treatments-xml/data/03/C5/87/03C58785FF8B172078EF3A96FEF3F99A.xml

<document id="718A18A38823F67710CB1B7BA06D4E13" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4021.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="71a92783-525b-4657-a07d-b137d00f0165" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="245989" ID-ZooBank="76B316C9-F7F8-4659-8693-B9771F34FFD2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461276073702" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zanata, Angela M. &amp; Ohara, Willian M." docDate="2015" docId="03C58785FF8B172078EF3A96FEF3F99A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04021p376.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4021 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Characidium summus Zanata &amp; Ohara, 2015, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="375" masterDocId="FFFCFFFDFF8A172778783938FFCFFFCA" masterDocTitle="A new species of Characidium Reinhardt (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from headwaters of rio Pacaás Novos, rio Madeira basin, Rondônia, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="376" masterPageNumber="368" pageNumber="369" updateTime="1698612701540" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9133DF06BADD4EEEDDC6F08BECDB4304">A new species of Characidium Reinhardt (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from headwaters of rio Pacaás Novos, rio Madeira basin, Rondônia, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="79E09610FBC464C36414760C1F98E36E">Zanata, Angela M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CE2D11734E6CCCDCCC933FB6F9E24D22">Ohara, Willian M.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D09B81FFFF8B172678EF3A96FD8EFC02" bold="true" box="[151,577,942,968]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8B172678EF3A96FD8EFC02" bold="true" box="[151,577,942,968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8B172678EF3A96FE6DFC02" ID-CoL="TMRM" box="[151,418,942,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8B172678EF3A96FE6DFC02" bold="true" box="[151,418,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">Characidium summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
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</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8B172678EF3AE9FF38FC20" blockId="1.[151,577,942,1002]" box="[151,247,977,1002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">
(
<figureCitation id="13572A16FF8B172678E73AE9FF10FC20" box="[159,223,977,1002]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1061]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characidium summus (a), holotype, MZUSP 116954, 34.5 mm SL, rio Pacaás Novos, tributary of rio Mamoré, Rondônia, Brazil. Lateral view of Erythrinus erythrinus (b) collected with C. summus, UFRO-I 23294, 33.7 mm SL, showing color pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245990/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
a)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766518FF8B172678EF3D21FBD7FB54" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8B172678EF3D21FAFFFB9C" blockId="1.[151,1436,1049,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8B172678EF3D21FEC4FBF8" bold="true" box="[151,267,1049,1074]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8B172678EF3D21FEC9FBF8" box="[151,262,1049,1074]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8B1726796B3D22FEBFFBF8" box="[275,368,1050,1074]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">MZUSP</collectionCode>
116954, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8B172679A33D21FD8FFBFB" box="[475,576,1049,1074]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" unit="mm" value="34.5">34.5 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8B17267A303D22FDA4FBF8" box="[584,619,1050,1074]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">SL</collectionCode>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8B17267A0F3D21FD71FBF8" box="[631,702,1049,1074]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Rondônia, Guajará-Mirim, upper rio Pacaás Novos, tributary of rio Mamoré, rio Madeira basin, 
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<geoCoordinate id="EE585054FF8B17267ADC3D05FC81FB9C" box="[676,846,1085,1110]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" precision="1" value="-63.629803">63º37'47.29&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, D. 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8B17267B043D05FC17FB9C" box="[892,984,1085,1110]" name="Hungary" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">Hungria</collectingCountry>
&amp; A.C. Ribeiro, 
<date id="FFD21053FF8B17267CE23D06FAE2FB9C" box="[1178,1325,1086,1110]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" value="2013-12-17">17 Dec 2013</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8B172678BF3D59FBD7FB54" blockId="1.[151,1436,1049,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8B172678BF3D59FE89FBB0" bold="true" box="[199,326,1121,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8B172678BF3D59FE8EFBB0" box="[199,321,1121,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8B172679343D5AFE66FBB0" box="[332,425,1122,1146]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">MZUSP</collectionCode>
116105, 11, 1 CS, 14.0– 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8B17267AC43D5AFCEFFBB3" box="[700,800,1122,1146]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2299999999999995" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" unit="mm" value="42.3">42.3 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8B17267B5F3D5AFC84FBB0" box="[807,843,1122,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">SL</collectionCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8B17267B2E3D5AFC6EFBB3" box="[854,929,1122,1145]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">MNRJ</collectionCode>
42909, 3, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8B17267C6E3D59FB76FBB3" box="[1046,1209,1121,1146]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.94" metricValueMin="2.56" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="39.4" valueMin="25.6">25.6–39.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8B17267CC73D5AFB2CFBB0" box="[1215,1251,1122,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">SL</collectionCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8B17267C963D5AFAE2FBB0" box="[1262,1325,1122,1146]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">INPA</collectionCode>
46986, 3, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8B172678EF3DBEFEF5FB57" box="[151,314,1158,1182]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9549999999999996" metricValueMax="3.09" metricValueMin="2.82" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" unit="mm" value="29.549999999999997" valueMax="30.9" valueMin="28.2">28.2–30.9 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8B172679383DBEFEABFB54" box="[320,356,1158,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">SL</collectionCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8B172679083DBEFE74FB54" box="[368,443,1158,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">UFRO</collectionCode>
23255, 2, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8B17267A493DBEFD1BFB57" box="[561,724,1158,1182]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.175" metricValueMax="2.92" metricValueMin="1.43" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" unit="mm" value="21.75" valueMax="29.2" valueMin="14.3">14.3–29.2 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8B17267AA33DBEFD31FB54" box="[731,766,1158,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">SL</collectionCode>
, collected with 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8B17267BD73DBDFBDAFB54" box="[943,1045,1157,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766518FF8B172678BF3D91FD74FA9B" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8B172678BF3D91FD74FA9B" blockId="1.[151,1436,1049,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8B172678BF3D91FE8EFB08" bold="true" box="[199,321,1193,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8B172679303D91FDF2FB0B" box="[328,573,1193,1217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8B172679303D91FDF2FB0B" box="[328,573,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">Characidium summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a unique species among congeners by lacking an adipose fin and having a complete lateral line. It can be further distinguished from congeners, including 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8B17267C5E3DF6FA57FB2C" authority="Buckup &amp; Hahn" authorityName="Buckup &amp; Hahn" box="[1062,1432,1229,1254]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vestigipinne">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8B17267C5E3DF6FB1FFB2F" box="[1062,1232,1230,1253]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">C. vestigipinne</emphasis>
Buckup &amp; Hahn
</taxonomicName>
, that have complete lateral line and adipose fin absent, vestigial or reduced by the absence of dark bars or spots on head, body or fins, except for a dark blotch immediately on the rear of opercle, a narrow midlateral dark stripe (less than half scale deep), and a dark basicaudal spot.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766518FF8B172378BF3C65FC93FA0A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="372" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8B172678BF3C65FC61F880" blockId="1.[151,1436,1049,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8B172678BF3C65FE96FABC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1373,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric data of 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8B17267A073C65FD2EFABC" box="[639,737,1373,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8B17267B513C66FC5BFABC" box="[809,916,1374,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="369" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
presented in Table 1. Body fusiform and moderately compressed. Greatest body depth at vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile convex from upper lip to vertical through nares, slightly convex to nearly straight from this point to end of occipital process, slightly convex to nearly straight from this point to origin of dorsal-fin base, slightly convex along dorsal-fin base, and nearly straight from end of dorsal-fin base to origin of anteriormost dorsal procurrent caudal-fin ray. Vent ral profile straight to slightly convex from anterior portion of head to pelvic-fin origin, straight from latter point to origin of anal fin, straight and posterodorsally slanted along anal-fin base and straight along caudal peduncle. Snout triangular-shaped in lateral view. Mouth subterminal, slightly more dorsal than ventral edge of orbit. Distal tip of maxilla surpassing anterior margin of orbit. Orbit rounded, horizontal length longer than snout length. Cheek thin, its depth around a third to a quarter of orbit diameter. Nares separated; anterior naris with raised margins; posterior naris considerably closer to orbit than to anterior naris, without skin flaps. Supraorbital reduced to a minute ossification on anterodorsal portion of eye (
<figureCitation id="13572A16FF8B17267AEC3FD1FD13F8C8" box="[660,732,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[396,1246,1240,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1247,1215,1934]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Anterior portion of cranium of Characidium summus, dorsal view, MZUSP 116105, 37.0 mm SL. Arrows indicate vestigial supraorbitals. Scale bar 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245991/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Nasal bones restricted to the ossified canal, without lateral lamella. Parietal fontanel limited anteriorly by frontals. Parietal branch of supraorbital canal present, not reaching frontal-parietal border. Epiphyseal branch of supraorbital canal absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8B172578BF3E6EFF29FF1F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1049,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,866]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="1" pageNumber="369">Dentary teeth in two rows; outer series with 10(1) or 12(1) conical teeth; teeth decreasing in size from symphysis; inner series, with around 15 minute conical teeth inserted on edge of replacement tooth trench. Dentary teeth usually inclined anteriomedially; distal portion of symphyseal tooth overlapping its contralateral in some specimens. Premaxilla with a single series of 7(2), 8*(12), 9(2), or 10(1) conical teeth, decreasing in size from symphysis. Maxillary edentulous. Ectopterygoid teeth 6(1), conical, distributed in one series. Mesopterygoid teeth absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF88172578BF39E7FD77FE1A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
Scales cycloid; 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF881725790139D8FE07FF32" box="[377,456,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">circulii</emphasis>
absent and around 25 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8817257AB539D8FCCCFF32" box="[717,771,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">radii</emphasis>
present on posterior field of scales. Lateral line complete, perforated scales 35(3), 36*(11), or 37(3); total horizontal scale rows above lateral line 4*(15) or 5(2); horizontal scale rows below lateral line 5*(14) or 6(2). Scales along middorsal line between supraoccipital and origin of dorsal fin around 15, but mostly disordered. Scales rows around caudal peduncle 14*(17). Axillary scale absent. Isthmus completely scaleless, but area between pectoral fins covered by scales. Pseudotympanum present, represented by small muscular hiatus at vertical through anterior portion of the swimbladder; hiatus situated between ribs of fifth and sixth vertebrae (
<figureCitation id="13572A16FF8817257A1E388FFD65FE1A" box="[614,682,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,959,981]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,193,937]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,938]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudotympanum of Characidium summus, MZUSP 116105, 29.4 mm, rio Pacaás Novos, tributary of rio Mamoré, Rondônia, Brazil. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245992/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF88172578BF38E4FC7EFD3C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
Dorsal-fin rays ii,9(3), 3,i,8(1), or 3,i,9*(13); distal margin of dorsal fin rounded. Dorsal-fin origin at middle of standard length and slightly anterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Adipose fin absent (20). Pectoral-fin rays highly variable iii,6,i(2), iii,6,ii(2), iii,7,i(2), iii,8,i(1), iii,8,ii(1), iv,6,i(1), iv,6,i(2), iv,7(4), or 4,i,8*(1); 1st and 2nd branched pectoral-fin rays longest; posterior tip of pectoral fin not reaching pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i*(16), or i,7(1); 2nd and 3rd branched pelvic-fin rays longest; posterior tip of pelvic fin not reaching anal-fin origin. Anal-fin rays ii,6*(15), iii,6(1), and iv, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8817257AE53BADFD08FD64" box="[669,711,661,686]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="2" pageNumber="370" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
the CS specimen; posterior margin of anal fin rounded. Caudalfin rays i,7,8,i(1), i,8,8,i*(15), or i,9,9,i(1). Caudal fin forked, lobes somewhat pointed, of similar size. Dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 9(1); ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays 9(1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF88172578BF3A39FC1DFCA8" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Total number of vertebrae 36(1); precaudal vertebrae 21(1); caudal vertebrae 15(1). Supraneural bones 4(1), similar in size. Epural bones 3(1). Uroneural bones 1(1). Branchiostegal rays 4(1); 3 connected to anterior ceratohyal, 1 connected to area between anterior and posterior ceratohyal.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF88172578EF3AA9FCFAFC02" blockId="2.[151,1436,912,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF88172578EF3AA9FEC5FC62" bold="true" box="[151,266,913,936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">TABLE I.</emphasis>
Morphometric data of 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8817257A723AA9FDA8FC62" box="[522,615,913,936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="370" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8817257AD83AA9FCC9FC62" box="[672,774,913,936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="370" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8817257B563AA8FBD5FC62" box="[814,1050,912,936]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8817257B563AA8FBD5FC62" box="[814,1050,912,936]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Characidium summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(number of specimens measured = 17). The range includes the 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF88172579B83A89FDEEFC02" box="[448,545,945,968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="370" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. SD = standard deviation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF88172578E73D35FA81F811" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<table id="F96CC433FF88E8D878E73ADCFA81F811" box="[159,1358,996,2011]" gridcols="5" gridrows="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73ADCFA81FBE9" box="[159,1358,996,1059]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73ADCFE7CFBE9" box="[159,435,996,1059]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Total length (mm)</th>
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3ADCFCFFFBE9" box="[722,816,996,1059]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Holotype 41.9</th>
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3ADCFBC7FBE9" box="[931,1032,996,1059]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Range 31.3–41.9</th>
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033ADCFB79FBE9" box="[1147,1206,996,1059]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Mean 38.6</th>
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563ADCFA81FBE9" box="[1326,1358,996,1059]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">SD –</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73D03FA81FB9B" box="[159,1358,1083,1105]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73D03FE7CFB9B" box="[159,435,1083,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Standard length (mm)</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3D03FCFFFB9B" box="[722,816,1083,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">34.5</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3D03FBC7FB9B" box="[931,1032,1083,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">25.3–42.3</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033D03FB79FB9B" box="[1147,1206,1083,1105]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">31.6</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563D03FA81FB9B" box="[1326,1358,1083,1105]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73D50FA81FBB4" box="[159,1358,1128,1150]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="370" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73D50FE7CFBB4" box="[159,435,1128,1150]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Percents of standard length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73DADFA81FB61" box="[159,1358,1173,1195]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73DADFE7CFB61" box="[159,435,1173,1195]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Depth at dorsal-fin origin</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3DADFCFFFB61" box="[722,816,1173,1195]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">22.5</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3DADFBC7FB61" box="[931,1032,1173,1195]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">21.7–25.2</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033DADFB79FB61" box="[1147,1206,1173,1195]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">23.3</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563DADFA81FB61" box="[1326,1358,1173,1195]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73DFBFA81FB13" box="[159,1358,1219,1241]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73DFBFE7CFB13" box="[159,435,1219,1241]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Depth at anal-fin origin</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3DFBFCFFFB13" box="[722,816,1219,1241]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">17.6</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3DFBFBC7FB13" box="[931,1032,1219,1241]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">16.9–18.7</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033DFBFB79FB13" box="[1147,1206,1219,1241]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">17.8</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563DFBFA81FB13" box="[1326,1358,1219,1241]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73DC8FA81FACC" box="[159,1358,1264,1286]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73DC8FE7CFACC" box="[159,435,1264,1286]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Caudal-peduncle depth</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3DC8FCFFFACC" box="[722,816,1264,1286]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">12.7</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3DC8FBC7FACC" box="[931,1032,1264,1286]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">12.2–13.4</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033DC8FB79FACC" box="[1147,1206,1264,1286]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">12.8</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563DC8FA81FACC" box="[1326,1358,1264,1286]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73C25FA81FAF9" box="[159,1358,1309,1331]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73C25FE7CFAF9" box="[159,435,1309,1331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Caudal-peduncle length</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3C25FCFFFAF9" box="[722,816,1309,1331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">18.7</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3C25FBC7FAF9" box="[931,1032,1309,1331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">18.1–20.7</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033C25FB79FAF9" box="[1147,1206,1309,1331]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">19.1</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563C25FA81FAF9" box="[1326,1358,1309,1331]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73C73FA81FAAB" box="[159,1358,1355,1377]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73C73FE7CFAAB" box="[159,435,1355,1377]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Snout to dorsal-fin origin</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3C73FCFFFAAB" box="[722,816,1355,1377]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">49.9</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3C73FBC7FAAB" box="[931,1032,1355,1377]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">48.2–52.5</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033C73FB79FAAB" box="[1147,1206,1355,1377]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">50.6</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563C73FA81FAAB" box="[1326,1358,1355,1377]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73C40FA81FA44" box="[159,1358,1400,1422]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73C40FE7CFA44" box="[159,435,1400,1422]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Snout to pectoral-fin origin</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3C40FCFFFA44" box="[722,816,1400,1422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">25.9</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3C40FBC7FA44" box="[931,1032,1400,1422]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">25.7–29.6</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033C40FB79FA44" box="[1147,1206,1400,1422]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">27.7</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563C40FA81FA44" box="[1326,1358,1400,1422]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73C9DFA81FA71" box="[159,1358,1445,1467]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73C9DFE7CFA71" box="[159,435,1445,1467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Snout to pelvic-fin origin</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3C9DFCFFFA71" box="[722,816,1445,1467]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">54.8</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3C9DFBC7FA71" box="[931,1032,1445,1467]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">54.2–58.5</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033C9DFB79FA71" box="[1147,1206,1445,1467]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">56.5</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563C9DFA81FA71" box="[1326,1358,1445,1467]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73CEBFA81FA23" box="[159,1358,1491,1513]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73CEBFE7CFA23" box="[159,435,1491,1513]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Snout to anal-fin origin</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3CEBFCFFFA23" box="[722,816,1491,1513]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">75.8</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3CEBFBC7FA23" box="[931,1032,1491,1513]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">75.5–79.9</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033CEBFB79FA23" box="[1147,1206,1491,1513]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">77.1</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563CEBFA81FA23" box="[1326,1358,1491,1513]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73F38FA81F9DC" box="[159,1358,1536,1558]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73F38FE7CF9DC" box="[159,435,1536,1558]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Anal-apex distance</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3F38FCFFF9DC" box="[722,816,1536,1558]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">93.9</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3F38FBC7F9DC" box="[931,1032,1536,1558]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">92.3–97.6</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033F38FB79F9DC" box="[1147,1206,1536,1558]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">94.0</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563F38FA81F9DC" box="[1326,1358,1536,1558]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73F15FA81F989" box="[159,1358,1581,1603]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73F15FE7CF989" box="[159,435,1581,1603]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Body width</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3F15FCFFF989" box="[722,816,1581,1603]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">13.5</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3F15FBC7F989" box="[931,1032,1581,1603]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">12.6-15.0</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033F15FB79F989" box="[1147,1206,1581,1603]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">14.0</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563F15FA81F989" box="[1326,1358,1581,1603]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73F63FA81F9BB" box="[159,1358,1627,1649]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73F63FE7CF9BB" box="[159,435,1627,1649]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Head length</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3F63FCFFF9BB" box="[722,816,1627,1649]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">26.2</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3F63FBC7F9BB" box="[931,1032,1627,1649]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">24.8–27.9</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033F63FB79F9BB" box="[1147,1206,1627,1649]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">26.4</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563F63FA81F9BB" box="[1326,1358,1627,1649]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73FB0FA81F954" box="[159,1358,1672,1694]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="370" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73FB0FE7CF954" box="[159,435,1672,1694]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Percents of head length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73F8DFA81F901" box="[159,1358,1717,1739]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73F8DFE7CF901" box="[159,435,1717,1739]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Horizontal eye diameter</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3F8DFCFFF901" box="[722,816,1717,1739]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">28.6</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3F8DFBC7F901" box="[931,1032,1717,1739]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">25.2–30.0</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033F8DFB79F901" box="[1147,1206,1717,1739]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">27.6</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563F8DFA81F901" box="[1326,1358,1717,1739]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73FDBFA81F933" box="[159,1358,1763,1785]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73FDBFE7CF933" box="[159,435,1763,1785]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Snout length</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3FDBFCFFF933" box="[722,816,1763,1785]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">22.0</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3FDBFBC7F933" box="[931,1032,1763,1785]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">20.0–24.4</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033FDBFB79F933" box="[1147,1206,1763,1785]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">21.6</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563FDBFA81F933" box="[1326,1358,1763,1785]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73E28FA81F8EC" box="[159,1358,1808,1830]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73E28FE7CF8EC" box="[159,435,1808,1830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Snout to maxillary tip</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3E28FCFFF8EC" box="[722,816,1808,1830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">26.4</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3E28FBC7F8EC" box="[931,1032,1808,1830]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">26.1–31.4</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033E28FB79F8EC" box="[1147,1206,1808,1830]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">29.1</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563E28FA81F8EC" box="[1326,1358,1808,1830]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73E05FA81F899" box="[159,1358,1853,1875]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73E05FE7CF899" box="[159,435,1853,1875]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Anterior naris to orbit</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3E05FCFFF899" box="[722,816,1853,1875]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">7.7</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3E05FBC7F899" box="[931,1032,1853,1875]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">6.4–9.5</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033E05FB79F899" box="[1147,1206,1853,1875]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">8.2</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563E05FA81F899" box="[1326,1358,1853,1875]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73E53FA81F84B" box="[159,1358,1899,1921]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73E53FE7CF84B" box="[159,435,1899,1921]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Posterior naris to orbit</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3E53FCFFF84B" box="[722,816,1899,1921]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">4.4</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3E53FBC7F84B" box="[931,1032,1899,1921]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">2.7–4.8</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033E53FB79F84B" box="[1147,1206,1899,1921]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">3.7</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563E53FA81F84B" box="[1326,1358,1899,1921]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73EA0FA81F864" box="[159,1358,1944,1966]" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73EA0FE7CF864" box="[159,435,1944,1966]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Cheek depth</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3EA0FCFFF864" box="[722,816,1944,1966]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">7.7</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3EA0FBC7F864" box="[931,1032,1944,1966]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">5.8–9.5</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033EA0FB79F864" box="[1147,1206,1944,1966]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">7.3</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563EA0FA81F864" box="[1326,1358,1944,1966]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355C34D1FF88E8D878E73EFDFA81F811" box="[159,1358,1989,2011]" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">
<th id="768D5DADFF88E8D878E73EFDFE7CF811" box="[159,435,1989,2011]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">Least interorbital width</th>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87AAA3EFDFCFFF811" box="[722,816,1989,2011]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">14.3</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87BDB3EFDFBC7F811" box="[931,1032,1989,2011]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">12.9–16.7</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87C033EFDFB79F811" box="[1147,1206,1989,2011]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">14.4</td>
<td id="768D5DADFF88E8D87D563EFDFA81F811" box="[1326,1358,1989,2011]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="370">1.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF13661BFF89172478EF3D02FED0FB47" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="371" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1060]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF89172478EF3D02FED0FB47" blockId="3.[151,1436,1082,1165]" pageId="3" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF89172478EF3D02FEDAFB85" bold="true" box="[151,277,1082,1104]" pageId="3" pageNumber="371">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF89172479643D03FE33FB9A" box="[284,508,1083,1104]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF89172479643D03FE33FB9A" box="[284,508,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="371">Characidium summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a), holotype, MZUSP 116954, 34.5 mm SL, rio Pacaás Novos, tributary of rio Mamoré, Rondônia, Brazil. Lateral view of 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF891724798D3D61FD1EFBA4" box="[501,721,1113,1134]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="371">Erythrinus erythrinus</emphasis>
(b) collected with 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8917247BEC3D62FBCCFBA5" box="[916,1027,1114,1135]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8917247BEC3D62FBCCFBA5" box="[916,1027,1114,1135]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="371">C. summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, UFRO-I 23294, 33.7 mm SL, showing color pattern.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF13661BFF89172478EF3E9CFDF3F813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245991/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="371" targetBox="[396,1246,1240,1914]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF89172478EF3E9CFDF3F813" blockId="3.[151,1435,1956,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF89172478EF3E9CFEDDF873" bold="true" box="[151,274,1956,1978]" pageId="3" pageNumber="371">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Anterior portion of cranium of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8917247A2C3E9CFCFFF870" box="[596,816,1956,1978]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8917247A2C3E9CFCFFF870" box="[596,816,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="371">Characidium summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view, MZUSP 116105, 37.0 mm SL. Arrows indicate vestigial supraorbitals. Scale bar 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF13661BFF8E172378EF3A87FDA3FC3E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245992/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="372" targetBox="[340,1246,193,937]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8E172378EF3A87FDA3FC3E" blockId="4.[151,1436,959,1012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8E172378EF3A87FEDFFC1E" bold="true" box="[151,272,959,981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Pseudotympanum of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8E172379843AF8FD12FC1F" box="[508,733,960,981]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8E172379843AF8FD12FC1F" box="[508,733,960,981]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">Characidium summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MZUSP 116105, 29.4 mm, rio Pacaás Novos, tributary of rio Mamoré, Rondônia, Brazil. Scale bar 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8E172378BF3D23FC93FA0A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1051,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8E172378BF3D23FE5AFBFE" bold="true" box="[199,405,1051,1076]" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
Ground color of head and body light brown (
<figureCitation id="13572A16FF8E17237BCE3D23FC35FBFE" box="[950,1018,1051,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1061]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characidium summus (a), holotype, MZUSP 116954, 34.5 mm SL, rio Pacaás Novos, tributary of rio Mamoré, Rondônia, Brazil. Lateral view of Erythrinus erythrinus (b) collected with C. summus, UFRO-I 23294, 33.7 mm SL, showing color pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245990/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
a). Head with minute melanophores homogeneously distributed over dorsal and ventral portion, not forming spots. Body similarly colored, usually slightly darker on dorsal half. Some specimens with inconspicuous reticulate pattern on dorsal half of body due to light concentration of melanophores on posterior margin of scales. Dark midlateral narrow stripe (less than half scale deep) usually extending from rear of opercle to caudal peduncle, but not reaching its end or the basicaudal spot. Dark blotch immediately at rear of opercle, over two first scales of the lateral line and formed by pigment on skin; blotch somewhat round in most specimens. Smallest specimen examined without dark stripe and anterior blotch. Vertical dark bars on body absent (n=19); one specimen with very inconspicuous vertical blotches below dark midlateral stripe on first half of body. Basicaudal black spot conspicuous and well defined, somewhat vertically elongated, occupying area on the base of 4–6 caudal-fin rays; small specimens with basicaudal spot distinctly black. Fins similarly colored to each other, with melanophores over rays; interradial membranes hyaline; paired and anal fins somewhat less pigmented on its distal half.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766518FF8E172378BF3CF3FE48F99A" pageId="4" pageNumber="372" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8E172378BF3CF3FB32F9CD" blockId="4.[151,1437,1051,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8E172378BF3CF3FE81FA2E" bold="true" box="[199,334,1483,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the Latin 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8E17237A6D3CF4FDA0FA29" box="[533,623,1484,1507]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8E17237A6D3CF4FDA0FA29" box="[533,623,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which means high, elevated, alluding to the high altitude where the species occurs, near Pico Tracoá, higher than 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8E17237AEE3CC8FD25F9CD" box="[662,746,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="372" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
above sea level in the Serra dos Pacaás Novos.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8E172378BF3F2BFE48F99A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1051,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8E172378BF3F2BFE77F9E6" bold="true" box="[199,440,1555,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
No hooks on fins or other sexually dimorphic features were observed externally on the specimens examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766518FF8E172378BF3F63FCFEF816" pageId="4" pageNumber="372" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8E172378BF3F63FD6BF952" blockId="4.[151,1437,1051,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8E172378BF3F63FEAFF9BE" bold="true" box="[199,352,1627,1652]" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">Distribution.</emphasis>
The new species is only known from upper rio Pacaás Novos, a tributary of rio Mamoré, rio Madeira basin, Rondônia State, 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8E172379863F47FD8DF952" box="[510,578,1663,1688]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13572A16FF8E17237A293F47FD58F952" box="[593,663,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[372,1210,199,1208]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[367,1220,193,1216]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Type-locality of Characidium summus new species (circle), upper rio Pacaás Novos drainage, rio Madeira basin, Guajará-Mirim, Rondônia, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245993/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8E172378BF3F9BFCFEF816" blockId="4.[151,1437,1051,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8E172378BF3F9BFDEAF976" bold="true" box="[199,549,1699,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">Habitat and ecological notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8E17237A563F9CFCEAF971" box="[558,805,1700,1724]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8E17237A563F9CFCEAF971" box="[558,805,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">Characidium summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in a headwater of the rio Pacaás Novos, at 920 meters above sea level, situated on the Serra dos Pacaás Novos, close to the highest peak of the Rondônia State, named Pico Tracoá, higher than 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8E17237A723FD4FDACF8C9" box="[522,611,1772,1796]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="372" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
. The 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8E17237ADC3FD4FD1BF8CE" box="[676,724,1772,1796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8E17237B223FD4FC19F8C9" box="[858,982,1772,1795]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8E17237B223FD4FC19F8C9" box="[858,982,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">C. summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is within the Conservation Unit Parque Nacional de Pacaás Novos, situated in the central portion of Rondônia State. The rio Pacaás Novos is a black water river, with moderate water current and predominantly rocky bottom. Specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8E17237C2F3E0CFB1AF881" box="[1111,1237,1844,1867]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="372" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8E17237C2F3E0CFB1AF881" box="[1111,1237,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">C. summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were sampled in small puddles (
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8E1723793B3E60FE44F8A5" box="[323,395,1880,1904]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="372" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 m</quantity>
wide and 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8E17237A783E6FFD8EF8A5" box="[512,577,1879,1904]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="372" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
deep) and laterally in the river backwaters, with water temperature of 22ºC, 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8E172378EF3E44FF76F859" box="[151,185,1916,1939]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">pH</collectingCountry>
3.58, dissolved oxygen 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8E172379B43E44FE31F85E" box="[460,510,1916,1940]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="372" unit="mg" value="7.0">7mg</quantity>
/L, satured oxygen 16%, and conductivity 10µm/cm. Only juveniles of 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8E17237D5C3E44FEC5F87D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">Erythrinus erythrinus</emphasis>
(Bloch &amp; Schneider) were sampled syntopically with the new species. Both species have color pattern and general shape of the body remarkably similar (
<figureCitation id="13572A16FF8E17237AA93EFBFCDFF816" box="[721,784,1987,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1061]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characidium summus (a), holotype, MZUSP 116954, 34.5 mm SL, rio Pacaás Novos, tributary of rio Mamoré, Rondônia, Brazil. Lateral view of Erythrinus erythrinus (b) collected with C. summus, UFRO-I 23294, 33.7 mm SL, showing color pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245990/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="372">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
b).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF13661BFF8F172278EF3DEDFE3EFAC0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245993/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" targetBox="[372,1210,199,1208]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8F172278EF3DEDFE3EFAC0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1237,1290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F172278EF3DEDFEDCFB20" bold="true" box="[151,275,1237,1259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Type-locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F172279BD3DEDFD6BFB21" box="[453,676,1237,1259]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F172279BD3DEDFD6BFB21" box="[453,676,1237,1259]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">Characidium summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B57FAFF8F17227AD33DEEFCEAFB21" box="[683,805,1237,1259]" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
(circle), upper rio Pacaás Novos drainage, rio Madeira basin, Guajará-Mirim, Rondônia, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3766518FF8F172178BF3C0EFF23FBFF" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="374" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8F172278BF3C0EFDB5F88D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1334,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F172278BF3C0EFEF4FA85" bold="true" box="[199,315,1334,1359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F1722793F3C0EFD8EFA84" box="[327,577,1334,1358]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F1722793F3C0EFD8EFA84" box="[327,577,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">Characidium summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not fit into any group of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227BBA3C0EFB99FA84" box="[962,1110,1334,1358]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227BBA3C0EFB99FA84" box="[962,1110,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">Characidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
previously proposed in the literature (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8F172279333C62FD82FAB9" author="Buckup" box="[331,589,1370,1395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" refString="Buckup, P. A. &amp; Reis, R. E. (1997) Characidiin genus Characidium (Teleostei, Characiformes) in southern Brazil, with description of three new species. Copeia, 3, 531 - 548. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1447557" type="journal article" year="1997">Buckup &amp; Reis, 1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8F17227A253C62FCA5FAB9" author="Buckup" box="[605,874,1370,1395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" refString="Buckup, P. A. &amp; Hahn, L. (2000) Characidium vestigipinne: a new species of Characidiinae (Teleostei, Characiformes) from Southern Brazil. Copeia, 2000, 150 - 155. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1643 / 0045 - 8511 (2000) 2000 [0150: CVANSO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Buckup &amp; Hahn, 2000</bibRefCitation>
; Graça &amp; Pavanelli, 2008; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8F17227CD63C62FF1BFA5D" author="Netto-Ferreira" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" refString="Netto-Ferreira, A. L., Birindelli, J. L. O. &amp; Buckup, P. A. (2013) A new miniature species of Characidium Reinhardt (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the headwaters of the rio Araguaia, Brazil. Zootaxa, 3664 (3), 361 - 368. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3664.3.6" type="journal article" year="2013">
Netto-Ferreira 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227D213C63FA5AFAB9" box="[1369,1429,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The unique potential synapomorphy shared with clades within 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227BDA3C46FBF9FA5C" box="[930,1078,1406,1430]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227BDA3C46FBF9FA5C" box="[930,1078,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">Characidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8F17227CB53C46FA4CFA5D" author="Buckup" box="[1229,1411,1406,1431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" refString="Buckup, P. A. (1993 b) Phylogenetic interrelationships and reductive evolution in Neotropical characidiin fishes (Characiformes: Ostariophysi). Cladistics, 9, 305 - 341. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.1993. tb 00227. x" type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="b">Buckup (1993b)</bibRefCitation>
is the scaleless isthmus, one of the features of the Clade C1. The absence of adipose fin is shared with 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227D4D3C9BFDE0FA15" authority="Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli &amp; Buckup" authorityName="Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli &amp; Buckup" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirim">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227D4D3C9BFA53FA70" box="[1333,1436,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C. mirim</emphasis>
Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli &amp; Buckup
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227A433CFFFD7FFA14" box="[571,688,1478,1502]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nupelia">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227A433CFFFD7FFA14" box="[571,688,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C. nupelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
da Graça, Pavanelli &amp; Buckup, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227C653CFFFABBFA15" authority="Melo &amp; Buckup" authorityName="Melo &amp; Buckup" box="[1053,1396,1478,1503]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmosum">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227C653CFFFB79FA14" box="[1053,1206,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C. stigmosum</emphasis>
Melo &amp; Buckup
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227DFA3CFFFF21F9C8" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227DFA3CFFFF21F9C8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C. xavante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
da Graça, Pavanelli &amp; Buckup, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227AD33CD3FC98F9C8" box="[683,855,1515,1538]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vestigipinne">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227AD33CD3FD71F9C8" box="[683,702,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227AA83CD3FC98F9C8" box="[720,855,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">vestigipinne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, according to the hypothesis of Netto- Ferreira 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F172278813F37FEFCF9EC" box="[249,307,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
(2013), these species belongs to the Clade C4, supported by two synapomorphies not observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F172278EF3F0BFE44F980" box="[151,395,1587,1611]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F172278EF3F0BFE44F980" box="[151,395,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">Characidium summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: absence of the parietal branch of the supraorbital canal and absence of the inner row of teeth on dentary. Furthermore, the new species does not share the incompleteness of lateral line or color patterns of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227DFA3F6FFF15F958" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirim">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227DFA3F6FFF15F958" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C. mirim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F172278903F43FE91F959" box="[232,350,1659,1683]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nupelia">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F172278903F43FE91F959" box="[232,350,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C. nupelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F172279143F43FDC9F958" box="[364,518,1659,1682]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmosum">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F172279143F43FDC9F958" box="[364,518,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C. stigmosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227A3D3F43FD72F958" box="[581,701,1659,1682]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227A3D3F43FD72F958" box="[581,701,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C. xavante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The combination of adipose fin absent and lateral line complete occurs occasionally in specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227A423FA7FD2CF97C" box="[570,739,1695,1718]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vestigipinne">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227A423FA7FD82F97C" box="[570,589,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227A243FA7FD2CF97C" box="[604,739,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">vestigipinne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to the original description, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227CBF3FA7FABEF97C" box="[1223,1393,1695,1718]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vestigipinne">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227CBF3FA7FABEF97C" box="[1223,1393,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C. vestigipinne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the adipose fin can be absent, vestigial or reduced in size (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8F17227A803FFAFC32F911" author="Buckup" box="[760,1021,1730,1755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" refString="Buckup, P. A. &amp; Hahn, L. (2000) Characidium vestigipinne: a new species of Characidiinae (Teleostei, Characiformes) from Southern Brazil. Copeia, 2000, 150 - 155. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1643 / 0045 - 8511 (2000) 2000 [0150: CVANSO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Buckup &amp; Hahn, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). However, as stated above, the latter species is a member of the Clade C4, closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227B783FDFFC02F935" authority="Regan" authorityName="Regan" box="[768,973,1766,1791]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rachovii">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227B783FDFFCB1F934" box="[768,894,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C. rachovii</emphasis>
Regan
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227BA23FDFFAEEF934" box="[986,1313,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227BA23FDFFBBAF934" box="[986,1141,1767,1790]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmosum">C. stigmosum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227CF83FDFFAEEF934" authority="Buckup &amp; Reis" authorityName="Buckup &amp; Reis" box="[1152,1313,1766,1790]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentale">C. occidentale</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Buckup &amp; Reis, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F1722797F3E33FD8AF8E9" authority="Buckup &amp; Reis" authorityName="Buckup &amp; Reis" box="[263,581,1802,1827]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientale">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F1722797F3E33FE41F8E9" box="[263,398,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C. orientale</emphasis>
Buckup &amp; Reis
</taxonomicName>
, sharing presence of a dark band along distal margin of anal and pelvic fins in adult males (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8F1722793A3E16FDA1F88D" author="Netto-Ferreira" box="[322,622,1838,1863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" refString="Netto-Ferreira, A. L., Birindelli, J. L. O. &amp; Buckup, P. A. (2013) A new miniature species of Characidium Reinhardt (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the headwaters of the rio Araguaia, Brazil. Zootaxa, 3664 (3), 361 - 368. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3664.3.6" type="journal article" year="2013">
Netto-Ferreira 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F172279933E17FDD3F88C" box="[491,540,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8F172178BF3E6BFDC2FED6" blockId="5.[151,1436,1334,2007]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="374" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">
A noteworthy condition for a species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227AEA3E6BFCE9F8A1" box="[658,806,1875,1899]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227AEA3E6BFCE9F8A1" box="[658,806,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">Characidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227BC13E6BFBFBF8A0" box="[953,1076,1875,1898]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227BC13E6BFBFBF8A0" box="[953,1076,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">C. summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the almost complete absence of supraorbital (
<figureCitation id="13572A16FF8F172279373E4EFE58F845" box="[335,407,1910,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[396,1246,1240,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1247,1215,1934]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Anterior portion of cranium of Characidium summus, dorsal view, MZUSP 116105, 37.0 mm SL. Arrows indicate vestigial supraorbitals. Scale bar 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245991/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). In fact, a minute vestigial supraorbital occurs. Loss of supraorbital was used to defined suprageneric relationships within characidiins and proposed as one of the three synapomorphies supporting the sister-group relationship of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F172279B63E87FD50F81D" box="[462,671,1983,2007]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Microcharacidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F172279B63E87FD50F81D" box="[462,671,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">Microcharacidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8F17227AAF3E87FC77F81D" box="[727,952,1983,2007]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Odontocharacidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8F17227AAF3E87FC77F81D" box="[727,952,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="373">Odontocharacidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the hypothesis B of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8F17227CD23E86FAAAF81D" author="Buckup" box="[1194,1381,1982,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="373" refString="Buckup, P. A. (1993 b) Phylogenetic interrelationships and reductive evolution in Neotropical characidiin fishes (Characiformes: Ostariophysi). Cladistics, 9, 305 - 341. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.1993. tb 00227. x" type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="b">Buckup (1993b)</bibRefCitation>
. The other two synapomorphies are loss of postcleithrum 1 and complete loss of lateral tooth cusps, the former not occurring in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C172179503984FE69FF1E" box="[296,422,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C172179503984FE69FF1E" box="[296,422,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the latter present. Although having a vestigial supraorbital, a feature not observed in congeners, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C1721796039D8FE5AFF32" box="[280,405,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C1721796039D8FE5AFF32" box="[280,405,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess the conspicuous basicaudal dark spot and overall body morphology similar to the species included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C1721790B383CFDC8FED6" box="[371,519,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C1721790B383CFDC8FED6" box="[371,519,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Characidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8C172178BF381FFE85FD07" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">
The new species possesses a remarkably small pseutotympanun when compared to the structure described recently for 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C172179503874FDD4FEAF" authority="Almeida" authorityName="Almeida" box="[296,539,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bahiense">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C172179503874FEF4FEA9" box="[296,315,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C172179343874FE7FFEAE" box="[332,432,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">bahiense</emphasis>
Almeida
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217A553874FCF2FEAF" authority="Fowler" authorityName="Fowler" box="[557,829,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculatum">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217A553874FD2BFEAE" box="[557,740,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. bimaculatum</emphasis>
Fowler
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217B373874FB77FEAF" authority="Zanata &amp; Camelier" authorityName="Zanata &amp; Camelier" box="[847,1208,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samurai">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217B373874FC1FFEAE" box="[847,976,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. samurai</emphasis>
Zanata &amp; Camelier
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217C863874FD9FFE42" authority="Travassos (Zanata &amp; Camelier, 2014)" authorityName="Travassos (Zanata &amp; Camelier" authorityYear="2014" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timbuiense">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217C863874FA53FEAE" box="[1278,1436,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. timbuiense</emphasis>
Travassos (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8C172179613848FD87FE42" author="Zanata" box="[281,584,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" refString="Zanata, A. M. &amp; Camelier, P. (2014) A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from small coastal drainages in northeastern Brazil, with remarks on the pseudotympanum of some species of the genus. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12, 333 - 342." type="journal article" year="2014">Zanata &amp; Camelier, 2014</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and other species examined herein for this feature. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217C9E3848FAA9FE42" box="[1254,1382,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217C9E3848FAA9FE42" box="[1254,1382,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the pseudotympanum is barely or not visible externally by transparency. After removal of the skin the aperture observed is elongate and narrow, positioned between ribs of the fifth and sixth vertebrae, which remain concealed (
<figureCitation id="13572A16FF8C172178E738E4FF2BFE3E" box="[159,228,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,959,981]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,193,937]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[340,1247,193,938]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudotympanum of Characidium summus, MZUSP 116105, 29.4 mm, rio Pacaás Novos, tributary of rio Mamoré, Rondônia, Brazil. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245992/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The opposite condition, with pseudotympanum visible through body wall and represented by a distinctly large aperture, usually with portions of two ribs exposed, occurs in species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217C743B38FB6FFDD2" box="[1036,1184,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217C743B38FB6FFDD2" box="[1036,1184,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Characidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a reduced lateral line (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C172179703B1CFE42FDF6" box="[264,397,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bahiense">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C172179703B1CFE42FDF6" box="[264,397,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. bahiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8C172179BE3B1DFD28FDF6" author="Zanata" box="[454,743,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" refString="Zanata, A. M. &amp; Camelier, P. (2014) A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from small coastal drainages in northeastern Brazil, with remarks on the pseudotympanum of some species of the genus. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12, 333 - 342." type="journal article" year="2014">Zanata &amp; Camelier, 2014</bibRefCitation>
: fig 3). This is the case in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217C773B1CFBBBFDF6" box="[1039,1140,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirim">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217C773B1CFBBBFDF6" box="[1039,1140,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. mirim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217CD33B1CFAECFDF6" box="[1195,1315,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217CD33B1CFAECFDF6" box="[1195,1315,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. xavante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both with pseudotympana similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C172179B83B70FD8AFDAA" box="[448,581,584,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bahiense">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C172179B83B70FD8AFDAA" box="[448,581,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. bahiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but with an even larger aperture, most of the hiatus situated between ribs of the fifth and sixth vertebrae plus a small opening anterior to the rib of fifth vertebra or posterior to the rib of the sixth vertebra. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C172179453BA8FDE4FD62" box="[317,555,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nupelia">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C172179453BA8FDE4FD62" box="[317,555,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Characidium nupelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217A193BA8FD36FD6D" box="[609,761,656,679]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmosum">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217A193BA8FD36FD6D" box="[609,761,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. stigmosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also possess similar pseudotympana, although with aperture slightly smaller.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8C172178BF3BEFFF23FBFF" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">
According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8C172179083BEFFD0DFD3A" author="Bockmann" box="[368,706,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" refString="Bockmann, F. A. &amp; Castro, R. M. C. (2010) The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography. Neotropical Ichthyology, 8, 673 - 706." type="journal article" year="2010">Bockmann &amp; Castro (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, a large and widely exposed pseudotympanum seems to be characteristic of small-sized otophysan fishes, which inhabit calm waters, including a few species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217D793BC4FA5AFCDE" box="[1281,1429,764,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217D793BC4FA5AFCDE" box="[1281,1429,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Characidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Comparisons of aspects of the pseudotympanum and lateral line completeness in species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217D703A18FA53FCF2" box="[1288,1436,800,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217D703A18FA53FCF2" box="[1288,1436,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Characidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabiting lotic and lentic environments reveal possibly related characters. 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8C17217B923A7CFBC6FC96" box="[1002,1033,836,860]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">As</collectingCountry>
discussed above, examined species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C172178CD3A50FE86FC4A" box="[181,329,872,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C172178CD3A50FE86FC4A" box="[181,329,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Characidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with lateral line incomplete also possess a widely exposed pseudotympanum and inhabit relatively calm waters (e.g., 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C172179153AB4FC4DFC6E" box="[365,898,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C172179153AB4FE37FC6E" box="[365,504,908,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bahiense">C. bahiense</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217A7E3AB4FDBFFC6E" box="[518,624,908,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirim">C. mirim</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217A063AB4FD36FC6E" box="[638,761,908,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nupelia">C. nupelia</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217B7F3AB4FC4DFC6E" box="[775,898,908,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">C. xavante</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217BBD3AB4FBAEFC6E" box="[965,1121,908,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmosum">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217BBD3AB4FBAEFC6E" box="[965,1121,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. stigmosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and congeners inhabiting moderate to fast running waters possess a complete lateral line and comparatively smaller pseudotympanum (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C172178EF3AECFE85FC26" box="[151,330,980,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculatum">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C172178EF3AECFE85FC26" box="[151,330,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. bimaculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C172179223AECFE18FC26" box="[346,471,980,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samurai">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C172179223AECFE18FC26" box="[346,471,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. samurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C1721799E3AECFDAEFC26" box="[486,609,980,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C1721799E3AECFDAEFC26" box="[486,609,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217AD93AECFCF3FC26" box="[673,828,980,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timbuiense">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217AD93AECFCF3FC26" box="[673,828,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. timbuiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, clear-cut criteria to indicate the degree of dependence between these features are lacking; confirmation of the hypothesis presented herein depends on future studies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766518FF8C172178BF3D78FED4F977" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8C172178BF3D78FED4F977" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C172178BF3D78FE71FB92" ID-CoL="TMRM" box="[199,446,1088,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C172178BF3D78FE71FB92" box="[199,446,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Characidium summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
apparently is a moderate water current dwelling fish and does not possess adaptations cited by Buckup 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C1721792C3D5DFE49FBB6" box="[340,390,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">et al</emphasis>
. (2000) for congeners that inhabit fast water current environments, as a streamlined body and paired-fins modifications. Rather, somewhat fragile paired fins and a somewhat truncated body are observed in the new species. 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8C172179483D94FE80FB0E" box="[304,335,1196,1220]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">As</collectingCountry>
informed elsewhere, only juveniles of 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217B6A3D94FBC9FB0E" box="[786,1030,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Erythrinus erythrinus</emphasis>
were sampled syntopically with 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217DFA3D94FF3EFB22" ID-CoL="TMRM" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217DFA3D94FF3EFB22" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both species have a color pattern and general body shape remarkably similar (
<figureCitation id="13572A16FF8C17217CF73DF7FB1BFB22" box="[1167,1236,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1061]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Characidium summus (a), holotype, MZUSP 116954, 34.5 mm SL, rio Pacaás Novos, tributary of rio Mamoré, Rondônia, Brazil. Lateral view of Erythrinus erythrinus (b) collected with C. summus, UFRO-I 23294, 33.7 mm SL, showing color pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245990/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
a, b), interpreted herein as a putative mimetic association among them. Mimetic relations involving 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217C2B3DCCFB28FAC6" ID-CoL="3M73" box="[1107,1255,1268,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217C2B3DCCFB28FAC6" box="[1107,1255,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Characidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, particularly 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217DFA3DCCFE88FAFA" ID-CoL="5XPYZ" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heirmostigmata">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217DFA3DCCFE88FAFA" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. heirmostigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was previously proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8C17217ACC3C20FC67FAFA" box="[692,936,1304,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" refString="Tencatt, L. F. C., Britto, M. R. &amp; Pavanelli, C. S. (2014) A new species of Corydoras Lacepede, 1803 (Siluriforme: Callichthyidae) from the upper rio Parana basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12, 89 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1679 - 62252014000100009" type="journal article">
Tencatt 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217B6B3C21FC86FAFA" box="[787,841,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
in the description of the syntopic catfish 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C172178EF3C04FCA7FA9E" ID-CoL="YPXL" authority="Tencatt, Britto &amp; Pavanelli, 2014" authorityName="Tencatt, Britto &amp; Pavanelli" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,872,1340,1365]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacrimostigmata">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C172178EF3C04FE1DFA9E" box="[151,466,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Corydoras lacrimostigmata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8C172179A63C05FCA7FA9E" author="Tencatt" box="[478,872,1340,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" refString="Tencatt, L. F. C., Britto, M. R. &amp; Pavanelli, C. S. (2014) A new species of Corydoras Lacepede, 1803 (Siluriforme: Callichthyidae) from the upper rio Parana basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 12, 89 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1679 - 62252014000100009" type="journal article" year="2014">Tencatt, Britto &amp; Pavanelli, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. According to the authors, both species possess resemblance in color pattern and form of caudal-fin lobes, more rounded in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217B8C3C58FB02FAB2" ID-CoL="YPXL" box="[1012,1229,1376,1400]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacrimostigmata">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217B8C3C58FB02FAB2" box="[1012,1229,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. lacrimostigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in congeners and very similar to the caudal-fin lobes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217AC43CBCFC59FA56" ID-CoL="5XPYZ" box="[700,918,1412,1436]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heirmostigmata">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217AC43CBCFC59FA56" box="[700,918,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. heirmostigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217BD53CBCFB68FA56" box="[941,1191,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Erythrinus erythrinus</emphasis>
possess widespread distribution, predatory habits, and a somewhat similar coloration pattern throughout South 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8C17217CDB3C9FFACCFA0A" box="[1187,1283,1447,1472]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">America</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8C17217D6C3C9FFECBFA2E" author="Oyakawa" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" refString="Oyakawa, O. T., Toledo-Piza, M. &amp; Mattox, G. M. T. (2013) Erythrinidae. In: Queiroz, L. J., Torrente-Vilara, G., Ohara, W. M., Pires, T. H. S., Zuanon, J. &amp; Doria, C. R. C (Eds.), Peixes do rio Madeira. Vol. I. Dialeto, Sao Paulo, pp. 70 - 76." type="book chapter" year="2013">
Oyakawa 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217DF03C91FF62FA2E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
</bibRefCitation>
), possibly representing a model of Batesian mimicry. 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217BE83CF4FB5DFA2E" box="[912,1170,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217BE83CF4FB41FA2E" ID-CoL="TMRM" box="[912,1166,1484,1508]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">Characidium summus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
on the other hand, is apparently narrowly distributed, possess distinct color pattern from congeners, and possibly represents the mimic in the association. Previous mimetic relations involving 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217B763F2DFC6EF9E6" box="[782,929,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">E. erythrinus</emphasis>
were described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B62FF8C17217C033F2DFAEAF9E6" author="Brosset" box="[1147,1317,1556,1580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" refString="Brosset, A. (1997) Aggressive mimicry by the Characid fish Erythrinus erythrinus. Ethology, 103, 926 - 934. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.1997. tb 00134. x" type="journal article" year="1997">Brosset (1997)</bibRefCitation>
. However, that is a case of aggressive mimicry where 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217A053F01FCC0F99A" box="[637,783,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">E. erythrinus</emphasis>
plays the mime and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217B823F00FABEF99A" ID-CoL="3RY7H" authority="Hoedeman" authorityName="Hoedeman" box="[1018,1393,1591,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Laimosemion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilae">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217B823F00FB11F99A" box="[1018,1246,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Laimosemion agilae</emphasis>
(Hoedeman)
</taxonomicName>
the model, in a male-oriented mimicry. Understanding the ecological relationships between 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217CC43F64FAF0F9BE" ID-CoL="TMRM" box="[1212,1343,1628,1652]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summus">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217CC43F64FAF0F9BE" box="[1212,1343,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">C. summus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217DFC3F65FEC5F952" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">E. erythrinus</emphasis>
is critical to assess its ecological significance and the possible evolutionary process involved in the association.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3766518FF8C172078BF3FFFFEF3F99A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="375" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8C172178BF3FFFFA52F817" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C172178BF3FFFFD97F92A" bold="true" box="[199,600,1735,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Comparative material examined.</emphasis>
All from 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8C17217AA83FFFFCD8F92A" box="[720,791,1735,1760]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, except when noted. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217C773FF0FB39F92A" box="[1039,1270,1736,1760]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alipioi">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217C773FF0FB39F92A" box="[1039,1270,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Characidium alipioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217D703FF0FA9CF915" box="[1288,1363,1736,1759]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">MNRJ</collectionCode>
5550, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8C172178EF3FD4FF33F8CF" box="[151,252,1772,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 50.0 mm 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C1721790A3FD4FE5AF8CE" box="[370,405,1772,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio de Janeiro, rio Paraíba do Sul basin; 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217B133FD5FC79F8CE" box="[875,950,1773,1796]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">MNRJ</collectionCode>
5551, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8C17217C7B3FD5FBA9F8CF" box="[1027,1126,1773,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 51.0 mm 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217CA43FD4FACFF8CE" box="[1244,1280,1772,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217D733FD5FA99F8CE" box="[1291,1366,1773,1796]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">MNRJ</collectionCode>
5552, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8C172178EF3E28FF35F8E2" box="[151,250,1808,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8C1721797D3E28FEA5F8ED" box="[261,362,1808,1832]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.83" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="48.3">48.3 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C172179093E28FE5AF8E2" box="[369,405,1808,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C172179D93E28FE23F8ED" box="[417,492,1808,1831]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">MNRJ</collectionCode>
5553, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8C17217A413E28FD53F8E2" box="[569,668,1808,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 45.0 mm 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217B6B3E28FCF8F8E2" box="[787,823,1808,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217B3A3E28FC50F8E2" box="[834,927,1808,1832]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<date id="FFD21053FF8C17217BDF3E28FC32F8E2" box="[935,1021,1808,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" value="31-11-23">112331</date>
, 6, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8C17217C5C3E37FB07F8ED" box="[1060,1224,1807,1832]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.13" metricValueMax="7.2299999999999995" metricValueMin="5.029999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="61.3" valueMax="72.3" valueMin="50.3">50.3–72.3 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217CB73E28FB3DF8E2" box="[1231,1266,1808,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
, São Paulo, rio Paraíba do Sul basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C172179E03E0CFE3AF886" box="[408,501,1844,1868]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">MZUSP</collectionCode>
80224, 12, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8C17217AFC3E0CFCE4F886" box="[644,811,1844,1869]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.92" metricValueMax="6.1899999999999995" metricValueMin="3.65" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="49.2" valueMax="61.9" valueMin="36.5">36.5–61.9 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217B4C3E0CFC98F886" box="[820,855,1844,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio de Janeiro, rio São João basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217D703E0CFF34F8BA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bahiense">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217D703E0CFF34F8BA" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Characidium bahiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C172179713E60FEA9F8BA" box="[265,358,1880,1904]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">MZUSP</collectionCode>
8940, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8C172179CB3E6FFDD7F8BA" box="[435,536,1879,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 16.0 mm 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217AF53E60FD7FF8BA" box="[653,688,1880,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
, Bahia, Arembepe; 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217BF53E60FC25F8BA" box="[909,1002,1880,1904]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">MZUSP</collectionCode>
8923, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8C17217C4F3E60FB55F8BA" box="[1079,1178,1880,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8C17217CDD3E60FAC6F8A5" box="[1189,1289,1880,1904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8699999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="18.7">18.7 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217D683E60FAFBF8BA" box="[1296,1332,1880,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217D473E60FA53F8BA" box="[1343,1436,1880,1904]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">MZUSP</collectionCode>
8924, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8C172178A63E45FE8EF85F" box="[222,321,1917,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8C172179363E44FE7BF85E" box="[334,436,1916,1941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="21.5">21.5 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C172179C43E44FE2FF85E" box="[444,480,1916,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C172179943E44FDF8F85E" box="[492,567,1916,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">UFBA</collectionCode>
7167, 23, 3 CS, 21.1–26.0 mm 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217BD03E44FC04F85E" box="[936,971,1916,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
, Bahia, rio Itapicuru basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8C17217D703E44FEE6F872" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculatum">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8C17217D703E44FEE6F872" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">Characidium bimaculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C172179423E99FE4AF872" box="[314,389,1953,1976]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">MNRJ</collectionCode>
21249, 14, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8C17217A683E98FD79F872" box="[528,694,1952,1977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0949999999999998" metricValueMax="4.14" metricValueMin="2.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="30.95" valueMax="41.4" valueMin="20.5">20.5–41.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217AC73E98FD2DF872" box="[703,738,1952,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
, Ceará, rio Curu basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217B8E3E99FB8EF872" box="[1014,1089,1953,1976]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">MNRJ</collectionCode>
4925, 1, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8C17217CC83E98FAD8F872" box="[1200,1303,1952,1977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="25.5">25.5 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217D673E98FA8CF872" box="[1311,1347,1952,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217D293E99FA53F872" box="[1361,1436,1953,1976]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">MNRJ</collectionCode>
4928, 1, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8C172178833EFCFE90F816" box="[251,351,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="28.7">28.7 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C1721791F3EFCFE45F816" box="[359,394,1988,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
, Ceará, rio Salgado basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217AC13EFCFCD9F816" box="[697,790,1988,2012]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<date id="FFD21053FF8C17217B663EFCFCBBF816" box="[798,884,1988,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" value="79-11-07">110779</date>
, 8, 29.4– 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8C17217BA53EFCFB8EF816" box="[989,1089,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.43" pageId="6" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="24.3">24.3 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8C17217C303EFCFBA4F816" box="[1096,1131,1988,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="374">SL</collectionCode>
, Paraíba, rio Acaraú basin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD33693FF8D172078EF39A0FEF3F99A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172078EF39A0FF2DFF7A" box="[151,226,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">UFBA</collectionCode>
3829, 6, 1 CS, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D172079E739AFFD89FF65" box="[415,582,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.665" metricValueMax="3.08" metricValueMin="2.25" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="26.65" valueMax="30.8" valueMin="22.5">22.5–30.8 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A3739A0FDBDFF7A" box="[591,626,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Paraíba, rio Piranhas basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207BBF39A0FBEBFF7A" box="[967,1060,152,176]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
68959, 1 CS, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207CA939A0FAF7FF65" box="[1233,1336,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2199999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="22.2">22.2 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207D3A39A0FAAAFF7A" box="[1346,1381,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio Grande do Norte, rio Ceará-Mirim. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207A503984FCBCFF1E" box="[552,883,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="declivirostre">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207A503984FD73FF1E" box="[552,700,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207A9F3984FCBCFF1E" box="[743,883,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">declivirostre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207BF93984FC11FF1E" box="[897,990,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
97137, 1, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207C2E3984FB75FF1E" box="[1110,1210,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="35.4">35.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207CB93984FB2BFF1E" box="[1217,1252,188,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Pará, rio Xingu basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D1720789939D8FEF1FF32" box="[225,318,224,248]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
82084, 2, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D172079C239E7FD90FF3D" box="[442,607,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="4.65" metricValueMin="4.45" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="45.5" valueMax="46.5" valueMin="44.5">44.5–46.5 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A1F39D8FD45FF32" box="[615,650,224,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Mato Grosso, rio Juruena basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207C7439D8FBA6FF32" box="[1036,1129,224,248]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
84965, 1CS, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207D7F39D8FAA3FF3D" box="[1287,1388,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.38" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="43.8">43.8 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207D0C39D8FA58FF32" box="[1396,1431,224,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Amazonas, rio Negro basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207999383CFD32FED6" box="[481,765,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etheostoma">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207999383CFD32FED6" box="[481,765,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium etheostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B76383CFCA4FED6" box="[782,875,260,284]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
96860, 2CS, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207C74383CFB7DFED6" box="[1036,1202,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.39" metricValueMax="4.71" metricValueMin="4.07" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="43.9" valueMax="47.1" valueMin="40.7">40.7–47.1 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207CC2383CFB12FED6" box="[1210,1245,260,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Pará, rio Xingu basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D1720789C3810FE3FFE8A" box="[228,496,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D1720789C3810FE3FFE8A" box="[228,496,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium fasciatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A7B3810FDAFFE8A" box="[515,608,296,320]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
39676, 15, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207A8A381FFC56FEF5" box="[754,921,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4549999999999996" metricValueMax="3.6399999999999997" metricValueMin="3.2700000000000005" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="34.55" valueMax="36.4" valueMin="32.7">32.7–36.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207BDB3810FC09FE8A" box="[931,966,296,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Minas Gerais, rio São Francisco basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172078EF3874FE4FFEAE" box="[151,384,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesi">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172078EF3874FE4FFEAE" box="[151,384,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium gomesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079F73874FE23FEAE" box="[399,492,332,356]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
73193, 47, 25.8–32.0 mm 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B613874FCF3FEAE" box="[793,828,332,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Minas Gerais, rio Paranaíba basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207CB73874FAE3FEAE" box="[1231,1324,332,356]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
88440, 3, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D172078EF3857FE8DFE4D" box="[151,322,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6149999999999998" metricValueMax="4.279999999999999" metricValueMin="2.95" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="36.15" valueMax="42.8" valueMin="29.5">29.5–42.8 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079293848FEBBFE42" box="[337,372,368,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, São Paulo, rio Corumbataí. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207AA73848FCF3FE42" box="[735,828,368,392]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
98815, 1CS, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207B963857FB95FE4D" box="[1006,1114,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.24" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="52.4">52.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207C113848FB43FE42" box="[1129,1164,368,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, São Paulo, rio Tietê. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172078EF38ACFE0AFE66" box="[151,453,404,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grajahuensis">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172078EF38ACFE0AFE66" box="[151,453,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium grajahuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079AD38ADFDEFFE66" box="[469,544,405,428]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MNRJ</collectionCode>
3855, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D17207A0838ACFD1DFE67" box="[624,722,404,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(snout damaged, precise measurement currently not possible), Rio de Janeiro, Grajaú. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172079D53880FD79FE1A" box="[429,694,440,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasemani">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172079D53880FD79FE1A" box="[429,694,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium hasemani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207AB03880FCEAFE1A" box="[712,805,440,464]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
91785, 4, 44.0–58.0 mm 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207C2E3880FBB6FE1A" box="[1110,1145,440,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Mato Grosso, rio Xingu basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D1720789438E4FD8DFE3E" box="[236,578,476,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heirmostigmata">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D1720789438E4FD8DFE3E" box="[236,578,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium heirmostigmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A2438E4FD76FE3E" box="[604,697,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
97738, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D17207B5438E4FC5EFE3F" box="[812,913,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207BDF38E4FBD8FE3E" box="[935,1047,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.46" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="34.6">34.6 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207C5138E4FB83FE3E" box="[1065,1100,476,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Paraná, rio Paraná basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172078EF3B38FE73FDDD" box="[151,444,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interruptum">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172078EF3B38FE73FDDD" box="[151,444,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium interruptum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079A83B38FDE2FDD2" box="[464,557,512,536]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
58992, 1, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207ACB3B38FCD3FDDD" box="[691,796,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.09" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="30.9">30.9 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B503B38FC84FDD2" box="[808,843,512,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio de Janeiro, rio São João basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207D703B38FEECFDF6" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japuhybense">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207D703B38FEECFDF6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium japuhybense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D1720794A3B1DFEB2FDF6" box="[306,381,549,572]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MNRJ</collectionCode>
5194, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D172079B23B1CFDE3FDF7" box="[458,556,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(snout damaged, precise measurement currently not possible), Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172079143B70FD6DFDAA" box="[364,674,584,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lagosantense">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172079143B70FD6DFDAA" box="[364,674,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium lagosantense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207AC23B70FCCAFD95" box="[698,773,584,607]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MNRJ</collectionCode>
3852, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D17207B1C3B7FFC09FDAA" box="[868,966,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(snout damaged, precise measurement currently not possible), Minas Gerais, rio São Francisco basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B203B55FC6CFD4E" box="[856,931,621,644]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MNRJ</collectionCode>
18108, 71, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207C503B54FB05FD4E" box="[1064,1226,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12" metricValueMax="3.12" metricValueMin="1.1199999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="21.2" valueMax="31.2" valueMin="11.2">11.2–31.2 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207CA83B54FB3CFD4E" box="[1232,1267,620,644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Minas Gerais, rio São Francisco basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172079D33BA8FDB1FD62" box="[427,638,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanei">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172079D33BA8FDB1FD62" box="[427,638,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium lanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207AF43BA8FD18FD6D" box="[652,727,656,679]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MNRJ</collectionCode>
6185, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D17207B5C3BB7FC46FD62" box="[804,905,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207BEC3BA8FC36FD6D" box="[916,1017,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="40.8">40.8 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B873BA8FBEDFD62" box="[1023,1058,656,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, São Paulo, rio Ribeira do Iguape basin; 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172078993B8DFEE3FD06" box="[225,300,693,716]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MNRJ</collectionCode>
9766, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D172079023B8DFE12FD07" box="[378,477,693,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D172079913B8CFD81FD06" box="[489,590,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.62" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="36.2">36.2 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A2D3B8CFDB6FD06" box="[597,633,692,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207AFC3B8DFD00FD06" box="[644,719,693,716]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MNRJ</collectionCode>
32884, 38, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207B2E3B8CFC36FD06" box="[854,1017,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="3.6399999999999997" metricValueMin="2.09" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="28.65" valueMax="36.4" valueMin="20.9">20.9–36.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207C783B8CFBECFD06" box="[1024,1059,692,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, São Paulo, rio Lajeado. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207D473B8CFA53FD06" box="[1343,1436,692,716]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
69585, 7, 25.2–31.0 mm 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079C53BE0FE2FFD3A" box="[445,480,728,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, São Paulo, rio Ribeira do Iguape basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207BBA3BE0FB79FD3A" box="[962,1206,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laterale">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207BBA3BE0FB79FD3A" box="[962,1206,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium laterale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207CB03BE0FAEAFD3A" box="[1224,1317,728,752]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
90204, 2, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D172078EF3BC4FEF1FCDE" box="[151,318,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.285" metricValueMax="2.51" metricValueMin="2.06" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="22.85" valueMax="25.1" valueMin="20.6">20.6–25.1 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079303BC4FEA4FCDE" box="[328,363,764,788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Mato Grosso, rio 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8D17207A333BC4FD62FCDF" box="[587,685,764,789]" name="Paraguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B7D3BC4FCADFCDE" box="[773,866,764,788]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
96687, 80, 15.7–24.0 mm 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207CDC3BC4FB08FCDE" box="[1188,1223,764,788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Mato Grosso, rio 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8D172078EF3A27FF36FCF2" box="[151,249,799,824]" name="Paraguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172079313A18FDE8FCF2" box="[329,551,800,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lauroi">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172079313A18FDE8FCF2" box="[329,551,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium lauroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A4E3A18FD4EFCFD" box="[566,641,800,823]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MNRJ</collectionCode>
5529, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D17207AB63A27FCFCFCF2" box="[718,819,799,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207B463A27FC6DFCFD" box="[830,930,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.04" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="60.4">60.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207BD13A18FC03FCF2" box="[937,972,800,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio de Janeiro, rio Paraíba do Sul basin; 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172078EF3A7DFF2DFC96" box="[151,226,837,860]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MNRJ</collectionCode>
5530, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D1720794A3A7DFE5AFC97" box="[306,405,837,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D172079D93A7CFDC8FC96" box="[417,519,836,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.68" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="56.8">56.8 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A773A7CFDFCFC96" box="[527,563,836,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A473A7CFD53FC96" box="[575,668,836,860]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<date id="FFD21053FF8D17207ADD3A7CFD34FC97" box="[677,763,836,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" value="59-11-03">110359</date>
, 5, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207B5D3A7CFC05FC96" box="[805,970,836,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.59" metricValueMin="3.11" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="38.5" valueMax="45.9" valueMin="31.1">31.1–45.9 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207BA93A7CFC3BFC96" box="[977,1012,836,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, São Paulo, rio Paraíba do Sul basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172078EF3A50FEB1FCB5" box="[151,382,872,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirim">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172078EF3A50FEB1FCB5" box="[151,382,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium mirim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079EE3A50FE3CFC4A" box="[406,499,872,896]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
97724, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D17207A1A3A50FD1FFC4A" box="[610,720,872,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 4, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207B733A50FC78FCB5" box="[779,951,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9299999999999997" metricValueMax="1.97" metricValueMin="1.89" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="19.299999999999997" valueMax="19.7" valueMin="18.9">18.9–19.7 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207BBF3A50FC25FC4A" box="[967,1002,872,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Mato Grosso, rio Araguaia basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172078EF3AB4FE45FC6E" box="[151,394,908,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nupelia">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172078EF3AB4FE45FC6E" box="[151,394,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium nupelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079E53AB4FE35FC6E" box="[413,506,908,932]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
87743, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D17207A273AB4FD0BFC6F" box="[607,708,908,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 29.0 mm 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B3F3AB4FCA5FC6E" box="[839,874,908,932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Mato Grosso, rio 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8D17207C353AB4FB60FC6F" box="[1101,1199,908,933]" name="Paraguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207D703AB4FF3CFC0D" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oiticicai">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207D703AB4FF3CFC0D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium oiticicai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D1720797B3A88FE81FC0D" box="[259,334,944,967]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MNRJ</collectionCode>
9480, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D172079E53A97FDCDFC02" box="[413,514,943,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207A773A97FDBBFC0D" box="[527,628,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.53" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="35.3">35.3 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A043A88FD50FC02" box="[636,671,944,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, São Paulo, rio Tietê basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B993A88FBF1FC02" box="[993,1086,944,968]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
108640, 2, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207CB03A88FAA2FC0D" box="[1224,1389,944,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.775" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.7399999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="37.75" valueMax="38.1" valueMin="37.4">37.4–38.1 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207D0C3A88FA58FC02" box="[1396,1431,944,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, São Paulo, rio Tietê basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079B73AECFDE3FC26" box="[463,556,980,1004]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
26973, 5CS, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207AB43AECFCBEFC26" box="[716,881,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.435" metricValueMax="5.13" metricValueMin="3.7399999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="44.349999999999994" valueMax="51.3" valueMin="37.4">37.4–51.3 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B023AECFC52FC26" box="[890,925,980,1004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, São Paulo, rio Tietê basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207C9A3AECFF31FBDA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pteroides">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207C9A3AECFAB9FC26" box="[1250,1398,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172078EF3AC0FF31FBDA" box="[151,254,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">pteroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079743AC0FEA6FBDA" box="[268,361,1016,1040]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
85653, 81, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D172079973ACFFD5CFBC5" box="[495,659,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.87" metricValueMin="1.63" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="28.7" valueMin="16.3">16.3–28.7 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207AE23AC0FD72FBDA" box="[666,701,1016,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Amazonas, rio Negro basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207C723AC0FAFFFBC5" box="[1034,1328,1016,1040]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pterostictum">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207C723AC0FAFFFBC5" box="[1034,1328,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium pterostictum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207D463AC0FA53FBDA" box="[1342,1436,1016,1040]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
43547, 15, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D172079603D24FE73FBFE" box="[280,444,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.325" metricValueMax="3.78" metricValueMin="2.87" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="33.25" valueMax="37.8" valueMin="28.7">28.7–37.8 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079BC3D24FE28FBFE" box="[452,487,1052,1076]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio Grande do Sul, Mampituba system. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207BB93D24FB74FBFE" box="[961,1211,1052,1076]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rachovii">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207BB93D24FB74FBFE" box="[961,1211,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium rachovii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207CB43D24FAE6FBFE" box="[1228,1321,1052,1076]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
49163, 8, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D172078EF3D07FEF6FB9D" box="[151,313,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.005" metricValueMax="3.42" metricValueMin="2.59" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="30.05" valueMax="34.2" valueMin="25.9">25.9–34.2 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079473D78FEADFB92" box="[319,354,1088,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio Grande do Sul, lagoa dos Patos drainage. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B143D78FC06FB92" box="[876,969,1088,1112]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
49172, 1CS, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207C193D07FB0BFB9D" box="[1121,1220,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="26.9">26.9 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207CB23D78FB22FB92" box="[1226,1261,1088,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Grande. 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172079253D5CFDAEFBB6" box="[349,609,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172079253D5CFD93FBB6" box="[349,604,1124,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samurai">Characidium samurai</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A153D5CFD05FBB6" box="[621,714,1124,1148]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
108188, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D17207B443D5CFC6EFBB7" box="[828,929,1124,1149]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207BC83D5CFBD7FBB6" box="[944,1048,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.66" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="46.6">46.6 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207C5B3D5CFB89FBB6" box="[1059,1094,1124,1148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Bahia, rio das Almas basin; 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172078EF3DB0FF3BFB6A" box="[151,244,1160,1184]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<date id="FFD21053FF8D172078853DBFFE9CFB6A" box="[253,339,1159,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" value="85-11-23">112385</date>
, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D172079183DB1FE01FB6B" box="[352,462,1161,1185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 9, 1 CS, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207A3C3DBFFD26FB6A" box="[580,745,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.405" metricValueMax="4.27" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="34.05" valueMax="42.7" valueMin="25.4">25.4–42.7 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A893DB0FCDAFB6A" box="[753,789,1160,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B5B3DB0FCA1FB6A" box="[803,878,1160,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">UFBA</collectionCode>
7259, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D17207BC73DB1FBE2FB6B" box="[959,1069,1161,1185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 7, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207C213DBFFB31FB6A" box="[1113,1278,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.17" metricValueMax="4.26" metricValueMin="2.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="31.7" valueMax="42.6" valueMin="20.8">20.8–42.6 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207D7E3DB0FAE6FB6A" box="[1286,1321,1160,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, collected with 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D172078AE3D94FEF3FB0F" box="[214,316,1196,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172079343D94FDAAFB0E" box="[332,613,1196,1220]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmosum">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172079343D94FDAAFB0E" box="[332,613,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium stigmosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A013D94FD19FB0E" box="[633,726,1196,1220]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
40804, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D17207B453D94FC6DFB0F" box="[829,930,1196,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207BCC3D94FBD1FB0E" box="[948,1054,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="33.5">33.5 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207C523D94FB82FB0E" box="[1066,1101,1196,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Goiás, rio Tocantins basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172078EF3DE8FEBBFB22" box="[151,372,1232,1256]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenue">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172078EF3DE8FEBBFB22" box="[151,372,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium tenue</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079F03DE8FE2AFB22" box="[392,485,1232,1256]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
63803, 6, 31.0– 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207AD33DE8FCDBFB22" box="[683,788,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.22" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="42.2">42.2 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B583DE8FC8CFB22" box="[800,835,1232,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio Grande do Sul, rio Jacuí basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207D703DE8FEDFFAC6" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timbuiense">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207D703DE8FEDFFAC6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium timbuiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D1720795B3DCDFEA1FAC6" box="[291,366,1269,1292]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MNRJ</collectionCode>
4285, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D172079BA3DCCFDE8FAC7" box="[450,551,1268,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207A4D3DCCFD52FAC6" box="[565,669,1268,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.18" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="51.8">51.8 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207ADF3DCCFD05FAC6" box="[679,714,1268,1292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Espírito Santo, rio Timbuí basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207C193DCCFAF0FAC6" box="[1121,1343,1268,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vidali">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207C193DCCFAF0FAC6" box="[1121,1343,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium vidali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207D293DCDFA53FAC6" box="[1361,1436,1269,1292]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MNRJ</collectionCode>
9757, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D172078993C2FFE89FAFA" box="[225,326,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D1720792D3C20FE72FAFA" box="[341,445,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.779999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="47.8">47.8 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079BF3C20FE25FAFA" box="[455,490,1304,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio de Janeiro, rio Soberbo. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B373C20FC63FAFA" box="[847,940,1304,1328]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
893909, 2 CS, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207C123C2FFADEFAFA" box="[1130,1297,1303,1328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.765" metricValueMax="4.84" metricValueMin="4.6899999999999995" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="47.65" valueMax="48.4" valueMin="46.9">46.9–48.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207D643C20FAF0FAFA" box="[1308,1343,1304,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Rio de Janeiro, rio São João. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172079EB3C04FD05FA9E" box="[403,714,1340,1364]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthopterum">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172079EB3C04FD05FA9E" box="[403,714,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium xanthopterum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207AA23C04FCF8FA9E" box="[730,823,1340,1364]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
53404, 2CS, 35.0– 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207C6C3C04FBB6FA9E" box="[1044,1145,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.59" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="35.9">35.9 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207CF93C04FB6BFA9E" box="[1153,1188,1340,1364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Goiás, rio Tocantins. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D172078EF3C58FE45FAB2" box="[151,394,1376,1400]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xavante">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D172078EF3C58FE45FAB2" box="[151,394,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium xavante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172079E33C58FE37FAB2" box="[411,504,1376,1400]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
87745, 
<typeStatus id="54D78831FF8D17207A2E3C59FD0BFAB3" box="[598,708,1377,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 20, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207A853C58FC6DFAB2" box="[765,930,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" metricValueMax="2.27" metricValueMin="1.39" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="18.3" valueMax="22.7" valueMin="13.9">13.9–22.7 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207BD23C58FC02FAB2" box="[938,973,1376,1400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Mato Grosso, rio Xingu basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207D473C58FA53FAB2" box="[1343,1436,1376,1400]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
91718, 2CS, 118.6– 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D172079023CBCFE12FA56" box="[378,477,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.91" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="19.1">19.1 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D1720799D3CBCFDC7FA56" box="[485,520,1412,1436]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Mato Grosso, rio Xingu basin. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207B0D3CBCFBBAFA56" box="[885,1141,1412,1437]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zebra">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207B0D3CBCFBC6FA56" box="[885,1033,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207C4F3CBCFBBAFA56" box="[1079,1141,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">zebra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207CFD3CBCFB2DFA56" box="[1157,1250,1412,1436]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
92910, 7, 26.5– 29.0 mm 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D1720797D3C90FEE7FA0A" box="[261,296,1448,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Amazonas, rio Negro basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A053C90FD15FA0A" box="[637,730,1448,1472]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
98203, 11, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207B1B3C9FFBC7FA0A" box="[867,1032,1447,1472]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.895" metricValueMax="3.1399999999999997" metricValueMin="2.65" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="28.95" valueMax="31.4" valueMin="26.5">26.5–31.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207C683C90FBFCFA0A" box="[1040,1075,1448,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Mato Grosso, rio Xingu basin. 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D172078EF3CF4FF3BFA2E" box="[151,244,1484,1508]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
85091, 2, 52.0– 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D172079D33CF4FDC1FA2E" box="[427,526,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.779999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="57.8">57.8 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207A6C3CF4FDF8FA2E" box="[532,567,1484,1508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Amazonas, rio Negro basin. 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8D17207BFB3CF5FC75FA2E" box="[899,954,1485,1508]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Peru</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207BBC3CF4FB0FFA2E" box="[964,1216,1484,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zebra">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207BBC3CF4FB97FA2E" box="[964,1112,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207CFA3CF4FB0FFA2E" box="[1154,1216,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">zebra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207CB73CF4FAE3FA2E" box="[1231,1324,1484,1508]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
77838, 2, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D172078EF3CD7FEF3F9C2" box="[151,316,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" metricValueMax="2.71" metricValueMin="2.35" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="25.3" valueMax="27.1" valueMin="23.5">23.5–27.1 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D1720793C3CC8FEA8F9C2" box="[324,359,1520,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Loreto, rio Pastaza basin. 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8D17207AE73CD7FD3BF9C2" box="[671,756,1519,1544]" name="Guyana" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Guiana</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207B783CC8FC24F9C2" box="[768,1003,1520,1544]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amaila">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207B783CC8FC24F9C2" box="[768,1003,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium amaila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207B843CC8FB96F9C2" box="[1020,1113,1520,1544]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
109096, 1CS, 
<quantity id="4C949B76FF8D17207D7E3CD7FAA3F9C2" box="[1286,1388,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.49" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" unit="mm" value="64.9">64.9 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207D0C3CC8FA58F9C2" box="[1396,1431,1520,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Potaro-Siparuni, rio Kuribrong. 
<collectingCountry id="F37B7603FF8D17207A7E3F2CFDB2F9E7" box="[518,637,1556,1581]" name="Venezuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D10FF8D17207AF23F2CFC44F9E6" box="[650,907,1556,1581]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zebra">
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207AF23F2CFCD1F9E6" box="[650,798,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">Characidium</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B918EA81FF8D17207B353F2CFC44F9E6" box="[845,907,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">zebra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207BE53F2CFC35F9E6" box="[925,1018,1556,1580]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">MZUSP</collectionCode>
96477, 1, 35.0 mm 
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE56FF8D17207C903F2CFAC4F9E6" box="[1256,1291,1556,1580]" pageId="7" pageNumber="375">SL</collectionCode>
, Bolivar, rio Orinoco basin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>