155 lines
16 KiB
XML
155 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="BFA737F8509B52B095594E9A738B1826" ID-CLB-Dataset="21232" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4608.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c4d067fa-4c56-4248-8084-caf4dd1eea21" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3993611" ID-ZooBank="3540218C-34FA-4D91-925A-3E89C6C3A7C1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597950731833" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Venugopal, Akhil S. & Thomas, Sabu K." docDate="2019" docId="03FB8782FFFB775D4AFEFCC93702F85F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4608.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4608 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pheropsophus aptinoides Chaudoir 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FFC2FFFAFFF8775E4A69FFAD3561FE32" masterDocTitle="Bombardier beetles of the genus Pheropsophus Solier 1833 (Carabidae: Brachininae: Brachinini) from Indian subcontinent" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1698845024281" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="79A578005549337870D8162B068264DC">Bombardier beetles of the genus Pheropsophus Solier 1833 (Carabidae: Brachininae: Brachinini) from Indian subcontinent</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E8132A5834812B288E21B920C34D12CD">Venugopal, Akhil S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="041119EC16C4613685461CA1092D03B0">Thomas, Sabu K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="17FA18FCB204F5A8BFD4AF7E4772613A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CF6C65B94F4F0E024FC9420FF4D80662">
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<mods:date id="2E307542D9CB55238832219817239304">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9C1C74BCB19C5E3BEA389F25A7D1122B">2019-05-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4BB4C55EFE6A3BB13D5B66C9F9436892">4608</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="68ADEA251CFF847230280D6E3FAC34D6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4608.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FB8782FFFB775D4AFEFCC93702F85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335087" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167284776" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4335087" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8782FFFB775D4AFEFCC93702F85F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB8782FFFB775D4AFEFCC93702F85F" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<subSubSection id="C348651FFFFB775D4AFEFCC937DAFD4C" box="[151,699,868,895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AFEFCC937DAFD4C" blockId="3.[151,699,868,931]" box="[151,699,868,895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<heading id="D0A581F8FFFB775D4AFEFCC937DAFD4C" bold="true" box="[151,699,868,895]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFB775D4AFEFCC937DAFD4C" ID-CoL="4G388" authority="CHAUDOIR, 1876" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,699,868,895]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptinoides">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AFEFCC937DAFD4C" bold="true" box="[151,699,868,895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AFEFCC934A6FD4D" bold="true" box="[151,455,868,895]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Pheropsophus aptinoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4BA6FCC937DAFD4C" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[463,699,868,894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" pagination="11 - 104" refId="ref18920" refString="Chaudoir, M. (1876) Monographie de Brachynides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 19, 11 - 104." type="journal article" year="1876">CHAUDOIR, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348651FFFFB775D4AFEFC253464FD91" box="[151,261,904,931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AFEFC253464FD91" blockId="3.[151,699,868,931]" box="[151,261,904,931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13692A11FFFB775D4AC9FC25359DFD91" box="[160,252,904,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1869,1894]" captionTargetBox="[205,1381,207,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1392,196,1829]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus of Pheropsophus from India – A) Pheropsophus andrewesi (Holotype, ‘India: Assam’, ZMHB), B) P. aptinoides (Holotype, ‘East Indies’, MNHN), C) P. bimaculatus (Holotype, ‘Ind.Or.’, LSUK), D) P. cardoni (Syntype, ‘Chota Nagpore, Nowatoli’, ZMHB), E) P. catoirei (Holotype, ‘Bengalia’, MNHN), F) P. chaudoiri (Holotype, ‘Nepal’, BMNH), G) P. consularis (Syntype, ‘Burma’, NMPC), H) P. javanus (Holotype, ‘Java’, MNHN), I) P. lineifrons (Holotype, ‘Ind.Or.’, ZMHB)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3993613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3993613/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fig. 1 B</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348651FFFFB775D4AFEFC61346BFA63" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AFEFC61306EFDD7" blockId="3.[151,1295,972,997]" box="[151,1295,972,997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4211BAFFFB775D4AFEFC61306EFDD7" box="[151,1295,972,997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF31085FFFB775D4AFEFC613702FDD6" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[151,611,972,997]" page="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" year="1876">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFFB775D4AFEFC613702FDD6" ID-CoL="4G388" authority="Chaudoir, 1876: 19" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityPageNumber="19" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,611,972,997]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptinoides">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AFEFC6134F9FDD6" box="[151,408,972,996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Pheropsophus aptinoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4BF4FC613702FDD6" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[413,611,972,997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" pagination="11 - 104" refId="ref18920" refString="Chaudoir, M. (1876) Monographie de Brachynides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 19, 11 - 104." type="journal article" year="1876">Chaudoir, 1876: 19</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF31085FFFB775D4807FC613643FDD7" author="Heller, K. M." box="[622,802,972,997]" page="246" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" year="1903">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4807FC613643FDD7" author="Heller, K. M." box="[622,802,972,997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" pagination="241 - 248" refId="ref19554" refString="Heller, K. M. (1903) Uber Indo-Malayische Carabidae: Lioptera und Pheropsophus. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 47, 241 - 248." type="journal article" year="1903">Heller, 1903: 246</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF31085FFFB775D4942FC613166FDD6" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[811,1031,972,997]" page="270" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" year="1930">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4942FC613166FDD6" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[811,1031,972,997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes, 1930: 270</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF31085FFFB775D4E7BFC61306BFDD7" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[1042,1290,972,997]" page="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D4E7BFC61306BFDD7" author="Kirschenhofer, E." box="[1042,1290,972,997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" pagination="25 - 64" refId="ref19906" refString="Kirschenhofer, E. (2010) New and Little known species of Carabidae from Middle East and Southeast Asia (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini, Brachinini). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 102, 25 - 64." type="journal article" year="2010">Kirschenhofer, 2010: 55</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AFEFBBF346BFA63" blockId="3.[151,1437,1042,1645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AFEFBBF34B7FA1F" bold="true" box="[151,470,1042,1069]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Specimens examined (n=1)</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CC9FFFB775D4B8CFBBE346BFA63" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846550341" collectionCode="MNHN" location="Exact" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54E98836FFFB775D4B8CFBBE372CFA1F" box="[485,589,1043,1069]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(by monotypy); “East Indies, MS. Stevens” (
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<location id="8E8D604FFFFB775D4E21FBBE31EBFA1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8782FFFB775D4AFEFCC93702F85F:8E8D604FFFFB775D4E21FBBE31EBFA1F" box="[1096,1162,1043,1069]" name="Exact" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Exact</location>
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locality unknown); type in
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<collectionCode id="ED43AE51FFFB775D4ADDFB9A346BFA63" box="[180,266,1079,1105]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">MNHN</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C348651FFFFB775D4AAEFBF73600F814" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AAEFBF73743FA47" blockId="3.[151,1437,1042,1645]" box="[199,546,1114,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AAEFBF73438FA47" bold="true" box="[199,345,1114,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Description.</emphasis>
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Length: 20.0 mm
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AAEFBD33761FB37" blockId="3.[151,1437,1042,1645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AAEFBD3347AFAAB" bold="true" box="[199,283,1150,1177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Colour</emphasis>
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: Head both above and below, middle of the metasternum, base of the antennae, trochanters and legs reddish-yellow; pronotum and prosternum, elytra as well as a spot on apex of mesofemur and metafemur, black; elytra with the apical margin yellow, colour extends along the striations; antennae with only the scape (1
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<superScript id="7C279BDCFFFB775D4F4DFB6B304EFAE6" attach="left" box="[1316,1327,1222,1236]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">st</superScript>
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segment) reddish yellow, rest dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AAEFAA236EEFB1B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1042,1645]" box="[199,911,1295,1321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AAEFAA23471FB1B" bold="true" box="[199,272,1295,1321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Head:</emphasis>
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Large; antennae slender; eyes protruding; neck wrinkled
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AAEFA9E36EEFB43" blockId="3.[151,1437,1042,1645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AAEFA9E3428FB7F" bold="true" box="[199,329,1331,1357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Pronotum:</emphasis>
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Anterior margin convex, basal margin concave, lateral margin convex in anterior 3/4
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<superScript id="7C279BDCFFFB775D4F66FA9C307DFB0D" attach="right" box="[1295,1308,1329,1343]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">th</superScript>
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, straight in posterior 1/4
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<superScript id="7C279BDCFFFB775D4B4CFAF83453FB51" attach="none" box="[293,306,1365,1379]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">th</superScript>
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, narrowed towards the base, disc smooth and convex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AAEFAD63791FB8B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1042,1645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AAEFAD6347CFBA7" bold="true" box="[199,285,1403,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Elytra:</emphasis>
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Elongated, convex on sides, width increasing towards apex; humerus obliterate; surface flat; striations narrow, shallow, separated by flat intervals, aciculate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AAEFA6E345FF833" blockId="3.[151,1437,1042,1645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AAEFA6E3469FBEF" bold="true" box="[199,264,1475,1501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Legs:</emphasis>
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Apex of femur with black spot; tibiae with spines arranged in rows; tarsi with brownish black ring at its posterior edge.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AAEF9A73600F814" blockId="3.[151,1437,1042,1645]" box="[199,865,1546,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AAEF9A73764F817" bold="true" box="[199,517,1546,1573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
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Eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F3457604FFFB775D480EF9A637C0F817" box="[615,673,1547,1573]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFFB775D48C7F9A63638F814" author="Chaudoir, M." box="[686,857,1547,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" pagination="11 - 104" refId="ref18920" refString="Chaudoir, M. (1876) Monographie de Brachynides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 19, 11 - 104." type="journal article" year="1876">Chaudoir 1876</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348651FFFFB775D4AAEF9823702F85F" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFFB775D4AAEF9823702F85F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1042,1645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFFB775D4AAEF982345AF87B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1583,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species may have not been recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="F3457604FFFB775D4938F98236EAF87B" box="[849,907,1583,1609]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">India</collectingCountry>
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as ‘East Indies’ as the
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<typeStatus id="54E98836FFFB775D4EE0F98231D8F87B" box="[1161,1209,1583,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
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locality could mean any locality in South and Southeast Asia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |