plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/A9/87/03A987F0944CFFD013B6FC9EDAE077D6.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

395 lines
66 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="D95896378DE6D9F40F39B22AD91E320C" ID-CLB-Dataset="96197" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5165.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d4d70573-1356-4ff2-8fae-af10ccdef495" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6831662" ID-ZooBank="6EE2801D-1D10-42FF-9949-D96FDAD46ABC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1657783919793" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vassallo-Avalos, Aurora, González-Muñoz, Ricardo, Acuña, Fabián H., Cervantes-Ramírez, Itzel Ittaí &amp; Rivas, Gerardo" docDate="2022" docId="03A987F0944CFFD013B6FC9EDAE077D6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5165.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5165 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Anthopleura artemisia" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="156" masterDocId="FF90FF889448FFD51321FFCDDB1B7376" masterDocTitle="Intertidal sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from the west coast of the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1699359011993" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="BB4FC2D8BFD5FE3D5F7F7C0FE8405F33" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B211001CE5D5B4882ACA10840C271C89">
<mods:title id="7B493D05DA491DDFDFF9FF42AD1BA74E">Intertidal sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from the west coast of the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5FCB2CAA7F206B5A3278D8A7F804D2DE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="05A0B1435CE89E6042896C60494990EA">
<mods:roleTerm id="B763F595AF469BEEB193792EF0DD618A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="20EE0196F37F1C5360AB4E549F772132">Vassallo-Avalos, Aurora</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BFAB986F163C040D79A1B45B1913A1CA" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4756-3460</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0AF617212DD2DDAA4D4EB0295D421B84">Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México. auroravassallo @ ciencias. unam. mx; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4756 - 3460 &amp; Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, Departamento Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A761DC81469F7FDB83EB58AC51EBC929" type="email">auroravassallo@ciencias.unam.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CDD37C4A2751662416AD0488217EF2F6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6DCBA0781B28E5D38BEC8A87E9BC4245">
<mods:roleTerm id="78450532C0873422F9932CCC0C8E7799">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2EFF6CE8926325BA63A30BF570A083CC">González-Muñoz, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4A29C37E635EAAF626FDACAE43AD946F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9509-0269</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="44C1E89B49AE4F9142CA2F765CAADAA8">Laboratorio de Biología de Cnidarios. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, C. P. 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina &amp; ricordea. gonzalez @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9509 - 0269</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="260FC2788B146FAE7D25577C304FB311" type="email">ricordea.gonzalez@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AD164BC2F078676791F262E666A05C65" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D8F3487F8905BD41D4F103E884779A0B">
<mods:roleTerm id="676A2EEB4CC82B36F2837F76C83676C1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="09259AD13F307544C4BD13734D19DAEF">Acuña, Fabián H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B96952D4AA012F9F849D4BBBC4D4D17C" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3075-2492</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DD4480A3C97FF200F999DA5C9B7B2517">Laboratorio de Biología de Cnidarios. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, C. P. 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina &amp; Estación Científica Coiba (Coiba-AIP), calle Gustavo Lara, Edificio 145 B, Clayton, Panamá, República de Panamá facuna @ mdp. edu. ar; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3075 - 2492</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8C6F3E12CAF3F8A7ABDEDCD125D67754" type="email">facuna@mdp.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AC6C02924ED6DF0D87DD35318EA1121D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="54A5CD86B82AF365D412C38C935C7B39">
<mods:roleTerm id="4881236372E79D57D425D8EFC5B2410A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="32C014AC038075A3F6BE32C9F2918EB0">Cervantes-Ramírez, Itzel Ittaí</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B39C8F1F21CBF796F5B72AB28470D533" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5220-9330</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="41632ABD59FB2872E2928BC332813E6F">Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, Departamento Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México &amp; ittai @ ciencias. unam. mx; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5220 - 9330</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="51A47D77AE572C42B343AC0112A5ADD0" type="email">ittai@ciencias.unam.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3F20C1A17CE482B485C4FD8F306ECA2D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E70244877C3C91F37B0D48A91F9AEB43">
<mods:roleTerm id="062AA3B9FB2D3899BC4A24999CA8CCA2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F57F58EAAEEF5B3AF77F132932999714">Rivas, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="829C757E440FC51362F6D74208EC28C0">Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, Departamento Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4844B81D96483EEC21143CBB716783A2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="187257ECEBF97236B07D8C8D8944F118" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="BFFDFA3CD1F209E2EEAE55E845C8B888">
<mods:title id="AA1748CF3CB98597155C09E2906D3E7F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B022881164955F2A055224B8AB0B00B4">
<mods:date id="B0A55DD569EC759423A144E2F0C42ADB">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5E62B2762FCD2BB108449D6B2C906F33" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="16C3377C02B64C9A3FA2A6512AAD652E">2022-07-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="7536A80D91E0925D6A87CAD5DE5AEFB3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C72348D779B79F581A841B15718C13CA">5165</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="7A9186471E34559BE2C2B340D8A237B5" type="issue">
<mods:number id="1FACD11EDC49BAE937BEA0471032F9C7">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="9BBB02CAA9930365E28986E8FF71AD7A" unit="page">
<mods:start id="BA40A4191202EFEFFE6B375A15E1149E">151</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5F4A6A1D232B68B9B20DA5101F391998">179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="3C311E5D3D751FA8178E6F5274BF2706">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0E49F0B1F35411811128449FA7743851" type="CLB-Dataset">96197</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1D4AE25B173EEFF21A36F015FADEE5F7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5165.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E571933ED91CD9F77ED8CD5C8C497F93" type="GBIF-Dataset">d4d70573-1356-4ff2-8fae-af10ccdef495</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="978D3B485C4E4B41C67FB4CACEC2BCF1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5F9B036E7F96D67688112EBA1835AEB4" type="Zenodo-Dep">6831662</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="308942D1A87911925083E25258665E65" type="ZooBank">6EE2801D-1D10-42FF-9949-D96FDAD46ABC</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A987F0944CFFD013B6FC9EDAE077D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6834811" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197528692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6834811" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987F0944CFFD013B6FC9EDAE077D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987F0944CFFD013B6FC9EDAE077D6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<subSubSection id="C31A656D944CFFD113B6FC9ED9F47018" box="[151,751,851,878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113B6FC9ED9F47018" blockId="4.[151,751,851,914]" box="[151,751,851,878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<heading id="D0F7818A944CFFD113B6FC9ED9F47018" bold="true" box="[151,751,851,878]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD113B6FC9ED9F47018" bold="true" box="[151,751,851,878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944CFFD113B6FC9EDAB37018" ID-CoL="5VFK8" baseAuthorityName="Pickering" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[151,424,851,878]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD113B6FC9EDAB37018" bold="true" box="[151,424,851,878]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Anthopleura artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pickering in
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944CFFD11178FC99D9FC7018" author="Dana, J. D." box="[601,743,852,878]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" refId="ref13255" refString="Dana, J. D. (1846) Zoophytes. Vol. VII of the United States Exploring Expedition. During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 740 pp." type="book" year="1846">Dana, 1846</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A656D944CFFD113B6FCB5DA9F70E4" box="[151,388,888,914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113B6FCB5DA9F70E4" blockId="4.[151,751,851,914]" box="[151,388,888,914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
(
<figureCitation id="133B2A63944CFFD113BEFCB5DA1B70E4" box="[159,256,888,914]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi in the margin. C) marginal projections with verrucae. D) detail of expanded column and pedal disc. E) column and tentacles slightly contracted. F) cross section of column at the level of the actinopharynx. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. (I–Y) Cnidae. tentacles: (I) basitrich, (J) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (K) holotrich I, (L) holotrich II, (M) basitrich, (N) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (O) basitrich, (P) p-mastigophore A; column: (Q) holotrich, (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) basitrich III, (U) spirocyst; filaments: (V) basitrich I, (W) basitrich II, (X) p-mastigophore A, (Y) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, c: column, ep: epidermis, me: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, vr: verrucae. Scale bars. A–E: 20 mm; F, H: 200 µm, G: 500 µm; I–Y: 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 3</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C682035D944CFFD1122DFCB5DA7A70E4" box="[268,353,888,914]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[150,238,613,639]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Size ranges and distribution of cnidae of Anthopleura artemisia: ml and mw are the means, N is the proportion of animals examined with the respective type of cnidae present; n is the number of capsules measured. Sizes in micrometers. Letters in parenthesis correspond with images in Fig. 3. (1) named as atrich, (2) microbasic p-mastigophore and (3) basitrich by Hand (1955)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F666E944EFFD313B7FDA8DADA71B1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" tableUuid="DF7F666E944EFFD313B7FDA8DADA71B1">Table 2</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C682035D944CFFD1124CFCB5DA6070E4" box="[365,379,888,914]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[150,238,483,509]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of the diagnostic features of the species of Anthopleura from the eastern Pacific Ocean based on published literature." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F666E944FFFD213B7FE2EDD6C728B" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" tableUuid="DF7F666E944FFFD213B7FE2EDD6C728B">3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A656D944CFFD113B6FC70D97C7718" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113B6FC70D88470A2" blockId="4.[151,982,956,1134]" box="[151,927,956,980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1011C8944CFFD113B6FC70D88470A2" box="[151,927,956,980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944CFFD113B6FC70DAB570A2" ID-CoL="9T5K" authority="Pickering" authorityName="Pickering" box="[151,430,956,980]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD113B6FC70DA5C70A2" box="[151,327,957,980]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Actinia artemisia</emphasis>
Pickering
</taxonomicName>
in
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110F7944CFFD112EFFC70D99570A2" author="Dana, J. D." box="[462,654,956,980]" page="149" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" year="1846">
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944CFFD112EFFC70D95E70A2" author="Dana, J. D." box="[462,581,956,980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" refId="ref13255" refString="Dana, J. D. (1846) Zoophytes. Vol. VII of the United States Exploring Expedition. During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 740 pp." type="book" year="1846">Dana, 1846</bibRefCitation>
, p. 149
</treatmentCitation>
–150 [original description]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113B6FC16D9F77085" blockId="4.[151,982,956,1134]" box="[151,748,987,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1011C8944CFFD113B6FC16D9F77085" box="[151,748,987,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944CFFD113B6FC16DAD77085" ID-CoL="5VFK8" authority="(Dana)" baseAuthorityName="Dana" box="[151,460,987,1011]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD113B6FC16DA677085" box="[151,380,987,1011]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Anthopleura artemisia</emphasis>
(Dana)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110F7944CFFD112F7FC16D9A17085" author="Carlgren, O." box="[470,698,987,1011]" page="384" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944CFFD112F7FC16D96B7085" author="Carlgren, O." box="[470,624,987,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="373 - 390" refId="ref12859" refString="Carlgren, O. (1952) Arkiv for Zoologi. Actiniaria from North America. Kunglia Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, 3, 373 - 390." type="journal article" year="1952">Carlgren, 1952</bibRefCitation>
, p. 384
</treatmentCitation>
–385
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113B6FC37D97A7764" blockId="4.[151,982,956,1134]" box="[151,609,1018,1042]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944CFFD113B6FC37DA4C7767" ID-CoL="NVBK" baseAuthorityName="Pickering" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[151,343,1018,1042]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD113B6FC37DA4C7767" box="[151,343,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Bunodes Artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic]: Gosse, 1855, p. 274
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113B6FBD4D9617746" blockId="4.[151,982,956,1134]" box="[151,634,1048,1072]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944CFFD113B6FBD4D9617746" authority=": Milne-Edwards, 1857, p. 268" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityPageNumber="268" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,634,1048,1072]" class="Anthozoa" family="Sagartiidae" genus="Cereus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD113B6FBD4DA5F7746" box="[151,324,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Cereus artemisia</emphasis>
: Milne-Edwards, 1857, p. 268
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113B6FBFAD8CD7739" blockId="4.[151,982,956,1134]" box="[151,982,1079,1103]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944CFFD113B6FBFADA4D7739" ID-CoL="ZFPB" baseAuthorityName="Pickering in Dana" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[151,342,1079,1103]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Cribrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD113B6FBFADA4D7739" box="[151,342,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Cribrina artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pickering in
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944CFFD112C7FBF5D9447739" author="Dana, J. D." box="[486,607,1079,1103]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" refId="ref13255" refString="Dana, J. D. (1846) Zoophytes. Vol. VII of the United States Exploring Expedition. During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 740 pp." type="book" year="1846">Dana, 1846</bibRefCitation>
): McMurrich, 1901, p. 15, 23–26, 38
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113B6FB9BD97C7718" blockId="4.[151,982,956,1134]" box="[151,615,1110,1134]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1011C8944CFFD113B6FB9BD97C7718" box="[151,615,1110,1134]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944CFFD113B6FB9BDA887718" ID-CoL="3DGB8" authority="Verrill" authorityName="Verrill" box="[151,403,1110,1134]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Evactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD113B6FB9BDA53771B" box="[151,328,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Evactis artemisia</emphasis>
Verrill
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110F7944CFFD112BAFB9BD97C7718" author="Verrill, E. A." box="[411,615,1110,1134]" page="471" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" year="1869">
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944CFFD112BAFB9BD9057718" author="Verrill, E. A." box="[411,542,1110,1134]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="377 - 558" refId="ref16628" refString="Verrill, E. A. (1869) Review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1, 377 - 558." type="journal article" year="1869">Verrill, 1869</bibRefCitation>
, p. 471
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A656D944CFFD113B6FB51DF3074DC" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113B6FB51D95077C0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1180,2035]" box="[151,587,1180,1206]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD113B6FB51DA9A77C0" bold="true" box="[151,385,1180,1206]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Material examined.</emphasis>
(See Appendix 1)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113E6FB0DDFA87534" blockId="4.[151,1437,1180,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD113E6FB0DDA8577AC" bold="true" box="[199,414,1216,1242]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Short description.</emphasis>
External anatomy: oral disc smooth, light-brown, reddish, purple, yellow, green, or orange, sometimes forming radial patterns and with mesenterial insertions visible as dark lines; outline of mouth circular (
<figureCitation id="133B2A63944CFFD113BEFAC5DA0C7654" box="[159,279,1288,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi in the margin. C) marginal projections with verrucae. D) detail of expanded column and pedal disc. E) column and tentacles slightly contracted. F) cross section of column at the level of the actinopharynx. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. (I–Y) Cnidae. tentacles: (I) basitrich, (J) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (K) holotrich I, (L) holotrich II, (M) basitrich, (N) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (O) basitrich, (P) p-mastigophore A; column: (Q) holotrich, (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) basitrich III, (U) spirocyst; filaments: (V) basitrich I, (W) basitrich II, (X) p-mastigophore A, (Y) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, c: column, ep: epidermis, me: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, vr: verrucae. Scale bars. A–E: 20 mm; F, H: 200 µm, G: 500 µm; I–Y: 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
). Tentacles shorter than oral disc, smooth, thin, conical, pointed, olive-green, white, pink, purple, reddish, orange, or translucent, sometimes with whitish circular spots on its oral side (
<figureCitation id="133B2A63944CFFD1170AFAE1DFB97630" box="[1067,1186,1324,1350]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi in the margin. C) marginal projections with verrucae. D) detail of expanded column and pedal disc. E) column and tentacles slightly contracted. F) cross section of column at the level of the actinopharynx. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. (I–Y) Cnidae. tentacles: (I) basitrich, (J) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (K) holotrich I, (L) holotrich II, (M) basitrich, (N) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (O) basitrich, (P) p-mastigophore A; column: (Q) holotrich, (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) basitrich III, (U) spirocyst; filaments: (V) basitrich I, (W) basitrich II, (X) p-mastigophore A, (Y) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, c: column, ep: epidermis, me: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, vr: verrucae. Scale bars. A–E: 20 mm; F, H: 200 µm, G: 500 µm; I–Y: 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
); tentacles arranged in five cycles (up to 72 tentacles in specimens examined), inner ones longer than outer ones (
<figureCitation id="133B2A63944CFFD117B4FA9DDE36761C" box="[1173,1325,1360,1386]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi in the margin. C) marginal projections with verrucae. D) detail of expanded column and pedal disc. E) column and tentacles slightly contracted. F) cross section of column at the level of the actinopharynx. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. (I–Y) Cnidae. tentacles: (I) basitrich, (J) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (K) holotrich I, (L) holotrich II, (M) basitrich, (N) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (O) basitrich, (P) p-mastigophore A; column: (Q) holotrich, (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) basitrich III, (U) spirocyst; filaments: (V) basitrich I, (W) basitrich II, (X) p-mastigophore A, (Y) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, c: column, ep: epidermis, me: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, vr: verrucae. Scale bars. A–E: 20 mm; F, H: 200 µm, G: 500 µm; I–Y: 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 3A–E</figureCitation>
). Shallow fosse. Margin with endocoelic marginal projections, yellowish to dark-gray, with opaque acrorhagi atop each projection (
<figureCitation id="133B2A63944CFFD113D2FA55DA7276C4" box="[243,361,1432,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi in the margin. C) marginal projections with verrucae. D) detail of expanded column and pedal disc. E) column and tentacles slightly contracted. F) cross section of column at the level of the actinopharynx. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. (I–Y) Cnidae. tentacles: (I) basitrich, (J) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (K) holotrich I, (L) holotrich II, (M) basitrich, (N) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (O) basitrich, (P) p-mastigophore A; column: (Q) holotrich, (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) basitrich III, (U) spirocyst; filaments: (V) basitrich I, (W) basitrich II, (X) p-mastigophore A, (Y) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, c: column, ep: epidermis, me: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, vr: verrucae. Scale bars. A–E: 20 mm; F, H: 200 µm, G: 500 µm; I–Y: 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 3B</figureCitation>
). Marginal projections with three to six verrucae (
<figureCitation id="133B2A63944CFFD110BFFA55DF0E76C4" box="[926,1045,1432,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi in the margin. C) marginal projections with verrucae. D) detail of expanded column and pedal disc. E) column and tentacles slightly contracted. F) cross section of column at the level of the actinopharynx. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. (I–Y) Cnidae. tentacles: (I) basitrich, (J) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (K) holotrich I, (L) holotrich II, (M) basitrich, (N) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (O) basitrich, (P) p-mastigophore A; column: (Q) holotrich, (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) basitrich III, (U) spirocyst; filaments: (V) basitrich I, (W) basitrich II, (X) p-mastigophore A, (Y) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, c: column, ep: epidermis, me: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, vr: verrucae. Scale bars. A–E: 20 mm; F, H: 200 µm, G: 500 µm; I–Y: 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 3C</figureCitation>
). Column cylindrical, in preserved specimens
<quantity id="4CF89B03944CFFD11232FA71DA6476A1" box="[275,383,1468,1495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="8.0">8–29 mm</quantity>
in height and
<quantity id="4CF89B03944CFFD11100FA71D99676A1" box="[545,653,1468,1495]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4–10 mm</quantity>
in diameter, elongate, light-brown, cream, or peach color, with endocoelic verrucae arranged in longitudinal rows extending halfway down the column, more prominent in the distal part, proximal part without verrucae or very few (
<figureCitation id="133B2A63944CFFD111EBF9C9D8597568" box="[714,834,1540,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi in the margin. C) marginal projections with verrucae. D) detail of expanded column and pedal disc. E) column and tentacles slightly contracted. F) cross section of column at the level of the actinopharynx. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. (I–Y) Cnidae. tentacles: (I) basitrich, (J) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (K) holotrich I, (L) holotrich II, (M) basitrich, (N) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (O) basitrich, (P) p-mastigophore A; column: (Q) holotrich, (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) basitrich III, (U) spirocyst; filaments: (V) basitrich I, (W) basitrich II, (X) p-mastigophore A, (Y) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, c: column, ep: epidermis, me: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, vr: verrucae. Scale bars. A–E: 20 mm; F, H: 200 µm, G: 500 µm; I–Y: 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
). Pedal disc well developed,
<quantity id="4CF89B03944CFFD117ADF9C9DFE37569" box="[1164,1272,1540,1567]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="9.0">9–13 mm</quantity>
in diameter in preserved specimens, adherent (
<figureCitation id="133B2A63944CFFD112DCF9E5D96A7534" box="[509,625,1576,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi in the margin. C) marginal projections with verrucae. D) detail of expanded column and pedal disc. E) column and tentacles slightly contracted. F) cross section of column at the level of the actinopharynx. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. (I–Y) Cnidae. tentacles: (I) basitrich, (J) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (K) holotrich I, (L) holotrich II, (M) basitrich, (N) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (O) basitrich, (P) p-mastigophore A; column: (Q) holotrich, (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) basitrich III, (U) spirocyst; filaments: (V) basitrich I, (W) basitrich II, (X) p-mastigophore A, (Y) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, c: column, ep: epidermis, me: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, vr: verrucae. Scale bars. A–E: 20 mm; F, H: 200 µm, G: 500 µm; I–Y: 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 3E</figureCitation>
). Preserved specimens light-brown to gray in color.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113E6F981DFF5746C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1180,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
Internal anatomy: mesenteries hexamerously arranged in four cycles: first, second and third cycles perfect, others imperfect. No directive mesenteries observed in the specimens examined. Actinopharynx sulcated with two siphonoglyphs attached to non-directive mesenteries in the specimens examined (
<figureCitation id="133B2A63944CFFD1173AF959DF9675D8" box="[1051,1165,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi in the margin. C) marginal projections with verrucae. D) detail of expanded column and pedal disc. E) column and tentacles slightly contracted. F) cross section of column at the level of the actinopharynx. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. (I–Y) Cnidae. tentacles: (I) basitrich, (J) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (K) holotrich I, (L) holotrich II, (M) basitrich, (N) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (O) basitrich, (P) p-mastigophore A; column: (Q) holotrich, (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) basitrich III, (U) spirocyst; filaments: (V) basitrich I, (W) basitrich II, (X) p-mastigophore A, (Y) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, c: column, ep: epidermis, me: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, vr: verrucae. Scale bars. A–E: 20 mm; F, H: 200 µm, G: 500 µm; I–Y: 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 3F</figureCitation>
). No gametogenic tissue observed in specimens examined. Retractor muscles well-developed and strong, restricted; parietobasilar muscles weak with short mesogleal pennon (
<figureCitation id="133B2A63944CFFD11115F911D9B57580" box="[564,686,1756,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi in the margin. C) marginal projections with verrucae. D) detail of expanded column and pedal disc. E) column and tentacles slightly contracted. F) cross section of column at the level of the actinopharynx. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. (I–Y) Cnidae. tentacles: (I) basitrich, (J) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (K) holotrich I, (L) holotrich II, (M) basitrich, (N) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (O) basitrich, (P) p-mastigophore A; column: (Q) holotrich, (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) basitrich III, (U) spirocyst; filaments: (V) basitrich I, (W) basitrich II, (X) p-mastigophore A, (Y) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, c: column, ep: epidermis, me: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, vr: verrucae. Scale bars. A–E: 20 mm; F, H: 200 µm, G: 500 µm; I–Y: 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 3G</figureCitation>
); basilar muscles well-developed. Endodermal marginal sphincter muscle circumscribed (
<figureCitation id="133B2A63944CFFD112BAF8CDD909746C" box="[411,530,1792,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi in the margin. C) marginal projections with verrucae. D) detail of expanded column and pedal disc. E) column and tentacles slightly contracted. F) cross section of column at the level of the actinopharynx. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. (I–Y) Cnidae. tentacles: (I) basitrich, (J) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (K) holotrich I, (L) holotrich II, (M) basitrich, (N) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (O) basitrich, (P) p-mastigophore A; column: (Q) holotrich, (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) basitrich III, (U) spirocyst; filaments: (V) basitrich I, (W) basitrich II, (X) p-mastigophore A, (Y) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, c: column, ep: epidermis, me: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, vr: verrucae. Scale bars. A–E: 20 mm; F, H: 200 µm, G: 500 µm; I–Y: 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 3H</figureCitation>
). Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal. Azooxanthellate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113E6F8E9D9387414" blockId="4.[151,1437,1180,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
Cnidom: basitrichs, spirocysts, holotrichs,
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD11184F8E8D9A87448" box="[677,691,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">p</emphasis>
-mastigophores A and
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD1108EF8E9D8A67448" box="[943,957,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">b</emphasis>
-mastigophores (
<figureCitation id="133B2A63944CFFD11759F8E9DE137448" box="[1144,1288,1828,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1709,1733]" captionTargetBox="[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[212,1376,181,1685]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi in the margin. C) marginal projections with verrucae. D) detail of expanded column and pedal disc. E) column and tentacles slightly contracted. F) cross section of column at the level of the actinopharynx. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. (I–Y) Cnidae. tentacles: (I) basitrich, (J) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (K) holotrich I, (L) holotrich II, (M) basitrich, (N) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (O) basitrich, (P) p-mastigophore A; column: (Q) holotrich, (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) basitrich III, (U) spirocyst; filaments: (V) basitrich I, (W) basitrich II, (X) p-mastigophore A, (Y) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, c: column, ep: epidermis, me: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, vr: verrucae. Scale bars. A–E: 20 mm; F, H: 200 µm, G: 500 µm; I–Y: 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831668/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Figure 3I–Y</figureCitation>
). See
<tableCitation id="C682035D944CFFD11668F8E9DE877448" box="[1353,1436,1828,1854]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[150,238,613,639]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Size ranges and distribution of cnidae of Anthopleura artemisia: ml and mw are the means, N is the proportion of animals examined with the respective type of cnidae present; n is the number of capsules measured. Sizes in micrometers. Letters in parenthesis correspond with images in Fig. 3. (1) named as atrich, (2) microbasic p-mastigophore and (3) basitrich by Hand (1955)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F666E944EFFD313B7FDA8DADA71B1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" tableUuid="DF7F666E944EFFD313B7FDA8DADA71B1">Table 2</tableCitation>
for sizes and distribution of cnidae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113E6F8A1DF3074DC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1180,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD113E6F8A1DA9D74F0" bold="true" box="[199,390,1900,1926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944CFFD112ACF8A1D99074F0" box="[397,651,1900,1926]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD112ACF8A1D99074F0" box="[397,651,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Anthopleura artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives in open shores, bays and estuaries (
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944CFFD1177DF8A1DFC574F1" author="Hand, C." box="[1116,1246,1900,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="37 - 99" refId="ref14872" refString="Hand, C. (1955) The sea anemones of Central California Part II. The endomyarian and mesomyarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 13, 37 - 99." type="journal article" year="1955">Hand 1955</bibRefCitation>
). Inhabits the intertidal zone, occasionally at higher levels, strongly attached to rocks, in crevices.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A656D944CFFD113E6F879DF4B7484" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944CFFD113E6F879DF4B7484" blockId="4.[151,1437,1180,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944CFFD113E6F879DA7A74B8" bold="true" box="[199,353,1972,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Distribution.</emphasis>
From Alaska to Southern California, and
<collectingCountry id="F3177676944CFFD1106BF878D89174B9" box="[842,906,1973,1999]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944CFFD110BAF879DF5F74B9" author="Carlgren, O." box="[923,1092,1972,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="373 - 390" refId="ref12859" refString="Carlgren, O. (1952) Arkiv for Zoologi. Actiniaria from North America. Kunglia Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, 3, 373 - 390." type="journal article" year="1952">Carlgren 1952</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944CFFD11772F879DFCE74B9" author="Hand, C." box="[1107,1237,1972,1999]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" pagination="37 - 99" refId="ref14872" refString="Hand, C. (1955) The sea anemones of Central California Part II. The endomyarian and mesomyarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 13, 37 - 99." type="journal article" year="1955">Hand 1955</bibRefCitation>
). This is the first record for the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F3177676944CFFD112B4F815DAF57484" box="[405,494,2008,2034]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Mexico</collectingCountry>
; found in La Chorera and Punta Baja,
<collectingRegion id="49C4F804944CFFD110BDF815DF507484" box="[924,1099,2008,2034]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Baja California</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A656D944DFFD013E6FF5BDAE077D6" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944DFFD013E6FF5BDF8F704F" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD013E6FF5BDA2073C6" bold="true" box="[199,315,150,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Remarks.</emphasis>
Taxonomic characteristics of the specimens examined agree well with those descriptions by
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD0161BFF5BDBF973A3" author="Carlgren, O." pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="373 - 390" refId="ref12859" refString="Carlgren, O. (1952) Arkiv for Zoologi. Actiniaria from North America. Kunglia Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, 3, 373 - 390." type="journal article" year="1952">Carlgren (1952)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD0123AFF77DAB673A3" author="Hand, C." box="[283,429,186,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="37 - 99" refId="ref14872" refString="Hand, C. (1955) The sea anemones of Central California Part II. The endomyarian and mesomyarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 13, 37 - 99." type="journal article" year="1955">Hand (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, mainly in the coloration of tentacles, column, and the most distal verrucae. In addition, specimens examined had three to six verrucae for each marginal projection, the closest to the acrorhagi being whitish to yellow in color, such as those reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD011E9FECFD847726B" author="Hand, C." box="[712,860,258,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="37 - 99" refId="ref14872" refString="Hand, C. (1955) The sea anemones of Central California Part II. The endomyarian and mesomyarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 13, 37 - 99." type="journal article" year="1955">Hand (1955)</bibRefCitation>
. However, specimens examined were smaller than those previously reported, and external tentacles were relatively shorter than internal ones. In addition, the marginal sphincter was observed as circumscribed, but without being markedly pinnate due to the fact that the lamellae arise from a small mesogleal axis that is not located in the center of the muscle but is oriented towards one of its sides (
<figureCitation id="133B2A63944DFFD013BEFE5FDBE772DA" box="[159,252,402,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. A) Anthopleura dowii, B) Bunodosoma californicum, C) Bunodosoma grande, D) Isoaulactinia hespervolita, E) Phymactis papillosa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6831666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6831666/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
), coinciding with the mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD011BDFE5FD83572DB" author="Hand, C." box="[668,814,402,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="37 - 99" refId="ref14872" refString="Hand, C. (1955) The sea anemones of Central California Part II. The endomyarian and mesomyarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 13, 37 - 99." type="journal article" year="1955">Hand (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, who points out that the sphincter can be asymmetric, with more lamellae on one side than the other. Furthermore, no directive mesenteries were observed in the examined specimens, contrary to what was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD011B5FE17D83E7283" author="Hand, C." box="[660,805,474,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="37 - 99" refId="ref14872" refString="Hand, C. (1955) The sea anemones of Central California Part II. The endomyarian and mesomyarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 13, 37 - 99." type="journal article" year="1955">Hand (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, with one to three siphonoglyphs each attached to a pair of directive mesenteries. However, it has been reported in other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD010F2FE33DF44716E" authorityName="Duchassaing de Fonbressin &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1860" box="[979,1119,510,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD010F2FE33DF44716E" box="[979,1119,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Anthopleura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that the absence of directive mesenteries can occur as a result of asexual reproduction (
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD0100DFDEFDF0E714A" author="Daly, M. &amp; Fautin, D. G." box="[812,1045,546,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref13197" refString="Daly, M. &amp; Fautin, D. G. (2004) Anthopleura mariscali, a new species of sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Galapagos Islands. Zootaxa, 416 (1), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 416.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">Daly &amp; Fautin 2004</bibRefCitation>
), and it is known that
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD01633FDEEDE87714A" box="[1298,1436,547,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD01633FDEEDE87714A" box="[1298,1436,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A. artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can undergo longitudinal fission (
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD0112EFD8BD98B7117" author="Hand, C." box="[527,656,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="37 - 99" refId="ref14872" refString="Hand, C. (1955) The sea anemones of Central California Part II. The endomyarian and mesomyarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 13, 37 - 99." type="journal article" year="1955">Hand 1955</bibRefCitation>
). Some other differences were found in the size ranges of cnidae with those previously reported for
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD012C8FDA6D96871F2" box="[489,627,619,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD012C8FDA6D96871F2" box="[489,627,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A. artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Basitrichs of tentacles and actinopharynx, and
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD017B6FDA6DFBE71F2" box="[1175,1189,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">p</emphasis>
-mastigophores of actinopharynx were smaller than those reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD011E1FD43D86F71DF" author="Carlgren, O." box="[704,884,654,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="373 - 390" refId="ref12859" refString="Carlgren, O. (1952) Arkiv for Zoologi. Actiniaria from North America. Kunglia Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, 3, 373 - 390." type="journal article" year="1952">Carlgren (1952)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD0108DFD43DF2771DF" author="Hand, C." box="[940,1084,654,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="37 - 99" refId="ref14872" refString="Hand, C. (1955) The sea anemones of Central California Part II. The endomyarian and mesomyarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 13, 37 - 99." type="journal article" year="1955">Hand (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, and basitrichs of the filaments were smaller than those reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD01119FD7FD9EB71BB" author="Carlgren, O." box="[568,752,690,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="373 - 390" refId="ref12859" refString="Carlgren, O. (1952) Arkiv for Zoologi. Actiniaria from North America. Kunglia Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, 3, 373 - 390." type="journal article" year="1952">Carlgren (1952)</bibRefCitation>
. In addition,
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD010A6FD7FDF0C71BB" author="Hand, C." box="[903,1047,690,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="37 - 99" refId="ref14872" refString="Hand, C. (1955) The sea anemones of Central California Part II. The endomyarian and mesomyarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 13, 37 - 99." type="journal article" year="1955">Hand (1955)</bibRefCitation>
reported two categories of microbasic
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD013F9FD1ADBFD7186" box="[216,230,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">p</emphasis>
-mastigophores, while only one was found in the specimens examined. The largest of the three categories of basitrichs from filaments reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD0111DFD37D9D17063" author="Hand, C." box="[572,714,762,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="37 - 99" refId="ref14872" refString="Hand, C. (1955) The sea anemones of Central California Part II. The endomyarian and mesomyarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 13, 37 - 99." type="journal article" year="1955">Hand (1955)</bibRefCitation>
may correspond to the
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD010F1FD37D8C57062" box="[976,990,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">b</emphasis>
-mastigophores observed in the samples examined, as well as those of the single category of basitrichs reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD010F8FCD3DF94704F" author="Carlgren, O." box="[985,1167,798,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="373 - 390" refId="ref12859" refString="Carlgren, O. (1952) Arkiv for Zoologi. Actiniaria from North America. Kunglia Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, 3, 373 - 390." type="journal article" year="1952">Carlgren (1952)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36E6944DFFD013E6FC8FDAE077D6" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
Of the other six species of
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD012D5FC8FD99B702A" authorityName="Duchassaing de Fonbressin &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1860" box="[500,640,834,860]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD012D5FC8FD99B702A" box="[500,640,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Anthopleura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported from the northeastern Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD01761FC8FDE2F702A" author="Daly, M. &amp; Fautin, D. G." box="[1088,1332,834,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refId="ref12995" refString="Daly, M. &amp; Fautin, D. G. (2022 a) World List of Actiniaria. Anthopleura elegantissima (Brandt, 1835). World Register of Marine Species. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 283347 (accessed 17 March 2022)" type="url" year="2022">Daly &amp; Fautin 2022a</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD01666FC8EDBCF70F6" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD01666FC8EDBCF70F6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A. artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished primarily by the arrangement of the verrucae on the column, which range from the margin to mid-column; in
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD0126EFC47D9A670D2" authority="Verrill, 1969" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1969" box="[335,701,906,932]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dowii">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD0126EFC47D93970D2" box="[335,546,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Anthopleura dowii</emphasis>
Verrill, 1969
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD011EBFC47DFB170D3" authority="(Brandt, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[714,1194,906,933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD011EBFC47D8E270D2" box="[714,1017,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Anthopleura elegantissima</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD01728FC47DFB970D3" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[1033,1186,906,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refId="ref12387" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1835) Polypos, acalephas discophoras et siphonophoras, nec non echinodermata continens. Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium AB H. Mertensio in Orbis Terrarum Circumnavigatione Observatorum. Sumptibus Academiae, Petropoli, 75 pp." type="book" year="1835">Brandt, 1835</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD01799FC47D96E70BE" authority="Vassallo-Avalos, Gonzalez-Munoz, Acuna" authorityName="Vassallo-Avalos, Gonzalez-Munoz, Acuna" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mariae">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD01799FC47DE8770D2" box="[1208,1436,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Anthopleura mariae</emphasis>
Vassallo-Avalos, González-Muñoz, Acuña
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<collectingRegion id="49C4F804944DFFD011BCFC63D9FB70BE" box="[669,736,942,968]" country="Nicaragua" name="Rivas" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Rivas</collectingRegion>
, 2020,
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD01017FC63DE0A70BE" authority="Pearse &amp; Francis, 2000" authorityName="Pearse &amp; Francis" authorityYear="2000" box="[822,1297,942,969]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sola">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD01017FC63D8E170BE" box="[822,1018,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Anthopleura sola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD01723FC62DE0A70BE" author="Pearse, V. &amp; Francis, L." box="[1026,1297,942,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="596 - 608" refId="ref15955" refString="Pearse, V. &amp; Francis, L. (2000) Anthopleura sola, a new species, solitary sibling species to the aggregating sea anemone, A. elegantissima (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actiniidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 113, 596 - 608." type="journal article" year="2000">Pearse &amp; Francis, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD01671FC63D993709A" authority="Spano &amp; Haussermann, 2017" authorityName="Spano &amp; Haussermann" authorityYear="2017" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radians">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD01671FC63DA26709A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Anthopleura radians</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD01263FC1FD993709A" author="Spano, C. &amp; Haussermann, V." box="[322,648,978,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref16416" refString="Spano, C. &amp; Haussermann, V. (2017) Anthopleura radians, a new species of sea anemone (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from northern Chile, with comments on other species of the genus from the South Pacific Ocean. Biodiversity and Natural History, 3 (1), 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2017">Spano &amp; Häussermann, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
the verrucae range from margin to the limbus, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD01631FC1FD9187767" authority="(Brandt, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xanthogrammica">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD01631FC1FDA4E7766" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Anthopleura xanthogrammica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD01244FC3BDAE07767" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[357,507,1014,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refId="ref12387" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1835) Polypos, acalephas discophoras et siphonophoras, nec non echinodermata continens. Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium AB H. Mertensio in Orbis Terrarum Circumnavigatione Observatorum. Sumptibus Academiae, Petropoli, 75 pp." type="book" year="1835">Brandt, 1835</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
they are not clearly arranged in rows (
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD0109AFC3BDF267767" author="Hand, C." box="[955,1085,1014,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="37 - 99" refId="ref14872" refString="Hand, C. (1955) The sea anemones of Central California Part II. The endomyarian and mesomyarian anemones. The Wasmann Journal of Biology, 13, 37 - 99." type="journal article" year="1955">Hand 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B17944DFFD01768FC3BDE8B7766" author="Vassallo-Avalos, A. &amp; Gonzalez-Munoz, R. &amp; Acuna, F. H. &amp; Rivas, G." box="[1097,1424,1014,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="159 - 170" refId="ref16556" refString="Vassallo-Avalos, A., Gonzalez-Munoz, R., Acuna, F. H. &amp; Rivas, G. (2020 b) Anthopleura mariae sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actiniidae), a new species of sea anemone from the Mexican Pacific. Pacific Science, 74 (2), 159 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 74.2.5" type="journal article" year="2020">
Vassallo-Avalos
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD01624FC3ADE257766" box="[1285,1342,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al.</emphasis>
2020b
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD013B6FBD7DADE7742" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[151,453,1050,1076]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegantissima">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD013B6FBD7DADE7742" box="[151,453,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Anthopleura elegantissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD012F5FBD6D9587742" box="[468,579,1051,1077]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mariae">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD012F5FBD6D9587742" box="[468,579,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A. mariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD01173FBD6D9BB7742" authorityName="Pearse &amp; Francis" authorityYear="2000" box="[594,672,1050,1077]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sola">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD01173FBD6D9BB7742" box="[594,672,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A. sola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD011FEFBD6D8A67742" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[735,957,1050,1077]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xanthogrammica">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD011FEFBD6D8A67742" box="[735,957,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A. xanthogrammica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present zooxanthellae, while these are absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD013C9FBF2DA6B772E" box="[232,368,1087,1113]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="artemisia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD013C9FBF2DA6B772E" box="[232,368,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A. artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD01287FBF2D900772E" authorityName="Spano &amp; Haussermann" authorityYear="2017" box="[422,539,1086,1113]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radians">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD01287FBF2D900772E" box="[422,539,1086,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A. radians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are unknown for
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD01031FBF2D876772E" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1969" box="[784,877,1086,1113]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dowii">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD01031FBF2D876772E" box="[784,877,1086,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A. dowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD0105AFBF3DF26772E" authorityName="Pearse &amp; Francis" authorityYear="2000" box="[891,1085,1086,1112]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sola">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD0105AFBF3DF26772E" box="[891,1085,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Anthopleura sola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD01753FBF2DE54772E" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[1138,1359,1086,1113]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xanthogrammica">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD01753FBF2DE54772E" box="[1138,1359,1086,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A. xanthogrammica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not reproduce asexually. Other characteristics to distinguish among the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C004D65944DFFD01737FBAFDFB9770A" authorityName="Duchassaing de Fonbressin &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1860" box="[1046,1186,1122,1148]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EAF4944DFFD01737FBAFDFB9770A" box="[1046,1186,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Anthopleura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the eastern Pacific region are compared in
<tableCitation id="C682035D944DFFD01280FB4BDAEE77D6" box="[417,501,1158,1184]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[150,238,483,509]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of the diagnostic features of the species of Anthopleura from the eastern Pacific Ocean based on published literature." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F666E944FFFD213B7FE2EDD6C728B" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" tableUuid="DF7F666E944FFFD213B7FE2EDD6C728B">Table 3</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink