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<mods:title id="BFCF5C53EE75895E3AAEBDDBBDB746FB">New and revised taxa of Carboniferous spiriferides (Brachiopoda, Spiriferida) from the Donets Basin (Ukraine) and South Urals (Russia)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03BA8E195956D209FE62C87EFE06B283" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14052662" ID-GBIF-Taxon="245929756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14052662" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0C805CE0-5009-4C43-BF07-087B0BBEB785" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA8E195956D209FE62C87EFE06B283" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" scope_class="Rhynchonellata" scope_order="Spiriferida" scope_phylum="Brachiopoda" scope_subOrder="Spiriferidina">
<subSubSection id="C3096C845956D208FE62C87EFBC0B72B" box="[504,1084,1111,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5956D208FE62C87EFBC0B72B" blockId="6.[504,1084,1111,1137]" box="[504,1084,1111,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">
Superfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FD0AC87EFBC0B72B" authority="Frederiks, 1924" authorityName="Frederiks" authorityYear="1924" box="[656,1084,1111,1137]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Brachythyridoidea">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FD0AC87EFC80B72B" bold="true" box="[656,892,1111,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Brachythyridoidea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5956D208FC1EC87EFBC0B72B" author="Frederiks G. N." box="[900,1084,1111,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="295 - 324" refId="ref10487" refString="Frederiks G. N. 1924. Paleontologicheskiye etyudy. 2. O verkhnekamennougol'nykh spiriferidakh Urala. Izvestiya Geologicheskogo Komiteta 38 (3): 295 - 324." type="journal article" year="1924">Frederiks, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096C845956D208FF27C8B1FAD2B634" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5956D208FF27C8B1FE51B7E9" blockId="6.[189,429,1176,1203]" box="[189,429,1176,1203]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">
<heading id="D0E488635956D208FF27C8B1FE51B7E9" bold="true" box="[189,429,1176,1203]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FF27C8B1FE51B7E9" bold="true" box="[189,429,1176,1203]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Diagnosis emended</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5956D208FF27C8EEFAD2B634" blockId="6.[189,1399,1223,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Outline commonly ovate; hinge line shorter than width, weakly denticulated; cardinal extremities rounded; lateral slopes usually with few simple coarse ribs or with numerous flat bifurcated ribs. Microornament absent or weakly developed. Delthyrium partially covered by deltidium or stegidial plates; subdelthyrial plates absent; ventral adminicula absent; vascular imprints pinnate or ramiform; miophragm or septum in ventral valve usualy absent. Dorsal adminicula and crural plates absent.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096C845956D209FF27C9BCFD91B233" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5956D208FF27C9BCFED3B6F5" blockId="6.[189,303,1429,1455]" box="[189,303,1429,1455]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">
<heading id="D0E488635956D208FF27C9BCFED3B6F5" bold="true" box="[189,303,1429,1455]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FF27C9BCFED3B6F5" bold="true" box="[189,303,1429,1455]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5956D209FF27C9EDFD91B233" blockId="6.[186,1400,1476,1995]" lastBlockId="7.[189,1401,265,362]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">
The presence of a denticulated hinge line in the ventral interarea of
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FC5EC9EDFAE1B684" authority="Phillips, 1836" authorityName="Phillips" authorityYear="1836" box="[964,1309,1476,1502]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Spirifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FC5EC9EDFB8AB684" box="[964,1142,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Spirifera ovalis</emphasis>
Phillips, 1836
</taxonomicName>
has not yet been demonstrated, but this character has been found and is supported by some other data.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5956D208FA92C9CEFE92B57E" author="Angiolini L. &amp; Long S. &amp; Davies L." pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="71 - 85" refId="ref9525" refString="Angiolini L., Long S. &amp; Davies L. 2011. Revision of Sowerby's species Spirifer bisulcatus, Spirifer pinguis and Spirifer rotundatus from the late Tournaisian - Visean of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 41: 71 - 85." type="journal article" year="2011">
Angiolini
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FF24CA22FF09B57E" box="[190,245,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">et al.</emphasis>
(2011: 71)
</bibRefCitation>
revised the Carboniferous brachiopod fauna from historical sections in
<collectingCountry id="F3047F9F5956D208FB15CA23FB0FB57E" box="[1167,1267,1546,1572]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">England</collectingCountry>
.As a result, they established the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FE60CA04FC41B512" authority="Angiolini et al., 2011" authorityName="Angiolini" authorityYear="2011" box="[506,957,1581,1608]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Brachythyrididae" genus="Latibrachythyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FE60CA04FD46B51D" box="[506,698,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Latibrachythyris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5956D208FD25CA04FC41B512" author="Angiolini L. &amp; Long S. &amp; Davies L." box="[703,957,1581,1608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="71 - 85" refId="ref9525" refString="Angiolini L., Long S. &amp; Davies L. 2011. Revision of Sowerby's species Spirifer bisulcatus, Spirifer pinguis and Spirifer rotundatus from the late Tournaisian - Visean of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 41: 71 - 85." type="journal article" year="2011">
Angiolini
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FCACCA07FC8EB51D" box="[822,882,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="54A881AD5956D208FC65CA07FBCDB512" box="[1023,1073,1582,1608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FB22CA04FA84B51D" box="[1208,1400,1581,1607]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Brachythyrididae" genus="Latibrachythyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FB22CA04FA84B51D" box="[1208,1400,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Latibrachythyris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FF43CA78FDB9B531" authority="Sowerby, 1821" authorityName="Sowerby" authorityYear="1821" box="[217,581,1617,1643]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Spirifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="pinguis">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FF43CA78FE72B530" box="[217,398,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Spirifer pinguis</emphasis>
Sowerby, 1821
</taxonomicName>
and has a denticulated hinge line.
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Carniti
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FBAFCA78FB8CB531" box="[1077,1136,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">et al.</emphasis>
(2022: 865)
</bibRefCitation>
attributed
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FF24CA5DFDB9B5D4" authority="de Koninck, 1883" authorityName="de Koninck" authorityYear="1883" box="[190,581,1652,1678]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Spirifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FF24CA5DFE88B5D4" box="[190,372,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Spirifer crassus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5956D208FEE2CA5DFDB9B5D4" author="de Koninck, L. G." box="[376,581,1652,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="371 - 395" refId="ref11073" refString="de Koninck, L. G. 1883. Sur le Spirifer Mosquensis et sur ses affinites avec quelques autres especes du meme genre. Bulletin du Musee royal d ' Histoire naturelle de Belgique 2: 371 - 395." type="journal article" year="1883">de Koninck, 1883</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FDF2CA5DFCD4B5D4" box="[616,808,1652,1678]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Brachythyrididae" genus="Latibrachythyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FDF2CA5DFCD4B5D4" box="[616,808,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Latibrachythyris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, following
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5956D208FC46CA5DFB22B5D4" author="Angiolini L. &amp; Long S. &amp; Davies L." box="[988,1246,1652,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="71 - 85" refId="ref9525" refString="Angiolini L., Long S. &amp; Davies L. 2011. Revision of Sowerby's species Spirifer bisulcatus, Spirifer pinguis and Spirifer rotundatus from the late Tournaisian - Visean of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 41: 71 - 85." type="journal article" year="2011">
Angiolini
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FBCACA5CFB75B5D4" box="[1104,1161,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
, also
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FA84CA5DFE0CB5E8" authority="Sowerby, 1825" authorityName="Sowerby" authorityYear="1825" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Spirifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="rotundatus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FA84CA5DFEC5B5EB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Spirifer rotundatus</emphasis>
Sowerby, 1825
</taxonomicName>
. There is no doubt that the authors definitions of these species are correct, but the exact definition of some
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FD91CA93FD5CB58E" authorityName="M'Coy" authorityYear="1844" box="[523,672,1722,1748]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Brachythyrididae" genus="Brachythyris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FD91CA93FD5CB58E" box="[523,672,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Brachythyris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like genera is problematic. An examination of the brachiopod collections of
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5956D208FEFCCAF4FDC2B5A2" author="de Koninck, L. G." box="[358,574,1757,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="371 - 395" refId="ref11073" refString="de Koninck, L. G. 1883. Sur le Spirifer Mosquensis et sur ses affinites avec quelques autres especes du meme genre. Bulletin du Musee royal d ' Histoire naturelle de Belgique 2: 371 - 395." type="journal article" year="1883">de Koninck (1883</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5956D208FDD6CAF7FD7BB5A2" author="di Koninck L. G." box="[588,647,1758,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref11114" refString="di Koninck L. G. 1887. Faune du Calcaire Carbonifere de la Belgique. Brachiopodes. Annales du Musee royal d ' histoire naturelle de Belgique 14: 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 149304" type="journal article" year="1887">1887</bibRefCitation>
) at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in
<collectingRegion id="49D7F1ED5956D208FA95CAF4FA88B5AD" box="[1295,1396,1757,1783]" country="Belgium" name="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Brussels</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3047F9F5956D208FF25CB28FED9B441" box="[191,293,1793,1819]" name="Belgium" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Belgium</collectingCountry>
, in 1992 showed that specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FD34CB28FBB3B441" authority="M'Coy, 1844" authorityName="M'Coy" authorityYear="1844" box="[686,1103,1793,1819]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Spiriferidae" genus="Spirifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="subrotundatus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FD34CB28FC53B441" box="[686,943,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Spirifer subrotundatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5956D208FC2CCB28FBB3B441" author="M'Coy F." box="[950,1103,1793,1819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" refId="ref11486" refString="M'Coy F. 1844. A Synopsis of the Characters of the Carboniferous Limestone Fossils of Ireland. Williams &amp; Nergate, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11559" type="book" year="1844">MCoy, 1844</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(sensu de
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5956D208FB59CB28FA92B441" author="di Koninck L. G." box="[1219,1390,1793,1819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref11114" refString="di Koninck L. G. 1887. Faune du Calcaire Carbonifere de la Belgique. Brachiopodes. Annales du Musee royal d ' histoire naturelle de Belgique 14: 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 149304" type="journal article" year="1887">Koninck, 1887</bibRefCitation>
) have a primary median costa in the sulcus and a distinct short septum in the ventral valve. Therefore, this species must now be assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FDDBCB6EFC16B43B" authority="Poletaev 1999" authorityName="Poletaev" authorityYear="1999" box="[577,1002,1863,1889]" genus="Phragmobrachythyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FDDBCB6EFCC2B43B" box="[577,830,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Phragmobrachythyris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5956D208FCDFCB6EFC16B43B" author="Poletaev V. I." box="[837,1002,1863,1889]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="41 - 49" refId="ref11899" refString="Poletaev V. I. 1999. The revision of Palaeochoristites and the new genus of the Lower Carboniferous spiriferide, Phragmobrachythyris. Paleontological Journal 3: 41 - 49." type="book chapter" year="1999">Poletaev 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the family
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FB2BCB6EFEACB4DE" authority="Carter, 1994" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1994" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Skelidorygmidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="family">
Skelidorygmidae
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5956D208FF24CB43FEACB4DE" author="Carter J. L. &amp; Johnson J. G. &amp; Gourvennec R. &amp; Hongfei H." box="[190,336,1898,1924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="327 - 374" refId="ref10124" refString="Carter J. L., Johnson J. G., Gourvennec R. &amp; Hongfei H. 1994. A revised classification of the spiriferid brachiopods. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 63: 327 - 374. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 215817 [accessed 10 Oct. 2024]" type="journal article" year="1994">Carter, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5956D208FEFBCB43FD57B4DE" author="Carter J. L. &amp; Gourvennec R." box="[353,683,1898,1924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" pagination="2772 - 2796" refId="ref10009" refString="Carter J. L. &amp; Gourvennec R. 2007. Spiriferida and Spiriferinida. In: Selden P. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt H, Revised Brachiopoda 6: 2772 - 2796. The Geological Society of America, The University of Kansas, Boulder and Lawrence." type="book chapter" year="2007">Carter &amp; Gourvennec 2007</bibRefCitation>
). A correct genus definition of all
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FBDFCB43FB26B4DE" authorityName="M'Coy" authorityYear="1844" box="[1093,1242,1898,1924]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Brachythyrididae" genus="Brachythyris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FBDFCB43FB26B4DE" box="[1093,1242,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Brachythyris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like spirifers is only possible by using serial cross sections of the apical part of the shell. The data presented above have shown that
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FE10CB98FDB6B491" box="[394,586,1969,1995]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Brachythyrididae" genus="Latibrachythyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FE10CB98FDB6B491" box="[394,586,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Latibrachythyris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a weakly denticulated hinge line and
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5956D208FBD2CB98FAB9B491" authorityName="Poletaev" authorityYear="1999" box="[1096,1349,1969,1995]" genus="Phragmobrachythyris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="138" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5956D208FBD2CB98FAB9B491" box="[1096,1349,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="138">Phragmobrachythyris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a miophragm or septum in the ventral valve. Altogether, these data do not allow to assign the families
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5957D209FF25CD05FDBBB21C" authority="Frederiks, 1924" authorityName="Fredericks" authorityYear="1924" box="[191,583,300,326]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Brachythyrididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="7" pageNumber="139" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="family">
Brachythyrididae
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5957D209FE0ACD05FDBBB21C" author="Frederiks G. N." box="[400,583,300,326]" pageId="7" pageNumber="139" pagination="295 - 324" refId="ref10487" refString="Frederiks G. N. 1924. Paleontologicheskiye etyudy. 2. O verkhnekamennougol'nykh spiriferidakh Urala. Izvestiya Geologicheskogo Komiteta 38 (3): 295 - 324." type="journal article" year="1924">Frederiks, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5957D209FD18CD05FCBBB21C" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1994" box="[642,839,300,326]" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Skelidorygmidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="7" pageNumber="139" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="family">Skelidorygmidae</taxonomicName>
to the superfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C13448C5957D209FBB4CD05FA89B21C" authority="Waagen, 1883" authorityName="Waagen" authorityYear="1883" box="[1070,1397,300,327]" class="Rhynchonellata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spiriferida" pageId="7" pageNumber="139" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Martinioidea">
Martinioidea
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5957D209FB51CD04FA89B21C" author="Waagen W. H." box="[1227,1397,300,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="139" pagination="391 - 546" refId="ref12671" refString="Waagen W. H. 1883. Salt Range fossils, vol. 1, part 4. Productus Limestone fossils, Brachiopoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, series 13 2: 391 - 546." type="book chapter" year="1883">Waagen, 1883</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, as I had done earlier (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8242FE5957D209FE2CCD66FD9DB233" author="Poletaev V. I." box="[438,609,335,361]" pageId="7" pageNumber="139" pagination="118 - 129" refId="ref12210" refString="Poletaev V. I. 2022. On the history of systematics and the evolution of the brachiopods order Spiriferida from the Carboniferous of Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 56 (7): 118 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / s 0031030122070127" type="journal article" year="2022">Poletaev 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3096C845957D209FF27CDB9FE06B283" pageId="7" pageNumber="139" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5957D209FF27CDB9FDFCB2F0" blockId="7.[189,512,400,426]" box="[189,512,400,426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="139">
<heading id="D0E488635957D209FF27CDB9FDFCB2F0" bold="true" box="[189,512,400,426]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="139" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B967E31D5957D209FF27CDB9FDFCB2F0" bold="true" box="[189,512,400,426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="139">Stratigraphic distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC3F0F5957D209FF27CDE9FE06B283" blockId="7.[189,506,447,474]" box="[189,506,447,474]" pageId="7" pageNumber="139">Late Devonian to Permian.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>