242 lines
23 KiB
XML
242 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFE9FFE91398F5D4F859FADB" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Artibeus fimbriatus J. E. Gray 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="572" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="572" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>444</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>583</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6761653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6761653" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFE9FFE91398F5D4F859FADB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFE9FFE91398F5D4F859FADB" lastPageNumber="572" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<heading pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[164,763,2670,2716]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[160,1172,2670,2794]" box="[164,763,2670,2716]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[164,243,2670,2716]" captionStart="Plate 44: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="87.[142,171,3248,3273]" captionTargetBox="[12,2759,16,3658]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="187. Brown Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus concolor), 188. Honduran Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus inopinatus), 189. Fraternal Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus fraterculus), 190. Hairy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus hirsutus), 192. Ecuadorian Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aequatorialis), 193. Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus jamaicenss), 194. Dark Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus obscurus), 195. Schwartz’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus schwartzi), 196. Great Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus lLituratus), 197. Large Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus amplus), 198. Flat-faced Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus planirostris), 199. Rosenberg’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus rosenberg), 200. Thomas's Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus watsoni), 201. Toltec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus toltecus), 202. Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus phaeotis), 203. Gervais’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus cinereus), 204. Andersen’s Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus anderseni), 205. Little Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus ravus), 206. Aztec Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus aztecus), 207. Bogota Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus bogotensis), 208. Silvery Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus glaucus), 209. Dwarf Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus gnomus), 210. Jamaican Fig-eating Bat (Ariteus flavescens), 211. Tree Bat (Ardops nichollsi), 212. Red Fruit Bat (Stenoderma rufum), 213. Wrinkle-faced Bat (Centurio senex), 214. Ipanema Broad-nosed Bat (Pygoderma bilabiatum), 215. Visored Bat (Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum), 216. Little White-shouldered Bat (Ametrida centurio), 217. Cuban Fig-eating Bat (Phyllops falcatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459039/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">191.</figureCitation>
|
||
Fringed Fruiteating Bat
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[812,1172,2670,2716]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[160,1172,2670,2794]" box="[812,1172,2670,2716]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray, 1838" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[812,1172,2670,2716]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[812,1172,2670,2716]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Artibeus fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[160,1172,2670,2794]" box="[160,1003,2734,2755]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,232,2734,2755]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">French</emphasis>
|
||
: Artibée de Gray /
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[421,508,2734,2755]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">German</emphasis>
|
||
: Fransenfruchtvampir /
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[746,833,2734,2755]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Spanish</emphasis>
|
||
: Artibeo de Gray
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[160,1172,2670,2794]" box="[160,647,2773,2794]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<heading box="[160,647,2773,2794]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,404,2773,2794]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Other common names</emphasis>
|
||
: Fringed-lipped Artibeus
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[766,1365,2846,3270]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis box="[772,921,2846,2875]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Taxonomy</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray, 1838" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">Artibeus fimbriatus J. E. Gray, 1838</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[869,948,2881,2914]" name="Brazil" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.” Restricted by C. O. Handley, Jr. in 1990 to “Morretes, at the coastal foot of the Serra do Mar,state of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1154,1252,2969,2994]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Parana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,”
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1278,1358,2969,2994]" name="Brazil" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[766,1365,2846,3270]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[771,1019,3000,3033]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">Artibeus fimbriatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1252,1358,3000,3033]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Artibeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For a long time, it was confused with A.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[812,921,3082,3111]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lituratus">lituratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458977/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" startId="88.[158,249,3277,3306]" targetBox="[155,749,2847,3265]" targetPageId="88">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[766,1365,2846,3270]" lastBlockId="88.[157,1362,3277,3466]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[771,947,3126,3151]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
NE, SE & S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1181,1258,3126,3151]" name="Brazil" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[772,853,3166,3191]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Ceara</collectingRegion>
|
||
S to
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[920,1183,3166,3191]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
), E
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1237,1364,3166,3191]" name="Paraguay" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Canindeyt, Central, and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1152,1307,3197,3230]" country="Paraguay" name="Neembucu" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Neembucu</collectingRegion>
|
||
departments), and NE
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1065,1207,3241,3270]" name="Argentina" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1231,1356,3241,3270]" country="Argentina" name="Formosa" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Formosa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[158,249,3277,3306]" country="Argentina" name="Chaco" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Chaco</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and Misiones).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[157,1362,3277,3466]" lastBlockId="88.[1439,2655,280,2210]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[157,399,3314,3347]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body 87-100 mm (tailless), ear 19-22 mm, hindfoot 15-19 mm, forearm 60-71 mm; weight 48-60 g. Dorsal fur of the Fringed Fruit-eating Bat is dark brown, with some frosting. Dorsal hairs are bicolored (light gray bases and dark brown tips). Head has weak supraocular and subocularstripes. Rostrum is relatively short. Ears and tragus are blackish. Underparts are paler than dorsum and frosted with white. Noseleaf is simple and blackish, with base of horseshoe fused with upper lip. Wing membranes are blackish, except for translucent area between second and third digits and white tips. Uropatagium is hairy, with posterior Vshaped notch. Skull is robust, with rostrum ¢.50% the length of braincase. Postorbital processes are small. Palate is relatively broad and U-shaped posteriorly. Sagittal crest is well developed. I' are bifid and parallel to each other. Mandible has prominent coronoid process and inconspicuous angular process. Dental formulal12/2,C1/1,P 2/2, M 2/3 (
|
||
<date box="[2170,2204,561,590]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">x2</date>
|
||
) = 30. All teeth in mandible and maxilla are in contact with each other. P? is massive, with well-developed hypocone. M, is peg-like. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30-31 and FN = 45, with eleven pairs of metacentric or submetacentric and three pairs of subtelocentric autosomes. X-chromosomeis subtelocentric, and there are two acrocentric Y-chromosomes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[1439,2655,280,2210]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1446,1557,754,787]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Tropical and subtropical humid forests of Atlantic rainforest, including primary and secondary forests, cultivated areas, and urban parks, from near sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity box="[1693,1787,833,866]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
. The Fringed Fruit-eating Bat also occurs in elevated humid forest enclaves in caatinga formations, known as “brejos de altitude.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[1439,2655,280,2210]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1445,1713,911,944]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Fringed Fruit-eating Batis frugivorous. It eats fruits and infructescences from at leastfive families,six genera, and eight species of plants:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2546,2652,951,984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia</taxonomicName>
|
||
glaziovii and C. pachystachya (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1854,2012,990,1023]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2039,2106,990,1023]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||
insipida and FE luschnathiana (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1518,1622,1034,1063]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Vassobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vassobia</taxonomicName>
|
||
breviflora and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1837,1950,1034,1063]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1977,2141,1034,1063]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and unidentified species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2586,2654,1034,1063]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1458,1614,1073,1102]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1698,1902,1073,1102]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cucurbitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the Brazilian states of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2263,2400,1073,1102]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Sao Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2471,2569,1073,1102]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Parana</collectingRegion>
|
||
, diets mainly contain
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1667,1773,1107,1140]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[1439,2655,280,2210]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,1579,1148,1181]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
At the southern extremeofits distribution, the Fringed Fruit-eating Bat has a seasonally polyestrous reproductive pattern. Births occur in September-October and February when days are longer and temperatures are warmer. In
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2365,2642,1227,1260]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="88" pageNumber="72">Rio de Janeiro state</collectingRegion>
|
||
, births occur in rainy season. One young is born per pregnancy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[1439,2655,280,2210]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1442,1678,1306,1339]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies of Fringed Fruit-eating Bats in caves in south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2569,2648,1306,1339]" name="Brazil" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
started to emerge c.45 minutes before sunset, but most of the colony left after darkness. Emergence peaked c.15 minutes after sunset. Besides caves and hollow tree cavities, Fringed Fruit-eating Bat roost in artificial shelters, such as abandoned houses, chimneys, and man-made tunnels. Colonies are up to 60 individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[1439,2655,280,2210]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1443,2159,1503,1536]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
In a cave colony in south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1443,1525,1543,1576]" name="Brazil" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, female Fringed Fruit-eating Bats carrying their young were rarely captured, which suggests that young stayed in the cave while females foraged. In the same locality, caves used by the Fringed Fruit-eating Bat were cohabited by 14 other species of bats: the Lesser Dog-like Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1874,2007,1661,1694]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Peropteryx</taxonomicName>
|
||
macrotis), the Little Big-eared Bat (Micronyctents
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1498,1618,1701,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">megalotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Common Sword-nosed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2109,2370,1701,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurita">Lonchorhina aurita</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Fringe-lipped Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1513,1762,1749,1774]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Trachops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cirrhosus">Trachops cirrhosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Woolly False Vampire Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2246,2518,1749,1774]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chrotopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">Chrotopterus auritus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1734,2017,1780,1813]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glossophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soricina">Glossophaga soricina</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Tailed Tailless Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2407,2632,1780,1813]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Anoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudifer">Anoura caudifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Seba’s Short-tailed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1788,2061,1819,1852]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Carolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="perspicillata">Carolia perspicillata</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the White-lined Broad-nosed Bat (Platyrrhunus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1563,1668,1863,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Platyrrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineatus">lineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Common Vampire Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2104,2366,1863,1892]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Desmodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rotundus">Desmodus rotundus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the White-winged Vampire Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1640,1753,1898,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Diaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diaemus</taxonomicName>
|
||
youngii), the Hairy-legged Vampire Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2334,2574,1898,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Diphylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecaudata">Diphylla ecaudata</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Thumbless Bat (Furipterus horrens), and the Common Black
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2281,2371,1942,1971]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2393,2480,1942,1971]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="572" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
nigricans).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[1439,2655,280,2210]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1441,1804,1977,2010]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Fringed Fruit-eating Bat is relatively common and occursin altered landscapes such as urban areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="572" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="88.[1439,2655,280,2210]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1441,1594,2105,2130]" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Aradjo & Langguth (2010), Biavatti et al. (2015), Esbérard et al. (2014), Gray (1838), Handley (1990),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1524,1574,2148,2169]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="88" pageNumber="572">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Fabian (2016), Marques-Aguiar (2008a), Passos et al. (2003), Pinto, D. & Orténcia Filho (2006), Pinto, M.M.PL. et al. (2012), Trajano (1985, 1996).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |