treatments-xml/data/03/FB/87/03FB878DFF829E5CA82CFE9554F6C934.xml

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<mods:title>Description of the pupal exuviae of some species belonging to Orthocladius s. str. van der Wulp, 1874 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a new key to species of West Palaearctic region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Bruno Rossaro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Carlotta Casalegno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2001</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName authority="Langton &amp; Cranston, 1991" authorityName="Langton &amp; Cranston" authorityYear="1991" box="[264,851,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaillanti">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,530,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Orthocladius vaillanti</emphasis>
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Langton 
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Cranston, 
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<taxonomicName authority="Langton &amp; Cranston, 1991" authorityName="Langton &amp; Cranston" authorityYear="1991" box="[264,740,364,385]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaillanti">
<emphasis box="[264,477,364,385]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Orthocladius vaillanti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S." box="[483,740,364,385]" firstAuthor="Langton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="239 - 252" part="16" refId="ref12035" refString="Langton, P. H. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (1991) Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised. Systematic Entomology, 16, 239 - 252." title="Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s. str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised" type="journal article" year="1991">
Langton &amp; Cranston, 
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<taxonomicName authority="Pe" authorityName="Pe" box="[264,427,393,414]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthocladius Pe</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation author="Langton, P. H." box="[452,640,393,414]" page="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1984">
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Langton, 
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: 
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(
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Langton &amp; Cranston 
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<taxonomicName authority="Pe" authorityName="Pe" box="[264,421,422,443]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthocladius Pe</taxonomicName>
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Langton, 
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: 
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(
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Caldwell 
<number box="[753,802,422,443]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1998.0">1998</number>
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)
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DESCRIPTION. See 
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Langton 
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Cranston (
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, Fig. 
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)
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. Adult male and larva described in 
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Caldwell (
<number box="[434,498,532,558]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1998.0">1998</number>
)
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. Very similar to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[734,869,532,557]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigidus">
<emphasis box="[734,869,532,557]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<collectingCountry box="[734,758,532,557]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O</collectingCountry>
. frigidus
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</taxonomicName>
, but points on tergites much more extensive. Thoracic horn as in 
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<emphasis box="[639,768,572,597]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<collectingCountry box="[639,663,572,597]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">O</collectingCountry>
. frigidus
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Caldwell, B. A." box="[787,972,572,598]" firstAuthor="Caldwell" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="234 - 240" part="71" refId="ref11837" refString="Caldwell, B. A. (1998) Description of the adult male and larva of Orthocladius (Orthocladius) vaillanti (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 71 (3), 234 - 240." title="Description of the adult male and larva of Orthocladius (Orthocladius) vaillanti (Diptera: Chironomidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">
Caldwell, 
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but weak and easily broken off. Pedes spurii B well developed. T 
<emphasis box="[701,742,624,642]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">II­VI</emphasis>
nearly completely covered with points extending beyond the antero­lateral adhesion marks, T 
<emphasis box="[778,805,668,686]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">VII</emphasis>
similarly armed but with smaller points. On T 
<emphasis box="[282,298,711,731]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">II</emphasis>
posterior points are larger than very weak median ones. Pedes spurii A on S 
<emphasis box="[1193,1240,712,730]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IV­VI</emphasis>
. Three lateral setae on segments 
<emphasis box="[571,638,746,771]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">II­VII</emphasis>
, five on segment 
<emphasis box="[853,900,746,771]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">VIII</emphasis>
. Anal lobes with a strong fringe of lateral setae. Anal macrosetae 
<quantity box="[623,714,785,811]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
long, anal lobes 
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long and 
<quantity box="[1178,1323,785,811]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.575" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="457.5" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="415.0">415­500 m</quantity>
wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="15.[264,1324,492,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
MATERIAL EXAMINED: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[638,723,865,891]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<collectingCountry box="[638,723,865,891]" name="Italy" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ITALY</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: LOMBARDIA: Brembo river, Bonate sotto, 
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/ 
<number box="[1298,1313,865,891]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="4.0">4</number>
/ / 
<number box="[274,367,905,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2001.1">2001, 1</number>
Pex; S.G.Bianco 
<number box="[609,618,905,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1.0">1</number>
/ 
<number box="[628,726,905,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2000.1">2000, 1</number>
Pex; Lambro river, 
<date box="[987,1109,905,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1996-03-21">
<number box="[987,1015,905,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="21.0">21</number>
/ 
<number box="[1025,1038,905,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="3.0">3</number>
/ 
<number box="[1048,1109,905,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1996.1">1996</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex. EMILIA ROMAGNA: Taro river, Bedonia Compiano, 
<date box="[817,939,945,971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2001-04-24">
<number box="[817,847,945,971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="24.0">24</number>
/ 
<number box="[856,871,945,971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="4.0">4</number>
/ 
<number box="[880,939,945,971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2001.1">2001</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; Borgo Val di Taro, 
<date pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2000-05-02">
<number box="[1277,1291,945,971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2.0">2</number>
/ 
<number box="[1301,1314,945,971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="5.0">5</number>
/ 
<number box="[264,326,985,1011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2000.1">2000</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; Bidente stream, 
<date box="[624,745,985,1011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1979-03-27">
<number box="[624,654,985,1011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="27.0">27</number>
/ 
<number box="[663,676,985,1011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="3.0">3</number>
/ 
<number box="[685,745,985,1011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1979.1">1979</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex; Savio stream, Bagni di Romagna, 
<date pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1992-02-12">
<number box="[1261,1288,985,1011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="12.0">12</number>
/ 
<number box="[1298,1312,985,1011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2.0">2</number>
/ 
<number box="[264,325,1025,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1992.1">1992</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex. MARCHE: Aso stream, 
<date box="[707,828,1025,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1980-04-17">
<number box="[707,734,1025,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="17.0">17</number>
/ 
<number box="[743,758,1025,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="4.0">4</number>
/ 
<number box="[768,828,1025,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1980.1">1980</number>
</date>
, 1 Pex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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