426 lines
58 KiB
XML
426 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="B38DB84B5EF7551F74E88AAEA0D952FD" ID-CLB-Dataset="29039" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9acf71bc-6414-4878-8af0-a64d3ec1fea6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1458302" ID-ZooBank="633A9498-FCC6-4439-BE33-A45B9E51B550" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539287574730" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grandinete, Yuri Campanholo, Noll, Fernando Barbosa & Carpenter, James" docDate="2018" docId="03C5878FFFE8F31DFF309312D035FDC7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4459.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4459 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Eumenes smithii de Saussure 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFFCFFF7FFF3F300FFA79155D339FFDF" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic Review of Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from the New World" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698577660185" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="D01D88997810C8B8BC5B6DD8B9D4FE0E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="E3AF62AE8C3CFE0D628869DE6C42532C">Taxonomic Review of Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) from the New World</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CEE22C3870502CFEE40EBF117738E5C1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="07438C0DA1ACA118DE16E9DC0E15AF26">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9D0D3B09E793669B674F26F8635DC002">Grandinete, Yuri Campanholo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4D71EC3EA0A6B82807CA83A91DCFD67A">Noll, Fernando Barbosa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6EB9520B113FBB7FC657A34854C588A5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4B72CF4FABF9B4D2FEA2AAC1EEFF72F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="474F1A8FCC2706A9A7049C676C142CF4">Carpenter, James</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EF9E881DDBC2DFECB2ED2F9E6C670120">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FFFBE27B28CCAA2C09E3F8AB4494EFBB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="74ADF0B4810AB25640A84C2ABDA54FCB">
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<mods:date id="7A82654AA17566279FC0A2A3B172BE0D">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DB17B0E5B1CB38CA2F308338C3C04815">2018-08-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9E6B7EE5F4248F17F84D7D9CBD928397">4459</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C5878FFFE8F31DFF309312D035FDC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5986386" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148692487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5986386" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5878FFFE8F31DFF309312D035FDC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C5878FFFE8F31DFF309312D035FDC7" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE8F31BFF309312D17EFDBD" box="[151,583,583,610]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF309312D17EFDBD" blockId="27.[151,583,583,610]" box="[151,583,583,610]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D09B81F5FFE8F31BFF309312D17EFDBD" bold="true" box="[151,583,583,610]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE8F31BFF309312D17EFDBD" ID-CoL="6GWPK" authority="de Saussure, 1852" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,583,583,610]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF309312D17EFDBD" bold="true" box="[151,583,583,610]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF309312D258FDBE" bold="true" box="[151,353,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eumenes smithii</emphasis>
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de
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE8F31BFE2A931DD17EFDBD" box="[397,583,584,610]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref42823" refString="de Saussure, H. F. (1852 - 1853) Etudes sur la famille des vespides 1. Monographie des Guepes Solitaires ou de la tribe des Eumeniens. V. Masson, Paris & Cherbuliez, Geneve, ixlx + 1286 pp., 22 pls. [pp. 1 - 128, pls. 2 - 5 + 7 + 10 + 14 (1852); pp. i - xlx + 129 - 286, pls. 1 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 11 - 13 + 15 - 22 (1853), see Griffin, 1939, for publication dates of specific pages]" type="book chapter">Saussure, 1852</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE8F31BFF3093DAD16AFD7B" box="[151,595,654,676]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF3093DAD16AFD7B" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[151,595,654,676]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE8F31BFF3093DAD135FD7B" ID-CoL="6GWPK" authority="de Saussure, 1852" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,524,654,676]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF3093DAD135FD7B" bold="true" box="[151,524,654,676]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF3093DAD27FFD7B" bold="true" box="[151,326,654,676]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eumenes smithii</emphasis>
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de
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE8F31BFECB93DBD135FD7B" box="[364,524,654,676]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref42823" refString="de Saussure, H. F. (1852 - 1853) Etudes sur la famille des vespides 1. Monographie des Guepes Solitaires ou de la tribe des Eumeniens. V. Masson, Paris & Cherbuliez, Geneve, ixlx + 1286 pp., 22 pls. [pp. 1 - 128, pls. 2 - 5 + 7 + 10 + 14 (1852); pp. i - xlx + 129 - 286, pls. 1 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 11 - 13 + 15 - 22 (1853), see Griffin, 1939, for publication dates of specific pages]" type="book chapter">Saussure, 1852</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 1: 43.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE8F31BFF6093F8D10FFA20" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF6093F8D144FD1C" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,637,685,707]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF6093F8D203FD1C" bold="true" box="[199,314,685,707]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type data:</emphasis>
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Syntypes at NHM and MNHN.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF609399D182FD3D" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,699,716,738]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<materialsCitation id="3B043CC4FFE8F31BFF609399D182FD3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355212" box="[199,699,716,738]" country="United States of America" location="La" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF609399D263FD3D" bold="true" box="[199,346,716,738]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE8F31BFF609399D3C5FD3D" box="[199,252,716,738]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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“
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<location id="8EB36042FFE8F31BFECD9399D2BFFD3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5878FFFE8F31DFF309312D035FDC7:8EB36042FFE8F31BFECD9399D2BFFD3D" box="[362,390,716,738]" country="United States of America" name="La" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Florida">La</location>
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presqu’île de
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<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFE8F31BFDB19399D158FD3D" box="[534,609,716,738]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Florida</collectingRegion>
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” (
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<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFE8F31BFDDF9399D189FD3D" box="[632,688,716,738]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USA</collectingCountry>
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||
).
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF6093BFD2D2FCDF" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,491,746,768]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">de Saussure, 1875, 254: 104.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF60925CD2F4FCC0" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,461,777,799]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cresson, 1887: 287 (cat.).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF60927DD2C2FCE1" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,507,808,830]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dalla Torre, 1894, 9: 32 (cat.);</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF609213D131FC83" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,520,838,860]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dalla Torre, 1904, 19: 25 (cat.).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF609233D16AFCA4" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,595,869,891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE8F31BFF609233D25DFCA4" box="[199,356,869,891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref42258" refString="Bequaert, J. (1938) The three Eumenes of Canada and the Northeastern United States; with notes on other North American species (Hymenoptera; Vespidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 33 (2), 59 - 70." type="journal article">Bequaert, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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, 33: 70 (note on
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<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE8F31BFDA99233D171FCA4" box="[526,584,870,891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">types</typeStatus>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF6092D0D28CFC45" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,437,900,922]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE8F31BFF6092D0D25DFC45" box="[199,356,900,922]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref42355" refString="Bequaert, J. (1944) The genus Eumenes in the Dominion of Canada. Le Naturaliste Canadien, 71, 75 - 88." type="journal article">Bequaert, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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, 71: 79.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF6092F7D16AFC67" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,595,930,952]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE8F31BFF6092F7D2BEFC67" box="[199,391,930,952]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref43608" refString="MacLachlan, W. B. (1980) A key to and notes on the Eumenes of America North of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 53 (3), 617 - 621." type="journal article">MacLachlan, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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, 53: 617, 619 (key).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF609294D11AFC08" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,547,961,983]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Buck
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<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFEA49297D20FFC08" box="[259,310,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
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2008, 5: 44 (key), 154.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF3092B5D172FC29" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[151,587,991,1014]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE8F31BFF3092B5D2CEFC29" authority="Cresson, 1872" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,503,991,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
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||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF3092B5D2CEFC29" bold="true" box="[151,503,991,1014]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF3092B5D262FC2A" bold="true" box="[151,347,991,1013]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eumenes belfragei</emphasis>
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Cresson, 1872
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, 4: 232.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF6092ABD0F5FBCB" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,972,1022,1044]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF6092ABD203FBCB" bold="true" box="[199,314,1022,1044]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE8F31BFF6092ABD3C5FBCB" box="[199,252,1022,1044]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
data:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE8F31BFEE692AAD29FFBCB" box="[321,422,1023,1044]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
female and two
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||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE8F31BFDE892AAD189FBCB" box="[591,688,1023,1044]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
male at
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE5CFFE8F31BFCA192ABD07EFBCB" box="[774,839,1022,1044]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFCEA92ABD0FFFBCB" bold="true" box="[845,966,1022,1044]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">(examined)</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF609548D1C1FBEC" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,760,1053,1075]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B043CC4FFE8F31BFF609548D1C1FBEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355217" box="[199,760,1053,1075]" location="Texas" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Texas" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF609548D263FBEC" bold="true" box="[199,346,1053,1075]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE8F31BFF609548D3C5FBEC" box="[199,252,1053,1075]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFE8F31BFECE9548D29FFBEC" box="[361,422,1053,1075]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
” (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE8F31BFE199548D11CFBEC" box="[446,549,1053,1075]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE8F31BFDF19548D1D4FBEC" box="[598,749,1053,1075]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF609569D2FFFB8D" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,454,1084,1106]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cresson, 1887: 287 (cat).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF60950FD1B9FBAF" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,640,1114,1136]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Dalla Torre, 1894, 9: 19 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFE6F950FD126FBAF" box="[456,543,1114,1136]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">belfragii</emphasis>
|
||
[!]; cat.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF60952CD146FB50" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,639,1145,1167]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Dalla Torre, 1904, 19: 21 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFE72952CD11CFB50" box="[469,549,1145,1167]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">belfragi</emphasis>
|
||
[!]; cat).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF6095CDD18FFB71" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,694,1176,1198]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Cresson, 1916, 1: 103 (designation of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE8F31BFDED95CDD195FB71" box="[586,684,1176,1198]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF6095E2D170FB13" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,585,1206,1228]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE8F31BFF6095E2D25DFB13" box="[199,356,1206,1228]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref42258" refString="Bequaert, J. (1938) The three Eumenes of Canada and the Northeastern United States; with notes on other North American species (Hymenoptera; Vespidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 33 (2), 59 - 70." type="journal article">Bequaert, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 33: 68 (note on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE8F31BFDA995E2D107FB13" box="[526,574,1207,1228]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF609580D17DFB34" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,580,1237,1259]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bohart & Menke, 1974, 47: 459, 461.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF6095A1D28DFAD5" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,436,1268,1290]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Krombein, 1979: 1508.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF309446D1B6FAF7" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[151,655,1298,1320]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE8F31BFF309446D2B0FAF7" authority="smithii" box="[151,393,1298,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="smithii" subSpecies="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF309446D2B0FAF7" box="[151,393,1298,1320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eumenes smithii smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Bohart, 1951: 885 (cat.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF609464D29EFA98" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,423,1329,1351]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Krombein, 1958: 163.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF609405D2D7FAB9" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,494,1360,1382]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Krombein, 1979: 1508 (cat.).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF60943BD2D6FA5B" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,495,1390,1412]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ahlstrom, 1995, 1: 102 (list).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF3094DBD19FFA7C" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[151,678,1421,1443]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE8F31BFF3094DBD2A6FA7C" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,415,1421,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="smithii" subSpecies="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF3094DBD2A6FA7C" box="[151,415,1421,1443]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eumenes smithii belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Bohart, 1951: 885 (cat.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF6094F9D2DEFA1D" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,487,1452,1474]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Krombein, 1958: 163: 1508.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF60949FD2CAFA3F" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,499,1482,1504]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE8F31BFF60949FD29BFA3F" box="[199,418,1482,1504]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref43151" refString="Giordani Soika, A. (1978) Revisione degli Eumenidi neotropicali appartenenti ai generi Eumenes Latr., Omicron (Sauss.), Pararhaphidoglossa Schulth. ed afinni. Bolletino della Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Uenezia, 29, 1 - 420." type="journal article">Giordani Soika, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 29: 29.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF6094BCD10FFA20" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,566,1513,1535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996: 479 (list).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE8F31BFF60975DD2EFF984" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF60975DD10CF9C1" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,565,1544,1566]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF60975DD21CF9C1" bold="true" box="[199,293,1544,1566]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ecology:</emphasis>
|
||
Prey:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE8F31BFEC0975DD2D3F9C1" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[359,490,1544,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF609773D09BF9E3" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,930,1574,1596]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF609773D209F9E3" bold="true" box="[199,304,1574,1596]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ethology:</emphasis>
|
||
Hartman, 1913, 3: 353–360 (nest building, prey, life history).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF609710D2EFF984" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,470,1605,1627]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE8F31BFF609710D201F984" box="[199,312,1605,1627]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref43377" refString="Isely, D. (1917) A synopsis of the petiolate wasps of the family Eumenidae (Hymenoptera), found in America North of Mexico. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 10 (4), 345 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 10.4.345" type="journal article">Isely, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 10: 350 (nest).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE8F31BFF609731D06EF9A5" box="[199,855,1636,1658]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF609731D06EF9A5" blockId="27.[151,972,654,1658]" box="[199,855,1636,1658]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF609731D26AF9A5" bold="true" box="[199,339,1636,1658]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFE8F31BFEFD9731D299F9A5" box="[346,416,1636,1658]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
(AL, FL, GA, KS, MS, NC, OK, TN, TX).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFE8F31CFF6097F3D175FDBF" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31BFF6097F3D70AF8D8" blockId="27.[151,1437,1702,2015]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF6097F3D2C5F960" bold="true" box="[199,508,1702,1727]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Comments and diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
We did not examine the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFE8F31BFCB997F2D077F960" box="[798,846,1703,1727]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE8F31BFC5397F2D797F961" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[1012,1198,1702,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFC5397F2D797F961" box="[1012,1198,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eumenes smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but some specimens (females and males) were compared to the original description and later redescriptions (de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE8F31BFB05979ED669F93C" box="[1186,1360,1738,1763]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref42823" refString="de Saussure, H. F. (1852 - 1853) Etudes sur la famille des vespides 1. Monographie des Guepes Solitaires ou de la tribe des Eumeniens. V. Masson, Paris & Cherbuliez, Geneve, ixlx + 1286 pp., 22 pls. [pp. 1 - 128, pls. 2 - 5 + 7 + 10 + 14 (1852); pp. i - xlx + 129 - 286, pls. 1 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 11 - 13 + 15 - 22 (1853), see Griffin, 1939, for publication dates of specific pages]" type="book chapter">Saussure, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1875;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B68FFE8F31BFF3097BAD27FF8D8" box="[151,326,1775,1799]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref42355" refString="Bequaert, J. (1944) The genus Eumenes in the Dominion of Canada. Le Naturaliste Canadien, 71, 75 - 88." type="journal article">Bequaert, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); these were used to produce the diagnosis of the species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFE8F31BFC7597BBD71CF8D8" box="[978,1061,1774,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–26" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1649,1671]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,193,1628]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1628]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 13–26. Eumenes species, lateral view. 13) E. cubensis Cresson, 1865 (female); 14) E. flavitinctus Bohart, 1950 (Holotype, female); 15) E. fervens Say, 1824 (Lectotype, female); 16) E. pictus (Smith, 1857) (female); 17) E. sculleni Bohart, 1950 (Holotype, male); 18) E. smithii de Saussure, 1852 (female); 19) E. belfragei Cresson, 1872 (Lectotype, female); 20) E. verticalis Say, 1824 (female); 21) Eumenes verticalis coloradensis Cresson, 1875 (lectotype, female); 22) E. verticalis neoboreus Bequaert, 1944 (Holotype, male); 23) E. verticalis tricinctus Isely, 1917 (Holotype, female); 24) E. filiformis de Saussure, 1855 (famele); 25) E. rufomaculata Fox, 1899 (Lectotype, female); 26) Eumenes versicolor de Saussure, 1852 (Lectotype, female). Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458306/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFE8F31CFF609646D175FDBF" blockId="27.[151,1437,1702,2015]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE8F31BFF609646D2B9F8F4" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[199,384,1811,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFF609646D2B9F8F4" box="[199,384,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eumenes smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has its distribution in the central-east of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFE8F31BFCDC9646D08AF8F4" box="[891,947,1811,1835]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
and presents darker background coloration (mainly of the scutellum and metasoma) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFE8F31BFD389662D07BF891" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[671,834,1847,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFE8F31BFD389662D07BF891" box="[671,834,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E. americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The clypeus is always black with coarse punctation, evenly distributed, up to the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFE8F31BFD85960FD14FF8AC" box="[546,630,1882,1907]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1772,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[151,1436,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 66–76. Clypeus. 66) Eumenes americanus (female); 67) E. smithii (female); 68) E. crucifera (female); 69) E. crucifera (male); 70) E. verticalis (female); 71) E. fraternus (female); 72) E. fraternus (male); 73) E. sculleni (female); 74) E. filiformis (female); 75) E. rufomaculatus (female); 76) E. versicolor (female). Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458316/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
). T1 has coarse punctation from the pre-basal region, becoming denser near the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFE8F31BFE9A962BD2A8F848" box="[317,401,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–42" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 27–42. First tergum, dorsal view. 27) Eumenes americanus; 28) E. bequaerti; 29) E. bollii; 30) E. consobrinus; 31) E. coyotae; 32) E. crucifera; 33) E. cubensis; 34) E. flavitinctus; 35) E. fraternus; 36) E. pictus; 37) E. sculleni; 38) E. smithii; 39) E. verticalis; 40) E. filiformis; 41) E. rufomaculactus; 42) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458308/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
). The punctation is not as deep and dense on the dorsal surface of T2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFE8F31BFB0A962BD63BF848" box="[1197,1282,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–58" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[202,1388,195,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[201,1388,193,1934]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 43–58. Second tergum, dorsal view. 43) Eumenes americanus; 44) E. bequaerti; 45) E. bollii; 46) E. consobrinus; 47) E. coyotae; 48) E. crucifera; 49) E. cubensis; 50) E. flavitinctus; 51) E. fraternus; 52) E. pictus; 53) E. sculleni; 54) E. smithii; 55) E. verticalis; 56) E. filiformis; 57) E. rufomaculactus; 58) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458310/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
). The apex of aedeagus has a rounded protuberance (in lateral view) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFE8F31BFCBD96F7D0B0F864" box="[794,905,1954,1979]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–109" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1926,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 102–109. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 102) E. pictus; 103) E. sculleni; 104) E. smithii; 105) E. verticalis; 106) E. filiformis; 107) E. rufomaculatus; 108) E. versicolor; 109) General scheme of the apical projection of the aedeagus: a) weakly concave/truncate; b) strongly concave. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458322/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 104a</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the apical ventral projection varies from truncate to weakly concave, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFE8F31BFE7A9693D159F800" box="[477,608,1990,2015]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–109" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1926,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 102–109. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 102) E. pictus; 103) E. sculleni; 104) E. smithii; 105) E. verticalis; 106) E. filiformis; 107) E. rufomaculatus; 108) E. versicolor; 109) General scheme of the apical projection of the aedeagus: a) weakly concave/truncate; b) strongly concave. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458322/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig 109a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
); the ventral lobe is weakly rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFE8F31BFBA39693D74BF800" box="[1028,1138,1990,2015]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–109" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1926,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 102–109. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 102) E. pictus; 103) E. sculleni; 104) E. smithii; 105) E. verticalis; 106) E. filiformis; 107) E. rufomaculatus; 108) E. versicolor; 109) General scheme of the apical projection of the aedeagus: a) weakly concave/truncate; b) strongly concave. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458322/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 104a</figureCitation>
|
||
); and the digitus has short, but more evident bristles than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEFF31CFE4C91CCD1B4FF70" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[491,653,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFE4C91CCD1B4FF70" box="[491,653,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E. americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEFF31CFD3B91C2D1C7FF6F" box="[668,766,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 110–125" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,209,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[150,1437,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 110–125. Male genitalia: digitus. 110) Eumenes americanus; 111) E. bequaerti; 112) E. bollii; 113) E. consobrinus; 114) E. coyotae; 115) E. crucifera; 116) E. cubensis; 117) E. flavitinctus; 118) E. fraternus; 119) E. pictus; 120) E. sculleni; 121) E. smithii; 122) E. verticalis; 123) E. filiformis; 124) E. rufomaculatus; 125) E. versicolor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458324/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
|
||
). We examined specimens originally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEFF31CFA9691CCD6A5FF6F" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[1329,1436,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFA9691CCD6A5FF6F" box="[1329,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEFF31CFF6191E8D270FF0B" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" box="[198,329,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFF6191E8D270FF0B" box="[198,329,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and there were no evident morphological differences to separate both taxa, but a range of variation can be observed for the species: most specimens from the central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFEFF31CFC2991B5D0FFFF27" box="[910,966,224,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEFF31CFC7091B5D715FF27" box="[983,1068,224,248]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Kansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEFF31CFB9E918AD797FF27" box="[1081,1198,223,248]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEFF31CFB4E91B5D615FF27" box="[1257,1324,224,248]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
) have the yellow marks more developed, mostly on T2, the apical projection of the aedeagus strongly concave, and the bristles of the digitus more evident. Specimens from the southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFEFF31CFC7B907DD72DFE9F" box="[988,1044,296,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(records from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEFF31CFB6B9072D60DFE9F" box="[1228,1332,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEFF31CFAE39072D6A1FE9F" box="[1348,1432,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEFF31CFF309019D3CDFEBA" box="[151,244,332,357]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFEFF31CFF309019D3CDFEBA" box="[151,244,332,357]" name="Georgia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEFF31CFEA29019D24EFEBA" box="[261,375,332,357]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mississipi</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEFF31CFE1B9019D149FEBA" box="[444,624,332,357]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
), however, showed no yellow marks on T2, although those on the mesosoma are present as in the central region. The apical projections of the aedeagus of this population were scarecely concave or truncate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEFF31CFE5590C1D143FE72" box="[498,634,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–109" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1926,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 102–109. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 102) E. pictus; 103) E. sculleni; 104) E. smithii; 105) E. verticalis; 106) E. filiformis; 107) E. rufomaculatus; 108) E. versicolor; 109) General scheme of the apical projection of the aedeagus: a) weakly concave/truncate; b) strongly concave. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458322/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 109a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the bristles of the digitus were less evident. Males examined from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEFF31CFF3090EDD233FE10" box="[151,266,440,463]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEFF31CFEEE90E2D282FE0F" box="[329,443,439,464]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mississipi</collectingRegion>
|
||
showed intermediate features in a less truncate apical projection and bristles of the digitus, and besides that, specimens from both regions showed no consistent pattern of the yellow marks, including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D7883BFFEFF31CFF669355D3C8FDC7" box="[193,241,512,536]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEFF31CFE2D9354D129FDC7" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" box="[394,528,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFE2D9354D129FDC7" box="[394,528,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E. belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEFF31CFD1A9355D1C7FDC8" box="[701,766,512,535]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
but has no yellow marks on metasoma, as in the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEFF31CFA239354D3DAFDE3" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFA239354D3DAFDE3" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E. smithii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This evidence leads us to believe that both taxa are indeed synonyms with intra-specific variation across the range of distribution of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFEFF31DFF609339D0B7FE0F" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEFF31CFF609339D1FFFC32" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFF609339D258FD5A" bold="true" box="[199,353,620,645]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Color, head:</emphasis>
|
||
Black, with yellow marks as follows: mandibles and labrum. Brownish (sometimes with yellowish marks) as follows: around the edges of the clypeus; inter-antennal region; a band on inner margin of compound eyes, which goes from the base of the clypeus to the ocular sinus; a narrow band on upper half of gena, adjacent to the compound eye; antenna, with some distal flagellomeres with blackish marks.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFB649382D673FD2F" bold="true" box="[1219,1354,727,752]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Black, with brownish and yellowish marks as follows: entirely pronotum, tegula and parategula (also with yellow marks); triangular marks on each side of mesosucutum; scutellum (with a narrow yellow band on apex); metanotum (with a yellow band); broad mark on upper half of mesepisternum, adjacent to the mesepimeron; all lateral region of the posterior face of propodeum. Marks on coxae; almost entirely femora and entirely tibiae and tarsi, although the distal tarsi are darker.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFE2892D9D12CFC7A" bold="true" box="[399,533,908,933]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Metasoma:</emphasis>
|
||
T1 and S2 black on basal half and brownish on apical half; T2 with black marks on basal region and a transverse black band on middle area. Other regions are covered with brownish marks. T3– T6 and S3–S6 brownish with some yellow marks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEFF31CFF6092A2D6A4FB1A" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFF6092A2D29BFBCF" bold="true" box="[199,418,1015,1040]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pubescence, head:</emphasis>
|
||
frons, vertex and occipital region with moderately long and golden pubescence. Clypeus and gena with shorter pubescence, whitish, better observed in oblique view. Some longer and erect bristles scattered on clypeus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFE0D956AD108FB87" bold="true" box="[426,561,1087,1112]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum with moderately long golden pubescence. Lateral surface of mesosoma whitish pubescence (better observed in oblique view) as long as on mesoscutum. Posterior face of propodeum with long (longer than frons and mesoscutum) and whitish pubescence. Apical half and basal half of fore coxa and femur, respectively, and trochanter with erect golden bristles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEFF31CFF30959AD6A4FAD3" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFF30959AD224FB37" bold="true" box="[151,285,1231,1256]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Metasoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface of T1 and T2 with short golden pubescence. Ventral surface of T1 with scattered moderately long golden pubescence. T3–T6 and S2–S6 with short golden pubescence, except long bristles on apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEFF31CFF609442D6A4FA8A" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFF609442D2E7FAEF" bold="true" box="[199,478,1303,1328]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Surface of integument:</emphasis>
|
||
Clypeus with coarse punctation homogeneously distributed. Frons and vertex with coarse and dense punctation, which becomes very sparse behind the ocelli. Gena with reduced punctation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEFF31CFF30940AD743F9F2" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFF30940AD227FAA7" bold="true" box="[151,286,1375,1400]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Covered with coarse and dense punctation, except on anterior and posterior portion of mesepisternum, where the punctation is sparser (almost absent on anterior portion). Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEFF31CFBE394D0D7D0FA43" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1852" box="[1092,1257,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFBE394D0D7D0FA43" box="[1092,1257,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">E. americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the punctation from mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum and posterior face of propodeum are coarser, forming carinae between the punctures.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFEE69499D2FFFA3A" bold="true" box="[321,454,1484,1509]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Metasoma:</emphasis>
|
||
T1 with coarse and dense punctation from the base; dorsal face of T2 covered with slightly coarse (less than T1 and mesosoma), dense, becoming weaker towards apex and lateral margins. S2 with evident punctation mostly on lateral margins. T3–T6 and S3–S6 with reduced punctation
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEFF31CFF609762D29EF866" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFF609762D278F98F" bold="true" box="[199,321,1591,1616]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Structure:</emphasis>
|
||
Clypeus convex, with the apex concave, producing two rounded apical projections with weak carinae on the apex of each one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEFF31CFDE69709D1A4F9AA" box="[577,669,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1772,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[151,1436,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 66–76. Clypeus. 66) Eumenes americanus (female); 67) E. smithii (female); 68) E. crucifera (female); 69) E. crucifera (male); 70) E. verticalis (female); 71) E. fraternus (female); 72) E. fraternus (male); 73) E. sculleni (female); 74) E. filiformis (female); 75) E. rufomaculatus (female); 76) E. versicolor (female). Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458316/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inter-antennal region slightly wider than the antennal socket, longitudinally cariniform. Lateral ocelli closer to the compound eyes than to each other. Occipital carina well developed and angled on middle region of gena, not so close to the compound eye near mandibles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFAB397F1D6A5F962" bold="true" box="[1300,1436,1700,1725]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotal fovea present; pronotal carina weakly developed on dorsal face of pronotum and more developed on lateral face of it. Mesepimeron slightly elevated regarding the mesepisternum. Posterior projection of tegula weak developed, rounded; parategula lamelliform; posterior face of propodeum strongly concave on basal half. Basal half of the external surface of fore coxae with a well developed carina.
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFC169661D70FF892" bold="true" box="[945,1078,1844,1869]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Metasoma:</emphasis>
|
||
T1 long, about 2.5 times longer than wide, moderately swollen in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEFF31CFD089602D03DF8AF" box="[687,772,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–42" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 27–42. First tergum, dorsal view. 27) Eumenes americanus; 28) E. bequaerti; 29) E. bollii; 30) E. consobrinus; 31) E. coyotae; 32) E. crucifera; 33) E. cubensis; 34) E. flavitinctus; 35) E. fraternus; 36) E. pictus; 37) E. sculleni; 38) E. smithii; 39) E. verticalis; 40) E. filiformis; 41) E. rufomaculactus; 42) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458308/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral margins on the apical half subparallel. T2 longer than wide, with an apical lamella that becomes reduced towards lateral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEFF31CFB959629D7B1F84A" box="[1074,1160,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–58" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[202,1388,195,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[201,1388,193,1934]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 43–58. Second tergum, dorsal view. 43) Eumenes americanus; 44) E. bequaerti; 45) E. bollii; 46) E. consobrinus; 47) E. coyotae; 48) E. crucifera; 49) E. cubensis; 50) E. flavitinctus; 51) E. fraternus; 52) E. pictus; 53) E. sculleni; 54) E. smithii; 55) E. verticalis; 56) E. filiformis; 57) E. rufomaculactus; 58) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458310/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
). Angle of T2, in lateral view, rising up abruptly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEFF31DFF609691D637FF0A" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEFF31CFF609691D221F802" bold="true" box="[199,280,1988,2013]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Males:</emphasis>
|
||
Clypeus narrower than females; F11 short with the apex pointed, surpassing the apical edge of F8 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEFF31DFAC89691D38FFF6F" captionStart="FIGURES 77–92" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 77–92. First tergum, dorsal view. 77) Eumenes americanus; 78) E. bequaerti; 79) E. bollii; 80) E. consobrinus; 81) E. coyotae; 82) E. crucifera; 83) E. cubensis; 84) E. flavitinctus; 85) E. fraternus; 86) E. pictus; 87) E. sculleni; 88) E. smithii; 89) E. verticalis; 90) E. filiformis; 91) E. rufomaculactus; 92) E. versicolor. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458318/files/figure.png" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal surface without longitudinal carina. Ventral surface without microscopic erect bristles. S7 flattened apically, with bristles scattered on apex (also on T7). Color, pubescence and punctation as on females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEEF31DFF60918AD652FEBA" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEEF31DFF60918AD243FF27" bold="true" box="[199,378,223,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEEF31DFD97918AD181FF27" box="[560,696,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–109" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1926,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 102–109. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 102) E. pictus; 103) E. sculleni; 104) E. smithii; 105) E. verticalis; 106) E. filiformis; 107) E. rufomaculatus; 108) E. versicolor; 109) General scheme of the apical projection of the aedeagus: a) weakly concave/truncate; b) strongly concave. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458322/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 104a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
. Apical projection varying from truncate to strongly concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEEF31DFAC8918AD3D6FEC2" captionStart="FIGURES 102–109" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1926,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 102–109. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 102) E. pictus; 103) E. sculleni; 104) E. smithii; 105) E. verticalis; 106) E. filiformis; 107) E. rufomaculatus; 108) E. versicolor; 109) General scheme of the apical projection of the aedeagus: a) weakly concave/truncate; b) strongly concave. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458322/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 103a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paramere (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEEF31DFE269051D2D6FEC3" box="[385,495,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–109" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1926,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 102–109. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 102) E. pictus; 103) E. sculleni; 104) E. smithii; 105) E. verticalis; 106) E. filiformis; 107) E. rufomaculatus; 108) E. versicolor; 109) General scheme of the apical projection of the aedeagus: a) weakly concave/truncate; b) strongly concave. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458322/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 104c</figureCitation>
|
||
) with long bristles on middle area of gonostyle; digitus strongly slender on apex, with short and evident bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEEF31DFDA39072D15EFE9F" box="[516,615,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 110–125" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,209,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[150,1437,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 110–125. Male genitalia: digitus. 110) Eumenes americanus; 111) E. bequaerti; 112) E. bollii; 113) E. consobrinus; 114) E. coyotae; 115) E. crucifera; 116) E. cubensis; 117) E. flavitinctus; 118) E. fraternus; 119) E. pictus; 120) E. sculleni; 121) E. smithii; 122) E. verticalis; 123) E. filiformis; 124) E. rufomaculatus; 125) E. versicolor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458324/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
|
||
); cuspis with thin, long and very dense pubescence; volsella with short (shorter than on cuspis) but evident scattered bristles; distal lobe truncate with a few erect bristles on the edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEEF31DFF60903AD0B7FE0F" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B043CC4FFEEF31DFF60903AD0B7FE0F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917355174" country="United States of America" location="Texas" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Texas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEEF31DFF60903AD278FE57" bold="true" box="[199,321,367,392]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
As discussed above, specimens from the central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7609FFEEF31DFCCE9025D098FE57" box="[873,929,368,392]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEEF31DFC169025D0CFFE57" box="[945,1014,368,392]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEEF31DFBA6903AD74FFE57" box="[1025,1142,367,392]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F87BFFEEF31DFB0A9025D639FE57" box="[1197,1280,368,392]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Kansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
) usually have more developed yellow marks on the mesosoma. Besides that, the apical projection of the aedeagus is usually more concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A1CFFEEF31DFEA590E2D256FE0F" box="[258,367,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–109" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1926,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 102–109. Male genitalia: a, b) aedeagus (lateral and ventral view, respectively); c) paramere, internal view. 102) E. pictus; 103) E. sculleni; 104) E. smithii; 105) E. verticalis; 106) E. filiformis; 107) E. rufomaculatus; 108) E. versicolor; 109) General scheme of the apical projection of the aedeagus: a) weakly concave/truncate; b) strongly concave. Scale bar = 1mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458322/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 103b</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the bristles of the digitus are more evident.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3766512FFEEF31DFF609089D035FDC7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD33699FFEEF31DFF609089D035FDC7" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEEF31DFF609089D24CFE2A" bold="true" box="[199,373,476,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
Lectotype female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEEF31DFDCF9088D003FE2B" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" box="[616,826,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEEF31DFDCF9088D003FE2B" box="[616,826,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Eumenes belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in good condition and bears the labels: ‘Tex’ ‘[Red Label] TYPE No. \ 20671’ ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEEF31DFE749354D101FDC7" box="[467,568,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEEF31DFE749354D101FDC7" box="[467,568,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Eumenes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
\
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D1AFFEEF31DFDE19355D192FDC7" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1872" box="[582,683,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Eumenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belfragei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA8BFFEEF31DFDE19355D192FDC7" box="[582,683,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">belfragei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
\ Cres.’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |