1698 lines
192 KiB
XML
1698 lines
192 KiB
XML
<document id="F51AD9FA045775C4320CB5A5D94D2752" ID-CLB-Dataset="36881" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3781.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b6bac6d0-db3d-4c14-b289-ef0bb7184f3a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="285772" ID-ZooBank="D0E3A02D-340D-423F-9ADB-1089FB89C7EB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460402175078" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Spodek, Malkie & Ben-Dov, Yair" docDate="2014" docId="03A2A358FF93FFB239A9EE2FFAEF4612" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03781p099.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3781 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="FF9BDB20FFD3FFFC393EED1CFF974776" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Kermesidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Israel, with a description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698299345580" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="D1640322E5A346E1B9B66F59758FB104" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="52455C4201F87005843A8CDF209ED9D0">
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<mods:title id="2A6F396BC61F18F5230F7347263EE444">A taxonomic revision of the Kermesidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Israel, with a description of a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="23636399BA8AA0268BA79E704DEC1840" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2457F21AFE1DBF7F2CA3FF3AEB46AA67">Spodek, Malkie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2CC46F4D290D63886990D57EA1F9107D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AB8D7B4CE43B7CCA746FA7D7C3666310">Ben-Dov, Yair</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EB811A9FEAA7B0E3DEADAE36FF66E751">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="50AF69239F394EE26794814FDFC6CB9E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="7F5EF632E8D9D0B8426F2D1BCB607889">
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<mods:date id="6C6100A967B55BFF4E5E215F9C2F95AF">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E2A7C4F7970438C9E13DB6C33DA138DB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FE6BE43676D21F9264483901B831D8E4">3781</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3B5FB318964C0A985785F07243320047">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9FDE9194BA3F8D64BD8E802F03D0F9B4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3781.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A2A358FF93FFB239A9EE2FFAEF4612" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6141259" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127667405" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6141259" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A2A358FF93FFB239A9EE2FFAEF4612" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2A358FF93FFB239A9EE2FFAEF4612" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="C31141C5FF93FFBC39A9EE2FFE65441B" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF93FFBC39A9EE2FFD98443D" blockId="64.[151,527,818,877]" box="[151,527,818,843]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<heading id="D0FCA522FF93FFBC39A9EE2FFD98443D" bold="true" box="[151,527,818,843]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF93FFBC39A9EE2FFD98443D" ID-CoL="3R67B" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[151,527,818,843]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF93FFBC39A9EE2FFD98443D" bold="true" box="[151,527,818,843]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF93FFBC39A9EE2FFEFC443D" bold="true" box="[151,363,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF93FFBC39A9EE48FE65441B" blockId="64.[151,527,818,877]" box="[151,498,852,877]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF93FFBC39A1EE48FEBF441A" box="[159,296,852,877]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 33" captionStart-1="FIGURE 34" captionStart-2="FIGURE 35" captionStart-3="FIGURE 36" captionStart-4="FIGURE 37" captionStart-5="FIGURE 38" captionStart-6="FIGURE 39" captionStart-7="FIGURE 40" captionStartId-0="65.[151,250,1933,1955]" captionStartId-1="67.[151,250,1571,1593]" captionStartId-2="69.[151,250,2004,2026]" captionStartId-3="70.[151,250,1422,1444]" captionStartId-4="72.[151,250,1326,1348]" captionStartId-5="73.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionStartId-6="74.[151,250,1264,1286]" captionStartId-7="75.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionText-0="FIGURE 33. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, adult female." captionText-1="FIGURE 34. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, third-instar female." captionText-2="FIGURE 35. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, second-instar female." captionText-3="FIGURE 36. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, first-instar nymph." captionText-4="FIGURE 37. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, adult male." captionText-5="FIGURE 38. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, pupa." captionText-6="FIGURE 39. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, prepupa." captionText-7="FIGURE 40. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, second-instar male." pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 33–40</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF93FFBC380DEE48FE16441B" box="[307,385,852,877]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="76.[151,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,199,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[207,1380,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="PLATE 5. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. post-reproductive female; e. post-reproductive female from Mt. Hermon; f. male test; g. second-instar male; h. prepupa; i. pupa; j. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285778/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Plate 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, figs. a–j)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31141C5FF93FFBC39A9EE84FEBF4366" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF93FFBC39A9EE84FDC544DA" blockId="64.[151,594,918,941]" box="[151,594,918,941]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B3560FF93FFBC39A9EE84FDC544DA" box="[151,594,918,941]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF93FFBC39A9EE84FDC544DA" ID-CoL="3R67B" authority="Balachowsky, 1953: 184" authorityName="Balachowsky" authorityPageNumber="184" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,594,918,941]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF93FFBC39A9EE84FEC444DA" box="[151,339,918,941]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA345FFF93FFBC3867EE8AFDC544DA" author="Balachowsky" box="[345,594,918,940]" page="184" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" year="1953">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF93FFBC3867EE8AFDB544DA" author="Balachowsky" box="[345,546,918,940]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1953) Sur les Kermes Boitard (Hom: Coccoidea) des Chenes du Bassin Oriental de la Mediterranee. France. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 32, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1953">Balachowsky, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 184
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF93FFBC39A9EECAFEBF4366" blockId="64.[151,1436,982,1040]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
This species was originally described from first-instar nymphs collected from Daphna Oaks,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF93FFBC3C3DEECAFAD34499" box="[1283,1348,982,1007]" name="Israel" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, on
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF93FFBC3CBFEECBFEBF4366" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Q. ithaburensis.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31141C5FF93FFBE39A9E926FBD9439E" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF93FFBC39A9E926FB244303" blockId="64.[151,1436,1082,2007]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF93FFBC39A9E926FC984325" bold="true" box="[151,783,1082,1107]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF93FFBC38B9E926FE554325" box="[391,450,1082,1107]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material studied.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF93FFBC3BA4E926FC9D4325" box="[666,778,1082,1107]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
3 first-instar nymphs, Daphne Oaks (=Horshat Tal Nature Reserve),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF93FFBC3836E940FEDE4303" box="[264,329,1116,1141]" name="Israel" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF93FFBC386AE941FD974303" box="[340,512,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B30E940FDE84303" box="[526,639,1116,1141]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1952-05-12">12.v.1952</date>
|
||
, H. Bytinski-Salz (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFF93FFBC3A6AE940FC184302" box="[852,911,1116,1140]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1jyc-x7t4" name="The Volcani Center" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">ICVI</collectionCode>
|
||
C:3693,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFF93FFBC3AC8E941FBDB4302" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1014,1100,1117,1140]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
1058-5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF93FFBD39F9E961FBE14785" blockId="64.[151,1436,1082,2007]" lastBlockId="65.[151,1436,151,610]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF93FFBC39F9E961FE4A43E0" bold="true" box="[199,477,1149,1174]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Other material studied</emphasis>
|
||
. All non-type material collected off
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF93FFBC3ABBE962FBA443E0" box="[901,1075,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF93FFBC3D65E961FB0E43E0" box="[1115,1177,1149,1174]" name="Israel" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
by M. Spodek, unless otherwise indicated. Bet Dagan-Volcani Center,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3BFAE982FCAA43C1" box="[708,829,1182,1207]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-03-24">24.iii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:641/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3A86E982FB9043C1" box="[952,1031,1182,1207]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">5 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFF93FFBC3D06E983FB0743C1" box="[1080,1168,1183,1207]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3D99E983FA8143C1" box="[1191,1302,1183,1207]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-05-10">10.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:757/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3CAEE982FF5843AE" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">8 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFF93FFBC39C2E9DCFEC043AE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[252,343,1216,1240]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
); Horshat Tal Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B87E9A3FC9143AE" box="[697,774,1215,1240]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1958-05">v.1958</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF93FFBC3A2AE9DCFCBF43A1" box="[788,808,1216,1239]" name="Italy" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Y</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Ben-Dov (C:5250/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3D32E9A3FBC143AE" box="[1036,1110,1215,1240]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3DB3E9A3FA9043AE" box="[1165,1287,1215,1240]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1964-06-10">10.vi.1964</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF93FFBC3C2BE9DCFABE43A1" box="[1301,1321,1216,1239]" name="Italy" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Y</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Ben-Dov (C:5251/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC39C1E9FDFEDE438C" box="[255,329,1249,1274]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3841E9FDFE6F438C" box="[383,504,1249,1274]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1967-04-26">26.iv.1967</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF93FFBC3B3BE9FEFD8E438F" box="[517,537,1250,1273]" name="Italy" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Y</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Ben-Dov (C:5252/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3A3BE9FDFCD9438C" box="[773,846,1249,1274]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀); M. Sternlicht;
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3D0DE9FDFB3E438C" box="[1075,1193,1249,1274]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2010-04-18">18.iv.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:155/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3C1BE9FDFAF9438C" box="[1317,1390,1249,1274]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC39A9E81EFF69426D" box="[151,254,1282,1307]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2011-04-03">3.iv.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:475/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3849E81EFE51426D" box="[375,454,1282,1307]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">9 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFF93FFBC38C8E81FFDDC426D" box="[502,587,1283,1307]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">USMN</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B5FE81EFD5E426D" box="[609,713,1282,1307]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-04-08">8.iv.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:644/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3A7FE81EFC05426D" box="[833,914,1282,1307]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">4 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀); Mt. Hermon Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3C1AE81EFA0B426D" box="[1316,1436,1282,1307]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-06-20">20.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:738/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC383BE838FEC5424B" box="[261,338,1316,1341]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀); Bet Dagan-Volcani Center,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B89E838FCB4424B" box="[695,803,1316,1341]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-03-04">4.iii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:630/1 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3D65E838FB43424B" box="[1115,1236,1316,1341]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-03-13">13.iii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:628/1 thirdinstar ♀); Horshat Tal Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B71E859FD504228" box="[591,711,1349,1374]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2011-03-20">20.iii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:465/1 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3D3CE859FBFE4228" box="[1026,1129,1349,1374]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2011-04-03">3.iv.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:475/2 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC39A9E87AFE9C4209" box="[151,267,1382,1407]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2011-04-21">21.iv.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:489/3 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B6EE87AFD2E4209" box="[592,697,1382,1407]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-04-08">8.iv.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:644/5 third-instar ♀); Mezar,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3D6BE87AFB594209" box="[1109,1230,1382,1407]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2013-03-10">10.iii.2013</date>
|
||
(MC:830/1 thirdinstar ♀); Mt. Hermon Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B64E894FD2D42D6" box="[602,698,1416,1440]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-05-07">7.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:655/4 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3AC6E894FBF142D6" box="[1016,1126,1416,1440]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-05-24">24.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:703/2 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC39A9E8B5FE9842B4" box="[151,271,1449,1474]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-06-20">20.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:739/1 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B71E8B6FD2942B4" box="[591,702,1450,1474]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2013-05-20">20.v.2013</date>
|
||
(MC:878/4 third-instar ♀); Bet Dagan-Volcani Center,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3C06E8B5FA0B42B4" box="[1336,1436,1449,1474]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-02-08">8.ii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:608/3 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC38C6E8D6FDF44295" box="[504,611,1482,1507]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-03-04">4.iii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:629/4 second-instar ♀); Horshat Tal Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3C0AE8D6FA0B4295" box="[1332,1436,1482,1507]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2011-01-11">11.i.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:381/8 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC38C6E8F0FDCC4173" box="[504,603,1516,1541]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2011-02-06">6.ii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:413/5 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3AF4E8F0FBAC4173" box="[970,1083,1516,1541]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2011-02-14">14.ii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:615/8 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC39A9EB11FE9F4150" box="[151,264,1549,1574]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2011-02-27">27.ii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:429/9 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B5CEB11FD4E4150" box="[610,729,1549,1574]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2011-03-20">20.iii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:464/10 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3D7CEB11FB204150" box="[1090,1207,1549,1574]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2011-04-21">21.iv.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:488/3 secondinstar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3828EB32FEE84131" box="[278,383,1582,1607]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-04-08">8.iv.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:648/1 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3BD3EB32FCC04131" box="[749,855,1582,1607]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2013-01-13">13.i.2013</date>
|
||
(MC:785/6 second-instar ♀); Mezar,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3C1DEB32FA0B4131" box="[1315,1436,1582,1607]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2013-03-10">10.iii.2013</date>
|
||
(MC:829/1 second-instar ♀); Horshat Tal Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3A1BEB4CFC01411E" box="[805,918,1616,1640]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2000-05-12">12.v.2000</date>
|
||
, Z. Tamari (C:4750/1 first-instar); Horshat Tal Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC385BEB6EFE4141FC" box="[357,470,1650,1674]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2010-05-02">2. v.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:180/15 first-instars,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFF93FFBC3A27EB6EFCE641FC" box="[793,881,1650,1674]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3AB0EB6DFC6F41FC" box="[910,1016,1649,1674]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2010-06-03">3.vi.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:270/12 first-instars,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFF93FFBC3C05EB6EFA0741FC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1339,1424,1650,1674]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC39A9EB8FFE9241DD" box="[151,261,1683,1707]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2010-05-13">13.v.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:496/78 first-instars),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B64EB8EFD7641DD" box="[602,737,1682,1707]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2010-08-29">29.viii.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:301/1 first-instar),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3D30EB8EFBF941DD" box="[1038,1134,1682,1707]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2011-05-06">6.v.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:722/38 first-instars,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFF93FFBC39A9EBA8FF6541BA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[151,242,1716,1740]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
); Mt. Hermon Nature Reserve,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF93FFBC3B71EBA9FD3641BB" box="[591,673,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Q. look</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B91EBA8FCA241BB" box="[687,821,1716,1741]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2011-08-21">21.viii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:572/4 first-instars),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3D68EBA8FB5941BB" box="[1110,1230,1716,1741]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-06-25">25.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:760/20 firstinstars); Horshat Tal Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B34EBC9FDE34198" box="[522,628,1749,1774]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-04-03">3.iv.2012</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF93FFBC3BB9EBCAFD0C419B" box="[647,667,1750,1773]" name="Italy" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Y</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Ben-Dov (C:5230/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3AA9EBC9FC7C4198" box="[919,1003,1749,1774]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">5 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3D10EBC9FB014198" box="[1070,1174,1749,1774]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2013-04-02">2.iv.2013</date>
|
||
(MC:842/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3C2AEBC9FAFF4198" box="[1300,1384,1749,1774]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">5 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC39A9EBEAFE874079" box="[151,272,1782,1807]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-03-27">27.iii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:817/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC38B0EBEBFE4E4079" box="[398,473,1782,1807]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♂); Mezar,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B54EBEAFD744079" box="[618,739,1782,1807]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2013-03-27">27.iii.2013</date>
|
||
(MC:826/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3A5FEBEAFC3B4079" box="[865,940,1782,1807]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♂); Mt. Hermon Nature Reserve,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF93FFBC3C01EBEBFA024079" box="[1343,1429,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Q. look</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC39A9EA04FE924046" box="[151,261,1816,1840]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-05-24">24.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:824/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC38BEEA04FE5F4046" box="[384,456,1815,1840]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC38C2EA04FDFE4046" box="[508,617,1816,1840]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-05-28">28.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:828/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3BDAEA04FCBB4046" box="[740,812,1815,1840]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♂); Horshat Tal Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3D99EA0BFA8F4046" box="[1191,1304,1815,1840]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-02-27">27.ii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:817/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3CADEA04FF454024" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC39DBEA25FEC94024" box="[229,350,1849,1874]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2013-03-19">19.iii.2013</date>
|
||
(MC: 835/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC38E3EA25FDAE4024" box="[477,569,1849,1874]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="pupa">8 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
); Mezar,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B9FEA25FC8D4024" box="[673,794,1849,1874]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2013-03-17">17.iii.2013</date>
|
||
(MC:827/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3AABEA26FC774024" box="[917,992,1850,1874]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
); Mt. Hermon Nature Reserve,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF93FFBC3C7CEA26FA034024" box="[1346,1428,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Q. look</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC39A9EA47FF604005" box="[151,247,1883,1907]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-05-07">7.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:272/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3849EA47FE4F4005" box="[375,472,1883,1907]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="pupa">3 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC38C8EA47FDF34005" box="[502,612,1883,1907]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-05-24">24.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:701/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FF93FFBC3BD9EA47FCAC4005" box="[743,827,1883,1907]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
); Bet-Dagan-Volcani Center,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3DA1EA47FA984005" box="[1183,1295,1883,1907]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-02-27">27.2.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:627/1 prepupa); Horshat Tal Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B72EA60FD5140E3" box="[588,710,1916,1941]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2013-03-20">20.iii.2013</date>
|
||
(MC:834/3 prepupae); Mezar,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3D1FEA60FB0D40E3" box="[1057,1178,1916,1941]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2013-03-10">10.iii.2013</date>
|
||
(MC:825/2 prepupae); Mt. Hermon Nature Reserve,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF93FFBC3B3FEA82FDCD40C0" box="[513,602,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Q. look</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3B4EEA82FD4740C0" box="[624,720,1950,1974]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-05-07">7.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:272/9 prepupae); Bet Dagan-Volcani Center,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3C06EA81FA0B40C0" box="[1336,1436,1949,1974]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-02-08">8.ii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:607/1 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC38D3EAA2FDC840A1" box="[493,607,1982,2007]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-02-27">27.ii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC: 626/3 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF93FFBC3AF5EAA2FBD240A1" box="[971,1093,1982,2007]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2012-03-24">24.iii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:637/1 second-instar ♂); Horshat Tal Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF92FFBD38CDED8BFDFA47C6" box="[499,621,151,176]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2012-03-12">12.iii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:631/3 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF92FFBD3AE9ED8BFBA947C6" box="[983,1086,151,176]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2012-04-08">8.iv.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:643/2 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF92FFBD39A9EDA5FE9E47A4" box="[151,265,185,210]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2013-02-14">14.ii.2013</date>
|
||
(MC:807/4 second-instar ♂); Mt. Hermon Nature Reserve,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF92FFBD3AFBEDA6FB8C47A4" box="[965,1051,185,210]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Q. look</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF92FFBD3D12EDA5FB2447A4" box="[1068,1203,185,210]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2011-08-21">21.viii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:580/2 secondinstar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF92FFBD3836EDC7FEFF4785" box="[264,360,219,243]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2012-05-07">7.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:271/6 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF92FFBD3B82EDC7FCBD4785" box="[700,810,219,243]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2012-05-24">24.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:700/1 second-instar ♂).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF92FFBD39F9EDE0FBF24568" blockId="65.[151,1436,151,610]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF92FFBD39F9EDE0FEF54663" bold="true" box="[199,354,252,277]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Adult female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF92FFBD384DEDE0FE504662" box="[371,455,252,277]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1933,1955]" captionText="FIGURE 33. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, adult female." pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF92FFBD38E2EDE0FBDF4663" bold="true" box="[476,1096,252,277]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">General appearance. Pre-reproductive adult female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF92FFBD3D69EDE0FB3E4663" box="[1111,1193,252,277]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="76.[151,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,199,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[207,1380,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="PLATE 5. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. post-reproductive female; e. post-reproductive female from Mt. Hermon; f. male test; g. second-instar male; h. prepupa; i. pupa; j. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285778/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Plate 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. c). Body oval to round, 2.0–4.0 mm long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF92FFBD3887EC02FDD54643" box="[441,578,286,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="1.4">1.4–3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF92FFBD3BB1EC01FC8F4643" box="[655,792,285,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; dorsum and venter dark grey to black, with 13–15 dark spots on dorsum in 8 longitudinal rows, extending from anal opening to anterior apex of body, each about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF92FFBD3C47EC23FF544601" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF92FFBD3867EC43FC80460E" bold="true" box="[345,791,351,376]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Gravid and post-reproductive female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF92FFBD3A16EC43FCED460E" box="[808,890,351,376]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="76.[151,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,199,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[207,1380,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="PLATE 5. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. post-reproductive female; e. post-reproductive female from Mt. Hermon; f. male test; g. second-instar male; h. prepupa; i. pupa; j. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285778/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Plate 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. d). Body spherical and sclerotized, 5.2–6.0 mm long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF92FFBD3837EC9DFE0646EF" box="[265,401,385,410]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="5.6" valueMin="4.9">4.9–5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and 3.0–5.0 mm high; body black. Some specimens from Mt. Hermon Nature Reserve with a deep, medial longitudinal groove and 4 transverse grooves on each half body, resulting in a bumpy derm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF92FFBD39A0ECD8FF6746AB" box="[158,240,452,477]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="76.[151,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,199,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[207,1380,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="PLATE 5. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. post-reproductive female; e. post-reproductive female from Mt. Hermon; f. male test; g. second-instar male; h. prepupa; i. pupa; j. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285778/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Plate 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. e), whilst dorsum of those from Horshat Tal Nature Reserve are smooth and flat, with 1 deep medial longitudinal groove and 4 longitudinal rows of 13–15 depressions as on pre-reproductive specimens; specimens from both localities occasionally with entire body covered in a thin layer of white wax.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF92FFBD39F9EF3BFB394536" blockId="65.[151,1436,151,610]" box="[199,1198,551,576]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF92FFBD39F9EF3BFDB04536" bold="true" box="[199,551,551,576]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Mounted young adult female.</emphasis>
|
||
Body oval to round; 2.5–4.0 mm long, 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF92FFBD3D2AEF34FBFE4549" box="[1044,1129,552,576]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF92FFBD39F9EF55FAF84514" blockId="65.[151,1436,151,610]" box="[199,1391,585,610]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF92FFBD39F9EF55FE764514" bold="true" box="[199,481,585,610]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Margin. Marginal setae</emphasis>
|
||
short and spinose, each 15 Μm long, in a single complete row of 40 on each side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FF92FFBD39A9EA91FC9740D5" box="[151,768,1933,1955]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF92FFBD39A9EA91FC9740D5" blockId="65.[151,768,1933,1955]" box="[151,768,1933,1955]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF92FFBD39A9EA91FE8840D5" bold="true" box="[151,287,1933,1955]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 33.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF92FFBD381BEA92FDE740D5" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[293,624,1933,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF92FFBD381BEA92FE7640D5" box="[293,481,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF91FFBE39F9ED8BFEF346A6" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE39F9ED8BFDC347C6" bold="true" box="[199,596,151,176]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Dorsum. Dorsal reticulated areas</emphasis>
|
||
somewhat oval, in about 8 longitudinal rows, each with 8–15 areas 25–60 Μm long and 20–40 Μm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE38D4EDA0FD3747A3" bold="true" box="[490,672,188,213]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Bilocular pores</emphasis>
|
||
oval, each 8 Μm long and 5 Μm wide, abundant throughout dorsum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE39A9EDC3FE14478E" bold="true" box="[151,387,223,248]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Microtubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
with circular opening, each about 3 Μm diameter, inner ductule about 1 Μm long and outer ductule 0.5 Μm long, scattered over entire dorsum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3BEDEC18FC3E466B" bold="true" box="[723,937,260,285]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Seta-pore clusters</emphasis>
|
||
in 20–30 clusters on each side, extending in a single complete submarginal row, each cluster with 3–7 quinquelocular pores, 5 Μm wide seta and a seta about 20 um long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE383EEC50FEE54613" bold="true" box="[256,370,332,357]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anal ring</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal, circular with anterior gap, without setae or pores, 100 Μm diameter.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3D82EC50FAAE4613" bold="true" box="[1212,1337,332,357]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anal lobes</emphasis>
|
||
possibly represented by 2 sclerotized areas, each 50–87 Μm long, 25–40 Μm wide, posterior to anal ring, each with 4 setose setae: 3 setae 50–62 Μm and 1 shorter seta 20–30 Μm long; and with about 18 setae posterior to each anal lobe, each about 25 Μm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF91FFBE39F9ECC0FBD9439E" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE39F9ECC0FECB4683" bold="true" box="[199,348,476,501]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Venter. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3880ECC0FDA54683" bold="true" box="[446,562,476,501]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
5 or 6 segmented; when 5 segmented, segment III and IV appearing fused; 150–175 Μm long; setal distribution as follows: scape and pedicel each with 2 setose setae; segment III with 1 setose seta; IV with 1 fleshy seta; V with 1 fleshy seta and 1 setose seta; apical segment with 2 fleshy setae and 4 setose setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3816EF5BFEF74516" bold="true" box="[296,352,583,608]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
well-developed; tibia and tarsus occasionally fused; measurements (in µm) of metathoracic legs: coxa 50–75, trochanter + femur 70–75, tibia 40–50, tarsus 75–80, claw 15–17 µm long; total length 212–250 µm; each trochanter with 2 oval, sensory pores on each side; tarsal digitules narrow, each 40–45 µm long, knobbed apically and extending beyond apex of claw; claw digitules knobbed apically, each 20–25 µm long, shorter than tarsal digitules. Claw denticle absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3B6FEFCBFD584586" bold="true" box="[593,719,727,752]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
350–375 Μm long, 250–275 Μm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3DA2EFCBFB6C4586" bold="true" box="[1180,1275,727,752]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Labium</emphasis>
|
||
3 segmented, triangular, 200–250 Μm long, 125–170 Μm wide; labial setae setose: basal segment with 2 pairs about 7 Μm long; median segment with 1 pair about 15 Μm long, and apical segment with 4 pairs about 10–17 Μm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE39A9EE58FE3E442B" bold="true" box="[151,425,836,861]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Mesothoracic spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
smaller than metathoracic spiracles; each mesothoracic peritreme 112–130 Μm long, 62– 75 Μm wide; each metathoracic peritreme 150–180 Μm long, 75–80 Μm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3D3BEE7BFB3A44F6" bold="true" box="[1029,1197,871,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF91FFBE3C3BEE74FAD344F6" box="[1285,1348,872,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">types</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF91FFBE3C71EE74FA1144F6" box="[1359,1414,872,896]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
1 with inner ductule 13–15 µm long, cup 10 µm wide and outer ductule 20–25 µm long, in a complete submarginal band 15–20 ducts wide.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF91FFBE388EEEACFE7F44BE" box="[432,488,944,968]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 with inner ductule 10–15 µm long, cup 8 µm wide and outer ductule 10–12 µm long, present on median areas of abdominal segments.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3A3FEEC8FB9A449B" bold="true" box="[769,1037,980,1005]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Quinquelocular pores,</emphasis>
|
||
each 8 Μm diameter, with about 50 surrounding both anterior and posterior spiracles; also 12–14 pores across each abdominal segment, and 50–100 pores posterior to vulva.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE388BE900FDE94343" bold="true" box="[437,638,1052,1077]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Trilocular pores,</emphasis>
|
||
each 5 Μm diameter, with about 5 surrounding each anterior spiracle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE39A9E923FEE9432E" bold="true" box="[151,382,1087,1112]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Multilocular pores,</emphasis>
|
||
each 8–10 Μm diameter with 9–10 loculi, in a group of 20–25 pores mesad to each spiracle; also in 3 or 4 clusters of 15–30 pores on abdominal segments II–VII.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3A8EE978FBDA430B" bold="true" box="[944,1101,1124,1149]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
spinose, each 10 Μm long, in groups of 7–10 posterior to each leg; with 6–8 setae in transverse rows across each abdominal segment, each 20 Μm long; and in a group of 35–50 setae posterior to vulva, each 23 Μm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3AFAE9B0FBCA43B3" bold="true" box="[964,1117,1196,1221]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Microspines,</emphasis>
|
||
each 2–3 Μm long, arranged in groups of
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF91FFBE381BE9D3FEFB439E" box="[293,364,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="12.7" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 in</quantity>
|
||
10–12 rows on each abdominal segment and dispersed on thorax.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31141C5FF91FFB239F9E9E8FAEF4612" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF91FFBE39F9E9E8FEBB41EE" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE39F9E9E8FEFE427B" bold="true" box="[199,361,1268,1293]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Comments. T</emphasis>
|
||
he adult female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE3B03E9E9FD46427B" box="[573,721,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3B03E9E9FD46427B" box="[573,721,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares the following characters with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE3D49E9E9FB49427A" box="[1143,1246,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3D49E9E9FB49427A" box="[1143,1246,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE3DD3E9E9FAFB427B" box="[1261,1388,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3DD3E9E9FAFB427B" box="[1261,1388,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Oriental species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE3840E805FD2C4246" authority="Liu & Shi, 1995" authorityName="Liu & Shi" authorityYear="1995" box="[382,699,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3840E805FE744246" box="[382,483,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. flavus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF91FFBE38CAE80BFD244246" author="Liu" box="[500,691,1303,1328]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Liu, Y. & Shi, Y. (1995) Two new species of Kermes (Homoptera: Coccinea: Kermesidae), with a key to the young adult females of known species of Kermes from China. Insecta Mundi, 9, 155 - 163." type="journal article" year="1995">Liu & Shi, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE3BF6E805FBBB4246" authority="Liu & Shi, 1995" authorityName="Liu & Shi" authorityYear="1995" box="[712,1068,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miyasakii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3BF6E805FCC24246" box="[712,853,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. miyasakii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF91FFBE3A5BE80BFBB34246" author="Liu" box="[869,1060,1303,1328]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Liu, Y. & Shi, Y. (1995) Two new species of Kermes (Homoptera: Coccinea: Kermesidae), with a key to the young adult females of known species of Kermes from China. Insecta Mundi, 9, 155 - 163." type="journal article" year="1995">Liu & Shi, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE3D04E805FA0B4246" authority="Liu & Shi, 1995" authorityName="Liu & Shi" authorityYear="1995" box="[1082,1436,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3D04E805FB504246" box="[1082,1223,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF91FFBE3DE9E80BFA034246" author="Liu" box="[1239,1428,1303,1328]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Liu, Y. & Shi, Y. (1995) Two new species of Kermes (Homoptera: Coccinea: Kermesidae), with a key to the young adult females of known species of Kermes from China. Insecta Mundi, 9, 155 - 163." type="journal article" year="1995">Liu & Shi, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE39FBE821FE634223" authority="Hu, 1986" authorityName="Hu" authorityYear="1986" box="[197,500,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taishanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE39FBE821FEE74223" box="[197,368,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. taishanensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF91FFBE3841E820FE7B4223" author="Hu" box="[383,492,1340,1365]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Hu, X. (1986) Studies on gall-like scale insects, with descriptions of three new species from Shandong, China (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Kermesidae). Entomotaxonomia, 8, 291 - 316. [in Chinese, English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1986">Hu, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (i) legs fully developed; (ii) six-segmented antennae; (iii) seta-pore clusters located submarginally on dorsum; (iv) anal ring dorsal; (v) anal ring without setae or pores; (vi) sclerotized anal lobes on dorsum; and (vii) two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF91FFBE38ADE899FE5942EB" box="[403,462,1413,1437]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of tubular ducts on venter. However, the segmentation of the legs varies: legs reduced to three segments in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE38ACE8B5FC9442B6" authority="Borchsenius, 1960" authorityName="Borchsenius" authorityYear="1960" box="[402,771,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE38ACE8B5FD9942B6" box="[402,526,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. quercus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF91FFBE3B1CE8BBFD6D42B6" author="Borchsenius" box="[546,762,1447,1472]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1960) Fauna of USSR, Homoptera, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecanidodiaspididae, Aclerdidae. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii institut (Series), Leningrad, 282 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1960">Borchsenius, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE3A2BE8B5FAE542B6" authority="Saakyan-Baranova & Muzafarov, 1972" authorityName="Saakyan-Baranova & Muzafarov" authorityYear="1972" box="[789,1394,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roboris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3A2BE8B5FC1B42B6" box="[789,908,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. roboris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF91FFBE3AA1E8BBFAFD42B6" author="Saakyan-Baranova" box="[927,1386,1447,1472]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Saakyan-Baranova, A. A. & Muzafarof, S. S. (1972) The structure, biology and relationship of Kermococcus quercus L. (Homoptera, Kermococcidae) and its parasites (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Entomological Review, 51, 296 - 310." type="journal article" year="1972">Saakyan-Baranova & Muzafarov, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE3CBCE8B5FDEA4293" authority="Bullington & Kosztarab, 1985" authorityName="Bullington & Kosztarab" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3CBCE8B5FF684293" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF91FFBE382FE8D0FDE34293" author="Bullington" box="[273,628,1484,1509]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Bullington, S. W. & Kosztarab, M. (1985) A revision of the family Kermesidae (Homoptera) in the Nearctic Region based on adult and third instar females) Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University Research Division, 85, 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="1985">Bullington & Kosztarab, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE3BFEE8D1FBB64292" authority="Sternlicht, 1970" authorityName="Sternlicht" authorityYear="1970" box="[704,1057,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3BFEE8D1FCDC4293" box="[704,843,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF91FFBE3A63E8D0FB8E4292" author="Sternlicht" box="[861,1049,1484,1509]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1970) A new species of Kermes Boitard (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) from England on oak. Entomologist's Gazette, 23, 259 - 266." type="journal article" year="1970">Sternlicht, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and legs fully developed in the Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE39C0E8EDFEF4417E" box="[254,355,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE39C0E8EDFEF4417E" box="[254,355,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. nudus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE38A2E8EDFC02417E" authority="Bullington & Kosztarab, 1985" authorityName="Bullington & Kosztarab" authorityYear="1985" box="[412,917,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE38A2E8EDFD88417E" box="[412,543,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. rimarum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF91FFBE3B0EE8F3FC1B417E" author="Bullington" box="[560,908,1519,1544]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Bullington, S. W. & Kosztarab, M. (1985) A revision of the family Kermesidae (Homoptera) in the Nearctic Region based on adult and third instar females) Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University Research Division, 85, 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="1985">Bullington & Kosztarab, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, the antennae range from four to six segments, mostly with indistinct segmentation (six segmented in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE3AA8EB09FBBD415B" box="[918,1066,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3AA8EB09FBBD415B" box="[918,1066,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE3DE5EB09FAF9415B" box="[1243,1390,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3DE5EB09FAF9415B" box="[1243,1390,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE38CCEB25FDE74126" box="[498,624,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE38CCEB25FDE74126" box="[498,624,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of the dorsal median spots; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE3DFBEB25FABC4126" box="[1221,1323,1593,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3DFBEB25FABC4126" box="[1221,1323,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having narrow anal lobes with up to five setae on each lobe while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF91FFBE3A1AEB41FC1D4102" box="[804,906,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3A1AEB41FC1D4102" box="[804,906,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has wide, quadrate anal lobes with 10–15 setae on each lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF91FFBE39F9EBB8FC6A4196" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE39F9EBB8FE2241CB" bold="true" box="[199,437,1700,1725]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Third-instar female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF91FFBE38F6EBB8FD8941CA" box="[456,542,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1571,1593]" captionText="FIGURE 34. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, third-instar female." pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF91FFBE3B13EBB8FDE841CB" box="[557,639,1700,1725]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="76.[151,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,199,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[207,1380,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="PLATE 5. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. post-reproductive female; e. post-reproductive female from Mt. Hermon; f. male test; g. second-instar male; h. prepupa; i. pupa; j. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285778/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Plate 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. b).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3BD8EBB8FC4C41CB" bold="true" box="[742,987,1700,1725]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">General appearance</emphasis>
|
||
. Body round and convex,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF91FFBE3C2CEBB8FA0B41CA" box="[1298,1436,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF91FFBE3836EBDBFEC941A9" box="[264,350,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF91FFBE3897EBDBFDA741A9" box="[425,560,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; dorsum and venter brown to black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF91FFBE39F9EBF0FBB94073" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1070,1772,1797]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE39F9EBF0FE274073" bold="true" box="[199,432,1772,1797]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Mounted specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Body broadly oval, 1.8–3.0 mm long, 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF91FFBE3AAAEBF0FC7D4072" box="[916,1002,1772,1797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF91FFBE39F9EA13FEBE403B" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE39F9EA13FE74405E" bold="true" box="[199,483,1807,1832]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Margin. Marginal setae</emphasis>
|
||
short and spinose, each 10 µm long, 5 µm wide, in a complete, single line of 32–38 on each side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF91FFBF39F9EA4BFCED4613" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="67.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE39F9EA4BFD874006" bold="true" box="[199,528,1879,1904]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Dorsum. Seta-pore clusters</emphasis>
|
||
in 10–12 clusters in a submarginal band on anterior half of body; each cluster with 2–5 quinquelocular pores, each 5 Μm wide and a spinose seta 20–22 um long; posteriorly, submarginal band of setae continues from mid-thorax to anal lobe but without loculate pores.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF91FFBE3AF3EABCFBC040CF" bold="true" box="[973,1111,1952,1977]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Other setae</emphasis>
|
||
all setose, each 20 µm long, in 3 broad diagonal bands, each band between diagonal lines of dark-rimmed areas, 1 anteriorly, 1 medially approximately on thorax and another anteriorly on abdomen, each band with 16–20 setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF90FFBF3DAEED8BFAD047C6" bold="true" box="[1168,1351,151,176]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Bilocular pores</emphasis>
|
||
oval to circular, each 3 µm long and 2 µm wide, abundant on dorsum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF90FFBF3A5FEDA0FBD947A3" bold="true" box="[865,1102,188,213]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Dark-rimmed areas</emphasis>
|
||
in 4 diagonal lines; each line with 5–10 areas 30–40 Μm long and 15–20 Μm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF90FFBF3BCBEDC3FCFF478E" bold="true" box="[757,872,223,248]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Anal ring</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal, 45–50 µm diameter, circular with anterior gap; setae and pores absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF90FFBF38E1EC18FDCA466B" bold="true" box="[479,605,260,285]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Anal lobes</emphasis>
|
||
represented by sclerotized rectangular areas, each about 50 µm long, 30 µm wide, sometimes absent; without setae. Each lobe with about 7 setose setae surrounding it, 20 µm long; also with a longer setose setae posterior to each anal lobe, 50 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FF90FFBF39A9EB3FFCA9414F" box="[151,830,1571,1593]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF90FFBF39A9EB3FFCA9414F" blockId="67.[151,830,1571,1593]" box="[151,830,1571,1593]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF90FFBF39A9EB3FFE88414F" bold="true" box="[151,287,1571,1593]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIGURE 34.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF90FFBF381BEB38FDE7414F" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[293,624,1571,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF90FFBF381BEB38FE76414F" box="[293,481,1571,1593]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, third-instar female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF90FFBF39F9EB7CFA0B4097" blockId="67.[151,1436,1632,2017]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF90FFBF39F9EB7CFECE410F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1632,1657]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Venter. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
circular, each 20 µm diameter, laterally to each scape.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF90FFBF3A85EB7CFBB9410F" bold="true" box="[955,1070,1632,1657]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
6 segmented, 125–150 µm long; segments II and III appearing fused; scape and pedicel, each with 2 setose setae, segment III with 1 setose seta; IV with 1 fleshy seta and VI with 4 setose setae and 2 fleshy setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF90FFBF3A40EBB4FC2141B7" bold="true" box="[894,950,1704,1729]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
well developed; measurements (in µm) of metathoracic leg: coxa 50–53, trochanter + femur 60–65, tibia 37–50, tarsus 67–75, claw 8–12; total length 210– 250 Μm; trochanter with 2 oval sensory pores on each side, each 5 Μm long and 3 Μm wide; tarsal digitules 21–25 Μm long, knobbed apically, extending slightly beyond claw apex; claw digitules knobbed apically, each 10–18 Μm long, shorter than tarsal digitules; claw denticle absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF90FFBF3A39EA24FC124027" bold="true" box="[775,901,1848,1873]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
165–200 µm long, 163–175 µm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF90FFBF3C03EA24FA0C4027" bold="true" box="[1341,1435,1848,1873]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Labium</emphasis>
|
||
3 segmented, triangular, 137–145 µm long, 90–115 µm wide; labial setae setose: basal segment with 2 pairs 10 Μm long; medial segment with a pair 15 µm long and apical segment with 4 pairs 13 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF90FFBF3DB2EA9CFA9C40EF" bold="true" box="[1164,1291,1920,1945]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Spiracular</emphasis>
|
||
peritreme of mesothoracic spiracles smaller than those of metathorax; each mesothoracic peritreme 25–30 Μm long, 20–25 Μm wide, sclerosis 40–50 µm long; each metathoracic 35–40 Μm long, 25–30 Μm wide, sclerosis 40–55 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF97FFB839A9ED8BFD0A4683" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB839A9ED8BFEA947C6" bold="true" box="[151,318,151,176]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF97FFB838AAED84FE4447C6" box="[404,467,152,176]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">types</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF97FFB838E3ED84FD8247C6" box="[477,533,152,176]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
1 with inner ductule 12–15 µm long, inner cup 5 µm wide and outer ductule 20– 23 µm long, arranged in a complete, broad submarginal band 6–8 ducts wide; and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF97FFB83D15EDA1FBF547A3" box="[1067,1122,189,213]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2, with inner ductule 10–13 µm long, inner cup 5 µm wide and outer ductule 15–18 µm long, arranged in a submedial band 1–2 ducts wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB839A9EC18FE36466B" bold="true" box="[151,417,260,285]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Quinquelocular pores,</emphasis>
|
||
each 5 µm diameter; with 2 or 3 pores anterolateral to each mesothoracic spiracle and 8–10 pores anterolateral to each metathoracic spiracle; and with about 6 pores in a line across abdominal segments II– VII and in a group posteriorly.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB838CBEC50FD064613" bold="true" box="[501,657,332,357]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
of three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF97FFB83BC9EC51FCA14613" box="[759,822,333,357]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: (i) setose setae in groups of 3–5 posterior to each leg, each 5–10 µm long; and in transverse rows of 6–8 on abdominal segments II–VI, each 10–13 µm long; (ii) spatulate setae: with a total of 10 anterior to scape, each 30 µm long, 8 µm wide; (iii) tack-like setae, each 5 µm long, with 1 on each abdominal segment II–VII.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83B82ECABFCC246A6" bold="true" box="[700,853,439,464]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Microspines,</emphasis>
|
||
each 2 µm long, in groups of 1–4 over entire body; in 10 transverse rows on abdominal segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF97FFB839F9ECE3FE9144B1" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB839F9ECE3FED8456E" bold="true" box="[199,335,511,536]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF97FFB83898ECE3FE7B456E" box="[422,492,511,536]" name="Israel" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Israeli</collectingCountry>
|
||
species, third-instar female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83A13EF1DFC56456E" box="[813,961,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83A13EF1DFC56456E" box="[813,961,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83C3DEF1DFAFC456E" box="[1283,1387,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83C3DEF1DFAFC456E" box="[1283,1387,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB839A9EF39FE8E454B" box="[151,281,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB839A9EF39FE8E454B" box="[151,281,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All three species share (character-states for
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83A10EF39FB14454B" box="[814,1155,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83A10EF39FC56454B" box="[814,961,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">K. echinatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83AEFEF39FB14454B" box="[977,1155,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">K. hermonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83DFCEF39FAEC454B" box="[1218,1403,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83DFCEF39FAEC454B" box="[1218,1403,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">N. balachowskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in brackets): (i) marginal setae short and spinose (conical); (ii) legs fully developed (leg segmentation reduced); (iii) anal ring dorsal (ventral), and (iv) sclerotized anal lobes present on dorsum (absent). The third-instar female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83CBCEF71FE9D45DE" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83CBCEF71FE9D45DE" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83B4EEF8DFD4F45DE" box="[624,728,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83B4EEF8DFD4F45DE" box="[624,728,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83A2DEF8DFC0545DE" box="[787,914,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83A2DEF8DFC0545DE" box="[787,914,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of setae on the anal lobes (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83CBCEF8DFF4A45BA" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83CBCEF8DFF4A45BA" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
10–15 setae and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB838A0EFA9FD8C45BB" box="[414,539,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB838A0EFA9FD8C45BB" box="[414,539,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with three setae on each lobe).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83A45EFA9FBDD45BB" box="[891,1098,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83A45EFA9FBDD45BB" box="[891,1098,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has an incomplete line of seta-pore clusters, restricted to anterior half of body, whereas the ring is complete on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83D75EFC5FB5F4586" box="[1099,1224,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83D75EFC5FB5F4586" box="[1099,1224,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Of the non-Israeli species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB839C4EFE1FE064463" box="[250,401,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB839C4EFE1FE064463" box="[250,401,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83B0EEFE1FD254463" box="[560,690,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83B0EEFE1FD254463" box="[560,690,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(character states for latter in brackets) in having six-segmented antennae (one-segmented antennae) and fully-developed legs (one-segmented). Among the Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83C38EE3DFACC444E" box="[1286,1371,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83C38EE3DFACC444E" box="[1286,1371,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only the third-instar female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB8388AEE59FDAA442B" box="[436,573,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB8388AEE59FDAA442B" box="[436,573,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been described and illustrated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF97FFB83AF2EE58FAB5442B" author="Bullington" box="[972,1314,836,861]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Bullington, S. W. & Kosztarab, M. (1985) A revision of the family Kermesidae (Homoptera) in the Nearctic Region based on adult and third instar females) Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University Research Division, 85, 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="1985">Bullington & Kosztarab, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and it has a ventral submarginal band of tubular ducts, and the quinquelocular pores are sparse on venter, as on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83C3FEE75FA0244F6" box="[1281,1429,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83C3FEE75FA0244F6" box="[1281,1429,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the latter has seta-pore clusters on the dorsum and sclerotized anal lobes on the dorsum, both absent from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF97FFB83CBCEE91FF6844BE" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83CBCEE91FF6844BE" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">K. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF97FFB839F9EEC8FB1D4366" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB839F9EEC8FE54449B" bold="true" box="[199,451,980,1005]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Second-instar female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF97FFB838EBEEC8FDBD449B" box="[469,554,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="69.[151,250,2004,2026]" captionText="FIGURE 35. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, second-instar female." pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF97FFB83B06EEC8FD1E449B" box="[568,649,980,1005]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="76.[151,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,199,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[207,1380,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="PLATE 5. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. post-reproductive female; e. post-reproductive female from Mt. Hermon; f. male test; g. second-instar male; h. prepupa; i. pupa; j. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285778/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Plate 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. a).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83BD2EEC8FC48449B" bold="true" box="[748,991,980,1005]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">General appearance</emphasis>
|
||
. Body oval,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF97FFB83D4AEEC8FB6A449A" box="[1140,1277,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF97FFB83C76EEC8FF544379" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; dorsum and venter orange; body with marginal fringe of whitish wax filaments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF97FFB839F9E900FC454343" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,978,1052,1077]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB839F9E900FE274343" bold="true" box="[199,432,1052,1077]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Mounted specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Body oval,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF97FFB83B07E900FD574342" box="[569,704,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF97FFB83A38E900FC1A4342" box="[774,909,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF97FFB839F9E923FDDE43B3" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB839F9E923FE73432E" bold="true" box="[199,484,1087,1112]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Margin. Marginal setae</emphasis>
|
||
spatulate, each about 38 µm long, in a single complete line of 30–34 on each side; also with about 5 shorter spatulate setae on each side, each about 23 µm long, from anterior margin to level of labium; tack-like setae, about 5 µm long, present submedially, with about 10 on each side submedially from level of labium to level anterior to anal ring.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF97FFB839F9E9D3FC6C4246" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB839F9E9D3FDBF439E" bold="true" box="[199,552,1231,1256]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Dorsum. Microtubular ducts,</emphasis>
|
||
with a circular opening, each about 3 Μm diameter, inner ductule about 1 Μm long and outer ductule 0.5 Μm long, in longitudinal rows of about 26 pores.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83AD5E9E8FBBC427B" bold="true" box="[1003,1067,1268,1293]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Setae</emphasis>
|
||
setose, each about 5 µm long, in a submedial line of about 10 on each side on thorax and abdominal segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF97FFB939F9E820FB674636" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="69.[151,1436,151,717]" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB839F9E820FECA4223" bold="true" box="[199,349,1340,1365]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Venter. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
circular, each 15 µm diameter, lateral to each scape.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83AF3E820FBD74223" bold="true" box="[973,1088,1340,1365]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
6 segmented, length 150 µm; segments III and VI longest; scape and pedicel each with 2 setose setae, segment III with a setose seta, IV with a fleshy seta, V with a fleshy seta and a setose seta, VI with 4 setose setae and 2 fleshy setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83D97E898FB7642EB" bold="true" box="[1193,1249,1412,1437]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
well developed; measurements (in Μm) of metathoracic legs: coxa 37–50, trochanter + femur 100–105 Μm, tibia 50–58 Μm, tarsus 67–87, claw, 25–28 Μm; total length 280–328 Μm; trochanter with 2 oval sensory pores on each side; tarsal digitules each 30–42 Μm long, knobbed apically, extending beyond claw apex; claw digitules knobbed apically, each 20–25 Μm long, shorter than tarsal digitules; claw denticle present.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83AFFEB08FBA8415B" bold="true" box="[961,1087,1556,1581]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
137–145 µm long, 95–112 µm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB839E3EB2BFEAB4126" bold="true" box="[221,316,1591,1616]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Labium</emphasis>
|
||
3 segmented, triangular, 100–107 µm long, 57–70 µm wide; labial setae setose, as follows: basal segment with 2 pairs 3 µm long, median segment with 1 pair 5 µm long and apical segment with 4 pairs about 20 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83834EB63FEE041EE" bold="true" box="[266,375,1663,1688]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in size, each peritreme about 8–13 Μm wide, crescent-shaped sclerosis 20–25 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB839E9EBB8FEE841CB" bold="true" box="[215,383,1700,1725]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF97FFB83898EBB9FE4941CB" box="[422,478,1701,1725]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 only, with inner ductule 6–10 µm long, cup 5 µm wide and outer ductule 9–17 µm long, arranged in a complete submarginal band about 2 ducts wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83AA2EBDBFB3E4196" bold="true" box="[924,1193,1735,1760]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Quinquelocular pores,</emphasis>
|
||
each 5 µm diameter: with 5 pores anterior to tentorium; 5 or 6 pores anterior to each metathoracic spiracle; 1 pore anterior to each mesothoracic spiracle; and abdominal segments II–VI each with 4 pores.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF97FFB83AF3EA13FBFF405E" bold="true" box="[973,1128,1807,1832]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
of three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF97FFB83DF3EA0CFA9B405E" box="[1229,1292,1808,1832]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: (i) spatulate setae, similar to marginal setae, anterior to each scape, of two lengths: 6 setae 38 µm long, and 6 setae 10 µm long; (ii) setose setae: with 3 pairs medially anterior to tentorium, each 33 µm long; and segmentally arranged in medial and submedial rows abdominal segments II–VI, medial row setae each 18 µm long, and submedial setae each 10 µm long. Also with a pair just anterior to anal ring about 12 µm long, and a pair posterior to anal ring 38 µm long; (iii) tack-like setae, in a group of 3–5 setae between anterior and posterior spiracles, each 8 µm long, and also segmentally in a submarginal row on metathorax and abdominal segments II–VII.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93D03ED8BFB4147C6" bold="true" box="[1085,1238,151,176]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Microspines,</emphasis>
|
||
each about 2 µm long, in groups of 4 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF96FFB938A3EDA0FE5F47A3" box="[413,456,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
5 or 6 transverse rows on each abdominal segment and scattered on thorax.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93C17EDA0FA0B47A3" bold="true" box="[1321,1436,188,213]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anal ring</emphasis>
|
||
ventral, diameter 37–40 µm, composed of 2 half circles, each half with 3 pointed setae, each 45–50 µm long, and 3 pores.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB939DDEC18FEF6466B" bold="true" box="[227,353,260,285]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anal lobes</emphasis>
|
||
well developed, membranous and somewhat rounded, each with a spatulate-like seta similar to marginal setae, 18 µm long, on inner margin, plus a long flagellate seta on apex, 125–150 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF96FFB939F9EC50FB9A4516" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB939F9EC50FED84613" bold="true" box="[199,335,332,357]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Among the Palaearctic species, the only other described second-instar females are those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93CBCEC51FE4246FE" authority="Sternlicht, 1969" authorityName="Sternlicht" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93CBCEC51FF6146FE" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">K. bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF96FFB93833EC73FE5A46FE" author="Sternlicht" box="[269,461,367,392]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1969) Kermes bytinskii n. spec. (Coccoidea: Kermesidae) in Israel and observations of life history. Israel Journal of Entomology, 4, 251 - 270." type="journal article" year="1969">Sternlicht, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB938D4EC6DFCCE46FE" authority="Sternlicht, 1970" authorityName="Sternlicht" authorityYear="1970" box="[490,857,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB938D4EC6DFDEE46FE" box="[490,633,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">K. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF96FFB93BAFEC73FCC646FE" author="Sternlicht" box="[657,849,367,392]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1970) A new species of Kermes Boitard (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) from England on oak. Entomologist's Gazette, 23, 259 - 266." type="journal article" year="1970">Sternlicht, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93A53EC6DFB5946FE" authority="Podsiadlo, 2012" authorityName="Podsiadlo" authorityYear="2012" box="[877,1230,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93A53EC6DFC7846FE" box="[877,1007,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">K. quercus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF96FFB93D3BEC73FB5146FE" author="Podsiadlo" box="[1029,1222,367,392]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Podsiadlo, E. (2012) Morphology of second instar nymphs of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Kermesidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 81, 35 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10200 - 011 - 0061 - 9" type="journal article" year="2012">Podsiadlo, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93C2BEC6DFE2646DA" authority="Pellizzari et al., 2012" authorityName="Pellizzari et al." authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93C2BEC6DFA0B46FE" box="[1301,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF96FFB939A0EC88FE3E46DA" author="Pellizzari" box="[158,425,404,429]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Pellizzari, G., Porcelli, F., Convertini, S. & Marotta, S. (2012) Description of nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae), with a synopsis of the European and Mediterranean species. Zootaxa, 3336, 36 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Pellizzari
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93826EC89FECF46DB" box="[280,344,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. That of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93B14EC89FD5246DB" box="[554,709,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93B14EC89FD5246DB" box="[554,709,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct with its spatulate marginal setae and absence of membranous frontal lobes (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93B22ECA5FD0A46A6" box="[540,669,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93B22ECA5FD0A46A6" box="[540,669,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Tubular ducts are present on both the venter and dorsum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93CBCECA5FE944683" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93CBCECA5FE944683" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB9387CECC1FE6C4683" box="[322,507,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB9387CECC1FE6F4683" box="[322,504,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">K. hermonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but are only found on the venter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93A88ECC1FBD84683" box="[950,1103,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93A88ECC1FBD84683" box="[950,1103,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93D5FECC1FAA24683" box="[1121,1333,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93D5FECC1FAA24683" box="[1121,1333,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has sixsegmented antennae and well-developed legs, as on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93BE0EF1DFCCB456E" box="[734,860,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93BE0EF1DFCCB456E" box="[734,860,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93AACEF1DFC6E456E" box="[914,1017,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93AACEF1DFC6E456E" box="[914,1017,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and several Nearctic species, such as
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB939A9EF39FE66454B" box="[151,497,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB939A9EF39FEB8454B" box="[151,303,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">K. cockerelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB9387CEF39FE66454B" box="[322,497,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnulus">K. concinnulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93B39EF39FDE3454B" box="[519,628,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nanokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iselini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93B39EF39FDE3454B" box="[519,628,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">N. iselini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93B87EF39FB1D454B" authority="Baer & Kosztarab, 1985" authorityName="Baer & Kosztarab" authorityYear="1985" box="[697,1162,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Olliffiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93B87EF39FCA8454B" box="[697,831,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF96FFB93B87EF39FD47454A" box="[697,720,549,572]" name="Iceland" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. secunda
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF96FFB93A6BEF38FB16454B" author="Baer" box="[853,1153,548,573]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Baer, R. G. & Kosztarab, M. (1985) Studies on the morphology and systematics of scale insects-No. 12. II. A morphological and systematic study of the first and second instars of the family Kermesidae in the Nearctic region (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University Research Division, 85, 119 - 261." type="journal article" year="1985">Baer & Kosztarab, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93DA3EF39FEB34516" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93DA3EF39FAF8454B" box="[1181,1391,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">Kermes echinatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93CBCEF39FEB34516" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">K. hermonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB93865EF55FD984516" box="[347,527,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93865EF55FD984516" box="[347,527,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">N. balachowskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have reduced antennal and leg segmentation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF96FFB939F9EF70FD2645DE" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB939F9EF70FE3845F3" bold="true" box="[199,431,620,645]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">First-instar nymph</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF96FFB938FCEF70FD8D45F3" box="[450,538,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1422,1444]" captionText="FIGURE 36. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, first-instar nymph." pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB93B0FEF70FCB945F3" bold="true" box="[561,814,620,645]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">General appearance.</emphasis>
|
||
Body oval, tapering posteriorly,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF96FFB93D8CEF70FACE45F2" box="[1202,1369,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="0.45499999999999996" valueMax="0.49" valueMin="0.42">0.42–0.49 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF96FFB939A9EF8CFEAD45D1" box="[151,314,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="0.165" valueMax="0.19" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.19 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; dorsum and venter orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF96FFB939F9EFA8FB9D45BB" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,717]" box="[199,1034,692,717]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB939F9EFA8FE2745BB" bold="true" box="[199,432,692,717]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Mounted specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Body oval,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF96FFB93B07EFA8FD4B45BA" box="[569,732,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="0.475" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF96FFB93A1CEFA8FC5245BA" box="[802,965,692,716]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="0.185" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.17">0.17–0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FF96FFB939A9EAC8FCC3409C" box="[151,852,2004,2026]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF96FFB939A9EAC8FCC3409C" blockId="69.[151,852,2004,2026]" box="[151,852,2004,2026]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB939A9EAC8FE88409C" bold="true" box="[151,287,2004,2026]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 35.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF96FFB9381BEAC9FDE7409C" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[293,624,2004,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF96FFB9381BEAC9FE76409C" box="[293,481,2004,2026]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, second-instar female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FF95FFBA39A9E892FCAF42D2" box="[151,824,1422,1444]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF95FFBA39A9E892FCAF42D2" blockId="70.[151,824,1422,1444]" box="[151,824,1422,1444]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF95FFBA39A9E892FE8842D2" bold="true" box="[151,287,1422,1444]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIGURE 36.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF95FFBA381BE893FDE742D2" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[293,624,1422,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF95FFBA381BE893FE7642D2" box="[293,481,1422,1444]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, first-instar nymph.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF95FFBA39F9E8D7FF794171" blockId="70.[151,1436,1483,2012]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF95FFBA39F9E8D7FDC14292" bold="true" box="[199,598,1483,1508]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Margin. Marginal spatulate setae</emphasis>
|
||
in a single complete row of 20 each side, each 11–12 µm long, 3 µm wide at apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF95FFBA39F9EB0FFD2D41A9" blockId="70.[151,1436,1483,2012]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF95FFBA39F9EB0FFEEC415A" bold="true" box="[199,379,1555,1580]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Dorsum. Derm</emphasis>
|
||
membranous with inter-segmental lines.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF95FFBA3A6AEB0FFB9D415A" bold="true" box="[852,1034,1555,1580]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Spatulate setae</emphasis>
|
||
in 4 incomplete longitudinal rows, each submedian rows with 8 setae on metathorax and abdominal segments II–VII, each 14–15 µm long, 5–6 µm wide at apex; and each median row with about 6 setae on head and thorax, each 15–17 µm long, 4–5 µm wide at apex. Also with a spatulate seta on inner margin of each anal lobe, 12–17 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF95FFBA3D5EEB63FADB41EE" bold="true" box="[1120,1356,1663,1688]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Microtubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
with a circular opening about 2 Μm diameter, inner ductule about 1 Μm long and outer ductule 0.5 Μm long; in 4 complete longitudinal rows, with 12–14 ducts in each row.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF95FFBB39F9EBF7FE374586" blockId="70.[151,1436,1483,2012]" lastBlockId="71.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF95FFBA39F9EBF7FECC4072" bold="true" box="[199,347,1771,1796]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Venter. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
present close to margin, each 12 µm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF95FFBA3A73EBF7FC574072" bold="true" box="[845,960,1771,1796]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
6 segmented, 100–110 µm long; segment III longest; scape and pedicel each with 2 setose setae; segment III with a setose seta; IV with 1 fleshy seta; V with 1 fleshy seta and 1 setose seta, and apical segment with 2 fleshy setae and 4 setose setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF95FFBA3D98EA2FFB49403A" bold="true" box="[1190,1246,1843,1868]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
well developed; measurements (in Μm) of metathoracic leg: coxa 22–30, trochanter + femur 60–75, tibia 27–37, tarsus 50–55, claw 20–22; total length 195–209 µm; trochanter with 2 oval sensory pores on each side; tarsal digitules each 27–32 µm long, knobbed apically, extending slightly beyond claw apex; claw digitules knobbed apically, each 17–22 µm long, shorter than tarsal digitules; each claw with a single denticle near the tip.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF95FFBA3D2AEADFFB0540AA" bold="true" box="[1044,1170,1987,2012]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
87–92 µm long, 62–80 µm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3835ED8BFEFD47C6" bold="true" box="[267,362,151,176]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Labium</emphasis>
|
||
3 segmented, triangular, 75–82 µm long, 30–45 µm wide; with 14 setose setae: basal segment with 2 pairs, each 5–10 µm long, median segment with 1 pair on dorsal surface 8–9 µm long, and apical segment with 4 pairs, each 10–14 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3B23EDC3FD1D478E" bold="true" box="[541,650,223,248]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in size, each peritreme about 5 Μm wide sclerosis 15–20 µm long; each spiracle with 1 quinquelocular pore anterolaterally, 5 µm diameter. Also with a pair of slightly larger quinquelocular pores just anterior to tentorium and 1 medially to each coxa, each 7 µm wide; plus a pair of pores submedially in abdominal segments II–VII.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3BB9EC50FCB54613" bold="true" box="[647,802,332,357]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
of three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF94FFBB3AB6EC51FC504613" box="[904,967,333,357]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: (i) spatulate setae: a pair anterior to each scape, each 15 um long and 3 µm wide at apex, similar to dorsal submarginal setae; (ii) setose setae: with 6 setae medially between scape and tentorium, each 12–20 µm long; a single setae medial to each coxa, each 10–11 µm long; a line of 4 setae across abdominal segments II–VII, setae in medial rows, each 10–15 µm long; setae in submedial rows each 5–10 µm long. Also with a pair anterior to anal ring, 10 µm long, and a pair latero-posterior to anal ring, each 15–25 µm long; (iii) tack-like setae, each 5–6 µm long, in marginal and submarginal rows, each marginal row complete, with 12–14 setae; and each submarginal row restricted to abdominal segments III–VII.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB39A9EF5BFEC64516" bold="true" box="[151,337,583,608]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bilocular pores</emphasis>
|
||
oval, with 1 pore present between margin and each spiracle, each 3 µm long and 2 µm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB39A9EF70FEB845F3" bold="true" box="[151,303,620,645]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Microspines,</emphasis>
|
||
each about 1 µm, arranged medially and submedially on each abdominal segment.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3DF1EF70FAD645F3" bold="true" box="[1231,1345,620,645]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Anal ring</emphasis>
|
||
ventral, diameter 17–20 µm, composed of 2 semi-circles, each half with about 6 pores and 3 pointed setae, each 10–11 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB39E9EFA8FEC245BB" bold="true" box="[215,341,692,717]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Anal lobes</emphasis>
|
||
well-developed; apical margin of each lobe with 1 spinose seta, 8–10 µm long, and a long apical seta, 165–200 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF94FFBB39F9EFE0FE6544B1" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB39F9EFE0FED84463" bold="true" box="[199,335,764,789]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3869EFE1FDBF4463" box="[343,552,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3869EFE1FDBF4463" box="[343,552,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB3BC5EFE0FC724463" author="Balachowsky" box="[763,997,764,789]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1953) Sur les Kermes Boitard (Hom: Coccoidea) des Chenes du Bassin Oriental de la Mediterranee. France. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 32, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1953">Balachowsky (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on first-instar nymphs collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF94FFBB398DEE03FF62444E" box="[179,245,799,824]" name="Israel" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The present redescription includes several features not originally described, such as presence of: (i) dorsal microtubular ducts in four longitudinal rows; (ii) a complete submarginal row of setae on venter; (iii) a single bilocular pore located submarginally level with each spiracle on venter; (iv) a denticle near tip of each claw; (v) one setose seta mesad to each coxa; (vi) anal ring open both posteriorly and anteriorly; and (vii) microspines on abdominal segments on venter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF94FFBB39F9EEC8FC7C4223" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB39F9EEC8FE25449B" author="Balachowsky" box="[199,434,980,1005]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1953) Sur les Kermes Boitard (Hom: Coccoidea) des Chenes du Bassin Oriental de la Mediterranee. France. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 32, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1953">Balachowsky (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
introduced
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3B01EEC9FD40449B" box="[575,727,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3B01EEC9FD40449B" box="[575,727,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a new species after comparing its first-instar nymph with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB39C7EEE5FE084366" box="[249,415,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacciformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB39C7EEE5FE084366" box="[249,415,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. bacciformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a similar species known from the Mediterranean and European regions. He observed that the post-reproductive female of both species were spherical, with a dorsal longitudinal median depression, and black in colour (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF94FFBB3870E923FE08432E" box="[334,415,1087,1112]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="76.[151,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,199,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[207,1380,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="PLATE 5. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. post-reproductive female; e. post-reproductive female from Mt. Hermon; f. male test; g. second-instar male; h. prepupa; i. pupa; j. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285778/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Plate 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. d and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF94FFBB3B20E923FDFA4321" box="[542,621,1087,1112]" captionStart="PLATE 7" captionStartId="91.[151,238,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[193,1326,205,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@91.[185,1326,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="PLATE 7. Some Palaearctic Kermesidae, general appearance of post-reproductive female; a. Kermes bacciformis (MNHN 10646; France: Bouches-du-Rhône, Marseille, Quercus sp., x. 1950, coll. P. Vayssière); b. K. ilicis (MNHN 7413; France: Vaucluse, Sérignan, Quercus sp., 18. vi. 1978, coll. P. Teocchi & D. Matile-Ferrero); c. K. roboris (BMNH 180; Germany, Q. sessiflora, 1914, coll. E. E. Green); d. K. vermilio (ICVI C: 5132; Italy: Bitonto (Bari), Q. ilex, 25. vii. 2012, coll. F. Porcelli)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285780/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Plate 7</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. a). However, minor differences can be seen in the shape and size of the dorsal spatulate setae of the first-instar nymph.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB3BEDE978FC2C430B" author="Balachowsky" box="[723,955,1124,1149]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1953) Sur les Kermes Boitard (Hom: Coccoidea) des Chenes du Bassin Oriental de la Mediterranee. France. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 32, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1953">Balachowsky (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the median spatulate setae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3CBCE979FE8C43D6" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacciformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3CBCE979FE8C43D6" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. bacciformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are about half the length of those on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3BF8E995FCCD43D6" box="[710,858,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3BF8E995FCCD43D6" box="[710,858,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF94FFBB3AE5E994FB9C43D6" box="[987,1035,1160,1184]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3DA9E995FAAB43D6" box="[1175,1340,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacciformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3DA9E995FAAB43D6" box="[1175,1340,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. bacciformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not available for this study, three specimens collected from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF94FFBB3A22E9B0FCC743B3" box="[796,848,1196,1221]" name="Italy" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see Material examined for details) were seen. We agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB382DE9D3FE6C439E" author="Balachowsky" box="[275,507,1231,1256]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1953) Sur les Kermes Boitard (Hom: Coccoidea) des Chenes du Bassin Oriental de la Mediterranee. France. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 32, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1953">Balachowsky (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and conclude that these species are very similar in the first-instar nymph and postreproductive stages. Perhaps additional studies on the morphology of other stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3D46E9E9FAB7427B" box="[1144,1312,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacciformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3D46E9E9FAB7427B" box="[1144,1312,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. bacciformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will show more obvious differences between the two. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3BFEE805FCB04246" box="[704,807,1305,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3BFEE805FCB04246" box="[704,807,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3A61E805FC644246" box="[863,1011,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3A61E805FC644246" box="[863,1011,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess spatulate setae on the margin and dorsum but their shape, size and distribution separate these two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF94FFBB39F9E843FCA24006" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
The other Palaearctic species that possess spatulate setae are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3ABCE87DFB7A420E" authority="Kuwana, 1931" authorityName="Kuwana" authorityYear="1931" box="[898,1261,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutsurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3ABCE87DFBBD420E" box="[898,1066,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. mutsurensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB3D04E87CFB73420E" author="Kuwana" box="[1082,1252,1376,1400]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Kuwana, S. I. (1931) The genus Kermes of Japan. Scientific Bulletin (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Japan), 2, 15 - 29." type="journal article" year="1931">Kuwana, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3DC4E87DFEC142EA" authority="Kuwana, 1931" authorityName="Kuwana" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nakagawae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3DC4E87DFA0C420E" box="[1274,1435,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. nakagawae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB39A0E898FEDA42EA" author="Kuwana" box="[158,333,1412,1436]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Kuwana, S. I. (1931) The genus Kermes of Japan. Scientific Bulletin (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Japan), 2, 15 - 29." type="journal article" year="1931">Kuwana, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3859E899FD3A42EB" authority="Hu, 1986" authorityName="Hu" authorityYear="1986" box="[359,685,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigronotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3859E899FD8B42EA" box="[359,540,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. nigronotatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB3B0CE898FD3242EB" author="Hu" box="[562,677,1412,1437]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Hu, X. (1986) Studies on gall-like scale insects, with descriptions of three new species from Shandong, China (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Kermesidae). Entomotaxonomia, 8, 291 - 316. [in Chinese, English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1986">Hu, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3B80E899FBAC42EA" authority="Liu & Shi, 1997" authorityName="Liu & Shi" authorityYear="1997" box="[702,1083,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3B80E899FCC642EB" box="[702,849,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB3A5BE898FBA342EA" author="Liu" box="[869,1076,1412,1437]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Liu, Y. J., Liu, Y. S., Shi, Y. L. & Cui, J. (1997) A morphological study of Nidularia japonica Kuwana (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae). Entomological Journal of East China, 6 (1), 15 - 19. [in Chinese, English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1997">Liu & Shi, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3D73E899FB5B42EA" box="[1101,1228,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3D73E899FB5B42EA" box="[1101,1228,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB3DDEE898FA0F42EB" author="Linnaeus" box="[1248,1432,1412,1437]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. (1 - 4). Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. [in Latin]" type="book chapter" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB39A9E8BBFEC542B6" author="Podsiadlo" box="[151,338,1447,1472]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Podsiadlo, E. (2005) Morphology of the first instar nymph of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Coccinea: Kermesidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 74, 47 - 52. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10200 - 011 - 0061 - 9" type="journal article" year="2005">Podsiadlo, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3856E8B5FD3742B6" authority="Hu, 1986" authorityName="Hu" authorityYear="1986" box="[360,672,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taishanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3856E8B5FD8142B6" box="[360,534,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. taishanensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB3B16E8B4FD0F42B6" author="Hu" box="[552,664,1447,1472]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Hu, X. (1986) Studies on gall-like scale insects, with descriptions of three new species from Shandong, China (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Kermesidae). Entomotaxonomia, 8, 291 - 316. [in Chinese, English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1986">Hu, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3B90E8B5FC4A42B6" authority="Kuwana, 1931" authorityName="Kuwana" authorityYear="1931" box="[686,989,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vastus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3B90E8B5FC8F42B6" box="[686,792,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. vastus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB3A17E8B4FC4342B6" author="Kuwana" box="[809,980,1448,1472]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Kuwana, S. I. (1931) The genus Kermes of Japan. Scientific Bulletin (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Japan), 2, 15 - 29." type="journal article" year="1931">Kuwana, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3AD5E8B5FAD142B6" authority="Borchsenius, 1960" authorityName="Borchsenius" authorityYear="1960" box="[1003,1350,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3AD5E8B5FBC142B6" box="[1003,1110,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB3D56E8BBFAA942B6" author="Borchsenius" box="[1128,1342,1447,1472]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1960) Fauna of USSR, Homoptera, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecanidodiaspididae, Aclerdidae. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii institut (Series), Leningrad, 282 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1960">Borchsenius, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3CBCE8B5FE4F4292" authority="Sternlicht, 1970" authorityName="Sternlicht" authorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3CBCE8B5FF694293" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF94FFBB382FE8D0FE584292" author="Sternlicht" box="[273,463,1484,1509]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1970) A new species of Kermes Boitard (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) from England on oak. Entomologist's Gazette, 23, 259 - 266." type="journal article" year="1970">Sternlicht, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB38D6E8D1FD2A4293" box="[488,701,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB38D6E8D1FD2A4293" box="[488,701,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from these species in having one quinquelocular pore associated with each anterior and posterior spiracle, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3A14E8EDFC47417E" box="[810,976,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutsurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3A14E8EDFC47417E" box="[810,976,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. mutsurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two loculate pores within the atrium of each anterior spiracle plus two multilocular pores laterad to each anterior spiracle and lacks posterior spiracles pores;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB39DAEB25FE1F4126" box="[228,392,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nakagawae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB39DAEB25FE1F4126" box="[228,392,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. nakagawae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three multi-locular pores within the spiracle atrium of each anterior spiracle and lacks posterior spiracular pores;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB38FBEB41FDE24102" box="[453,629,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigronotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB38FBEB41FDE24102" box="[453,629,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. nigronotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has one quinquelocular pore laterad to each anterior spiracle and lacks posterior spiracular pores;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB38F4EB9DFDCF41EE" box="[458,600,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB38F4EB9DFDCF41EE" box="[458,600,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two quinquelocular pores laterad to each anterior spiracle and lacks posterior spiracular pores;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB38FCEBB9FDAD41CA" box="[450,570,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB38FCEBB9FDAD41CA" box="[450,570,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two pores associated with each anterior spiracle: one with 3–5-loculi and one with seven-loculi plus one 5–7 with loculi pore associated with each posterior spiracle;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3DA8EBD5FAD74196" box="[1174,1344,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taishanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3DA8EBD5FAD74196" box="[1174,1344,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. taishanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has one quinquelocular pore laterad to only anterior spiracle, and lacks posterior spiracular pores;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3DB5EBF1FB654072" box="[1163,1266,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vastus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3DB5EBF1FB654072" box="[1163,1266,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. vastus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two multilocular pores within the atrium of each anterior spiracle and lacks posterior spiracular pores;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3D8BEA0DFAA9405E" box="[1205,1342,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3D8BEA0DFAA9405E" box="[1205,1342,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has one pore with seven-loculi and sometimes a second quinquelocular pore associated with each anterior spiracle plus one quinquelocular pore associated with each posterior spiracle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF94FFBB39F9EA60FD0B40AB" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB39F9EA60FEDA40E3" bold="true" box="[199,333,1916,1941]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Adult male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF94FFBB3861EA60FE2240E2" box="[351,437,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="72.[151,250,1326,1348]" captionText="FIGURE 37. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, adult male." pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF94FFBB38FDEA60FD8340E3" box="[451,532,1916,1941]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="76.[151,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,199,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[207,1380,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="PLATE 5. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. post-reproductive female; e. post-reproductive female from Mt. Hermon; f. male test; g. second-instar male; h. prepupa; i. pupa; j. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285778/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Plate 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. j).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF94FFBB3B4DEA60FD0540E2" box="[627,658,1916,1940]" name="American Samoa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF94FFBB3BFAEA61FCC540E3" box="[708,850,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3BFAEA61FCC540E3" box="[708,850,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apart from:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF94FFBB3ADAEA60FB4840E3" bold="true" box="[996,1247,1916,1941]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">General appearance.</emphasis>
|
||
Newly emerged males brown; body 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF94FFBB3892EABCFD9240CE" box="[428,517,1952,1977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width across mesothorax
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF94FFBB3A0BEABCFC2940CE" box="[821,958,1952,1977]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; wings
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF94FFBB3D67EABCFB7540CE" box="[1113,1250,1952,1977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF94FFBB3C12EABCFF5440AA" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; caudal filaments 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF94FFBB3B39EAD8FDCB40AA" box="[519,604,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FF9BFFB439A9E832FD7B4232" box="[151,748,1326,1348]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9BFFB439A9E832FD7B4232" blockId="72.[151,748,1326,1348]" box="[151,748,1326,1348]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9BFFB439A9E832FE884232" bold="true" box="[151,287,1326,1348]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">FIGURE 37.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9BFFB4381BE833FDE74232" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[293,624,1326,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9BFFB4381BE833FE764232" box="[293,481,1326,1348]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9BFFB439F9E877FB5642F5" blockId="72.[151,1436,1387,2038]" box="[199,1217,1387,1412]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9BFFB439F9E877FE2742F2" bold="true" box="[199,432,1387,1412]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Mounted specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Body length 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF9BFFB43B44E877FD5842F5" box="[634,719,1387,1412]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; width across mesothorax
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF9BFFB43D0DE877FB2A42F5" box="[1075,1213,1387,1412]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9BFFB439F9E893FA014109" blockId="72.[151,1436,1387,2038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9BFFB439F9E893FE9942DE" bold="true" box="[199,270,1423,1448]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Length 250–300 µm; width across genae 275–300 µm. Dorsal simple eyes (dse) and ventral simple eyes (vse) both 45–50 µm diameter; lateral simple eyes (lse) smaller, each 20–30 µm diameter; each ocellus 20–25 µm diameter. Dorsal head setae (dhs): 8–10 hs on either side of median crest. Ventral head setae (vhs) total 8–10 hs.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9BFFB439A9E8E7FE844162" bold="true" box="[151,275,1531,1556]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Antennae:</emphasis>
|
||
length 950–1000 µm (ratio of total body length to antennal length about 1:0.43). Scape (scp) 40–60 µm long, 44–50 µm wide, with 2 or 3 hs. Pedicel (ped) 70–75 µm long, 40–50 µm wide, with 6–10 hs. Flagellar segments III–X each 60–160 µm long, 30–35 µm wide; segment III longest, segments becoming shorter towards apex; approximate number of setae per segment:
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9BFFB43B84EB74FCD941F6" box="[698,846,1640,1664]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2013-03-20" valueMax="2013-06-20" valueMin="2013-03-20">III–VI 13–20</date>
|
||
fs;
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9BFFB43A49EB74FC6841F6" box="[887,1023,1639,1664]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1915-07-08" valueMax="1915-10-08" valueMin="1915-07-08">VII–X 8–15</date>
|
||
fs;
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9BFFB43D19EB74FBFB41F6" box="[1063,1132,1640,1664]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">VIII 1</date>
|
||
ab;
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9BFFB43DA5EB74FB5A41F6" box="[1179,1229,1640,1664]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">IX 1</date>
|
||
ab;
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9BFFB43DC3EB74FAB241F6" box="[1277,1317,1640,1664]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">X 4</date>
|
||
ab + 4 cs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9BFFB439F9EB97FBC141BD" blockId="72.[151,1436,1387,2038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9BFFB439F9EB97FE2441D2" bold="true" box="[199,435,1675,1700]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Thorax. Prothorax:</emphasis>
|
||
as for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9BFFB43B3AEB91FD0541D2" box="[516,658,1675,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9BFFB43B3AEB91FD0541D2" box="[516,658,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but sternum (stn1) with faint radial striations and 3 hs prosternal setae (stn1s) on each side. Anteprosternal (astn1s) and antemesospiracular setae (am2s) absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9BFFB439F9EBC5FE5640F1" blockId="72.[151,1436,1387,2038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9BFFB439F9EBC5FEC84184" bold="true" box="[199,351,1753,1778]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Mesothorax:</emphasis>
|
||
prescutum (prsc) 50–75 µm long, 150–175 µm wide Scutum (sct) with median membranous area 60–65 µm long; with 1 hs on each side laterad to membranous area, 12–15 µm long. Scutellum (scl) 100–150 µm long, 200–210 µm wide, with 1 hs 13–15 µm long on each side. Basisternum (stn2) 150–180 µm long, 250–280 µm wide; basisternal setae absent. Tegula (teg) with 5 or 6 hs tegular setae (tegs). Mesothoracic spiracles (sp2): peritreme 30–35 µm wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9BFFB439F9EA8EFD6B4080" blockId="72.[151,1436,1387,2038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9BFFB439F9EA8EFECA40DD" bold="true" box="[199,349,1938,1963]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Metathorax:</emphasis>
|
||
Metathoracic spiracles (sp3): peritreme 30–35 µm wide. Metasternum (stn3) with a total of 20–25 hs setae: 7 or 8 anterior metasternal setae (amss); 15 or 16 posterior metasternal setae (pmss) and 3 or 4 postmetaspiracular setae (eps3s), each 20–30 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9AFFB539F9ED8BFC5646A5" blockId="73.[151,1436,151,755]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9AFFB539F9ED8BFE8C47C6" bold="true" box="[199,283,151,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Wings:</emphasis>
|
||
1200–1500 µm long, 450–475 µm wide (ratio of length to width 1:0.39; ratio of total body length to wing length 1:0.52). Hamulohalteres (h) 100–125 µm long, 35–40 µm wide; with a single apical hamulus, 65–85 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9AFFB53837EDC3FEDD478E" bold="true" box="[265,330,223,248]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
metathoracic legs longest, length 724–847 µm; prothoracic and mesothoracic legs 716–843 µm long. Coxa:
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB5381DEC19FEC6466B" box="[291,337,260,285]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1986-01">I 86</date>
|
||
–100; II 100–110; III 100–115 µm long, with 10–14 hs. Trochanter:
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53D64EC19FB1F466B" box="[1114,1160,260,285]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1945-01">I 45</date>
|
||
–50;
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53DFFEC19FB6D466B" box="[1217,1274,260,285]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1940-02">II 40</date>
|
||
–53;
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53C0CEC19FAE5466B" box="[1330,1394,260,285]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1950-03">III 50</date>
|
||
–55 µm long, with 6–8 hs; each trochanter with 3 pairs of oval sensory pores in a triangle on each surface. Femur: I 200–230; II 200–205; III 200–220 µm long, with 30–35 hs. Tibia: I 265–300; II 275–280; III 275–300 µm long, with 35–47 hs; all tibia with 2 apical spurs (tibs) 23–25 µm long. Tarsi 2-segmented; tarsus 2 (tar2):
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53C2DEC6CFAD546FE" box="[1299,1346,367,392]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1995-01">I 95</date>
|
||
–100;
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53CB7EC6CFF2346D9" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1990-02">II 90</date>
|
||
–110; III 100–110 µm long, with 15–25 hs; tarsal digitules (tdgt) about 35 µm long. Claw (cl):
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53DEFEC84FABD46D9" box="[1233,1322,406,431]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1925-01-28">I 25–28</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53C0BEC84FA0046D9" box="[1333,1431,406,431]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1925-02-26">II 25–26</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB539A9ECA7FE9746A5" box="[151,256,442,467]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1925-03-30">III 25–30</date>
|
||
µm long, with denticle; claw digitules (cdt) about 30 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9AFFB539F9ECC2FC834585" blockId="73.[151,1436,151,755]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9AFFB539F9ECC2FED44681" bold="true" box="[199,323,478,503]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Sternites (as) sclerotized on segment VI–VIII; tergites and pleural areas unsclerotized. Abdominal dorsal setae (ads) (totals): segments
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53B14EF1FFDEA456D" box="[554,637,515,539]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">I–VII 2</date>
|
||
hs, 10 µm long;
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53A06EF1FFCEB456D" box="[824,892,515,539]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">VIII 4</date>
|
||
hs, 40 µm long; pleural setae: dorsopleural setae (adps) (on each side):
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB538A8EF34FE204549" box="[406,439,551,575]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">I 8</date>
|
||
hs and
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53B2CEF34FD1B4549" box="[530,652,550,575]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">II–VII 4–5</date>
|
||
hs, 10 µm long,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53A6DEF34FC0D4549" box="[851,922,551,575]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">VIII 3</date>
|
||
hs, one 85–90 µm long and other 25–30 µm long; ventropleural setae (avps) (on each side)
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53B9FEF57FC914515" box="[673,774,587,611]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">II–VIII 2</date>
|
||
hs, 15 µm long; abdominal ventral setae (avs) (totals)
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53C59EF57FF4A45F1" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="2012-02-20" valueMax="2012-05-20" valueMin="2012-02-20">II–V 12–20</date>
|
||
hs,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFF9AFFB53832EF6CFE3F45F1" box="[268,424,622,647]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="2010-06-06" valueMax="2010-08-06" valueMin="2010-06-06">VI–VIII 6–10</date>
|
||
hs, 20–25 µm long. Glandular pouch setae (gls), 142–150 µm long; each pouch with 10– 12 pores, each 3 µm diameter with 3–5 loculi.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9AFFB53B84EF8EFC1F45DD" bold="true" box="[698,904,658,683]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Genital segment:</emphasis>
|
||
penial sheath (ps) 180–200 µm long, greatest width 110–120 µm. Basal rod (bra) 40–50 µm long. Aedeagus (aed) 100–125 µm long Genital capsule without setae dorsally but with 6–8 hair-like setae (gts) ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FF9AFFB539A9EA8AFD2440DA" box="[151,691,1942,1965]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9AFFB539A9EA8AFD2440DA" blockId="73.[151,691,1942,1965]" box="[151,691,1942,1965]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9AFFB539A9EA8AFE8840DA" bold="true" box="[151,287,1942,1964]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">FIGURE 38.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9AFFB5381BEA84FDE740DA" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[293,624,1942,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9AFFB5381BEA84FE7640DA" box="[293,481,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pupa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FF99FFB639A9E9ECFD434270" box="[151,724,1264,1287]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF99FFB639A9E9ECFD434270" blockId="74.[151,724,1264,1287]" box="[151,724,1264,1287]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB639A9E9ECFE884270" bold="true" box="[151,287,1264,1286]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">FIGURE 39.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB6381BE9EEFDE74270" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[293,624,1264,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB6381BE9EEFE764270" box="[293,481,1264,1287]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, prepupa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF99FFB639F9E831FF41428F" blockId="74.[151,1436,1325,2035]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB639F9E831FED84230" bold="true" box="[199,335,1325,1350]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The adult male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB63B13E833FD554230" box="[557,706,1325,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63B13E833FD554230" box="[557,706,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB63AC2E833FBF24230" box="[1020,1125,1327,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63AC2E833FBF24230" box="[1020,1125,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB63DA1E833FA884230" box="[1183,1311,1325,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63DA1E833FA884230" box="[1183,1311,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The adult male is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB6389DE84FFDB6421C" box="[419,545,1361,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB6389DE84FFDB6421C" box="[419,545,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life as both are grey.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB63A06E84FFC5A421C" box="[824,973,1361,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63A06E84FFC5A421C" box="[824,973,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from these two species in having eight dorsopleural setae on abdominal segment I, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB63A02E86BFC3242F8" box="[828,933,1399,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63A02E86BFC3242F8" box="[828,933,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has four and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB63D74E86BFB5D42F8" box="[1098,1226,1397,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63D74E86BFB5D42F8" box="[1098,1226,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that has one seta. Metasternal setae are present on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB63B1AE887FD2942C4" box="[548,702,1433,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63B1AE887FD2942C4" box="[548,702,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as on most other species, the only exceptions being
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB63C78E887FE9442A0" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63C78E887FE9442A0" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB63806E8A3FE7042A0" box="[312,487,1469,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63806E8A3FE7042A0" box="[312,487,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the Nearctic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB63A34E8A3FB1942A0" authority="Miller & Miller, 1993" authorityName="Miller & Miller" authorityYear="1993" box="[778,1166,1469,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63A34E8A3FCE942A0" box="[778,894,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E. gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF99FFB63AB3E8A1FB1142A0" author="Miller" box="[909,1158,1469,1494]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refString="Miller, D. R. & Miller, G. L. (1993) Description of a new genus of scale insect with a discussion of relationships among families related to the Kermesidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology, 18 (3), 237 - 251. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1993. tb 00664. x" type="journal article" year="1993">Miller & Miller, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which lack metasternal setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF99FFB639F9EB19FB3A4110" blockId="74.[151,1436,1325,2035]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB639F9EB19FD9F4168" bold="true" box="[199,520,1541,1566]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fourth-instar male (pupa)</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF99FFB63B24EB19FDE74168" box="[538,624,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionText="FIGURE 38. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, pupa." pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF99FFB63B41EB19FD454168" box="[639,722,1541,1566]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="76.[151,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,199,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[207,1380,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="PLATE 5. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. post-reproductive female; e. post-reproductive female from Mt. Hermon; f. male test; g. second-instar male; h. prepupa; i. pupa; j. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285778/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Plate 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. i). Develops within a white, flocculent (wooly) wax test secreted by second-instar male; very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB63BC4EB37FC104134" box="[762,903,1577,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63BC4EB37FC104134" box="[762,903,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differing as follows.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63D9DEB35FA0B4134" bold="true" box="[1187,1436,1577,1602]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">General appearance.</emphasis>
|
||
Body brown and elongate oval when removed from test, 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF99FFB63A79EB51FC0C4110" box="[839,923,1613,1638]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 0.5–1.0 mm wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF99FFB639F9EB6DFA1741FC" blockId="74.[151,1436,1325,2035]" box="[199,1408,1649,1674]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB639F9EB6DFE2741FC" bold="true" box="[199,432,1649,1674]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Mounted specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Body
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF99FFB638C5EB6DFD1541FF" box="[507,642,1649,1674]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 0.5–1.0 mm wide; head 235–250 µm long, 325–425 µm wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF99FFB639F9EB89FB2241A4" blockId="74.[151,1436,1325,2035]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB639F9EB89FE5041D8" bold="true" box="[199,455,1685,1710]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Margin. Wing-buds:</emphasis>
|
||
fore-wings 580–600 µm long, 150–200 µm wide; hind-wings: length ratio to mesothoracic wings 1:10.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63883EBA5FE6A41A4" bold="true" box="[445,509,1721,1746]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Setae</emphasis>
|
||
fine and blunt, each 25 µm long, arranged as on
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63D1FEBA7FB2241A4" box="[1057,1205,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF99FFB63D1FEBA7FB2641A4" box="[1057,1201,1721,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">K. echinatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF99FFB639F9EBC1FD824014" blockId="74.[151,1436,1325,2035]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB639F9EBC1FEF84180" bold="true" box="[199,367,1757,1782]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Dorsum. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB638EEEBC1FD144180" bold="true" box="[464,643,1757,1782]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ocular sclerite</emphasis>
|
||
reticulated, 40–60 µm long, 150–160 µm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63D8AEBC1FB634180" bold="true" box="[1204,1268,1757,1782]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Setae</emphasis>
|
||
setose, each 5 µm long, in complete submedial rows of about 5 setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63A2BEA1DFC03406C" bold="true" box="[789,916,1793,1818]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Anal lobes</emphasis>
|
||
rounded and slightly sclerotized; each with a seta 80–90 Μm long on apex.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB638DDEA39FD5F4048" bold="true" box="[483,712,1829,1854]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Median penial lobe</emphasis>
|
||
triangular, 105–110 Μm long, 105–130 Μm wide; with 3 pairs of setose setae, each 15–20 Μm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF99FFB739F9EA71FE9D478E" blockId="74.[151,1436,1325,2035]" lastBlockId="75.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB639F9EA71FE4040F0" bold="true" box="[199,471,1901,1926]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Venter. Ocular sclerite</emphasis>
|
||
as on dorsum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63BB2EA71FD6840F0" bold="true" box="[652,767,1901,1926]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
10 segmented, 450–550 µm long, 40–50 µm wide; apical segment with 4 or 5 fleshy setae, each about 5 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63A35EA8DFCEF40DC" bold="true" box="[779,888,1937,1962]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in size, each peritreme 25–30 µm long, 10–20 µm wide; each sclerosis 35–40 µm long; without pores.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF99FFB63A81EAA9FC6040B8" bold="true" box="[959,1015,1973,1998]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
well-developed, subequal in size; measurements (in Μm) of metathoracic leg; coxa 65–75, trochanter + femur 170–200, tibia 140–165, tarsus 95–100; total length 455–505 Μm; each coxa with 2 short setae, each 5 µm long; claw 5 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73D48ED8BFA8647C6" bold="true" box="[1142,1297,151,176]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
setose, with 5 pairs of inter-antennal setae, each 5 Μm long; abdominal setae arranged as on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB73D31EDA1FB0C47A3" box="[1039,1179,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73D31EDA1FB0C47A3" box="[1039,1179,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73D97EDA0FAAC47A3" bold="true" box="[1193,1339,188,213]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Microspines</emphasis>
|
||
as on
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73CBCEDA1FE9D478E" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB73CBCEDA1FE91478E" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">K. echinatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF98FFB739F9EC18FAFE46DB" blockId="75.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB739F9EC18FEDF466B" bold="true" box="[199,328,260,285]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
. The pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB738CEEC19FD10466B" box="[496,647,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB738CEEC19FD10466B" box="[496,647,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is greyish-brown in life, similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB73DB0EC19FAD1466B" box="[1166,1350,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73DB0EC19FAD1466B" box="[1166,1350,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">N. balachowskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB73CBCEC19FF634636" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73CBCEC19FF634636" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB7383BEC35FE064636" box="[261,401,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB7383BEC35FE064636" box="[261,401,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB738F7EC35FDEF4636" box="[457,632,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB738F7EC35FDEF4636" box="[457,632,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
red;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB73B8DEC35FC8D4636" box="[691,794,297,320]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73B8DEC35FC8D4636" box="[691,794,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
orange). The colours of the Nearctic pupae
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB73C32EC34FAFB4636" box="[1292,1388,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Allokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kingii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73C32EC34FAFB4636" box="[1292,1388,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">A. kingii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB739A9EC51FE9C4613" box="[151,267,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB739A9EC51FE9C4613" box="[151,267,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">E. gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have not been recorded.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF98FFB73B1BEC50FDD34612" box="[549,580,332,356]" name="American Samoa" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
with most kermesid pupae, those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB73ADEEC51FBE34613" box="[992,1140,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73ADEEC51FBE34613" box="[992,1140,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack quinquelocular pores anterior to each spiracle; the exception is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB73B56EC6DFC8146FE" box="[616,790,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73B56EC6DFC8146FE" box="[616,790,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has two pores. The pupae of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB73DDAEC6DFADB46FE" box="[1252,1356,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73DDAEC6DFADB46FE" box="[1252,1356,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB73CBCEC6DFE9D46DB" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73CBCEC6DFE9D46DB" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have sclerotized anal lobes, unlike all other known kermesid pupae which have membranous lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF98FFB739F9ECABFB334683" blockId="75.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB739F9ECABFD8A46A6" bold="true" box="[199,541,439,464]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Third-instar male (prepupa)</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF98FFB73B13ECABFD1646A6" box="[557,641,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1264,1286]" captionText="FIGURE 39. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, prepupa." pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF98FFB73BB0ECABFD4946A6" box="[654,734,439,464]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="76.[151,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,199,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[207,1380,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="PLATE 5. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. post-reproductive female; e. post-reproductive female from Mt. Hermon; f. male test; g. second-instar male; h. prepupa; i. pupa; j. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285778/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Plate 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. h).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFF98FFB73A01ECA4FCC946A6" box="[831,862,440,464]" name="American Samoa" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB73AB0ECA5FB8346A6" box="[910,1044,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73AB0ECA5FB8346A6" box="[910,1044,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">K echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apart from:
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB73D9CECABFA0246A6" bold="true" box="[1186,1429,439,464]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">General appearance</emphasis>
|
||
. Body brown and broadly oval when removed from test, 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF98FFB73A03ECC0FC054682" box="[829,914,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF98FFB73AE6ECC0FBC84682" box="[984,1119,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF98FFB739F9ECE3FC03456E" blockId="75.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[199,916,511,536]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB739F9ECE3FE27456E" bold="true" box="[199,432,511,536]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Mounted specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Body
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF98FFB738C5EF1CFD154561" box="[507,642,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF98FFB73BF6ECE3FCD84561" box="[712,847,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FF98FFB739A9EA5EFCD7402E" box="[151,832,1858,1880]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF98FFB739A9EA5EFCD7402E" blockId="75.[151,832,1858,1880]" box="[151,832,1858,1880]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB739A9EA5EFE88402E" bold="true" box="[151,287,1858,1880]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 40.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF98FFB7381BEA5FFDE7402E" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[293,624,1858,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF98FFB7381BEA5FFE76402E" box="[293,481,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, second-instar male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FF9FFFB039A9EABDFE594082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285778/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" targetBox="[219,1377,199,1930]" targetPageId="76">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9FFFB039A9EABDFE594082" blockId="76.[151,1436,1953,2036]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9FFFB039A9EABDFE9540C1" bold="true" box="[151,258,1953,1975]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">PLATE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9FFFB03837EABEFDC340C1" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[265,596,1953,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9FFFB03837EABEFE5240C1" box="[265,453,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, general appearance;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9FFFB03A11EABDFCD540C1" bold="true" box="[815,834,1953,1975]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">a.</emphasis>
|
||
second-instar female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9FFFB03D16EABDFBAB40C1" bold="true" box="[1064,1084,1953,1975]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">b.</emphasis>
|
||
third-instar female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9FFFB03C32EABDFA8A40C1" bold="true" box="[1292,1309,1953,1975]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">c.</emphasis>
|
||
young adult female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9FFFB039D2EADCFE9640A0" bold="true" box="[236,257,1984,2006]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">d.</emphasis>
|
||
post-reproductive female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9FFFB03B23EADCFDB940A0" bold="true" box="[541,558,1984,2006]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">e.</emphasis>
|
||
post-reproductive female from Mt. Hermon;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9FFFB03D2EEADCFB8840A0" bold="true" box="[1040,1055,1984,2006]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">f.</emphasis>
|
||
male test;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9FFFB03DA6EADCFB3C40A0" bold="true" box="[1176,1195,1984,2006]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">g.</emphasis>
|
||
second-instar male;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9FFFB03CB9EADCFA0B40A0" bold="true" box="[1415,1436,1984,2006]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">h.</emphasis>
|
||
prepupa;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9FFFB039C8EAC2FE954082" bold="true" box="[246,258,2014,2036]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">i.</emphasis>
|
||
pupa;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9FFFB03876EAC2FEC04082" bold="true" box="[328,343,2014,2036]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">j.</emphasis>
|
||
adult male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9EFFB139F9ED8BFC044613" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139F9ED8BFD8847C6" bold="true" box="[199,543,151,176]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Margin. Anterior wing-buds</emphasis>
|
||
each 370–425 µm long, 135–150 µm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13D1FED8BFBF647C6" bold="true" box="[1057,1121,151,176]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Setae</emphasis>
|
||
fine and blunt, each 12–20 µm long, arranged as on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB1388AEDA1FDD647A3" box="[436,577,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB1388AEDA1FDD647A3" box="[436,577,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13B6FEDA0FC9747A3" bold="true" box="[593,768,188,213]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Dorsum. Setae</emphasis>
|
||
setose, each 5–8 µm long, with 7 pairs on head apex; also with complete submedial longitudinal rows of about 10 setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13A6CEDC3FC47478E" bold="true" box="[850,976,223,248]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Anal lobes</emphasis>
|
||
rounded apically and membranous, each with a long setose seta 50–65 Μm long and a shorter setose seta 13–15 Μm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13D09EC18FAB7466B" bold="true" box="[1079,1312,260,285]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Median penial lobe</emphasis>
|
||
60–65 Μm long, 110–115 Μm wide, broadly rounded, with 3 pairs of setose setae, each 5–10 Μm long; also, just anterior to median penial lobe, with 2 pairs of setose setae, each 5–10 Μm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9EFFB139F9EC73FCD84561" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139F9EC73FECD46FE" bold="true" box="[199,346,367,392]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Venter. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13888EC73FDBE46FE" bold="true" box="[438,553,367,392]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
7 or 8 segmented, tapering apically, 250–260 µm long, 75–80 µm wide; apical segment with 5 fleshy setae, each about 5 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13BE7EC88FCD146DB" bold="true" box="[729,838,404,429]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in size, each peritreme 15–25 µm long, 10– 15 µm wide, each sclerosis 30–35 µm long; without pores.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13A0FECABFCFE46A6" bold="true" box="[817,873,439,464]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
length of metathoracic leg, 215–250 Μm long and 65–75 Μm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB1385FECC0FD974683" bold="true" box="[353,512,476,501]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
setose, each 8–10 Μm long; with 3 pairs between scapes and abdominal setae arranged as on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB1387FEF1DFE5A456E" box="[321,461,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB1387FEF1DFE5A456E" box="[321,461,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB138E5ECE3FDE3456E" bold="true" box="[475,628,511,536]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Microspines,</emphasis>
|
||
as on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13B82EF1DFCD0456E" box="[700,839,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13B82EF1DFCD0456E" box="[700,839,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9EFFB139F9EF38FEA54599" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139F9EF38FED8454B" bold="true" box="[199,335,548,573]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The prepupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13B35EF39FD37454B" box="[523,672,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13B35EF39FD37454B" box="[523,672,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is greyish-brown in life, similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13DABEF39FADD454B" box="[1173,1354,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13DABEF39FADD454B" box="[1173,1354,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">N. balachowskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13CBCEF39FF634516" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13CBCEF39FF634516" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB1383BEF55FE064516" box="[261,401,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB1383BEF55FE064516" box="[261,401,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB138F7EF55FDEF4516" box="[457,632,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB138F7EF55FDEF4516" box="[457,632,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
red;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13B8DEF55FC8D4516" box="[691,794,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13B8DEF55FC8D4516" box="[691,794,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
orange). The colours of the Nearctic pupae
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13C32EF54FAFB4516" box="[1292,1388,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Allokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kingii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13C32EF54FAFB4516" box="[1292,1388,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A. kingii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB139A9EF71FE8745F3" box="[151,272,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139A9EF71FE8745F3" box="[151,272,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">E. gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have not been recorded. The prepupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13A3EEF71FC0F45F3" box="[768,920,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13A3EEF71FC0F45F3" box="[768,920,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks quinquelocular pores anterior to each spiracle, as in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13809EF8DFDBC45DE" box="[311,555,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13809EF8DFE2F45DE" box="[311,440,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">K. nahalali</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB138FAEF8DFDBC45DE" box="[452,555,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">K. greeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the Nearctic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13A77EF8CFB0D45DE" authority="Hamon et al., 1976" authorityName="Hamon et al." authorityYear="1976" box="[841,1178,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Allokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kingii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13A77EF8CFC3F45DE" box="[841,936,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A. kingii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF9EFFB13A89EF8CFB0645DE" author="Hamon" box="[951,1169,655,680]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Hamon, A. B., Lambdin, P. L. & Kosztarab, M. (1976) Life history and morphology of Kermes kingii in Virginia (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Kermesidae). Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Research Division, 111, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1976">
|
||
Hamon
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13D2CEF8DFBD445DE" box="[1042,1091,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1976
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13DEFEF8DFEC145BA" authority="Miller & Miller, 1993" authorityName="Miller & Miller" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13DEFEF8DFAD245DE" box="[1233,1349,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">E. gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF9EFFB13C6AEF93FED945BA" author="Miller" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refString="Miller, D. R. & Miller, G. L. (1993) Description of a new genus of scale insect with a discussion of relationships among families related to the Kermesidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology, 18 (3), 237 - 251. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1993. tb 00664. x" type="journal article" year="1993">Miller & Miller, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One or two pores are present near each spiracle in
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13AD8EFA9FAD745BB" box="[998,1344,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13AD8EFA9FBED45BB" box="[998,1146,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">K. echinatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13DB2EFA9FAD745BB" box="[1164,1344,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">K. hermonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13CBCEFA9FEBC4586" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13CBCEFA9FEBC4586" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">N. balachowskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9EFFB139F9EFE0FCFC442B" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139F9EFE0FE3A4463" bold="true" box="[199,429,764,789]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Second-instar male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF9EFFB13883EFE0FD864462" box="[445,529,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionText="FIGURE 40. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, second-instar male." pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFF9EFFB13B23EFE0FDFA4463" box="[541,621,764,789]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="76.[151,234,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[219,1377,199,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[207,1380,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="PLATE 5. Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. post-reproductive female; e. post-reproductive female from Mt. Hermon; f. male test; g. second-instar male; h. prepupa; i. pupa; j. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285778/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Plate 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. g).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13BF0EFE0FC574463" bold="true" box="[718,960,764,789]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">General appearance</emphasis>
|
||
. Secretes a white, flocculent (wooly) wax test
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF9EFFB139F8EE03FED84441" box="[198,335,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF9EFFB138A6EE03FDB74441" box="[408,544,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Body brown, broadly oval when removed from test, 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF9EFFB13DC8EE03FACC4441" box="[1270,1371,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.45">1.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF9EFFB139A9EE58FE89442A" box="[151,286,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; derm membranous with inter-segmental lines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9EFFB139F9EE7BFC4544F6" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,978,871,896]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139F9EE7BFE2744F6" bold="true" box="[199,432,871,896]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Mounted specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Body oval,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF9EFFB13B07EE7BFD574409" box="[569,704,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF9EFFB13A38EE74FC1A4409" box="[774,909,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9EFFB139F9EE90FA0144D3" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1430,908,933]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139F9EE90FE7644D3" bold="true" box="[199,481,908,933]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Margin. Marginal setae</emphasis>
|
||
robust and setose, each 50 µm long, in a complete single row of 30–33 on each side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9EFFB139F9EEB3FD0B432E" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139F9EEB3FEE844BE" bold="true" box="[199,383,943,968]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Dorsum. Setae</emphasis>
|
||
robust, each about 25 µm long, shorter than marginal setae, in complete submedial longitudinal rows, with 10 setae each row.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13B43EEC8FCFF449B" bold="true" box="[637,872,980,1005]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Microtubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
with circular opening about 3 Μm diameter, inner ductule about 1 Μm long and outer ductule 0.5 Μm long; numerous, scattered between tubular ducts on entire dorsum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139C4E900FE344343" bold="true" box="[250,419,1052,1077]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF9EFFB138F4E901FD954343" box="[458,514,1053,1077]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 only, with inner ductule 8–15 µm long, inner cup 5 µm wide and outer ductule 10–15 µm long, abundant throughout dorsum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9EFFB139F9E978FD5340CE" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139F9E978FECC430B" bold="true" box="[199,347,1124,1149]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Venter. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
circular, each 15–20 µm diameter, located laterally to each scape.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13D6FE978FB53430B" bold="true" box="[1105,1220,1124,1149]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
7 segmented; total length 175–200 µm; segment III longest; scape and pedicel each with 2 setose setae; segment III without setae; IV with 1 fleshy seta; V with 1 fleshy seta and 1 setose seta; VI with 1 fleshy seta and 1 setose seta and apical segment with 3 fleshy setae and 4 setose setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13B57E9D3FC9C439E" bold="true" box="[617,779,1231,1256]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Frontal lobes</emphasis>
|
||
absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13A4FE9D3FC3E439E" bold="true" box="[881,937,1231,1256]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
well-developed; measurements (in Μm) of metathoracic legs: coxa 38–50; trochanter + femur 100–125; tibia 50–65; tarsus 80–85 and claw 23–30; total length 290–315 Μm; trochanter with 2 oval sensory pores on each side, each 5 Μm long and 3 Μm wide; tarsal digitules 35– 40 Μm long, knobbed apically; claw digitules knobbed apically, each 20–25 Μm long, extending beyond apex of claw; each claw with a single denticle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13B62E843FD4D420E" bold="true" box="[604,730,1375,1400]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
100–125 µm long, 110–125 µm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13DA0E843FB6A420E" bold="true" box="[1182,1277,1375,1400]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Labium</emphasis>
|
||
3 segmented, triangular, 100–125 µm long, 85–90 µm wide; labial setae setose: basal segment with 2 pairs about 13 µm long, median segment with 1 pair 13–20 µm long and apical segment with 4 pairs 15–22 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13D96E8BBFA8242B6" bold="true" box="[1192,1301,1447,1472]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in size, each peritreme 10–13 Μm wide, sclerosis 35–40 µm long; each spiracle with 5 quinquelocular pores anterolaterally, each 5 µm diameter.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13B0AE8F3FD4A417E" bold="true" box="[564,733,1519,1544]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF9EFFB13A3AE8ECFCAB417E" box="[772,828,1520,1544]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 only, with inner ductule 8–15 µm long, inner cup 5 µm wide and outer ductule 10–15 µm long, dispersed in a complete submarginal band 1–2 ducts wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13C13EB08FF4F4126" bold="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Bilocular pores</emphasis>
|
||
circular, each 2 µm diameter, with 10–12 pores on each side in a complete single submarginal band.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139A9EB40FE0A4103" bold="true" box="[151,413,1628,1653]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Quinquelocular pores</emphasis>
|
||
each 5 µm wide: with 5 pairs among setose setae anterior to tentorium; 6 pores in a line across each abdominal segment in medial, submedial and submarginal lines; plus a group of 8 pores laterad to anal ring.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139EAEBB8FEE541CB" bold="true" box="[212,370,1700,1725]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFF9EFFB138F1EBB9FD9941CB" box="[463,526,1701,1725]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: (i) setose: with 10 medially just anterior to tentorium, each 60–88 µm long; 3 setae mesad to each coxa, each 25–38 µm long; and with medial and submedial rows on abdominal segments II– VII, medial setae each about 60 µm long, and submedial setae about 35 µm long. Also with 2 pairs of setae anterior to anal ring, each 20–25 µm long, and a pair of setose setae posterior to anal ring, each about 150 µm long; (ii) tack-like setae present in a complete submarginal row of about 10–15 setae on each side, each 10 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139A9EA4BFEB84006" bold="true" box="[151,303,1879,1904]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Microspines,</emphasis>
|
||
each about 3 µm long, in groups of
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFF9EFFB13BEFEA4BFC8E4006" box="[721,793,1879,1904]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
|
||
4–6 transverse rows on each abdominal segment and on thorax.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139CFEA60FEFE40E3" bold="true" box="[241,361,1916,1941]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Anal ring</emphasis>
|
||
ventral, diameter 35–40 µm; composed of 2 semi-circles, each half with 3 pointed setae, subequal in size, 20–35 µm long, and 8–12 pores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFF9EFFB239F9EAD8FAEF4612" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="78.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB139F9EAD8FED840AB" bold="true" box="[199,335,1988,2013]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The second-instar male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9EFFB13B94EAD9FCD140AB" box="[682,838,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9EFFB13B94EAD9FCD140AB" box="[682,838,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique in having quinquelocular pores in six longitudinal rows on abdominal segments ventrally and laterad to anal ring. Pores are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9DFFB23DE3ED85FAFC47C6" box="[1245,1387,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9DFFB23DE3ED85FAFC47C6" box="[1245,1387,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the number of longitudinal rows on the venter of abdominal segments varies in other species;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9DFFB23D80EDA1FF63478E" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9DFFB23D80EDA1FAE147A3" box="[1214,1398,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">N. balachowskii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9DFFB23CBCEDA1FF63478E" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">K. nahalali</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(two rows) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9DFFB23882EDFDFDB0478E" box="[444,551,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9DFFB23882EDFDFDB0478E" box="[444,551,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9DFFB23B07EDFDFD7B478E" box="[569,748,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9DFFB23B07EDFDFD7B478E" box="[569,748,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9DFFB23A14EDFDFC3B478E" box="[810,940,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9DFFB23A14EDFDFC3B478E" box="[810,940,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(four rows) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF9DFFB23D73EDC3FAD8478E" author="Pellizzari" box="[1101,1359,223,248]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refString="Pellizzari, G., Porcelli, F., Convertini, S. & Marotta, S. (2012) Description of nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae), with a synopsis of the European and Mediterranean species. Zootaxa, 3336, 36 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Pellizzari
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9DFFB23DFAEDFDFB6E478E" box="[1220,1273,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Nearctic second-instar males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9DFFB23B3AEC19FD05466B" box="[516,658,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9DFFB23B3AEC19FD05466B" box="[516,658,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">K. cockerelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9DFFB23B9CEC19FCDD466B" box="[674,842,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9DFFB23B9CEC19FCDD466B" box="[674,842,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">K. concinnulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9DFFB23ABDEC19FB90466A" box="[899,1031,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9DFFB23ABDEC19FB90466A" box="[899,1031,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">K. rimarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have setose marginal setae but have quinquelocular pores scattered on both the dorsum and venter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFF9DFFB23A9DEC34FB2A4636" author="Baer" box="[931,1213,295,320]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refString="Baer, R. G. & Kosztarab, M. (1985) Studies on the morphology and systematics of scale insects-No. 12. II. A morphological and systematic study of the first and second instars of the family Kermesidae in the Nearctic region (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University Research Division, 85, 119 - 261." type="journal article" year="1985">Baer & Kosztarab, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The second-instar male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFF9DFFB239EAEC51FEFF4613" box="[212,360,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFF9DFFB239EAEC51FEFF4613" box="[212,360,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and other Palaearctic species, have quinquelocular pores that are present only on the venter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |