds were collected at the same place as the other plant material shown on the plate (and collectively identified as a single species by the author), these seeds must belong to 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FB91B6F1271CFA0D" box="[1111,1307,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FB91B6F12710FA0D" box="[1111,1303,1443,1467]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">Socratea karstenii</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the only species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FC9BB69121C7FA6D" box="[861,960,1475,1499]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FC9BB69121C7FA6D" box="[861,960,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Socratea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
growing at that locality. The plant illustrated by Karsten in his plate LIV was named 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FB3DB6B127B8FA4D" authority="H. Karst." authorityName="H. Karst." box="[1275,1471,1507,1531]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FB3DB6B12756FA4D" box="[1275,1361,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">S. fusca</emphasis>
H. Karst.
</taxonomicName>
, (÷ 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FCA5B5512656F9AD" box="[867,1105,1539,1563]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Dictyocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FCA5B5512656F9AD" box="[867,1105,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Dictyocaryum fuscum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This palm species is endemic to the Coastal Cordillera of 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A28FFC2FB8CB57126BBF98D" box="[1098,1212,1571,1595]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A28FFC5FCA4B51923B0FB0E" blockId="3.[828,1484,1611,1955]" lastBlockId="4.[118,771,1056,1208]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
Only two years after the publication of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A28FFC2FACBB51927C5F9D5" author="KARSTEN" box="[1293,1474,1611,1635]" firstAuthor="KARSTEN" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" refId="ref4331" refString="KARSTEN, H. (1861). Fl. Columbiae 1. Berlin." type="book" year="1861">KARSTEN (1861)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A28FFC2FCFAB5392602F935" author="WENDLAND" box="[828,1029,1643,1667]" firstAuthor="WENDLAND" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" pagination="129 - 131" refId="ref4518" refString="WENDLAND, H. (1863). Kritische Bemerkungen uber einige Palmen aus der Gruppe der Iriarteen. Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 21: 129 - 131." type="journal article" year="1863">WENDLAND (1863)</bibRefCitation>
pointed to the mixed nature of the collection depicted in plate LIV of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A28FFC2FBABB5D9271BF915" author="KARSTEN" box="[1133,1308,1675,1699]" firstAuthor="KARSTEN" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" refId="ref4331" refString="KARSTEN, H. (1861). Fl. Columbiae 1. Berlin." type="book" year="1861">KARSTEN (1861)</bibRefCitation>
. The collections that were illustrated are kept at the herbarium in LE, where they were examined by the first author. They were designated as 
<typeStatus id="54E988058A28FFC2FCFAB5B9219EF8B5" box="[828,921,1771,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FC02B5B9265CF8B5" box="[964,1115,1771,1795]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FC02B5B9265CF8B5" box="[964,1115,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Socratea fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A28FFC2FBB9B5B92743F8B5" author="HENDERSON" box="[1151,1348,1771,1795]" firstAuthor="HENDERSON" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" refId="ref4194" refString="HENDERSON, A. (1990). Arecaceae. Part I. Introduction and the Iriarteinae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 53." type="book" year="1990">HENDERSON (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, who explicitly excluded the figures 8, 9, 10, and 11. The exclusion of these figures on plate LIV was presumably done to exclude the drawing of the fruits and seed. However, if that was the intention of figure 8, a drawing of the flower of 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A28FFC2FB6BB4392711F835" box="[1197,1302,1899,1923]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Dictyocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A28FFC2FB6BB4392711F835" box="[1197,1302,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">D. fuscum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, should not have been excluded. On the other hand, the figure 12 which is a drawing of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FED1B7722371FB8E" box="[279,374,1056,1080]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FED1B7722371FB8E" box="[279,374,1056,1080]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Socratea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seed should have been excluded, but it was not. We take this as a typographical error, and assume Henderson’s intention was to exclude the figures 9, 10, 11, and 12 from plate LIV and hence also the fruit and seed material from the 
<typeStatus id="54E988058A2FFFC5FF11B7F2233EFB0E" box="[215,313,1184,1208]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FE9AB7F223B0FB0E" box="[348,439,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FE9AB7F223B4FB0E" box="[348,435,1184,1208]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">S. fusca</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2D662F8A2FFFC5FFB7B2512748FEA1" ID-Table-UUID="DF2D662F8A2FFFC5FFB7B2512748FEA1" box="[113,1359,259,279]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2D662F8A2FFFC5FFB7B2512748FEA1" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" startId="4.[113,156,259,279]" targetBox="[121,1409,323,887]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2FFFC5FFB7B2512748FEA1" blockId="4.[113,1359,259,279]" box="[113,1359,259,279]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFB7B25122C7FEA1" bold="true" box="[113,192,259,279]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Table 1. –</emphasis>
Characters to differentiate 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FE64B2512107FEA1" authority="F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev" authorityName="F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev" box="[418,768,259,279]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">Socratea karstenii F. W. Stauffer &amp; Balslev</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FCF7B2512659FEA1" authority="R. Bernal &amp; A. J. Hend." authorityName="R. Bernal &amp; A. J. Hend." box="[817,1118,259,279]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">S. montana R. Bernal &amp; A. J. Hend.</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FB4DB2512748FEA1" authority="H. Wendl." authorityName="H. Wendl." box="[1163,1359,259,279]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exorrhiza">S. exorrhiza H. Wendl.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2FFFC5FEBCB21126E6FCC1" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<table id="F952C4078A2F003EFFBFB2112786FCC1" box="[121,1409,323,887]" gridcols="4" gridrows="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB2112786FEE1" box="[121,1409,323,343]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB2112066FEE1" box="[378,609,323,343]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FEBCB2112008FEE1" box="[378,527,323,343]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FEBCB2112008FEE1" bold="true" box="[378,527,323,343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Socratea karstenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B2112629FEE1" box="[718,1070,323,343]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FD08B2112161FEE1" box="[718,870,323,343]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FD08B2112161FEE1" bold="true" box="[718,870,323,343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Socratea montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</th>
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B2112786FEE1" box="[1172,1409,323,343]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FB52B2112735FEE1" box="[1172,1330,323,343]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exorrhiza">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FB52B2112735FEE1" bold="true" box="[1172,1330,323,343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Socratea exorrhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB2312786FE21" box="[121,1409,355,407]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB2312319FE21" box="[121,286,355,407]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB23122DEFEC1" bold="true" box="[121,217,355,375]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Aerial roots</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB2312066FE21" box="[378,609,355,407]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">forming a dense cone, 1.5-2.3 m high</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B2312629FE21" box="[718,1070,355,407]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">forming a relatively open cone, c. 5 m high</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B2312786FE21" box="[1172,1409,355,407]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">forming a loose cone, 2- 4 m high</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB2F12786FE01" box="[121,1409,419,439]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB2F12319FE01" box="[121,286,419,439]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB2F122F8FE01" bold="true" box="[121,255,419,439]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Leaf sheaths [m]</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB2F12066FE01" box="[378,609,419,439]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">1.7-2.1</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B2F12629FE01" box="[718,1070,419,439]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">2-2.6</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B2F12786FE01" box="[1172,1409,419,439]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">0.9-1.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB2912786FE61" box="[121,1409,451,471]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB2912319FE61" box="[121,286,451,471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB29122B7FE61" bold="true" box="[121,176,451,471]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Petiole</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB2912066FE61" box="[378,609,451,471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">slightly channeled adaxially</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B2912629FE61" box="[718,1070,451,471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">subterete</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B2912786FE61" box="[1172,1409,451,471]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">terete</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB2B12786FE41" box="[121,1409,483,503]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB2B12319FE41" box="[121,286,483,503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB2B122EBFE41" bold="true" box="[121,236,483,503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Pinnae [pairs]</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB2B12066FE41" box="[378,609,483,503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">26-31</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B2B12629FE41" box="[718,1070,483,503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">17-24</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B2B12786FE41" box="[1172,1409,483,503]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">15-26</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB1512786FDA1" box="[121,1409,515,535]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB1512319FDA1" box="[121,286,515,535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB15122E2FDA1" bold="true" box="[121,229,515,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Prophyll [cm]</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB1512066FDA1" box="[378,609,515,535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">5-10</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B1512629FDA1" box="[718,1070,515,535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">20-22</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B1512786FDA1" box="[1172,1409,515,535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">10-11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB1712786FD81" box="[121,1409,547,567]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB1712319FD81" box="[121,286,547,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB17122D4FD81" bold="true" box="[121,211,547,567]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Bracts [cm]</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB1712066FD81" box="[378,609,547,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">to 80</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B1712629FD81" box="[718,1070,547,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">to 60</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B1712786FD81" box="[1172,1409,547,567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">to 60-70</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB1112786FDE1" box="[121,1409,579,599]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB1112319FDE1" box="[121,286,579,599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB1112300FDE1" bold="true" box="[121,263,579,599]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Floral rachis [cm]</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB1112066FDE1" box="[378,609,579,599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">(30-)40- 42</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B1112629FDE1" box="[718,1070,579,599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">15-20</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B1112786FDE1" box="[1172,1409,579,599]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">10-15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB1312786FDC1" box="[121,1409,611,631]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB1312319FDC1" box="[121,286,611,631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB13122C4FDC1" bold="true" box="[121,195,611,631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Rachillae</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB1312066FDC1" box="[378,609,611,631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">(16-)20-25</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B1312629FDC1" box="[718,1070,611,631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">7-9</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B1312786FDC1" box="[1172,1409,611,631]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">6-17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB1D12786FD21" box="[121,1409,643,663]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB1D12319FD21" box="[121,286,643,663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB1D122B9FD21" bold="true" box="[121,190,643,663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Stamens</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB1D12066FD21" box="[378,609,643,663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">(38-)43- 47(-65)</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B1D12629FD21" box="[718,1070,643,663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">84-139</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B1D12786FD21" box="[1172,1409,643,663]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">17- 45</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB1F12786FD01" box="[121,1409,675,695]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB1F12319FD01" box="[121,286,675,695]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB1F122E9FD01" bold="true" box="[121,238,675,695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Filament [mm]</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB1F12066FD01" box="[378,609,675,695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">2</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B1F12629FD01" box="[718,1070,675,695]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">1</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B1F12786FD01" box="[1172,1409,675,695]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">c.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB1912786FD61" box="[121,1409,707,727]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB1912319FD61" box="[121,286,707,727]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB1912319FD61" bold="true" box="[121,286,707,727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Female flower [mm]</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB1912066FD61" box="[378,609,707,727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">6-7</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B1912629FD61" box="[718,1070,707,727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">9-10</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B1912786FD61" box="[1172,1409,707,727]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">4-8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB1B12786FD41" box="[121,1409,739,759]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB1B12319FD41" box="[121,286,739,759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB1B122A9FD41" bold="true" box="[121,174,739,759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Ovary</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB1B12066FD41" box="[378,609,739,759]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">6-7</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B1B12629FD41" box="[718,1070,739,759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">9</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B1B12786FD41" box="[1172,1409,739,759]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">4-7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB0512786FCA1" box="[121,1409,771,791]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB0512319FCA1" box="[121,286,771,791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB051229AFCA1" bold="true" box="[121,157,771,791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Fruit</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB0512066FCA1" box="[378,609,771,791]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">poorly rostrate</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B0512629FCA1" box="[718,1070,771,791]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">conspicuously rostrate</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B0512786FCA1" box="[1172,1409,771,791]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">not rostrate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB0712786FC81" box="[121,1409,803,823]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB0712319FC81" box="[121,286,803,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB07122B1FC81" bold="true" box="[121,182,803,823]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Habitat</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB0712066FC81" box="[378,609,803,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">cloud forest</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B0712629FC81" box="[718,1070,803,823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">cloud forest</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B0712786FC81" box="[1172,1409,803,823]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">lowland rain forest</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356234E58A2F003EFFBFB0112786FCC1" box="[121,1409,835,887]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<th id="76B35D998A2F003EFFBFB0112319FCC1" box="[121,286,835,887]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FFBFB01122D0FCE1" bold="true" box="[121,215,835,855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Distribution</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFEBCB0112066FCC1" box="[378,609,835,887]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">northern Venezuela</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFD08B0112629FCC1" box="[718,1070,835,887]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">pacific slopes of the Colombian Cordillera Occidental and northern Ecuador</td>
<td id="76B35D998A2F003EFB52B0112786FCC1" box="[1172,1409,835,887]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">widespread from Nicaragua to Bolivia</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<tableNote id="76B437298A2FFFC5FFB7B0F62190FC61" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" targetBox="[121,1409,323,887]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2FFFC5FFB7B0F621F1FC01" blockId="4.[113,1014,931,983]" box="[113,1014,931,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
(1) Characters based on 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FEF0B0F12025FC01" author="BERNAL &amp; HENDERSON" box="[310,546,931,951]" firstAuthor="BERNAL" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" pagination="55 - 59" refId="ref4089" refString="BERNAL, R. &amp; A. HENDERSON (1986). A new species of Socratea (Palmae) from Colombia with notes on the genus. Brittonia 38: 55 - 59." type="journal article" year="1986">BERNAL &amp; HENDERSON (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FDECB0F120C0FC01" author="HENDERSON" box="[554,711,931,951]" firstAuthor="HENDERSON" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4194" refString="HENDERSON, A. (1990). Arecaceae. Part I. Introduction and the Iriarteinae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 53." type="book" year="1990">HENDERSON (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, and the collections cited in the text.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2FFFC5FFB7B0962190FC61" blockId="4.[113,1014,931,983]" box="[113,919,963,983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
(2) Characters based on 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FEF0B09123D4FC61" author="HENDERSON" box="[310,467,963,983]" firstAuthor="HENDERSON" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4194" refString="HENDERSON, A. (1990). Arecaceae. Part I. Introduction and the Iriarteinae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 53." type="book" year="1990">HENDERSON (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FE1DB091208BFC61" author="WESSELS BOER" box="[475,652,963,983]" firstAuthor="WESSELS BOER" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4549" refString="WESSELS BOER, J. G. (1988). Palmas indigenas de Venezuela. Pittieria 17." type="book" year="1988">WESSELS BOER (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FD7CB0912194FC61" author="GALEANO &amp; BERNAL" box="[698,915,963,983]" firstAuthor="GALEANO" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4150" refString="GALEANO, G. &amp; R. BERNAL (2010). Palmas de Colombia. Guia de Campo. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota." type="book" year="2010">GALEANO &amp; BERNAL (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</tableNote>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2FFFC5FF5AB79A263BFAAF" blockId="4.[118,774,1224,1955]" lastBlockId="4.[843,1494,1056,1955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
Seeds of 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FF3DB79A235FFB56" box="[251,344,1224,1248]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FF3DB79A235FFB56" box="[251,344,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Socratea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected by Karsten in 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A2FFFC5FD90B79A20C5FB56" box="[598,706,1224,1248]" name="Venezuela" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
made their way to Bwhere probably Klotzsch annotated them as “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FF44B65A233CFA96" box="[130,315,1288,1312]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FF44B65A233CFA96" box="[130,315,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Iriartea altissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leg. Karsten, 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A2FFFC5FE17B65A2042FA96" box="[465,581,1288,1312]" name="Venezuela" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
”. We assume that these were the seeds of 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FEBAB67A23FEFAF6" box="[380,505,1320,1344]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FEBAB67A23FEFAF6" box="[380,505,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">S. karstenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected by Karsten at Puerto Cabello together with material of 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FDF0B61A22ADFA36" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FDF0B61A22A1FA36" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Dictyocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuscum">Dictyocaryum fuscum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The name 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FEE6B63A23F0FA36" box="[288,503,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FEE1B63A23F7FA36" box="[295,496,1384,1408]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">Iriartea altissima</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
, without any description of the palm and thus a 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FEABB6DB200BFA17" box="[365,524,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">nomen nudum,</emphasis>
first appeared in 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2FFFC5FD0CB6DB228CFA77" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.71932" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" unit="in" value="1858.0">1858 in</quantity>
a publication of K. F. Appun on the cultivation of seeds and plants of tropical South America (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FE14B69B205EFA57" author="APPUN" box="[466,601,1481,1505]" firstAuthor="APPUN" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4048" refString="APPUN, C. F. (1858). Ueber dieBehandlung von Samereien und Pflanzen des tropischen Sud-Amerika, besonders Venezuela's. Bunzlau." type="book" year="1858">APPUN, 1858</bibRefCitation>
). Adecade after 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FFB0B6BB2336F9B7" author="KARSTEN" box="[118,305,1513,1537]" firstAuthor="KARSTEN" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4331" refString="KARSTEN, H. (1861). Fl. Columbiae 1. Berlin." type="book" year="1861">KARSTEN (1861)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FEF9B6BB23DCF9B7" author="APPUN" box="[319,475,1513,1537]" firstAuthor="APPUN" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4073" refString="APPUN, K. F. (1871). Unter den Tropen. Jena." type="book" year="1871">APPUN (1871)</bibRefCitation>
included the name in his account on 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A2FFFC5FF34B55B2366F997" box="[242,353,1545,1569]" name="Venezuela" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
and accompanied it with a painting of a group of tall palms against a scenic background. The palms in Appun’s plate are the same as in plate LIV of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FDACB51B2101F9D7" author="Karsten" box="[618,774,1609,1633]" firstAuthor="Karsten" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4331" refString="KARSTEN, H. (1861). Fl. Columbiae 1. Berlin." type="book" year="1861">Karsten (1861)</bibRefCitation>
but the details including the seeds of 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FDECB538208AF934" box="[554,653,1642,1666]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FDECB538208AF934" box="[554,653,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Socratea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shown as figures 9, 10, 11 and 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2FFFC5FE97B5D82382F914" box="[337,389,1674,1698]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
Karsten’s plate are painted over and covered by the scenic background. By these unfortunate artistic modifications the name 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FE53B598206CF954" box="[405,619,1738,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FE5BB5982063F954" box="[413,612,1738,1762]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">Iriartea altissima</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
became associated with the palm originally described as 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FD85B5B820DAF8B4" box="[579,733,1770,1794]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FD85B5B820DAF8B4" box="[579,733,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Socratea fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In 1881, in a list of plants introduced into commerce, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FD6CB45822BAF8F4" author="LINDEN, J." firstAuthor="LINDEN" journalOrPublisher="Ill. Hort." pageId="4" pageNumber="289" pagination="15 - 32" part="28" refId="ref4346" refString="LINDEN, J. (1881). Palmiers. Ill. Hort. 28: 15 - 32." title="Palmiers" type="journal article" year="1881">LINDEN (1881)</bibRefCitation>
published the name 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FE58B4782079F8F4" box="[414,638,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FE63B4782075F8F4" box="[421,626,1834,1858]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">Iriartea altissima</taxonomicName>
”,
</emphasis>
mentioning Klotzsch as author of the species, but again it was without any description and this time also without an illustration. Although it is well known that Johann Friedrich Klotzsch was curator of the Berlin herbarium between 1833 and 1860 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FA9DB77221E7FBEE" author="STAFLEU, F. A. &amp; R. S. COWAN" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4405" refString="STAFLEU, F. A. &amp; R. S. COWAN (1976 - 1988). Taxonomicliterature. 7 vol. Ed. 2. Bohn, Scheltema &amp; Holkema." type="journal volume" year="1976">STAFLEU &amp; COWAN, 1976</bibRefCitation>
-1988), we were not able to find out the reason why Linden attributed to him the name of the palm. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FA5FB7322192FB2E" author="JAHN, A." firstAuthor="JAHN" journalOrPublisher="Caracas" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4314" refString="JAHN, A. (1908). Las Palmas de la flora Venezolana. Caracas." title="Las Palmas de la flora Venezolana" type="book" year="1908">JAHN (1908)</bibRefCitation>
gave a description under the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FAE1B7D227A4FB2E" box="[1319,1443,1152,1176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FAE1B7D227A4FB2E" box="[1319,1443,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">I. altissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that clearly refers to 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FBCFB7F226FAFB0E" box="[1033,1277,1184,1208]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Dictyocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FBCFB7F226FAFB0E" box="[1033,1277,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Dictyocaryum fuscum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In this way, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FA5AB7F22192FB6E" author="JAHN, A." firstAuthor="JAHN" journalOrPublisher="Caracas" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4314" refString="JAHN, A. (1908). Las Palmas de la flora Venezolana. Caracas." title="Las Palmas de la flora Venezolana" type="book" year="1908">JAHN (1908)</bibRefCitation>
unfortunately validated the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FAD5B79221AFFB4E" authority="Al. Jahn" authorityName="Al. Jahn" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FAD5B79227D2FB6E" box="[1299,1493,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Iriartea altissima</emphasis>
Al. Jahn
</taxonomicName>
but created a superfluous name and synonym for 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FC8DB653263BFAAF" box="[843,1084,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FC8DB653263FFAAF" box="[843,1080,1281,1305]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Dictyocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuscum">Dictyocaryum fuscum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2FFFC5FCB7B67A26E5F815" blockId="4.[843,1494,1056,1955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FCB7B67A2613FAF6" author="BURRET" box="[881,1044,1320,1344]" firstAuthor="BURRET" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" pagination="918 - 942" refId="ref4124" refString="BURRET, M. (1930). Iriarteae. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem, Append. 10: 918 - 942." type="journal article" year="1930">BURRET (1930)</bibRefCitation>
referred to the seeds collected by Karsten in 
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A2FFFC5FCA1B61A21D2FAD6" box="[871,981,1352,1376]" name="Venezuela" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
that were identified as 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FB0AB61A27AFFAD6" box="[1228,1448,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FB15B61A279AFAD6" box="[1235,1437,1352,1376]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">Iriartea altissima</taxonomicName>
”,
</emphasis>
and apparently at that time still extant, in B. He stated that the seeds agree with the illustration in plate LIV of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FAADB6DB2192FA77" author="KARSTEN, H." firstAuthor="KARSTEN" journalOrPublisher="Berlin" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4331" refString="KARSTEN, H. (1861). Fl. Columbiae 1. Berlin." title="Fl. Columbiae 1" type="book" year="1861">KARSTEN (1861)</bibRefCitation>
. He also pointed out that 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FB62B6FB276BFA77" author="WENDLAND" box="[1188,1388,1449,1473]" firstAuthor="WENDLAND" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" pagination="129 - 131" refId="ref4518" refString="WENDLAND, H. (1863). Kritische Bemerkungen uber einige Palmen aus der Gruppe der Iriarteen. Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 21: 129 - 131." type="journal article" year="1863">WENDLAND (1863)</bibRefCitation>
had identified the seeds as 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FBDEB69B267DFA57" box="[1048,1146,1481,1505]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FBDEB69B267DFA57" box="[1048,1146,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Socratea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and referred the rest of the elements illustrated in plate LIV of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FB73B6BB276BF9B7" author="KARSTEN, H." box="[1205,1388,1513,1537]" firstAuthor="KARSTEN" journalOrPublisher="Berlin" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4331" refString="KARSTEN, H. (1861). Fl. Columbiae 1. Berlin." title="Fl. Columbiae 1" type="book" year="1861">KARSTEN (1861)</bibRefCitation>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FA57B6BB21AEF997" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Dictyocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FA57B6BB21AEF997" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Dictyocaryum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which he had described three years before. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FA47B55B2194F9F7" author="BURRET" firstAuthor="BURRET" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" pagination="918 - 942" refId="ref4124" refString="BURRET, M. (1930). Iriarteae. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem, Append. 10: 918 - 942." type="journal article" year="1930">BURRET (1930)</bibRefCitation>
concluded that the right name of the species to which the seeds in Bbelonged should be 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FB06B51827ABF9D4" box="[1216,1452,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FB0EB51827A7F9D4" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" box="[1224,1440,1610,1634]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">Socratea altissima</taxonomicName>
”,
</emphasis>
but did not propose any description for the palm. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FAF2B5382194F914" author="WESSELS BOER" firstAuthor="WESSELS BOER" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4549" refString="WESSELS BOER, J. G. (1988). Palmas indigenas de Venezuela. Pittieria 17." type="book" year="1988">WESSELS BOER (1988)</bibRefCitation>
described the 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FBF6B5D82697F914" box="[1072,1168,1674,1698]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FBF6B5D82697F914" box="[1072,1168,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Socratea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from the Venezuelan Coastal Cordillera under the name of 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FB3AB5F827C8F974" box="[1276,1487,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FAC5B5F827CFF974" box="[1283,1480,1706,1730]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">Iriartea altissima</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
. Wessels Boer had visited LE and had seen the fruits of the Puerto Cabello palm collected by H. Karsten (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FAEBB5B82183F894" author="IMCHANITZKAJA" firstAuthor="IMCHANITZKAJA" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" pagination="22 - 46" refId="ref4220" refString="IMCHANITZKAJA, N. (1986). Palmae (Arecaceae) in herbario instituti botanici nomine V. L. Komarovii (Leningrad) conservatae. 2. Specimina authentica taxorum novorum A. H. Karstenio descriptorum. Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 23: 22 - 46." type="journal article" year="1986">IMCHANITZKAJA, 1986</bibRefCitation>
), which he designated as 
<typeStatus id="54E988058A2FFFC5FB53B45826FFF894" box="[1173,1272,1802,1826]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2FFFC5FAE3B45827BDF894" box="[1317,1466,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2FFFC5FAE9B45827B4F894" box="[1327,1459,1802,1826]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">I. altissima</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
in the absence of the original material in Bapparently so named by Klotzsch. We reject this lectotypification as it does not agree with the description of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2FFFC5FB42B439270BF835" author="JAHN" box="[1156,1292,1899,1923]" firstAuthor="JAHN" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" refId="ref4314" refString="JAHN, A. (1908). Las Palmas de la flora Venezolana. Caracas." type="book" year="1908">JAHN (1908)</bibRefCitation>
, who validated the name, but did not cite any specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2EFFC4FF4AB24B2029FDC7" blockId="5.[103,757,281,984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2EFFC4FF4AB24B235CFE87" author="HENDERSON" box="[140,347,281,305]" firstAuthor="HENDERSON" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" refId="ref4194" refString="HENDERSON, A. (1990). Arecaceae. Part I. Introduction and the Iriarteinae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 53." type="book" year="1990">HENDERSON (1990)</bibRefCitation>
regarded 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FE00B24B205BFE87" box="[454,604,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2EFFC4FE16B24B2052FE87" box="[464,597,281,305]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">I. altissima</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
as an illegitimate name and cited 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FE87B26B234DFEE7" box="[321,330,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">“</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2EFFC4FE8DB26B2017FEE7" authority="Appun" authorityName="Appun" box="[331,528,313,337]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FE8DB26B23C6FEE7" box="[331,449,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">I. altissima</emphasis>
Appun
</taxonomicName>
” (1871), 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FDB7B26B207DFEE7" box="[625,634,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">“</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2EFFC4FDBCB26B22B3FEC7" authority="Linden" authorityName="Linden" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FDBCB26B20F6FEE7" box="[634,753,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">I. altissima</emphasis>
Linden
</taxonomicName>
” (1881), and 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FE82B20B2349FEC7" box="[324,334,345,369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">“</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2EFFC4FE8BB20B202FFEC7" authority="Al. Jahn" authorityName="Al. Jahn" box="[333,552,345,369]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FE8BB20B23CFFEC7" box="[333,456,345,369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">I. altissima</emphasis>
Al. Jahn
</taxonomicName>
” (1908) as 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FD67B20B229BFE27" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">nomina nuda</emphasis>
under 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FF23B22B23D3FE27" box="[229,468,377,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2EFFC4FF23B22B23D7FE27" box="[229,464,377,401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Dictyocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuscum">Dictyocaryum fuscum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Henderson was in error, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2EFFC4FFA1B2CB2385FE07" authority="Al. Jahn" authorityName="Al. Jahn" box="[103,386,409,433]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FFA1B2CB2325FE07" box="[103,290,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Iriartea altissima</emphasis>
Al. Jahn
</taxonomicName>
was published with a description, albeit as a superfluous name for 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2EFFC4FE05B2EB20AAFE67" box="[451,685,441,465]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Dictyocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FE05B2EB20AAFE67" box="[451,685,441,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Dictyocaryum fuscum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Even though 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2EFFC4FF7CB28B238BFE47" author="HENDERSON" box="[186,396,473,497]" firstAuthor="HENDERSON" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" pagination="181 - 182" refId="ref4177" refString="HENDERSON, A. (1986). Letter. Principes 30: 181 - 182." type="journal article" year="1986">HENDERSON (1986)</bibRefCitation>
had suggested that the 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2EFFC4FD49B28B20F6FE47" authority="H. Karst." authorityName="H. Karst." box="[655,753,473,497]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FD49B28B20F6FE47" box="[655,753,473,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Socratea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from the Venezuelan Coastal Cordillera could represent a new taxon, he identified all the specimens from that locality as 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2EFFC4FF18B16B2365FDE7" box="[222,354,569,593]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exorrhiza">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FF18B16B2365FDE7" box="[222,354,569,593]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">S. exorrhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in his monograph of the genus published four years later (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2EFFC4FE9BB10B2024FDC7" author="HENDERSON" box="[349,547,601,625]" firstAuthor="HENDERSON" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" refId="ref4194" refString="HENDERSON, A. (1990). Arecaceae. Part I. Introduction and the Iriarteinae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 53." type="book" year="1990">HENDERSON, 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2EFFC4FF4AB1D2208CFC6E" blockId="5.[103,757,281,984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FF4AB1D2236FFD2E" box="[140,360,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Conservation status</emphasis>
. – The populations of this palm are well protected in the Henri Pittier National Park (
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A2EFFC4FDA6B1F220EDFD0E" box="[608,746,672,696]" country="Venezuela" name="Aragua" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Aragua State</collectingRegion>
), but those in the La Chapa, Gamelotal and Zapatero mountains (all in 
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A2EFFC4FF6DB1B2233AFD4E" box="[171,317,736,760]" country="Venezuela" name="Yaracuy" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Yaracuy State</collectingRegion>
) are heavily threatened by the destruction of the cloud forest due to cattle-ranching and cultivation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2EFFC4FFA9B072238FFC8E" author="STAUFFER &amp; DUNO" box="[111,392,800,824]" firstAuthor="STAUFFER" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" pagination="57 - 58" refId="ref4486" refString="STAUFFER, F. W. &amp; R. DUNO (1998). Notes on the conservation status of Asterogyne yaracuyense in Venezuela. Principes 42: 57 - 58." type="journal article" year="1998">STAUFFER &amp; DUNO, 1998</bibRefCitation>
). The conservation status of this species in the 
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A2EFFC4FEC4B0122394FCEE" box="[258,403,832,856]" country="Venezuela" name="Trujillo" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Trujillo State</collectingRegion>
remains unknown. Throughout almost its entire range of distribution 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2EFFC4FE33B032206BFCCE" box="[501,620,864,888]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FE33B032206BFCCE" box="[501,620,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">S. karstenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
faces a very high risk of extinction due to heavy destruction of its natural habitat, hence it should be considered as endangered (EN) under the A4 criterion, as defined by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B568A2EFFC4FE33B0922080FC6E" author="IUCN" box="[501,647,960,984]" firstAuthor="IUCN" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" refId="ref4273" refString="IUCN (2010). Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 8.1 [http: // intranet. iucn. org / webfiles / doc / SSC / RedList / RedListGuidelines. pdf]." type="url" year="2010">IUCN (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2EFFC4FF4AB0BA204AFB76" blockId="5.[103,755,1000,1595]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FF4AB0BA2316FBB6" box="[140,273,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Etymology.–</emphasis>
The name of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C524D248A2EFFC4FE14B0BA2036FBB6" authority="H. Karst." authorityName="H. Karst." box="[466,561,1000,1024]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FE14B0BA2036FBB6" box="[466,561,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Socratea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species described here honours Hermann Karsten, first collector of the palm and a remarkable botanist of the Neotropical flora. In order to provide a more comprehensive idea of the morphology of the species, we have selected a complete specimen, and not the collection from Karsten at LE, which only consists of fragmentary seeds. The common name is Arauce.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED36A78A2EFFC4FF4AB79C2367F98D" blockId="5.[103,755,1000,1595]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FF4AB79C23A3FB57" box="[140,420,1230,1249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FE77B79C23BBFB57" box="[433,444,1230,1249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">–</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CFA8A2EFFC4FE04B79C2014FAA0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3417674306" collectingDate="1997-10-10" collectingDateMax="1965-08-08" collectingDateMin="1965-08-07" collectionCode="VEN" collectorName="Stauffer" country="Venezuela" elevation="975" latitude="10.35" location="P. N. Henri Pittier" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="Henri Pittier" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Aragua">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FE04B79C2080FB57" bold="true" box="[450,647,1230,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectingCountry id="F34576378A2EFFC4FE04B79C202CFB69" box="[450,555,1230,1249]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A2EFFC4FDFEB79C2084FB57" box="[568,643,1230,1249]" country="Venezuela" name="Aragua" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Aragua</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FD4BB79C229CFB4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D:8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FD4BB79C229CFB4D" country="Venezuela" latitude="10.35" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="Henri Pittier" name="P. N. Henri Pittier" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Aragua">P. N. Henri Pittier</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A5F2F858A2EFFC4FF64B7BA22DFFB4D" box="[162,216,1256,1275]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2EFFC4FF64B7BA22DFFB4D" box="[162,216,1256,1275]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
</locationDeviation>
desde el 
<location id="8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FEE3B7BA23C8FB4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D:8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FEE3B7BA23C8FB4D" box="[293,463,1256,1275]" country="Venezuela" latitude="10.35" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="Henri Pittier" name="Paso de Portachuelo" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Aragua">Paso de Portachuelo</location>
vía a 
<location id="8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FDC7B7BA204BFB4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D:8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FDC7B7BA204BFB4D" box="[513,588,1256,1275]" country="Venezuela" latitude="10.35" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="Henri Pittier" name="La Trilla" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Aragua">La Trilla</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6650608A2EFFC4FD92B7BA209AFB4D" box="[596,669,1256,1275]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" precision="925" value="10.35">10°21’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE6650608A2EFFC4FD64B7BA20E8FB4D" box="[674,751,1256,1275]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" precision="925" value="-67.683334">67°41’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2EFFC4FFA1B65122C9FAA0" box="[103,206,1283,1302]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="975.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="950.0">
<elevation id="007FD1948A2EFFC4FFA1B65122C9FAA0" box="[103,206,1283,1302]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="975.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="950.0">950-1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFEC10678A2EFFC4FF11B6512335FAA0" box="[215,306,1283,1302]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1997-10-10">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E98F8A2EFFC4FF11B6512335FAA0" box="[215,306,1283,1302]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1997-10-10">10.X.1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FEFCB65123D6FAA0" box="[314,465,1283,1302]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectorName id="26A753718A2EFFC4FEFCB651237BFAA0" box="[314,380,1283,1302]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Stauffer</collectorName>
&amp; al. 515
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FE1AB651200AFAA0" box="[476,525,1283,1302]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" name="Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">VEN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CFA8A2EFFC4FDDDB65123E8FAFD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3417674302" collectingDate="1997-10-11" collectingDateMax="1965-08-08" collectingDateMin="1965-08-07" collectionCode="VEN" collectorName="Stauffer" country="Venezuela" elevation="1050" latitude="10.35" location="P. N. Henri Pittier" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="Henri Pittier" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Aragua">
<location id="8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FDDDB65120B5FAA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D:8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FDDDB65120B5FAA0" box="[539,690,1283,1302]" country="Venezuela" latitude="10.35" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="Henri Pittier" name="P. N. Henri Pittier" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Aragua">P. N. Henri Pittier</location>
, primer tramo del camino 
<location id="8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FEC6B64C2014FA87" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D:8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FEC6B64C2014FA87" box="[256,531,1310,1329]" country="Venezuela" latitude="10.35" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="Henri Pittier" name="Paso Portachuelo-Pico Periquito" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Aragua">Paso Portachuelo-Pico Periquito</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6650608A2EFFC4FDDAB64C2062FA87" box="[540,613,1310,1329]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" precision="925" value="10.35">10°21’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE6650608A2EFFC4FDACB64C20BFFA87" box="[618,696,1310,1329]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" precision="925" value="-67.683334">67°41’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2EFFC4FD06B64C22A0FAFD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="1000.0">
<elevation id="007FD1948A2EFFC4FD06B64C22A0FAFD" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000- 1100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFEC10678A2EFFC4FF77B66A230CFAFD" box="[177,267,1336,1355]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1997-10-11">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E98F8A2EFFC4FF77B66A230CFAFD" box="[177,267,1336,1355]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1997-10-11">11.X.1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FED2B66A23AFFAFD" box="[276,424,1336,1355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectorName id="26A753718A2EFFC4FED2B66A2350FAFD" box="[276,343,1336,1355]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Stauffer</collectorName>
&amp; al.516
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FE7FB66A23EEFAFD" box="[441,489,1336,1355]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" name="Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">VEN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CFA8A2EFFC4FE3EB66A2074FAD0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3417674304" collectingDate="1920-07-28" collectingDateMax="1965-08-08" collectingDateMin="1965-08-07" collectionCode="BH, NY" collectorName="Pittier" country="Venezuela" elevation="200" latitude="10.35" location="Puerto Cabello" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="Puerto Cabello" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Carabobo">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FE3EB66A205CFAFD" bold="true" box="[504,603,1336,1355]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A2EFFC4FE3EB66A205FFAFD" box="[504,600,1336,1355]" country="Venezuela" name="Carabobo" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Carabobo</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
road from 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89ACDD8A2EFFC4FD7FB66A22AFFAD0" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Puerto Cabello</collectingMunicipality>
to 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89ACDD8A2EFFC4FF04B601231BFAD0" box="[194,284,1363,1382]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">San Felipe</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date id="FFEC10678A2EFFC4FEE2B601238CFAD0" box="[292,395,1363,1382]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1920-07-28">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E98F8A2EFFC4FEE2B601238CFAD0" box="[292,395,1363,1382]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1920-07-28">28.VII.1920</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FE54B60123F1FAD0" box="[402,502,1363,1382]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectorName id="26A753718A2EFFC4FE54B60123C0FAD0" box="[402,455,1363,1382]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Pittier</collectorName>
8988
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FDC6B6012019FAD0" box="[512,542,1363,1382]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15518" name="L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">BH</collectionCode>
n.v., 
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FD8DB6012069FAD0" box="[587,622,1363,1382]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CFA8A2EFFC4FDBAB6012048FA2D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3417674305" collectingDate="1965-08-07" collectingDateMax="1965-08-08" collectingDateMin="1965-08-07" collectionCode="BH, VEN, US, K" collectorName="Steyermark" country="Venezuela" elevation="425" latitude="10.35" location="Rio San Gian" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="Henri Pittier" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Aragua">
<location id="8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FDBAB60120E9FAD0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D:8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FDBAB60120E9FAD0" box="[636,750,1363,1382]" country="Venezuela" latitude="10.35" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="Henri Pittier" name="Rio San Gian" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Aragua">Río San Gián</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2EFFC4FFA1B63C22A0FA37" box="[103,167,1390,1409]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="km" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">
<locationDeviation id="9A5F2F858A2EFFC4FFA1B63C22A0FA37" box="[103,167,1390,1409]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="km" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5-6 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
al 
<locationDeviation id="9A5F2F858A2EFFC4FF02B63C234BFA37" box="[196,332,1390,1409]" location="Borburata" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Sde Borburata</locationDeviation>
, vecindades de la Planta Eléctrica, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2EFFC4FD4DB63C20E9FA37" box="[651,750,1390,1409]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="425.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="350.0">
<elevation id="007FD1948A2EFFC4FD4DB63C20E9FA37" box="[651,750,1390,1409]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="425.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="350.0">350-500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFEC10678A2EFFC4FFA1B6DA22D9FA2D" box="[103,222,1416,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1965-08-07" valueMax="1965-08-08" valueMin="1965-08-07">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E98F8A2EFFC4FFA1B6DA22D9FA2D" box="[103,222,1416,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1965-08-07" valueMax="1965-08-08" valueMin="1965-08-07">7-8.VIII.1965</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FF21B6DA2385FA2D" box="[231,386,1416,1435]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectorName id="26A753718A2EFFC4FF21B6DA2340FA2D" box="[231,327,1416,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Steyermark</collectorName>
94356
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FE4BB6DA23ABFA2D" box="[397,428,1416,1435]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15518" name="L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">BH</collectionCode>
n.v., 
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FE1CB6DA200FFA2D" box="[474,520,1416,1435]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" name="Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">VEN</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FDD6B6DA202AFA2D" box="[528,557,1416,1435]" country="South Africa" name="University of Stellenbosch" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">US</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FDF0B6DA204FFA2D" box="[566,584,1416,1435]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CFA8A2EFFC4FD91B6DA22E7FA67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3417674307" collectingDate="1971-02-20" collectingDateMax="1965-08-08" collectingDateMin="1965-08-07" collectionCode="NY" collectorName="Steyermark" country="Venezuela" elevation="1475" latitude="10.35" location="between Escuque and La Mesa de San Pedro" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="Henri Pittier" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Trujillo">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FD91B6DA20A2FA2D" bold="true" box="[599,677,1416,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A2EFFC4FD91B6DA20A6FA2D" box="[599,673,1416,1435]" country="Venezuela" name="Trujillo" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Trujillo</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FD6CB6DA2399FA00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D:8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FD6CB6DA2399FA00" country="Venezuela" latitude="10.35" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="Henri Pittier" name="between Escuque and La Mesa de San Pedro" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Trujillo">between Escuque and La Mesa de San Pedro</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2EFFC4FE61B6F12019FA00" box="[423,542,1443,1462]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.475" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="1475.0" valueMax="1650.0" valueMin="1300.0">
<elevation id="007FD1948A2EFFC4FE61B6F12019FA00" box="[423,542,1443,1462]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.475" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="1475.0" valueMax="1650.0" valueMin="1300.0">1300-1650 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFEC10678A2EFFC4FDE0B6F12084FA00" box="[550,643,1443,1462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-02-20">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E98F8A2EFFC4FDE0B6F12084FA00" box="[550,643,1443,1462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1971-02-20">20.II.1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FD48B6F122AEFA67" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectorName id="26A753718A2EFFC4FD48B6F120F6FA00" box="[654,753,1443,1462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Steyermark</collectorName>
104745
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FF70B6EC22DDFA67" box="[182,218,1470,1489]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CFA8A2EFFC4FF2CB6EC23ECF9B0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3417674309" collectingDate="1967-11-14" collectingDateMax="1965-08-08" collectingDateMin="1965-08-07" collectionCode="U, VEN, NY" collectorName="Steyermark &amp; Wessels-Boer" country="Venezuela" elevation="1250" latitude="10.35" location="Sierra de Aroa" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="San Felipe" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Yaracuy">
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FF2CB6EC2346FA67" bold="true" box="[234,321,1470,1489]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectingRegion id="4996F8458A2EFFC4FF2CB6EC233AFA67" box="[234,317,1470,1489]" country="Venezuela" name="Yaracuy" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Yaracuy</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FE8EB6EC23CBFA67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D:8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FE8EB6EC23CBFA67" box="[328,460,1470,1489]" country="Venezuela" latitude="10.35" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="San Felipe" name="Sierra de Aroa" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Yaracuy">Sierra de Aroa</location>
, 
<location id="8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FE13B6EC2041FA67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D:8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FE13B6EC2041FA67" box="[469,582,1470,1489]" country="Venezuela" latitude="10.35" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="San Felipe" name="Cerro Negro" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Yaracuy">Cerro Negro</location>
, above 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89ACDD8A2EFFC4FD4DB6EC20ECFA67" box="[651,747,1470,1489]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">San Felipe</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6650608A2EFFC4FFA1B68A22B5FA5D" box="[103,178,1496,1515]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" precision="925" value="10.416667">10°25’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE6650608A2EFFC4FF71B68A2300FA5D" box="[183,263,1496,1515]" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" precision="925" value="-68.833336">68°50’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2EFFC4FED6B68A2382FA5D" box="[272,389,1496,1515]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="1250.0" valueMax="1350.0" valueMin="1150.0">
<elevation id="007FD1948A2EFFC4FED6B68A2382FA5D" box="[272,389,1496,1515]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="1250.0" valueMax="1350.0" valueMin="1150.0">1150-1350 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFEC10678A2EFFC4FE48B68A23F4FA5D" box="[398,499,1496,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1967-11-14">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E98F8A2EFFC4FE48B68A23F4FA5D" box="[398,499,1496,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1967-11-14">14.XI.1967</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FE3BB68A22AFF9B0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectorName id="26A753718A2EFFC4FE3BB68A2067FA5D" box="[509,608,1496,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Steyermark</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A753718A2EFFC4FDBAB68A20F7FA5D" box="[636,752,1496,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Wessels-Boer</collectorName>
100468
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FF73B6A12353F9B0" box="[181,340,1523,1542]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">WesselsBoer-2047</emphasis>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FEA8B6A12387F9B0" box="[366,384,1523,1542]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15513" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">U</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FE4FB6A123BFF9B0" box="[393,440,1523,1542]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" name="Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">VEN</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FE06B6A123E3F9B0" box="[448,484,1523,1542]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CFA8A2EFFC4FE35B6A12367F98D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3417674308" collectingDate="1972-12-27" collectingDateMax="1965-08-08" collectingDateMin="1965-08-07" collectionCode="BH, VEN, NY" collectorName="Steyermark &amp; Carreno" country="Venezuela" elevation="1200" latitude="10.35" location="Salom" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="El Amparo" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Aragua">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89ACDD8A2EFFC4FE35B6A12054F9B0" box="[499,595,1523,1542]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">El Amparo</collectingMunicipality>
hacia 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89ACDD8A2EFFC4FD4DB6A120EBF9B0" box="[651,748,1523,1542]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Candelaria</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2EFFC4FFA1B55C22A9F997" box="[103,174,1550,1569]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="km" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">
<locationDeviation id="9A5F2F858A2EFFC4FFA1B55C22A9F997" box="[103,174,1550,1569]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="km" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7-10 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
al N de 
<location id="8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FF3EB55C2336F997" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB87B18A2AFFC4FFA1B0952367F98D:8E8D607C8A2EFFC4FF3EB55C2336F997" box="[248,305,1550,1569]" country="Venezuela" latitude="10.35" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-67.683334" municipality="El Amparo" name="Salom" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Aragua">Salóm</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CAA9B428A2EFFC4FEFCB55C23A9F997" box="[314,430,1550,1569]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="1200.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="1100.0">
<elevation id="007FD1948A2EFFC4FEFCB55C23A9F997" box="[314,430,1550,1569]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="1200.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100-1300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFEC10678A2EFFC4FE70B55C2025F997" box="[438,546,1550,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1972-12-27">
<collectingDate id="EFA8E98F8A2EFFC4FE70B55C2025F997" box="[438,546,1550,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" value="1972-12-27">27.XII.1972</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B926EAB58A2EFFC4FDEDB55C22A1F98D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<collectorName id="26A753718A2EFFC4FDEDB55C208AF997" box="[555,653,1550,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Steyermark</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26A753718A2EFFC4FD6FB55C20F6F997" box="[681,753,1550,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Carreño</collectorName>
106837
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FF77B57A22D7F98D" box="[177,208,1576,1595]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15518" name="L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">BH</collectionCode>
n.v., 
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FF38B57A232BF98D" box="[254,300,1576,1595]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" name="Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">VEN</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED43AE628A2EFFC4FEF2B57A2351F98D" box="[308,342,1576,1595]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>