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<mods:title id="07628D46078C8552462BB7508F11CA80">Gomphidae of Guangdong &amp; Hong Kong, China (Odonata: Anisoptera) 2177</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE4FF937586FC89EE3C5633" ID-CoL="3ZL6Z" authority="(Needham 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Needham" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[151,625,837,863]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Melligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ardens">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE4FF937586FC89EE3C5633" bold="true" box="[151,625,837,863]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE4FF937586FC89EDD05633" bold="true" box="[151,413,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Melligomphus ardens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE4FF9374BCFC89EE245633" author="Needham, J. G." box="[429,617,837,863]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref31840" refString="Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Zoologia Sinica 11 (1), i - xi, 1 - 344, 2 figs, 20 pls." type="journal article" year="1930">Needham 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6572FFE4FF937586FCA4ED9B56EE" box="[151,470,872,898]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFA36F9FFE4FF937586FCA4ED9B56EE" blockId="35.[151,625,837,898]" box="[151,470,872,898]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<figureCitation id="137E2A7CFFE4FF937586FCA4ECB856EE" box="[151,245,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-61@36.[176,1409,197,1908]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 18(ai): Melligomphus ardens, Guangdong, ♂. (a) head, frontal, (b) synthorax and basal abdomen, lateral, (c) synthorax, dorsal, (d) caudal abdomen, ventral, (e) caudal abdomen, dorsal, (f) caudal abdomen, lateral, (g) anterior hamulus, (h) posterior hamulus, (i) base of hindwing." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
(ai),
<figureCitation id="137E2A7CFFE4FF93742AFCA4EDD456EE" box="[315,409,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="37.[151,259,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-83@37.[190,1403,194,1878]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 19(af): Melligomphus. [ac] Melligomphus ardens, Fujian, ♂, from Chao (1953) as Onychogomphus ardens— (a) forewing, (b) hindwing, (c) penile organ; (d) Onychogomphus sinicus, ♂, penile organ, from Chao (1990), (e) Melligomphus cataractus, ♂, penile organ, from Chao (1990), (g) Onychogomphus sinicus, ♂, hamuli, from Chao (1990), (f) Melligomphus ludens, ♂, penile organ, from Chao (1990)." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 19</figureCitation>
(ac)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6572FFE4FF937586FC79ED8651B4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFA36F9FFE4FF937586FC79E8245680" blockId="35.[151,1436,949,1132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE4FF937586FC79EE0356A0" ID-CoL="9X3T9" authority="Needham 1930" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,590,949,972]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Onychogomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ardens">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE4FF937586FC79EDD656A0" box="[151,411,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Onychogomphus ardens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE4FF9374B4FC79EE0356A0" author="Needham, J. G." box="[421,590,949,972]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref31840" refString="Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Zoologia Sinica 11 (1), i - xi, 1 - 344, 2 figs, 20 pls." type="journal article" year="1930">Needham 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE4FF93774DFC79EF7B56A0" author="Needham, J. G." box="[604,822,949,972]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref31840" refString="Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Zoologia Sinica 11 (1), i - xi, 1 - 344, 2 figs, 20 pls." type="journal article" year="1930">Needham (1930: 39</bibRefCitation>
pl. 5. figs 77a,
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE4FF9376E8FC79E80F56A0" box="[1017,1090,949,972]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fujian</collectingRegion>
); Chao (1953: 152, figs 150,
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE4FF9375D6FC19ED5D5680" box="[199,272,981,1004]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fujian</collectingRegion>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE4FF937433FC19ED9A5680" author="Chao, H. - F." box="[290,471,981,1004]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="399 - 426" refId="ref29392" refString="Chao, H. - F. (1954) Classification of Chinese dragonflies of the family Gomphidae. II - IV. Acta entomologica sinica, 4, 23 - 82, 213 - 275, 399 - 426." type="journal article" year="1954">Chao (1954: 257</bibRefCitation>
, figs 413426); Sui &amp; Sun (1986: 9698, figs 64ag,
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE4FF937105FC19E8105680" box="[1044,1117,981,1004]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fujian</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36F9FFE4FF937586FC39EEB05160" blockId="35.[151,1436,949,1132]" box="[151,765,1013,1036]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5511D7FFE4FF937586FC39EEB05160" box="[151,765,1013,1036]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE4FF937586FC39EDEA5160" ID-CoL="9X33X" baseAuthorityName="Martin" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[151,423,1013,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Lamelligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelus">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE4FF937586FC39EDEA5160" box="[151,423,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Lamelligomphus camelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nec Martin:
<treatmentCitation id="0AE410E8FFE4FF937721FC39EEB45160" author="Fraser, F. C." box="[560,761,1013,1036]" page="340" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE4FF937721FC39EEB45160" author="Fraser, F. C." box="[560,761,1013,1036]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="333 - 341" refId="ref30930" refString="Fraser, F. C. (1942) Notes on the genus Heliogomphus Laidlaw, with descriptions of two new species (Odonata). Transactions of the Royal entolomological Society of London, 92 (2), 333 - 341." type="journal article" year="1942">Fraser (1942: 340)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36F9FFE4FF937586FBD9EEA95100" blockId="35.[151,1436,949,1132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5511D7FFE4FF937586FBD9EEA95100" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE4FF937586FBD9EE0C5140" ID-CoL="3ZL6Z" authority="(Needham 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Needham" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[151,577,1045,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Melligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ardens">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE4FF937586FBD9EDCD5140" box="[151,384,1045,1068]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Melligomphus ardens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE4FF93749EFBD9EE745140" author="Needham, J. G." box="[399,569,1045,1068]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref31840" refString="Needham, J. G. (1930) A manual of the dragonflies of China. Zoologia Sinica 11 (1), i - xi, 1 - 344, 2 figs, 20 pls." type="journal article" year="1930">Needham 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AE410E8FFE4FF93775FFBD9EF715140" author="Chao, H. - F. &amp; Zhao, X. - F." box="[590,828,1045,1068]" page="370" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE4FF93775FFBD9EF715140" author="Chao, H. - F. &amp; Zhao, X. - F." box="[590,828,1045,1068]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref29620" refString="Chao, H. - F. [= Zhao, X. - F.] (1990) The gomphid dragonflies of China (Odonata: Gomphidae). The Science and Technology Publishing House, Fuzhou, Fujian. [In Chinese; English summary and keys]." type="book" year="1990">Chao (1990: 370374</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 113,
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE4FF9376ACFBD9E8BB5140" box="[957,1270,1045,1068]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fujian, Guizhou &amp; Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0AE410E8FFE4FF93701BFBD9ED6B5120" author="Zhang, J." page="244" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE4FF93701BFBD9ED6B5120" author="Zhang, J." pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="187 - 300" refId="ref32968" refString="Zhang, J. (1999) Odonata. In: Huang, B. (Ed.) Fauna of insects in Fujian Province of China, vol. 3. Fujian Agricultural University, Fuzhou, pp 187 - 300." type="book chapter" year="1999">Zhang (1999: 244245</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 24.71ai,
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE4FF9374C8FBF9EFE45120" box="[473,937,1077,1100]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou &amp; Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0AE410E8FFE4FF9376D1FBF9E8295120" author="Hua, L." box="[960,1124,1077,1100]" page="11" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE4FF9376D1FBF9E8295120" author="Hua, L." box="[960,1124,1077,1100]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref31009" refString="Hua, L. (2000). List of Chinese Insects Vol. 1. Zhongshan University Press, Guangzhou." type="book" year="2000">Hua (2000: 11</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE4FF937164FBF9EDD95100" isEnumeration="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan &amp; Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0AE410E8FFE4FF9374B7FB99EE215100" author="Wilson, K. D. P." box="[422,620,1109,1132]" page="111" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE4FF9374B7FB99EE215100" author="Wilson, K. D. P." box="[422,620,1109,1132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="107 - 168" refId="ref32697" refString="Wilson, K. D. P. (2005) Odonata of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, part II: Anisoptera. International Journal of Odonatology, 8 (1), 107 - 168." type="journal article" year="2005">Wilson (2005: 111</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE4FF937769FB99EE945100" box="[632,729,1109,1132]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36F9FFE4FF937586FB5BED8651B4" blockId="35.[151,1436,1175,2014]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE4FF937586FB5BED6B51DD" bold="true" box="[151,294,1175,1201]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Specimens:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B2D3CA4FFE4FF93743EFB54ED8A51B4" collectingDate="2002-05-05" collectorName="Yangchun, SW" location="Guangdong" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Guangdong">
<specimenCount id="9D43FD70FFE4FF93743EFB54ED1051DD" box="[303,349,1175,1202]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="male">8 ♂</specimenCount>
(Nos. 21359, 21379, 21318, 21328, 21307, 21339, 21340 &amp; 21320),
<date id="FFFB1039FFE4FF9371B2FB54E95D51DE" box="[1187,1296,1176,1202]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2002-05-05">
<collectingDate id="EFBFE9D1FFE4FF9371B2FB54E95D51DE" box="[1187,1296,1176,1202]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2002-05-05">5 v 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26B0532FFFE4FF93700CFB54EC8E51B4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Yangchun, SW</collectorName>
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE4FF9375DBFB72ED1B51B4" box="[202,342,1214,1240]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
, coll. ZX
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6572FFE4FF9375D4FB29EFC352B2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFA36F9FFE4FF9375D4FB29EDC052DB" blockId="35.[151,1436,1175,2014]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE4FF9375D4FB29ED385193" bold="true" box="[197,373,1253,1279]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description of</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D43FD70FFE4FF93746CFB29EDDE5193" box="[381,403,1253,1279]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="male"></specimenCount>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE4FF9374B5FB29EE085193" author="Chao, H. - F." box="[420,581,1253,1279]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref29353" refString="Chao, H. - F. (1953 b) The external morphology of the dragonfly Onychogomphus ardens Needham. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 122 (6), 1 - 56, figs 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1953">Chao (1953b)</bibRefCitation>
has provided an exhaustive description of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE4FF93712DFB29E8FC5192" baseAuthorityName="Needham" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1084,1201,1253,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Melligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ardens">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE4FF93712DFB29E8FC5192" box="[1084,1201,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. ardens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but in the form of a monograph detailing its external morphology. An abbreviated description is provided here. Male. Labium pale cream with pale brownish edges. Labrum black with a pair of large yellow spots (
<figureCitation id="137E2A7CFFE4FF93719EFAFEE8B95020" box="[1167,1268,1330,1356]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-61@36.[176,1409,197,1908]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 18(ai): Melligomphus ardens, Guangdong, ♂. (a) head, frontal, (b) synthorax and basal abdomen, lateral, (c) synthorax, dorsal, (d) caudal abdomen, ventral, (e) caudal abdomen, dorsal, (f) caudal abdomen, lateral, (g) anterior hamulus, (h) posterior hamulus, (i) base of hindwing." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 18a</figureCitation>
). Anteclypeus yellow, postclypeus black. Antefrons black. Postfrons broadly black at base; distal half occupied by narrowly divided yellow transerse, crest stripe. Synthorax black with a yellow dorsal stripe connected to yellow collar stripe (
<figureCitation id="137E2A7CFFE4FF9375F9FA6AED3B50AC" box="[232,374,1446,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-61@36.[176,1409,197,1908]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 18(ai): Melligomphus ardens, Guangdong, ♂. (a) head, frontal, (b) synthorax and basal abdomen, lateral, (c) synthorax, dorsal, (d) caudal abdomen, ventral, (e) caudal abdomen, dorsal, (f) caudal abdomen, lateral, (g) anterior hamulus, (h) posterior hamulus, (i) base of hindwing." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 18bc</figureCitation>
), the latter narrowly divided at centre. Pair of additional, narrowly isolated, yellow stripes located adjacent and anterior to the collar on the spiracular dorsum (
<figureCitation id="137E2A7CFFE4FF9376ABFA01E852508B" box="[954,1055,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-61@36.[176,1409,197,1908]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 18(ai): Melligomphus ardens, Guangdong, ♂. (a) head, frontal, (b) synthorax and basal abdomen, lateral, (c) synthorax, dorsal, (d) caudal abdomen, ventral, (e) caudal abdomen, dorsal, (f) caudal abdomen, lateral, (g) anterior hamulus, (h) posterior hamulus, (i) base of hindwing." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 18c</figureCitation>
). Small isolated superior yellow spot. Mesepimeron with a broad yellow stripe. Metepisternum black with yellow stripe reduced to small isolated superior spot (below wing base) and small isolated central stripe (
<figureCitation id="137E2A7CFFE4FF937150F9D6E8E55358" box="[1089,1192,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-61@36.[176,1409,197,1908]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 18(ai): Melligomphus ardens, Guangdong, ♂. (a) head, frontal, (b) synthorax and basal abdomen, lateral, (c) synthorax, dorsal, (d) caudal abdomen, ventral, (e) caudal abdomen, dorsal, (f) caudal abdomen, lateral, (g) anterior hamulus, (h) posterior hamulus, (i) base of hindwing." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig 18b</figureCitation>
). Metepimeron and metaposternum yellow. Legs black. Wings hyaline with amber-enfumed bases to triangle. Base of hindwing illustrated in
<figureCitation id="137E2A7CFFE4FF93742BF9A4EDD153EE" box="[314,412,1640,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-61@36.[176,1409,197,1908]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 18(ai): Melligomphus ardens, Guangdong, ♂. (a) head, frontal, (b) synthorax and basal abdomen, lateral, (c) synthorax, dorsal, (d) caudal abdomen, ventral, (e) caudal abdomen, dorsal, (f) caudal abdomen, lateral, (g) anterior hamulus, (h) posterior hamulus, (i) base of hindwing." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 18i</figureCitation>
. Abdomen S1 black above, yellow below. S2 black above with a yellow triangularshaped spot just above the auricle; auricle yellow; ventero-lateral, basal black spot and L-shaped yellow spot at distal, venter-lateral margin. S36 black with a large yellow dorsal, triangular spot at base. Dorsum S8 with pair of prominent, rounded-tipped, conical humps, located at centre of segment (
<figureCitation id="137E2A7CFFE4FF937154F910E883539A" box="[1093,1230,1756,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-61@36.[176,1409,197,1908]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 18(ai): Melligomphus ardens, Guangdong, ♂. (a) head, frontal, (b) synthorax and basal abdomen, lateral, (c) synthorax, dorsal, (d) caudal abdomen, ventral, (e) caudal abdomen, dorsal, (f) caudal abdomen, lateral, (g) anterior hamulus, (h) posterior hamulus, (i) base of hindwing." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 18ef</figureCitation>
). S7 yellow basal half, black distally. S810 black and anal appendages black. Hamules illustrated in
<figureCitation id="137E2A7CFFE4FF93718FF8CEE96B5270" box="[1182,1318,1794,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-61@36.[176,1409,197,1908]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 18(ai): Melligomphus ardens, Guangdong, ♂. (a) head, frontal, (b) synthorax and basal abdomen, lateral, (c) synthorax, dorsal, (d) caudal abdomen, ventral, (e) caudal abdomen, dorsal, (f) caudal abdomen, lateral, (g) anterior hamulus, (h) posterior hamulus, (i) base of hindwing." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CBD9B1CFFE4FF9371C6F8CEE9495270" box="[1239,1284,1794,1820]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="g" value="18.0">18g</quantity>
h
</figureCitation>
. Superior appendages slightly curved at tip but not hooked and reflexed into the inferior appendages as in
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE4FF937586F89CED175205" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,346,1872,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Lamelligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE4FF937586F89CED175205" box="[151,346,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Lamelligomphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Valules prominent, rounded and oblong, illustrated in
<figureCitation id="137E2A7CFFE4FF9376F5F89CE8075206" box="[996,1098,1872,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[176,1408,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-61@36.[176,1409,197,1908]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 18(ai): Melligomphus ardens, Guangdong, ♂. (a) head, frontal, (b) synthorax and basal abdomen, lateral, (c) synthorax, dorsal, (d) caudal abdomen, ventral, (e) caudal abdomen, dorsal, (f) caudal abdomen, lateral, (g) anterior hamulus, (h) posterior hamulus, (i) base of hindwing." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 18d</figureCitation>
. Inferior appendages acutely angled at ventero-basal corner extending well beyond the length of the superior appendages. Penile organ is illutrated in
<figureCitation id="137E2A7CFFE4FF937437F851EDC452DB" box="[294,393,1949,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="37.[151,259,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-83@37.[190,1403,194,1878]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 19(af): Melligomphus. [ac] Melligomphus ardens, Fujian, ♂, from Chao (1953) as Onychogomphus ardens— (a) forewing, (b) hindwing, (c) penile organ; (d) Onychogomphus sinicus, ♂, penile organ, from Chao (1990), (e) Melligomphus cataractus, ♂, penile organ, from Chao (1990), (g) Onychogomphus sinicus, ♂, hamuli, from Chao (1990), (f) Melligomphus ludens, ♂, penile organ, from Chao (1990)." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 19c</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36F9FFE4FF9375D4F80FEFC352B2" blockId="35.[151,1436,1175,2014]" box="[197,910,1987,2014]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE4FF9375D4F80FED9F52B1" bold="true" box="[197,466,1987,2013]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Measurements (mm):</emphasis>
abd. + app. 46.047.0, hw 35.039.0.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3A6671FFE3FF947586F843EE9D5287" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[151,255,1935,1959]" targetBox="[176,1408,197,1908]" targetPageId="36">
<paragraph id="8BFA36F9FFE3FF947586F843EE9D5287" blockId="36.[151,1435,1935,2027]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE3FF947586F843ED1152CB" bold="true" box="[151,348,1935,1959]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 18(ai):</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE3FF947475F85CEE0752CB" baseAuthorityName="Needham" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[356,586,1936,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Melligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ardens">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE3FF947475F85CEE0752CB" box="[356,586,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Melligomphus ardens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Guangdong, ♂. (a) head, frontal, (b) synthorax and basal abdomen, lateral, (c) synthorax, dorsal, (d) caudal abdomen, ventral, (e) caudal abdomen, dorsal, (f) caudal abdomen, lateral, (g) anterior hamulus, (h) posterior hamulus, (i) base of hindwing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3A6671FFE2FF957586F8A1EF345280" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,259,1901,1925]" targetBox="[190,1402,194,1874]" targetPageId="37">
<paragraph id="8BFA36F9FFE2FF957586F8A1EF345280" blockId="37.[151,1436,1901,2029]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE2FF957586F8A1ED2452E9" bold="true" box="[151,361,1901,1925]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 19(af):</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE2FF957463F8A2EE5652E9" box="[370,539,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE2FF957463F8A2EE5A52E9" authorityName="Chao" authorityYear="1990" box="[370,535,1902,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Melligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Melligomphus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
[ac]
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE2FF957777F8A2EF1652E9" baseAuthorityName="Needham" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[614,859,1902,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Melligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ardens">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE2FF957777F8A2EF1652E9" box="[614,859,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Melligomphus ardens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Fujian, ♂, from Chao (1953) as
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE2FF9571CEF8A2EC9252CB" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Onychogomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ardens">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE2FF9571CEF8A2EC9252CB" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Onychogomphus ardens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— (a) forewing, (b) hindwing, (c) penile organ; (d)
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE2FF95761DF85CE85D52CB" authorityName=": Chao" authorityYear="1954" box="[780,1040,1936,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Onychogomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinicus">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE2FF95761DF85CE85D52CB" box="[780,1040,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Onychogomphus sinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♂, penile organ, from
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE2FF95701EF85CE9D552CB" author="Chao, H. - F. &amp; Zhao, X. - F." box="[1295,1432,1936,1959]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref29620" refString="Chao, H. - F. [= Zhao, X. - F.] (1990) The gomphid dragonflies of China (Odonata: Gomphidae). The Science and Technology Publishing House, Fuzhou, Fujian. [In Chinese; English summary and keys]." type="book" year="1990">Chao (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, (e)
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE2FF9575ADF87FED9C52A6" authorityName="Chao &amp; Liu" authorityYear="1990" box="[188,465,1971,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Melligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cataractus">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE2FF9575ADF87FED9C52A6" box="[188,465,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Melligomphus cataractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♂, penile organ, from
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE2FF9577C5F87FEF2D52A6" author="Chao, H. - F. &amp; Zhao, X. - F." box="[724,864,1971,1994]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref29620" refString="Chao, H. - F. [= Zhao, X. - F.] (1990) The gomphid dragonflies of China (Odonata: Gomphidae). The Science and Technology Publishing House, Fuzhou, Fujian. [In Chinese; English summary and keys]." type="book" year="1990">Chao (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, (g)
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE2FF957682F87FE8D152A6" authorityName=": Chao" authorityYear="1954" box="[915,1180,1971,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Onychogomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinicus">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE2FF957682F87FE8D152A6" box="[915,1180,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Onychogomphus sinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♂, hamuli, from
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE2FF957072F87FECAD5280" author="Chao, H. - F. &amp; Zhao, X. - F." pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref29620" refString="Chao, H. - F. [= Zhao, X. - F.] (1990) The gomphid dragonflies of China (Odonata: Gomphidae). The Science and Technology Publishing House, Fuzhou, Fujian. [In Chinese; English summary and keys]." type="book" year="1990">Chao (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, (f)
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE2FF95741DF81AEDBC5281" box="[268,497,2006,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Melligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludens">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE2FF95741DF81AEDBC5281" box="[268,497,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Melligomphus ludens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♂, penile organ, from
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B08FFE2FF9577FDF819EF385280" author="Chao, H. - F. &amp; Zhao, X. - F." box="[748,885,2005,2028]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref29620" refString="Chao, H. - F. [= Zhao, X. - F.] (1990) The gomphid dragonflies of China (Odonata: Gomphidae). The Science and Technology Publishing House, Fuzhou, Fujian. [In Chinese; English summary and keys]." type="book" year="1990">Chao (1990)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35F6572FFE1FF9675D4FF5BE96E54F6" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFA36F9FFE1FF9675D4FF5BE96E54F6" blockId="38.[151,1436,151,448]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE1FF9675D4FF5BED9155DD" bold="true" box="[197,476,151,177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Differential diagnosis:</emphasis>
This species is very similar to species of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE1FF9676DDFF54E8DD55DD" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1922" box="[972,1168,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Lamelligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE1FF9676DDFF54E8DD55DD" box="[972,1168,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lamelligomphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but has a dorsal stripe on the synthorax linked to the collar stripe to form a 7-shaped mark, whereas all species of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE1FF9671C6FF73E9D655B4" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1922" box="[1239,1435,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Lamelligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE1FF9671C6FF73E9D655B4" box="[1239,1435,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lamelligomphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have isolated dorsal stripes. Like
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE1FF967725FF29EF265592" baseAuthorityName="Martin" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[564,875,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Lamelligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelus">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE1FF967725FF29EF265592" box="[564,875,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lamelligomphus camelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, abdominal S8 has a pair of dorsal humps. In
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE1FF967586FEC0ECB55449" baseAuthorityName="Martin" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[151,248,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Lamelligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelus">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE1FF967586FEC0ECB55449" box="[151,248,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">camelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these are located at the basal margin of S8, are much larger, with the tips curved anteriorly (cf
<figureCitation id="137E2A7CFFE1FF96707CFEC0EC8D5420" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="32.[151,255,1696,1720]" captionTargetBox="[255,1316,194,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-209@32.[255,1317,194,1677]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 17(az): Lamelligomphus. [ae] Lamelligomphus tutulus, Guizhou, from Liu &amp; Chao in Chao (1990) — (a) ♂, synthorax, (b) ♂, anterior hamulus, (c) ♂, posterior hamulus, (d) ♀, occiput and vertex, frontal, (e) ♀, postgenital plate; [fg] Lamelligomphus camelus, from Chao (1990) —(f) ♂, synthorax, (g) ♂, caudal abdomen, (h) ♂, hamuli, (i) ♀, occipital margin, frontal, (j) ♂, dorsum of 8th abdominal segment, lateral; [km] ♀, Lamelligomphus trinus, Jiangxi, from Chao (1990)— (k) synthorax, (l) postgenital plate, (m) occiput and vertex, frontal; [nr] Lamelligomphus ringens, Fujian, from Chao (1990)— (n) ♂, synthorax, (m) ♂, anterior hamulus, (p) ♂, posterior hamulus, (q) ♀, occiput, frontal, (r) ♀, postgenital plate; [st] Lamelligomphus choui tienfuensis, Sichuan, ♂, from Chao (1995) —(s) anterior hamulus, (t) posterior hamulus; [uz] Lamlligomphus motuoensis, Xizang, from Chao (1990)— (u) ♂, synthorax, (v) ♂, occiput and vertex, frontal, (w) ♀, caudal abdomen and postgenital plate, (x) ♀, occiput and vertex, (y) ♂, anterior hamulus, (z) ♂, posterior hamulus." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 17j</figureCitation>
), whereas the humps are located at the middle of S
<quantity id="4CBD9B1CFFE1FF967637FEFEEF195420" box="[806,852,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE1FF96764DFEFEEF995427" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[860,980,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Onychogomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ardens">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE1FF96764DFEFEEF995427" box="[860,980,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M. ardens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and are not curved anteriorly at their tips. The distal, dorsal margin of S7 of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE1FF967770FE95EE9B541E" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1930" box="[609,726,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Onychogomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ardens">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE1FF967770FE95EE9B541E" box="[609,726,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">M. ardens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unformly flat and not markedly upturned as in
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE1FF96700CFE95E9D1541E" baseAuthorityName="Martin" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1309,1436,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Lamelligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelus">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE1FF96700CFE95E9D1541E" box="[1309,1436,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. camelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and also
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE1FF9675EEFE4CEDEA54F5" baseAuthorityName="Matsumura" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[255,423,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Lamelligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE1FF9675EEFE4CEDEA54F5" box="[255,423,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. formosanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137E2A7CFFE1FF9674A6FE4CEE5154F6" box="[439,540,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,257,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,197,1826]" captionTargetId="figure-94@30.[206,1382,197,1830]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15(an): Lamelligomphus formosanus. [af] ♂, Shimentai, Guangdong—(a) head, frontal, (b) synthorax, lateral, (c) caudal appendages, lateral, (d) caudal appendages, dorsal, (e) anterior hamulus, lateral, (f) posterior hamulus, lateral; [gj] ♀, Shimentai, Guangdong—(g) head, frontal, (h) occiput, frontal, (k) caudal abdomen, ventral; [ij] ♀, Nanling, Guangdong—(i) occiput, frontal, (j) head, frontal; ♀, Lamelligomphus formosanus as Lamelligomphus jiuquensis, from Liu (1993)—(l) synthorax, (m) occiput and vertex, frontal, (n) caudal abdomen, ventral." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 15c</figureCitation>
). All other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D7AFFE1FF96760DFE4CEF8954F5" authorityName="Chao" authorityYear="1990" box="[796,964,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Gomphidae" genus="Melligomphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE1FF96760DFE4CEF8954F5" box="[796,964,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Melligomphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack prominent humps on S8.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6572FFE1FF9675D4FE6AE8C654AC" box="[197,1163,422,448]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFA36F9FFE1FF9675D4FE6AE8C654AC" blockId="38.[151,1436,151,448]" box="[197,1163,422,448]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B931EAEBFFE1FF9675D4FE6AED2A54AC" bold="true" box="[197,359,422,448]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3527669FFE1FF96747EFE6AEDF854AC" box="[367,437,422,448]" name="China" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE1FF9674D5FE6AEE5954AC" box="[452,532,422,448]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fujian</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE1FF96770EFE6AEEE654AC" box="[543,683,422,448]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE1FF9677A7FE6AEF5354AC" box="[694,798,422,448]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE1FF96763BFE6AEFDF54AC" box="[810,914,422,448]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE1FF96768FFE6AEFA154AC" box="[926,1004,422,448]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hunan</collectingRegion>
&amp;
<collectingRegion id="4981F81BFFE1FF967100FE6AE83254AC" box="[1041,1151,422,448]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>