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<document id="BB0BAEAABB1EE7BBA98C4F512FFE6C04" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5023.2.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5225800" ID-ZooBank="32EA32BC-0E25-4BF9-86CB-A5C881CB5BCD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629426001738" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Escalona, Hermes E. &amp; Oberprieler, Rolf G." docDate="2021" docId="03FB878CD674FFD17EF0FB9AFDB30E40" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5023.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5023 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Undarobius Escalona &amp; Oberprieler 2021, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="442F6299-8BD7-4FB4-8DF4-B9EFF52B5EED" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="209" masterDocId="FFC2FFF4D675FFD37E67FF80FFE80931" masterDocTitle="Undarobius, a new genus of cavernicolous weevils (Curculionidae: Entiminae Leptopiini) from the Undara Lava Caves in north-eastern Australia, with an overview of anophthalmic and microphthalmic Australian Curculionidae" masterLastPageNumber="222" masterPageNumber="207" pageNumber="208" updateTime="1699072673255" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="760099E1F34F0133DB0A8F75B82DD99F">Undarobius, a new genus of cavernicolous weevils (Curculionidae: Entiminae Leptopiini) from the Undara Lava Caves in north-eastern Australia, with an overview of anophthalmic and microphthalmic Australian Curculionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A79381634C460D813533D7BD31EDC5D7">Escalona, Hermes E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="68C7B0D67E32B916791473C7D48653F5">Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, G. P. O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AC7125C1EFB34DE5F791430B7D662792">Oberprieler, Rolf G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="898B770C4C61E0B06C2507D1CC5BD779" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1837-580X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="213817BC6350C3046B3DCCDF4A913F83">Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, G. P. O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. &amp; Rolf. Oberprieler @ csiro. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1837 - 580 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7918640F548E08A19E47EAD34B16CC9D" type="email">berprieler@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="0F63967143D3B5556293C091BCBE1F13">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8F3FECEB8DEFA81138A000646831E1FB">
<mods:date id="30D2B1954B2FC6C76B74247C2479F32C">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1C9985BC1D12C9CCE70D3B19EA7D9916">2021-08-18</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0275B459E2F9F77951D711F1FD9E0E02" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C1939E547131B3703842B589E4EC41C0">5023</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="336A363EEC62DDB3842DD7FF5EF5E84F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5023.2.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D243D1F0CACB88B260DFEB16008F06CA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FB878CD674FFD17EF0FB9AFDB30E40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5225812" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:442F6299-8BD7-4FB4-8DF4-B9EFF52B5EED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB878CD674FFD17EF0FB9AFDB30E40" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">
<subSubSection id="C3486511D674FFD27EF0FB9AFD5D0D04" box="[151,693,1050,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BED369AD674FFD27EF0FB9AFD5D0D04" blockId="1.[151,1185,1050,1149]" box="[151,693,1050,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">
<heading id="D0A581F6D674FFD27EF0FB9AFD5D0D04" bold="true" box="[151,693,1050,1077]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="208" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D674FFD27EF0FB9AFD5D0D04" bold="true" box="[151,693,1050,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D674FFD27EF0FB9AFDB30D05" ID-CoL="B7D66" authority="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityName="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,603,1050,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Undarobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D674FFD27EF0FB9AFECE0D04" bold="true" box="[151,294,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Undarobius</emphasis>
Escalona &amp; Oberprieler
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557F3D674FFD27C05FB9BFD5D0D04" box="[610,693,1051,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486511D674FFD27EF0FBBFFBCF0D8E" pageId="1" pageNumber="208" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BED369AD674FFD27EF0FBBFFEC80D6B" blockId="1.[151,1185,1050,1149]" box="[151,288,1087,1114]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">
(
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27EF8FBBFFEF10D6B" box="[159,281,1087,1114]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 9–16" captionStart-1="FIGURES 17–25" captionStart-2="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1883,1907]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1435,279,1849]" captionTargetBox-1="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId-0="figure-62@5.[151,1435,272,1859]" captionTargetId-1="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 9–16. Undarobius habitus and mouthparts. 9–10, 12—U. howarthi sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♂) 9–10: dorsal, 12: lateral aspect; 11, 13—U. irvini sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♀) 11: dorsal, 13: lateral aspect; 14– 16—U. howarthi sp. n. ♀, mouthparts, 14: labium, ventral view, 15: left mandible, dorsal view, 16: right maxilla, ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225804" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5225804/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Figs. 9–36</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED369AD674FFD27EF0FBE2FB490D4C" blockId="1.[151,1185,1050,1149]" box="[151,1185,1122,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">
http://zoobank.org/
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFF40C4FD674FFD27CE2FBE2FB490D4C" box="[645,1185,1122,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">442F6299-8BD7-4FB4-8DF4-B9EFF52B5EED</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED369AD674FFD27EF0FB28FBCF0D8E" blockId="1.[151,1063,1191,1216]" box="[151,1063,1191,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">
<typeStatus id="54E98838D674FFD27EF0FB28FF210DF1" box="[151,201,1192,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Type</typeStatus>
species, by present designation:
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D674FFD27C70FB27FC000D8E" authority="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityName="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityYear="2021" box="[535,1000,1191,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Undarobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howarthi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D674FFD27C70FB27FD190D8E" box="[535,753,1191,1215]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Undarobius howarthi</emphasis>
Escalona &amp; Oberprieler
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B926EA88D674FFD27D89FB27FBCF0D8E" bold="true" box="[1006,1063,1191,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21557F3D674FFD27D89FB27FBCF0D8E" box="[1006,1063,1191,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486511D674FFD27EF0FB6DFE270C8A" pageId="1" pageNumber="208" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BED369AD674FFD27EF0FB6DFE270C8A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1261,2008]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D674FFD27EF0FB6DFEFA0C36" bold="true" box="[151,274,1261,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body longer than wide, length 4.0–
<quantity id="4CAA9B7FD674FFD27CFCFB6DFD180C39" box="[667,752,1261,1288]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
, somewhat flattened, covered with sparse to dense, appressed, fluted squamae and sparse, short, erect to semi-erect setae. Eyes absent (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27DB6FA91FBCD0C1A" box="[977,1061,1297,1323]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Rostrum dorsally not separated from head by groove (sulcus); frons indistinct; epistome short, apical margin bisinuate (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27A14FAB5FB2F0C7E" box="[1139,1223,1333,1359]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). Antennal scrobes broadly open and poorly defined (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27C77FAD9FD8A0C42" box="[528,610,1369,1395]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Scapes long, reaching apical third of prothorax in repose. Prothorax with anterior margin laterally without ocular lobes or vibrissae. Wingless. Tibiae mucronate; metatibiae without corbels or bevels. Tarsal claws free.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486511D674FFD17EA0FA45FD580DF4" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="1" pageNumber="208" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BED369AD674FFD27EA0FA45FBDD0F7D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1261,2008]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D674FFD27EA0FA45FD8C0CEE" bold="true" box="[199,612,1477,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Description. General appearance.</emphasis>
Body longer than wide, length 4.0–
<quantity id="4CAA9B7FD674FFD27A7CFA45FB900CD1" box="[1051,1144,1477,1504]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="208" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
, compact, robust, broad, flattened, surface without ridges, tubercles or spines (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27C81FA69FC880F32" box="[742,864,1513,1539]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,279,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-62@5.[151,1435,272,1859]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Undarobius habitus and mouthparts. 9–10, 12—U. howarthi sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♂) 9–10: dorsal, 12: lateral aspect; 11, 13—U. irvini sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♀) 11: dorsal, 13: lateral aspect; 14– 16—U. howarthi sp. n. ♀, mouthparts, 14: labium, ventral view, 15: left mandible, dorsal view, 16: right maxilla, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225804/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Figs. 9–13</figureCitation>
). Rostrum and legs relatively long. Integument pale ferrugineous (reddish-brown) to dark brown, sparsely to densely covered with appressed, pale yellowish-brown, fluted squamae (scales) and sparse, short, erect to suberect, truncate or acute setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED369AD674FFD17EA0F9D5FC6109E4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1261,2008]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1905]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D674FFD27EA0F9D5FEE60F5E" bold="true" box="[199,270,1621,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Head.</emphasis>
Rostrum (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27FEFF9D5FE340F5E" box="[392,476,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) ca. 3 × longer than head, oval in cross-section. Epistome slightly projecting, short, apex asymmetrically emarginate medially, base with two epistomal setae. Frons (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27A7CF9F9FB830FA2" box="[1051,1131,1657,1683]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) indistinct, slightly domed, triangular, surface with microsculpture near apex, otherwise smooth. Epifrons (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27A40F91DFB930F86" box="[1063,1147,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
) with indistinct but deep median groove in anterior third (between antennal sockets), asulcate in basal two thirds. Antennal sockets (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27B5FF941FA7C0FEA" box="[1336,1428,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
) large, not reaching rostral apex, closed laterally and open dorsally. Scrobes (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27D9EF965FBA40FCE" box="[1017,1100,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) lateral, shallow, broad, short (not extending to base of rostrum), borders poorly demarcated. Eyes absent, location marked by small glabrous area (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27EC7F8ADFF1A0E76" box="[160,242,1837,1863]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B926EA88D674FFD27F61F8ADFE910E76" bold="true" box="[262,377,1837,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Antennae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27FEFF8ADFE310E76" box="[392,473,1837,1863]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) long, inserted near rostral apex; scapes slightly shorter than funicle and club; funicles 7-segmented, segment 1 shorter than 2, expanded apicad, 3–7 subequal, moniliform.
<emphasis id="B926EA88D674FFD27AE6F8D1FAF80E5A" bold="true" box="[1153,1296,1873,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Mouthparts</emphasis>
imperfectly adelognathous, with maxillary stipites exposed next to base of prementum (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27D9EF8F5FBB80EBE" box="[1017,1104,1909,1935]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
); mandibles (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27A8DF8F5FAD60EA1" box="[1258,1342,1909,1936]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,279,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-62@5.[151,1435,272,1859]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Undarobius habitus and mouthparts. 9–10, 12—U. howarthi sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♂) 9–10: dorsal, 12: lateral aspect; 11, 13—U. irvini sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♀) 11: dorsal, 13: lateral aspect; 14– 16—U. howarthi sp. n. ♀, mouthparts, 14: labium, ventral view, 15: left mandible, dorsal view, 16: right maxilla, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225804/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) robust, externally paucisetose, with four long and two smaller setae, small subtriangular scar of deciduous cusp present in ventral position; maxillae (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD674FFD27FAEF83DFDF30EE9" box="[457,539,1981,2008]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,279,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-62@5.[151,1435,272,1859]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Undarobius habitus and mouthparts. 9–10, 12—U. howarthi sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♂) 9–10: dorsal, 12: lateral aspect; 11, 13—U. irvini sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♀) 11: dorsal, 13: lateral aspect; 14– 16—U. howarthi sp. n. ♀, mouthparts, 14: labium, ventral view, 15: left mandible, dorsal view, 16: right maxilla, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225804/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="208">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
) with single apical lobe and 3-segmented palpus, segments 1 and 2 transverse, 2 half as long as 1, 3 conical and surrounded by digitiform sensilla; prementum (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17A5BFF17FB740980" box="[1084,1180,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,279,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-62@5.[151,1435,272,1859]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Undarobius habitus and mouthparts. 9–10, 12—U. howarthi sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♂) 9–10: dorsal, 12: lateral aspect; 11, 13—U. irvini sp. n. (SL 3.8 mm, ♀) 11: dorsal, 13: lateral aspect; 14– 16—U. howarthi sp. n. ♀, mouthparts, 14: labium, ventral view, 15: left mandible, dorsal view, 16: right maxilla, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17ACDFF17FB2F0980" box="[1194,1223,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">20</figureCitation>
) slightly enlarged, subhexagonal, flat, asetose, labial palpi 2-segmented, ligula absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED369AD677FFD17EA0FF5FFA990BFC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17EA0FF5FFECF09C8" bold="true" box="[199,295,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Thorax.</emphasis>
Prothorax (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17FD2FF5FFDE409C8" box="[437,524,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
) about as long as wide, narrowing apicad from apical third, apically slightly constricted, forming a slight ring ventrally, anterolateral margins without ocular lobe or fringe of fine setae; pronotum slightly convex. Procoxal cavities (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17CF5FEA7FD0B0870" box="[658,739,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
) circular, medially contiguous, broadly interrupting prosternal process. Mesocoxal cavities circular (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17C58FECBFD7A0857" box="[575,658,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
), laterally closed by meso- and metaventrites, separated by about 0.7 × their width. Mesanepisterna and mesepimera fused but suture between them distinct. Elytra slightly longer than their joint width, medially fused but suture visible, fine, sides evenly rounded, with 10 complete striae of small, widely spaced punctures; interstriae flat, with single row of sparse, erect, spatulate setae. Metanepisterna fused to metaventrite but metanepisternal suture present as deep groove through most of their length; metepimera not exposed. Scutellar shield small, triangular, slightly convex, denuded. Wingless.
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17A54FE7FFB9A0B28" bold="true" box="[1075,1138,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Legs.</emphasis>
Coxae with conspicuous, long stiff seta directed ventrad; procoxae (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17C1FFDA3FD230B0C" box="[632,715,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–25" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,189,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[157,1429,181,1789]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–25. Undarobius howarthi sp. n., ♂, structural details. 17—head, dorsal view; 18—head, ventral view; 19—head, lateral view; 20—mouthparts, ventral view; 21—apex of rostrum, dorsal view; 22—left antenna, dorsal view; 23—prothorax, ventral view; 24—prothorax, dorsal view; 25—elytra, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225806/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
) globular, medially contiguous. Trochanters obliquely truncate, without single long seta. Femora (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17C74FDC7FD710B50" box="[531,665,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Figs. 28–30</figureCitation>
) slender, subcylindrical, conspicuously inflated in distal third. Tibiae long, terete, subcylindrical; protibiae (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17C2EFDEBFD740BB4" box="[585,668,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
) slightly bent inwards apically, meso- and metatibiae (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17B6BFDEBFA7C0BB4" box="[1292,1428,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Figs. 29–30</figureCitation>
) straight; tibial apex with small mucro surrounded by scattered setae, without spurs, without bevel or corbel; tarsi with segment 1 longer than wide, enlarged apicad, 2 moniliform, 3 deeply lobed, claws simple, free, divergent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED369AD677FFD17EA0FD56FB4F0D68" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17EA0FD56FEAB0BC1" bold="true" box="[199,323,726,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Ventrites (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17FDAFD57FDE70BC0" box="[445,527,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
) jointly subtriangular, 1 and 2 connate but suture between them distinct, arcuate, 3–5 free;
<quantity id="4CAA9B7FD677FFD17F6FFD7BFEDE0A24" box="[264,310,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
middle ca. 1.6 × longer than 2, with broad, subtruncate intercoxal process, 2 ca. 2 × longer than 3 and 4, these subequal in length, 5 longer than 3 and 4; sexual dimorphism slight, in male ventrites 1 and 2 less convex and 5 shorter, more broadly rounded.
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17CB4FCC3FC740A6D" bold="true" box="[723,924,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Male terminalia.</emphasis>
Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17A45FCC3FB420A6C" box="[1058,1194,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Figs. 31–32</figureCitation>
) of pedal
<typeStatus id="54E98838D677FFD17B47FCC3FABC0A6C" box="[1312,1364,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">type</typeStatus>
; penis tubular, narrowing apicad, apex roundly acuminate, temones (apodemes) shorter than body, attached to its base in dorsal position; tegmen without parameres; endophallus without flagellum or internal sclerite; sternite VIII with hemisternites forming one plate, sternite IX with basal plate divided and subtriangular, with long apodeme (spiculum gastrale).
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17F1CFC53FDB40ADD" bold="true" box="[379,604,978,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Female terminalia.</emphasis>
Ovipositor (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17C8FFC53FCD10ADC" box="[744,825,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
) short, weakly sclerotised, without baculi (rods); distal gonocoxites cylindrical, with apical third setose, apex with short setose stylus; spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17ADDFC77FAE50D20" box="[1210,1293,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
) sclerotised, hook-shaped, without distinct nodulus, ramus or collum, spermathecal gland sac-like, about as long as spermatheca, duct short; sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="13692A1FD677FFD17FC9FBBFFE170D68" box="[430,511,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 26–36" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,183,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[156,1432,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 26–36. Undarobius species, structural details. 26–34 U. howarthi sp. n., 26—pterothorax and elytra, ventral view; 27—ventrites, ♂, ventral view; 28—foreleg; 29—middle leg; 30—hindleg; 31—penis, dorsal view; 32—penis, lateral view; 33—sternite VIII, ♀, ventral view; 34—ovipositor, ventral view; 35—spermatheca; 36—U. irvini sp. n., spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5225808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5225808/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
) with broad, spatulate plate and long thin spiculum ventrale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED369AD677FFD17EA0FBE2FD580DF4" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17EA0FBE2FE5C0D4C" bold="true" box="[199,436,1122,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
The name of the genus is derived from the locality of the two known species, the Undara Volcanic National Park, and the Greek noun
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17CFCFB07FD220D90" box="[667,714,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">bios</emphasis>
, meaning life; its gender is masculine. The name Undara is an Ewamian Aboriginal word meaning ‘long way’.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3486511D677FFD17EA0FB4EFDB30E40" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BED369AD677FFD17EA0FB4EFECB0F44" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17EA0FB4EFEA70DD9" bold="true" box="[199,335,1230,1256]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Comments.</emphasis>
Elwood Zimmerman (1912–2004) deemed these weevils to be a new genus of the former subfamily ‘Rhytirhininae’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD677FFD17F34FB73FE130C3C" author="Howarth, F. G." box="[339,507,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" pagination="76 - 84" refId="ref8728" refString="Howarth, F. G. (1988) Environmental ecology of North Queensland caves: or why there are so many troglobites in Australia. In: Pearson, L. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 17 th Biennial (Tropicon) Conference. Australian Speleological Federation, Cairns, pp. 76 - 84." type="book chapter" year="1988">Howarth 1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD677FFD17C6EFB73FCF10C3C" author="Howarth, F. G. &amp; Stone, F. D." box="[521,793,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" pagination="207 - 218" refId="ref8681" refString="Howarth, F. G. &amp; Stone, F. D. (1990) Elevated carbon dioxide levels in Bayliss Cave, Australia: implications for the evolution of obligate cave species. Pacific Science, 44 (3), 207 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Howarth &amp; Stone 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD677FFD17D40FB73FC430C3C" author="Stone, F. D." box="[807,939,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" pagination="47 - 58" refId="ref9938" refString="Stone, F. D. (2010) Bayliss Lava Tube and the discovery of a rich cave fauna in tropical Australia. In: Middleton, G. J. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14 th International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology. Organising Group, 14 th International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology, 2010, pp. 47 - 58." type="journal article" year="2010">Stone 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD677FFD17DDEFB73FB6B0C3C" author="Stone, F. D. &amp; Howarth, F. G. &amp; Hoch, H. &amp; Ashe, M." box="[953,1155,1267,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" pagination="658 - 664" refId="ref10003" refString="Stone, F. D., Howarth, F. G., Hoch, H. &amp; Ashe, M. (2012) Root communities in lava tubes. In: White, W. B. &amp; Culver, D. C. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Caves. 2 nd Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 658 - 664. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 383832 - 2.00097 - 9" type="book chapter" year="2012">
Stone
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17A65FB73FBDE0C3C" box="[1026,1078,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
), but their possession of deciduous mandibular cusps (the break planes clearly visible as flat scars) and adelognathous mouthparts (albeit imperfectly) demonstrates that they belong in the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D677FFD17D35FABBFC2D0C64" box="[850,965,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entiminae">Entiminae</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17DBEFABBFBFF0C65" box="[985,1047,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD677FFD17A46FABBFAF80C64" author="Marvaldi, A. E. &amp; Lanteri, A. A. &amp; Rio, M. G. &amp; Oberprieler, R. G." box="[1057,1296,1339,1365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" pagination="1823" refId="ref9348" refString="Marvaldi, A. E., Lanteri, A. A., del Rio, M. G. &amp; Oberprieler, R. G. (2014) 3.7. 5 Entiminae Schoenherr, 1823. In: Leschen, R. A. B. &amp; Beutel, R. G. (Eds.), Handbook of Zoology. Arthropoda: Insecta. Coleoptera, Beetles. Vol. 3. Morphology and Systematics (Phytophaga). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston, pp. 503 - 522." type="book chapter" year="2014">
Marvaldi
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17AF6FABBFB2D0C64" box="[1169,1221,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
) rather than
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D677FFD17EF0FADFFEF60C48" baseAuthorityName="Oberprieler" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[151,286,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclominae">Cyclominae</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17F57FADFFE860C49" box="[304,366,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD677FFD17F10FADFFDD30C48" author="Oberprieler, R. G." box="[375,571,1375,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref9570" refString="Oberprieler, R. G. (2010) A reclassification of the weevil subfamily Cyclominae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa, 2515 (1), 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2515.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Oberprieler 2010</bibRefCitation>
, 2014), in which the
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D677FFD17D49FADFFC280C48" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1863" box="[814,960,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhythirrinini">Rhythirrinini</taxonomicName>
are now included as a tribe. In the key to the tribes of Australian
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D677FFD17FC3FA03FDFF0CAC" box="[420,535,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entiminae">Entiminae</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD677FFD17C58FA03FC2F0CAC" author="Oberprieler, R. G. &amp; Zimmerman, E. C." box="[575,967,1411,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" refId="ref9691" refString="Oberprieler, R. G. &amp; Zimmerman, E. C. (2020) Australian Weevils. Vol. IV. Obituary: Elwood Curtin Zimmerman, 1912 - 2004; Curculionidae: Entiminae. Part I. Literature Consulted II. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, xiv + 664 pp." type="book" year="2020">Oberprieler &amp; Zimmerman (2020)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D677FFD17DB3FA03FBB10CAC" authorityName="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityYear="2021" box="[980,1113,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Undarobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17DB3FA03FBB10CAC" box="[980,1113,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Undarobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
runs to the large and poorly constituted tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D677FFD17F32FA27FE250CF0" authorityName="Oke" authorityYear="1951" box="[341,461,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptopiini">Leptopiini</taxonomicName>
, but it shares no obvious characters with any known leptopiine genus in
<collectingCountry id="F345760AD677FFD17B62FA27FA840CF0" box="[1285,1388,1447,1473]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Australia</collectingCountry>
and appears to occupy an isolated position in this tribe. No other anophthalmic leptopiines are known from
<collectingCountry id="F345760AD677FFD17B48FA4BFA710CD4" box="[1327,1433,1483,1509]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Australia</collectingCountry>
, although reduced eyes occur in the small genus
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D677FFD17CC9FA6FFCA50F38" authority="Lea" authorityName="Lea" authorityYear="1926" box="[686,845,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Howeocis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17CC9FA6FFCF40F39" box="[686,796,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Howeocis</emphasis>
Lea
</taxonomicName>
(a relative of the large terricolous genus
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D677FFD17B71FA6FFF140F1F" authority="Erichson" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1842" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mandalotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17B71FA6FFA740F38" box="[1302,1436,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Mandalotus</emphasis>
Erichson
</taxonomicName>
) and in several other similar leaf-litter species.
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D677FFD17D46F993FC4E0F1C" authorityName="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityYear="2021" box="[801,934,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Undarobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17D46F993FC4E0F1C" box="[801,934,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Undarobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently comprises two species, but others may yet be discovered in other caves of the Undara Lava Cave system and perhaps in other cave systems in northern
<collectingRegion id="4996F878D677FFD17EF0F9DBFEF70F44" box="[151,287,1627,1653]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Queensland</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BED369AD677FFD17EA0F9FFFDB30E40" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D677FFD17EA0F9FFFEA40FA8" authorityName="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,332,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Undarobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17EA0F9FFFEA40FA8" box="[199,332,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Undarobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a most unusual shape for a cavernicolous weevil, being broad and flat with long legs, almost spider-like. Other anophthalmic cave weevils, in particular entimines such as the various Palaearctic
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D677FFD17A98F923FA740F8C" authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1826" box="[1279,1436,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Otiorhynchini">Otiorhynchini</taxonomicName>
(see,
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17EB5F947FF120FD1" box="[210,250,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">e.g.</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD677FFD17F6FF947FE130FD0" author="Osella, G. &amp; Zuppa, A. M." box="[264,507,1735,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" pagination="1123 - 1130" refId="ref9774" refString="Osella, G. &amp; Zuppa, A. M. (1998) Coleoptera Curculionoidea. In: Juberthie, C. &amp; Decu, V. (Eds.), Encyclopaedia Biospeleologica. Tome II. Socieitei de Biospeiologie, Moulis-Bucharest, pp. 1123 - 1130." type="book chapter" year="1998">Osella &amp; Zuppa 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD677FFD17C61F947FD7E0FD0" author="Hlavac, P." box="[518,662,1735,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" pagination="189 - 200" refId="ref8499" refString="Hlavac, P. (2011) Endogean and cavernicolous Coleoptera of the Balkans. XI. Revision of the subgenus Troglorhynchus Reitter of the genus Otiorhynchus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae). Natura Croatica, 20 (1), 189 - 200." type="journal article" year="2011">Hlavac 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD677FFD17CC7F947FC230FD0" author="Hlavac, P. &amp; Skuhrovec, J." box="[672,971,1735,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" pagination="129 - 138" refId="ref8547" refString="Hlavac, P. &amp; Skuhrovec, J. (2016) Endogean and cavernicolous Coleoptera of the Balkans. XV. A new species of the genus Ioniorhynchus Magrini, Meoli &amp; Abbazzi, 2005 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) from Greece. Zootaxa, 4092 (2), 129 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4092.1.8" type="journal article" year="2016">Hlavac &amp; Skuhrovec 2016</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD677FFD17DB1F947FB780FD0" author="Bello, C. &amp; Colonnelli, E. &amp; Forbicioni, L. &amp; Osella, G. &amp; Ruzzier, E." box="[982,1168,1735,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" pagination="69 - 84" refId="ref8082" refString="Bello, C., Colonnelli, E., Forbicioni, L., Osella, G. &amp; Ruzzier, E. (2021) A new genus and species of anophthalmous Otiorhynchini from Greece, with a new synonymy and new combinations (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Entiminae). Zootaxa, 4938 (1), 69 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4938.1.3" type="journal article" year="2021">
Bello
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. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D677FFD17AA9F947FAB50FD0" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1863" box="[1230,1373,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Laparocerini">Laparocerini</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17B0AF947FA7D0FD1" box="[1389,1429,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">e.g.</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD677FFD17EF0F96BFEA20E34" author="Machado, A." box="[151,330,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" pagination="57 - 90" refId="ref9169" refString="Machado, A. (2011 a) Nuevos taxones de Laparocerus Schoenherr, 1834 de El Hierro y La Gomera, islas Canarias (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminiae). Graellsia, 67 (1), 57 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / graellsia. 2011. v 67.043" type="journal article" year="2011">Machado 2011a</bibRefCitation>
–b,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B6BD677FFD17F15F96BFDB00E34" author="Machado, A. &amp; Rodriguez-Exposito, E. &amp; Lopez, M. &amp; Hernandez, M." box="[370,600,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref9283" refString="Machado, A., Rodriguez-Exposito, E., Lopez, M. &amp; Hernandez, M. (2017) Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Laparocerus, with comments on colonisation and diversification in Macaronesia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). ZooKeys, 651, 1 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 651.10097" type="journal article" year="2017">
Machado
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17F87F96BFDF90E34" box="[480,529,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
) are usually shaped like their epigean relatives or narrow and elongate with normal-sized legs. The peculiar shape of
<taxonomicName id="4C524D19D677FFD17C09F88FFD1B0E18" authorityName="Escalona &amp; Oberprieler" authorityYear="2021" box="[622,755,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Undarobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B926EA88D677FFD17C09F88FFD1B0E18" box="[622,755,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="209">Undarobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggests a specialised life style, possibly of crawling along the walls and even roofs of caves or among the root tresses hanging from the cave roofs, but no observations of the habits of the species are available so far.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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