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<mods:title id="E9DDFAE7F3AAD5107B7F0819D864EF0E">A new species of and a new transfer from the millipede genus Polydrepanum Carl, 1932 (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Polydrepanini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="57D772B259C1556B08AFE5D40C16D77D">Sankaran, Pradeep M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03AFD369390B1013FF11FEB6F92CFBAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5970296" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148415560" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5970296" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AFD369390B1013FF11FEB6F92CFBAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AFD369390B1013FF11FEB6F92CFBAB" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
<subSubSection id="C31C31F4390B1013FF11FEB6F81FFE66" box="[151,553,360,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB9627F390B1013FF11FEB6F81FFE66" blockId="1.[151,553,360,386]" box="[151,553,360,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
<heading id="D0F1D513390B1013FF11FEB6F81FFE66" bold="true" box="[151,553,360,386]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FF11FEB6F81FFE66" bold="true" box="[151,553,360,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0619FC390B1013FF68FEB6F81FFE66" ID-CoL="7PV98" authority="Carl, 1932" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1932" box="[238,553,360,386]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Polydrepanum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FF68FEB6FB96FE66" bold="true" box="[238,416,360,386]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Polydrepanum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF971F8E390B1013FE21FEB6F81FFE66" box="[423,553,360,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refId="ref4047" refString="Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39, 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948" type="journal article">Carl, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31C31F4390B1013FF11FE70FB6DFCEF" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB9627F390B1013FF11FE70FB6DFCEF" blockId="1.[151,1437,430,1103]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FF11FE70FB27FE23" bold="true" box="[151,273,430,455]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Medium
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FEF1FE70FBB6FE23" bold="true" box="[375,384,430,455]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">-</emphasis>
sized (
<quantity id="4CFECF9A390B1013FE4FFE70F873FE23" box="[457,581,430,455]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="18.0">1825 mm</quantity>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C0619FC390B1013FDD2FE70F8C7FE23" authorityName="Jeekel" authorityYear="1968" box="[596,753,430,455]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Polydrepanini">Polydrepanini</taxonomicName>
with a normal pore formula: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15-19. Body with 20 segments, metaterga conspicuously nodose. Head slightly wider than collum. Paranota weakly developed. Metazonites setose or not, with deep, beaded transverse sulcus. Pleural keels visible only on first few segments. Male tarsal brushes present. Male femora 1 &amp; 2 or only 2 modified. A well-developed sternal lamella between male coxae 4. Gonopodal prefemur short. Gonopodal femorite with clear evidence of torsion except in
<taxonomicName id="4C0619FC390B1013FB55FDE1FF03FDB3" authority="Sankaran &amp; Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Sankaran &amp; Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[1235,1333,575,599]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Polydrepanum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fissum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FB55FDE1FF03FDB3" box="[1235,1333,575,599]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">P. fissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2410316390B1013FABAFDE0FFA3FDB3" box="[1340,1429,574,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FABAFDE0FFA3FDB3" bold="true" box="[1340,1429,574,599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which has incomplete torsion of gonopodal femorite. Seminal groove running along dorsal face of femorite. Entire telopodite strongly torsate. A basal postfemoral process absent. Solenophore divided into several branches, distally sickle-shaped, showing only a lamina lateralis with a mesal extension. Solenomere long and flagelliform with a strong distal curvature, almost entirely enclosed by lamina lateralis (
<bibRefCitation id="EF971F8E390B1013FC56FD10FE7DFD03" box="[976,1099,718,743]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refId="ref4047" refString="Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39, 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948" type="journal article">Carl 1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF971F8E390B1013FBDBFD11FEC0FD03" box="[1117,1270,719,743]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refId="ref3916" refString="Attems, C. (1937) Myriapoda 3. Polydesmoidea I. Fam. Strongylosomidae. Das Tierreich, 68, 1 - 300." type="journal article">Attems 1937</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF971F8E390B1013FA8FFD10FFA1FD03" box="[1289,1431,718,743]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refId="ref4276" refString="Jeekel, C. A. W. (1968) On the classification and geographical distribution of the family Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Privately published, Rotterdam, 162 pp." type="book">Jeekel 1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF971F8E390B1013FF11FD2CFB79FCEF" box="[151,335,754,779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refId="ref4112" refString="Golovatch, S. I. (1984) Some new or less known Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida) from India. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 30, 327 - 352." type="journal article">Golovatch 1984</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31C31F4390B1013FF41FCC8F92CFBAB" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB9627F390B1013FF41FCC8F9AEFCCB" blockId="1.[151,1437,430,1103]" box="[199,920,790,815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FF41FCC8FB52FCCB" bold="true" box="[199,356,790,815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Type species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0619FC390B1013FEEDFCC8F8C7FCCB" authority="Carl, 1932" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1932" box="[363,753,790,815]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Polydrepanum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamilum">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FEEDFCC8F844FCCB" box="[363,626,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Polydrepanum tamilum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF971F8E390B1013FDFFFCC8F8C7FCCB" box="[633,753,790,815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refId="ref4047" refString="Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39, 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948" type="journal article">Carl, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB9627F390B1013FF41FCE4F92CFBAB" blockId="1.[151,1437,430,1103]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FF41FCE4FB53FCB7" bold="true" box="[199,357,826,851]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Relationship.</emphasis>
Within
<taxonomicName id="4C0619FC390B1013FE38FCE4F868FCB7" authorityName="Jeekel" authorityYear="1968" box="[446,606,826,851]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Polydrepanini">Polydrepanini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0619FC390B1013FDEFFCE4F93BFCB7" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1932" box="[617,781,826,851]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Polydrepanum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FDEFFCE4F93BFCB7" box="[617,781,826,851]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Polydrepanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be particularly similar to the formally monotypic Indian genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0619FC390B1013FEBEFC80FBEEFC93" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1932" box="[312,472,862,887]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Telodrepanum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FEBEFC80FBEEFC93" box="[312,472,862,887]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Telodrepanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as both share the sickle-shaped solenophore and the distally curved, flagelliform solenomere (
<bibRefCitation id="EF971F8E390B1013FEAEFC5CFBA9FC7F" box="[296,415,898,923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refId="ref4047" refString="Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39, 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948" type="journal article">Carl 1932</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 52;
<bibRefCitation id="EF971F8E390B1013FD81FC5CF8F6FC7F" box="[519,704,898,923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refId="ref4112" refString="Golovatch, S. I. (1984) Some new or less known Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida) from India. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 30, 327 - 352." type="journal article">Golovatch 1984</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 8; herein
<figureCitation id="133D7EFA390B1013FCEFFC5CF9D3FC7F" box="[873,997,898,923]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,974,996]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,189,943]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[152,1435,179,953]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Original illustrations of Telodrepanum badaga Carl, 1932 (A) and Polydrepanum implicatum Carl, 1941 (B) showing structural similarities (reproduced from Carl (1932, 1941)). Arrows indicate sickle-shaped solenophore (1) and postfemoral process (2)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439590/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Fig. 5AB</figureCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="4C0619FC390B1013FBE9FC5CFF25FC7F" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1932" box="[1135,1299,898,923]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Polydrepanum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FBE9FC5CFF25FC7F" box="[1135,1299,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Polydrepanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C0619FC390B1013FEF8FC78F828FC5B" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1932" box="[382,542,934,959]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Telodrepanum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FEF8FC78F828FC5B" box="[382,542,934,959]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Telodrepanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. by the following combination of characters: solenomere sheathed by solenophore (
<taxonomicName id="4C0619FC390B1013FEB5FC14FBE5FC07" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1932" box="[307,467,970,995]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Telodrepanum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FEB5FC14FBE5FC07" box="[307,467,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Telodrepanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. with solenomere not sheathed by solenophore), only distal part of solenophore sickle-shaped (entire solenophore in
<taxonomicName id="4C0619FC390B1013FDE2FC30F932FBE3" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1932" box="[612,772,1006,1031]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Telodrepanum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FDE2FC30F932FBE3" box="[612,772,1006,1031]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Telodrepanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. sickle-shaped) and lacking postfemoral process (
<taxonomicName id="4C0619FC390B1013FF26FBCCFB76FBCF" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1932" box="[160,320,1042,1067]" class="Diplopoda" family="Paradoxosomatidae" genus="Telodrepanum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972BE6D390B1013FF26FBCCFB76FBCF" box="[160,320,1042,1067]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Telodrepanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. with anteriorly oriented postfemoral process) (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF971F8E390B1013FC42FBCCFE0FFBCF" box="[964,1081,1042,1067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refId="ref4047" refString="Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39, 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948" type="journal article">Carl 1932</bibRefCitation>
: figs 1618, 5254;
<bibRefCitation id="EF971F8E390B1013FAAEFBCCFAE5FBAB" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refId="ref4112" refString="Golovatch, S. I. (1984) Some new or less known Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida) from India. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 30, 327 - 352." type="journal article">Golovatch 1984</bibRefCitation>
: figs 811, 1417; herein
<figureCitation id="133D7EFA390B1013FE73FBE8F85FFBAB" box="[501,617,1078,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1370,1392]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,219,1318]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,211,1329]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Polydrepanum fissum sp. nov., male legs (AD) and gonopod (EF). A: Leg pair I, ventral view (insets adenostyle on right femur 1, lateral view (left) and tarsus of the right leg showing tarsal brush, lateral view (right)). B: Left leg of haplosegment 2, mesal view (inset tarsus of the same showing tarsal brush, mesal view). C: Left leg of haplosegment 3, mesal view (inset tarsus of the same showing tarsal brush, mesal view). D: Tarsus of right anterior leg of diplosegment 4 showing tarsal brush, mesal view. E: Right gonopod, ventral view. F: Same, mesal view. Scale bars: AC, EF 0.5 mm; D 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439586/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs 3EF</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133D7EFA390B1013FDF3FBE9F88DFBAB" box="[629,699,1079,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[321,1254,214,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[263,1278,193,1779]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Polydrepanum fissum sp. nov.. A: Right gonopod, ventral view. B: Same, mesal view. C: Same, lateral view. Abbreviations: C = cannula, dlLF = distolateral lobe of femorite, dlLL = distolateral lobe of lamina lateralis, F = femorite, FF = fold of femorite, GC = gonocoxa, LL = lamina lateralis, LLp = lateral lamellate process of solenophore, mLL = mesal extension of lamina lateralis, mTp = mesal triangular process of solenophore, MWp 1 &amp; 2 = membranous wing-like process of solenophore 1 and 2, PF = prefemur, SG = seminal groove, Sm = Solenomere, Sp = Solenophore. Arrows indicate tip of solenomere (3), branches of solenophore tip (12) and distoventral, long, stiff seta of prefemur (4). Scale bars: AB 0.5 mm; C 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439588/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">4AB</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133D7EFA390B1013FD40FBE8F938FBAB" box="[710,782,1078,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1230,1252]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,205,1191]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[152,1435,193,1208]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Previously known Polydrepanum spp.. A: Polydrepanum asperrimum (Carl, 1932) (reproduced from Carl (1932)). B: Polydrepanum horridum Golovatch, 1984 (reproduced from Golovatch (1984)). C: Polydrepanum tamilum Carl, 1932 (reproduced from Carl (1932)). DF: Undescribed Polydrepanum spp.: D: Polydrepanum sp. 1; E: Polydrepanum sp. 2; F: Polydrepanum sp. 3 (all reproduced from Bano &amp; Murthy (1997)). All figures not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439592/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">6AB</figureCitation>
).
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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