treatments-xml/data/03/9C/DB/039CDB4195514C63FF5FFC0DFB16FCE0.xml

<document id="BADB1CB002BE8F8661CF2E54B652D918" ID-DOI="10.15407/zoo2021.02.143" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38e28475-92b4-45cc-b0e2-bbefb71cbca5" ID-ISSN="2707-7268" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6455840" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1649789298792" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Koretsky, I. A. &amp; Rahmat, S. J." docDate="2021" docId="039CDB4195514C63FF5FFC0DFB16FCE0" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoodiversity.55.2.143-154.pdf" docOrigin="Zoodiversity 55 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zoo2021.02.143" docStyle="DocumentStyle:65E6F982F72656C606C1639D3996B172.2:Zoodiversity.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="65E6F982F72656C606C1639D3996B172" docStyleName="Zoodiversity.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Planopusa semenovi Koretsky &amp; Rahmat 2021, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="149" masterDocId="FFA5A33995534C65FFF9FFC2FF99FFEA" masterDocTitle="Unique Short-Faced Miocene Seal Discovered In Grytsiv (Ukraine)" masterLastPageNumber="154" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1695856864423" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D79314DE279DE58FBF4624C308650B0D">Unique Short-Faced Miocene Seal Discovered In Grytsiv (Ukraine)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8084A00B35BE8DBAC408F3B7AB942BE2">Koretsky, I. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CAEE48AC064B3A12D186DE8A623BD04F">Rahmat, S. J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039CDB4195514C63FF5FFC0DFB16FCE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6462354" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194602229" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6462354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039CDB4195514C63FF5FFC0DFB16FCE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039CDB4195514C63FF5FFC0DFB16FCE0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<subSubSection id="C32F39DC95514C67FF5FFC0DFD7AFC00" box="[166,739,975,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795514C67FF5FFC0DFD7AFC00" blockId="2.[166,739,975,1002]" box="[166,739,975,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<heading id="D0C2DD3B95514C67FF5FFC0DFD7AFC00" box="[166,739,975,1002]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941B64595514C67FF5FFC0DFE3AFC03" bold="true" box="[166,419,975,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495514C67FF5FFC0DFE05FC03" authority="Koretsky &amp; Rahmat, 2021" authorityName="Koretsky &amp; Rahmat" authorityYear="2021" box="[166,412,975,1002]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Planopusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semenovi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B941B64595514C67FF5FFC0DFE05FC03" bold="true" box="[166,412,975,1002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Planopusa semenovi</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B941B64595514C67FE53FC0DFE7DFC03" bold="true" box="[426,484,975,1001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="130E76D295514C67FE00FC0DFDC1FC00" box="[505,600,975,1002]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="3.[172,205,781,803]" captionStartId-1="3.[174,207,1747,1769]" captionStartId-2="5.[174,207,1785,1807]" captionStartId-3="9.[174,207,1312,1334]" captionTargetBox-0="[211,1199,175,772]" captionTargetBox-1="[235,1188,1199,1727]" captionTargetBox-2="[206,1184,1132,1762]" captionTargetBox-3="[174,726,174,1284]" captionTargetId-0="figure-124@3.[200,1211,174,776]" captionTargetId-1="figure-120@3.[215,1201,1179,1739]" captionTargetId-2="figure-212@5.[202,1197,1124,1767]" captionTargetId-3="figure-410@9.[171,729,171,1300]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Rostral portion of the partial skull of Planopusa semenovi sp. n. (NMNHU-P 64-709) in ventral (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C) and medial view (D). Upper P4 tooth in labial (E), lingual (F) and occlusal view (G). Upper M1 tooth in labial (H), lingual (I) and occlusal view (J). C — upper canine, P1 — upper first premolar; P2 — upper second premolar." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Skull ventral views: A — Planopusa semenovi sp. n. (NMNHU-P 64-709); B — Leptophoca lenis (CMM- V-2021); C — Histriophoca alekseevi (IZUAN 40-121); D — Praepusa tarchankutica (NMNH- 64-469); E — Leptophoca lenis (CMM- V-2021); F — Callorhinus ursinus; G — Pusa caspica; H — Taxidea taxus, and I — Lutra lutra." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Skull lateral views: A — Planopusa semenovi (NMNHU-P 64-709); B — Gulo gulo (IZYAN 896); C — Praepusa vindobonensis (IZUAN N64-468, juvenile), and D — Leptophoca lenis (CMM- V-2021)." captionText-3="Fig. 5. The single, most parsimonious Wagner tree generated by Winclada with 184 steps long, having Consistency Index of 0.75, and Retention Index 0.81." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6455846" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6455848" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6455850" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6462352" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6455846/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6455848/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6455850/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6462352/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">figs 2–5</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6B75FEC95514C67FD9AFC0DFD43FC00" box="[611,730,975,1002]" captionStart-0="Table 1" captionStart-1="Table 2" captionStart-2="Table 3" captionStartId-0="4.[166,237,175,199]" captionStartId-1="5.[172,239,644,665]" captionStartId-2="7.[174,245,1058,1082]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1218,240,1455]" captionTargetBox-1="[185,1206,705,1065]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1214,1120,1849]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="Table 1. Cranial measurements, mm" captionText-1="Table 2. Measurements of the upper dentition of Planopusa semenovi and other phocines, mm" captionText-2="Table 3. Matrix for cranial character-state data for Phocidae taxa († = extinct)" httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A3ADF95574C61FF5FFF6DFDDCFF2D" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A3ADF95564C60FF55FD46FBF6FD73" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A3ADF95544C62FF57FBE0FB82FBD3" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">tables 1–3</tableCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F39DC95514C67FF22FC2DFDBFFB00" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795514C67FF22FC2DFEADFBA0" blockId="2.[166,1225,1007,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<materialsCitation id="3B5D600A95514C67FF22FC2DFEADFBA0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3751771301" collectionCode="NMNHPM" collectorName="Yu. A. Semenov" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" specimenCode="NMNHU-P 64-709" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548ED4F595514C67FF22FC2DFEC2FBE0" box="[219,347,1007,1034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<specimenCode id="DB93C22C95514C67FE94FC32FDCAFBE3" box="[365,595,1007,1034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">NMNHU-P 64-709</specimenCode>
, rostral part of the skull with I3, C, P1, P2, and isolated P4 and M1; P3 is absent (
<figureCitation id="130E76D295514C67FE22FBCDFD82FBC0" box="[475,539,1039,1066]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[172,205,781,803]" captionTargetBox="[211,1199,175,772]" captionTargetId="figure-124@3.[200,1211,174,776]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Rostral portion of the partial skull of Planopusa semenovi sp. n. (NMNHU-P 64-709) in ventral (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C) and medial view (D). Upper P4 tooth in labial (E), lingual (F) and occlusal view (G). Upper M1 tooth in labial (H), lingual (I) and occlusal view (J). C — upper canine, P1 — upper first premolar; P2 — upper second premolar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6455846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6455846/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Collected by 
<collectorName id="26C00F8195514C67FD36FBD2FC09FBC3" box="[719,912,1039,1066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Yu. A. Semenov</collectorName>
in 1995 and stored in the 
<collectionCode id="ED24F29295514C67FF5FFBF2FEA9FBA0" box="[166,304,1072,1098]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">NMNHPM</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795514C67FF22FB92FCD3FB40" blockId="2.[166,1225,1007,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<typeStatus id="548ED4F595514C67FF22FB92FE87FB80" box="[219,286,1104,1130]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Type</typeStatus>
locality. 
<location id="8EEA3C8C95514C67FE47FB8DFD8EFB83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039CDB4195514C63FF5FFC0DFB16FCE0:8EEA3C8C95514C67FE47FB8DFD8EFB83" box="[446,535,1103,1129]" country="Ukraine" county="Grytsiv" latitude="5.2" municipality="Chomora River" name="Grytsiv" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" stateProvince="Khmel'nyts'kyy">Grytsiv</location>
, 
<location id="8EEA3C8C95514C67FDD7FB8DFCB4FB83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039CDB4195514C63FF5FFC0DFB16FCE0:8EEA3C8C95514C67FDD7FB8DFCB4FB83" box="[558,813,1103,1129]" country="Ukraine" county="Grytsiv" latitude="5.2" municipality="Chomora River" name="Shepetivskyi District" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" stateProvince="Khmel'nyts'kyy">Shepetivskyi District</location>
<collectingRegion id="49F1A4B595514C67FCB9FB8DFBD7FB83" box="[832,1102,1103,1129]" country="Ukraine" name="Khmel'nyts'kyy" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Khmelnytskyi Region</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EEA3C8C95514C67FB9CFB92FB50FB80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039CDB4195514C63FF5FFC0DFB16FCE0:8EEA3C8C95514C67FB9CFB92FB50FB80" box="[1125,1225,1104,1130]" country="Ukraine" county="Grytsiv" latitude="5.2" municipality="Chomora River" name="Western" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" stateProvince="Khmel'nyts'kyy">Western</location>
<collectingCountry id="F3222AC795514C67FF5FFBADFE90FB63" box="[166,265,1135,1161]" name="Ukraine" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
, karst deposits in limestone quarry on the right bank of 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEEF02D95514C67FC6BFBADFBD3FB63" box="[914,1098,1135,1161]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Chomora River</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<quantity id="4CCDC7B295514C67FBADFBADFB16FB63" box="[1108,1167,1135,1161]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
west of village of 
<collectingCounty id="62EB12DB95514C67FECCFB4DFE17FB43" box="[309,398,1167,1193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Grytsiv</collectingCounty>
; 49°58ˈ 
<geoCoordinate id="EE010C9095514C67FE1CFB4DFDABFB40" box="[485,562,1167,1194]" degrees="05.2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" precision="5555" value="5.2">05.2 N</geoCoordinate>
27°10ˈ03 E (reef zone).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795514C67FF22FB6DFDBFFB00" blockId="2.[166,1225,1007,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
Formation and Age. Middle Sarmatian, middle-late Miocene; 
<specimenCode id="DB93C22C95514C67FC10FB72FBA9FB23" box="[1001,1072,1199,1226]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">MN 9</specimenCode>
, likely in the interval from 
<geoCoordinate id="EE010C9095514C67FEB1FB0DFE0CFB00" box="[328,405,1231,1258]" degrees="11.146" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" precision="55" value="11.146">11.146</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE010C9095514C67FE6FFB0DFE68FB00" box="[406,497,1231,1258]" degrees="11.056" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" precision="55" value="-11.056">–11.056</geoCoordinate>
Ma.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F39DC95514C67FF22FB2DFCBFFA80" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795514C67FF22FB2DFCBFFA80" blockId="2.[166,1225,1007,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
Diagnosis. Small seal with extremely short rostrum (
<tableCitation id="C6B75FEC95514C67FCAFFB2DFC3DFAE0" box="[854,932,1263,1290]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[166,237,175,199]" captionTargetBox="[170,1218,240,1455]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Cranial measurements, mm" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A3ADF95574C61FF5FFF6DFDDCFF2D" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" tableUuid="DF4A3ADF95574C61FF5FFF6DFDDCFF2D">table 1</tableCitation>
), differing from all other fossil and extant phocines by: 1) flattened palatal process of maxilla; 2) P4 longer than M1; 3) alveoli form a straight line; 4) wider rostrum across canines compared to other small 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495514C67FF5FFA8DFE8AFA83" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[166,275,1359,1385]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
(but narrower than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495514C67FDD8FA8DFC8CFA83" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[545,789,1359,1385]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pontica">
<emphasis id="B941B64595514C67FDD8FA8DFC8CFA83" box="[545,789,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Monachopsis pontica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F39DC95514C63FF22FAADFD0FFD20" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795514C67FF22FAADFC89F940" blockId="2.[166,1225,1007,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
Description. The partial skull likely belongs to an adult, based on the fused sutures. However, teeth are not worn, characteristic for sub-adults. The maxilla has a very short convexity over P1 and convexity started over P2. The incisive bone is partially broken and palatal process of the maxilla is flattened from the level of the anterior alveolus of P2. The large grooves (fissura palatine) from anterior palatal foramina are directed towards the incisors (as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495514C67FCE7F9CDFC48F9C3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[798,977,1551,1577]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Enhydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutris">
<emphasis id="B941B64595514C67FCE7F9CDFC48F9C3" box="[798,977,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Enhydra lutris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="130E76D295514C67FC1AF9CDFBBCF9C0" box="[995,1061,1551,1578]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[174,207,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[235,1188,1199,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-120@3.[215,1201,1179,1739]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Skull ventral views: A — Planopusa semenovi sp. n. (NMNHU-P 64-709); B — Leptophoca lenis (CMM- V-2021); C — Histriophoca alekseevi (IZUAN 40-121); D — Praepusa tarchankutica (NMNH- 64-469); E — Leptophoca lenis (CMM- V-2021); F — Callorhinus ursinus; G — Pusa caspica; H — Taxidea taxus, and I — Lutra lutra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6455848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6455848/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">fig. 3</figureCitation>
), in contrast to the condition stated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA417A695514C67FE0EF9EDFD7AF9A0" author="Wozencraft" box="[503,739,1583,1610]" firstAuthor="Wozencraft" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="495 - 535" refId="ref7822" refString="Wozencraft, C. 1989. The phylogeny of the Recent Carnivora. In: Gittleman, J. L., ed. Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, New York, 495 - 535." type="book chapter" year="1989">Wozencraft (1989)</bibRefCitation>
for other phocids, but similar to seals of the subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495514C67FE82F98DFDDEF983" authorityName="Koretsky &amp; Holec" authorityYear="2002" box="[379,583,1615,1641]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Devinophocinae">Devinophocinae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA417A695514C67FDA0F98DFC3AF983" author="Koretsky and Holec" box="[601,931,1615,1641]" firstAuthor="Koretsky" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="163 - 178" refId="ref6725" refString="Koretsky, I. A .. Holec, P. 2002. A primitive seal (Mammalia: Phocidae) from the Early Middle Miocene of Central Paratethys. Smithsonian Contribution to Paleobiology, 93, 163 - 178." type="journal article" year="2002">Koretsky and Holec, 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA417A695514C67FC48F98DFF7FF960" author="Koretsky and Rahmat" firstAuthor="Koretsky" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref6920" refString="Koretsky, I. A., Rahmat, S. J. 2015. A New Species of the Subfamily Devinophocinae (Carnivora: Phocidae) from the Central Paratethys. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 121 (1), 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="2015">Koretsky and Rahmat, 2015</bibRefCitation>
). The concave palatine is wider (18.0 mm) between canines, similar to that in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495514C67FF5FF94DFC95F940" authority="(Koretsky and Rahmat, 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Koretsky and Rahmat" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[166,780,1679,1706]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Devinophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emryi">
<emphasis id="B941B64595514C67FF5FF94DFE0BF943" box="[166,402,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Devinophoca emryi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA417A695514C67FE5AF94DFC9AF940" author="Koretsky and Rahmat" box="[419,771,1679,1706]" firstAuthor="Koretsky" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref6920" refString="Koretsky, I. A., Rahmat, S. J. 2015. A New Species of the Subfamily Devinophocinae (Carnivora: Phocidae) from the Central Paratethys. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 121 (1), 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="2015">Koretsky and Rahmat, 2015</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795514C66FF22F96DFD50FC29" blockId="2.[166,1225,1007,1834]" lastBlockId="3.[174,1233,905,1155]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
The hard palate is half the length of the smallsub-adult of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495514C67FC83F972FB92F923" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[890,1035,1712,1737]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caspica">
<emphasis id="B941B64595514C67FC83F972FB92F923" box="[890,1035,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Pusa caspica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Palatal grooves are shallow, but present without the posterior palatal foramen. Part of the palatal bone is missing. Posterior border of the anterior palatal foramen is situated at the level of P1 (in contrast to that in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495514C67FE7DF8D2FD8EF8C3" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[388,535,1808,1833]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caspica">
<emphasis id="B941B64595514C67FE7DF8D2FD8EF8C3" box="[388,535,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Pusa caspica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where it is between C and P1). In coronal view, the space between the posterior border of the anterior palatal foramen and the anterior border for the choanae is 
<quantity id="4CCDC7B295504C66FED6FC6AFE10FC29" box="[303,393,936,963]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
(11.0 mm in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495504C66FDDFFC6BFD21FC28" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[550,696,937,962]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caspica">
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FDDFFC6BFD21FC28" box="[550,696,937,962]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Pusa caspica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A3ADF95504C66FF55FCCFFE54FC99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6455846" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6455846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6455846/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" startId="3.[172,205,781,803]" targetBox="[211,1199,175,772]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795504C66FF55FCCFFE54FC99" blockId="3.[172,1240,781,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
Fig. 2. Rostral portion of the partial skull of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495504C66FD9EFCCFFCB3FCC9" authority="Koretsky &amp; Rahmat, 2021" authorityName="Koretsky &amp; Rahmat" authorityYear="2021" box="[615,810,781,803]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Planopusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semenovi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FD9EFCCFFCB3FCC9" box="[615,810,781,803]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Planopusa semenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2720B3E95504C66FCCBFCCFFCFEFCC9" box="[818,871,781,803]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(NMNHU-P 64-709) in ventral (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C) and medial view (D). Upper P4 tooth in labial (E), lingual (F) and occlusal view (G). Upper M1 tooth in labial (H), lingual (I) and occlusal view (J). C — upper canine, P1 — upper first premolar; P2 — upper second premolar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795504C66FF1AFC0BFEACFB69" blockId="3.[174,1233,905,1155]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
The lingual alveolar margins of canines and incisors are at the same level as those of the cheek teeth (as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495504C66FE7BFC2BFE7FFBE8" baseAuthorityName="Koretsky and Rahmat" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[386,486,1001,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Devinophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emryi">
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FE7BFC2BFE7FFBE8" box="[386,486,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">D. emryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but alveolar margins of C and P1 are compressed towards the midline. From the anterior palatal foramina to the level of P2, the palatine is flat. A deep, antero-posteriorly aligned groove (
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FDB8FBEBFD6FFBA9" box="[577,758,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">sulcus palatinus</emphasis>
) is present posterior to P2, characterized as a derived condition among phocids according to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA417A695504C66FCF0FB8BFB81FB89" author="Wyss and Flynn" box="[777,1048,1096,1123]" firstAuthor="Wyss" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" pagination="32 - 53" refId="ref7861" refString="Wyss, A. R., Flynn, J. J. 1993. A phylogenetic analysis and definition of the Carnivora. In: Szalay, F. S., Novacek, M. J., McKenna, M. C., eds. Mammal Phylogeny: Placentals. Springer-Verlag, New York, 32 - 53." type="book chapter" year="1993">Wyss and Flynn (1993)</bibRefCitation>
and in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495504C66FF35FBABFEB7FB68" baseAuthorityName="Koretsky and Rahmat" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[204,302,1129,1154]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Devinophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emryi">
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FF35FBABFEB7FB68" box="[204,302,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">D. emryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A3ADF95504C66FF57F911FEDFF8D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6455848" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6455848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6455848/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" startId="3.[174,207,1747,1769]" targetBox="[235,1188,1199,1727]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795504C66FF57F911FEDFF8D3" blockId="3.[174,1234,1747,1849]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
Fig. 3. Skull ventral views: A — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495504C66FE27F911FD39F903" authority="Koretsky &amp; Rahmat, 2021" authorityName="Koretsky &amp; Rahmat" authorityYear="2021" box="[478,672,1747,1769]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Planopusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semenovi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FE27F911FD39F903" box="[478,672,1747,1769]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Planopusa semenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2720B3E95504C66FD5CF911FD41F903" box="[677,728,1747,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(NMNHU-P 64-709); B — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495504C66FC1AF911FB18F902" baseAuthorityName="True" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[995,1153,1747,1768]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lenis">
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FC1AF911FB18F902" box="[995,1153,1747,1768]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Leptophoca lenis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CMM- V-2021); C — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495504C66FEAAF92CFDB2F8E9" authorityName="Koretsky" authorityYear="2001" box="[339,555,1774,1795]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Histriophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alekseevi">
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FEAAF92CFDB2F8E9" box="[339,555,1774,1795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Histriophoca alekseevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IZUAN 40-121); D — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495504C66FCD3F92DFB88F8E9" authorityName="Antoniuk &amp; Koretsky" authorityYear="1984" box="[810,1041,1774,1796]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Praepusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarchankutica">
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FCD3F92DFB88F8E9" box="[810,1041,1774,1796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Praepusa tarchankutica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NMNH- 64-469); E — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495504C66FF26F8CBFEE4F8F4" baseAuthorityName="True" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[223,381,1801,1822]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lenis">
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FF26F8CBFEE4F8F4" box="[223,381,1801,1822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Leptophoca lenis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CMM- V-2021); F — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495504C66FD9BF8CBFC86F8F4" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[610,799,1801,1822]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursinus">
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FD9BF8CBFC86F8F4" box="[610,799,1801,1822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Callorhinus ursinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; G — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495504C66FCA6F8CBFC41F8F4" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[863,984,1801,1822]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caspica">
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FCA6F8CBFC41F8F4" box="[863,984,1801,1822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Pusa caspica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; H — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495504C66FBE3F8CBFB38F8F4" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1050,1185,1801,1822]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Taxidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taxus">
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FBE3F8CBFB38F8F4" box="[1050,1185,1801,1822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Taxidea taxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and I — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495504C66FF2EF8E6FED8F8D2" authority="lutra" box="[215,321,1827,1849]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutra">
<emphasis id="B941B64595504C66FF2EF8E6FED8F8D2" box="[215,321,1827,1849]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Lutra lutra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4A3ADF95574C61FF5FFF6DFDDCFF2D" ID-Table-UUID="DF4A3ADF95574C61FF5FFF6DFDDCFF2D" box="[166,581,175,199]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A3ADF95574C61FF5FFF6DFDDCFF2D" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" start="Table 1" startId="4.[166,237,175,199]" targetBox="[170,1218,240,1455]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795574C61FF5FFF6DFDDCFF2D" blockId="4.[166,581,175,199]" box="[166,581,175,199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Table 1. Cranial measurements, mm</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795574C61FED9FE8BFB31FA95" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
<table id="F93598F79557B39AFF53FF32FB5BFA45" box="[170,1218,240,1455]" gridcols="9" gridrows="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FF32FB5BFEEF" box="[170,1218,240,261]" gridrow="0" isHeader="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FF32FE62FE5A" box="[170,507,240,432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">Characters</th>
<th id="76D401699557B39AFDF2FF32FDA0FE5A" box="[523,569,240,432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495574C61FDF2FEDDFDA0FE73" authority="Koretsky &amp; Rahmat, 2021" authorityName="Koretsky &amp; Rahmat" authorityYear="2021" box="[523,569,287,409]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Planopusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semenovi" status="sp . n.">
<emphasis id="B941B64595574C61FDF2FEDDFDA0FE73" box="[523,569,287,409]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Planopusa semenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2720B3E95574C61FDDAFEE6FDA0FEE7" box="[547,569,265,316]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<th id="76D401699557B39AFDBAFF32FDE8FE5A" box="[579,625,240,432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495574C61FDBAFED1FDE8FE90" authorityName="Koretsky" authorityYear="2001" box="[579,625,275,398]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Histriophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alekseevi">Histriophoca alekseevi</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76D401699557B39AFD85FF32FD32FE5A" box="[636,683,240,432]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495574C61FD84FED1FD32FE9E" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[637,683,275,399]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pontica">
<emphasis id="B941B64595574C61FD84FED1FD32FE9E" box="[637,683,275,399]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Monachopsis pontica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76D401699557B39AFD46FF32FD6AFE5A" box="[703,755,240,432]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495574C61FD3CFEE9FD6AFE5A" box="[709,755,298,432]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Prepusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vindobonensis">
<emphasis id="B941B64595574C61FD3CFEE9FD6AFE5A" box="[709,755,298,432]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Prepusa vindobonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(juv.)
</th>
<th id="76D401699557B39AFCF1FF32FCFDFE5A" box="[776,868,240,432]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495574C61FCDBFEFCFCA1FEF5" box="[802,824,284,422]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phocanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B941B64595574C61FCDBFEFCFCA1FE4C" box="[802,824,318,422]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Phocanella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, cf. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495574C61FCC3FE83FCC9FED6" baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[826,848,248,425]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phocanella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B941B64595574C61FCC3FE83FCC9FED6" box="[826,848,248,425]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Phocanella pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76D401699557B39AFC94FF32FC64FE5A" box="[877,1021,240,432]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495574C61FC58FED8FC56FE8C" baseAuthorityName="True" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[929,975,282,391]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lenis">
<emphasis id="B941B64595574C61FC58FED8FC56FE8C" box="[929,975,282,391]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Leptophoca lenis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFF32FB5BFEEF" box="[1030,1218,240,261]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Devinophoca</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FE9BFB5BFE5A" box="[170,1218,345,432]" gridrow="1" isHeader="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFE9BFBC4FE5A" box="[1030,1117,345,432]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">claytoni</th>
<th id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFE9BFB5BFE5A" box="[1126,1218,345,432]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495574C61FB80FE98FB36FE85" box="[1145,1199,346,367]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Devinophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="claytoni" subSpecies="emryi">
<emphasis id="B941B64595574C61FB80FE98FB36FE85" box="[1145,1199,346,367]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">emryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FE01FB5BFE33" box="[170,1218,451,473]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FE01FE62FE33" box="[170,507,451,473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">1. Total length</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FE01FD6AFE33" box="[703,755,451,473]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">116.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FE01FC64FE33" box="[877,1021,451,473]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">220.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFE01FBC4FE33" box="[1030,1117,451,473]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">119.9</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFE01FB5BFE33" box="[1126,1218,451,473]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">119.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FE21FB5BFE13" box="[170,1218,483,505]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FE21FE62FE13" box="[170,507,483,505]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">2. Condylobasal length</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FE21FD6AFE13" box="[703,755,483,505]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">127.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FE21FC64FE13" box="[877,1021,483,505]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">208.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFE21FBC4FE13" box="[1030,1117,483,505]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">119.3</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFE21FB5BFE13" box="[1126,1218,483,505]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">118.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FDC6FB5BFDF0" box="[170,1218,516,538]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FDC6FE62FDF0" box="[170,507,516,538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">3. Length of palatine process</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFDBAFDC6FDE8FDF0" box="[579,625,516,538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">55.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FDC6FD6AFDF0" box="[703,755,516,538]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">65.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FDC6FC64FDF0" box="[877,1021,516,538]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">83.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFDC6FBC4FDF0" box="[1030,1117,516,538]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">71.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFDC6FB5BFDF0" box="[1126,1218,516,538]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">81.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FDE6FB5BFDB8" box="[170,1218,548,594]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FDE6FE62FDB8" box="[170,507,548,594]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">4. Length of rostral part, measured from antero-upper corner of orbit</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFDBAFDE6FDE8FDB8" box="[579,625,548,594]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">52.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FDE6FD6AFDB8" box="[703,755,548,594]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">47.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FDE6FC64FDB8" box="[877,1021,548,594]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">63.7–69</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFDE6FBC4FDB8" box="[1030,1117,548,594]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">49.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFDE6FB5BFDB8" box="[1126,1218,548,594]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">60.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FD9FFB5BFD61" box="[170,1218,605,651]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FD9FFE62FD61" box="[170,507,605,651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">5. Length of braincase, measured from posterior corner of orbit</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FD9FFD6AFD61" box="[703,755,605,651]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">83.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FD9FFC64FD61" box="[877,1021,605,651]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">84.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFD9FFBC4FD61" box="[1030,1117,605,651]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">93.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFD9FFB5BFD61" box="[1126,1218,605,651]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">70.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FD5AFB5BFD44" box="[170,1218,664,686]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FD5AFE62FD44" box="[170,507,664,686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">6. Length of tympanic bulla</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FD5AFD6AFD44" box="[703,755,664,686]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">23.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FD5AFC64FD44" box="[877,1021,664,686]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">29.0–35.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFD5AFBC4FD44" box="[1030,1117,664,686]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">38.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFD5AFB5BFD44" box="[1126,1218,664,686]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">33.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FD7AFB5BFD24" box="[170,1218,696,718]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FD7AFE62FD24" box="[170,507,696,718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">7. Length of toothrow, P1–M1</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFDBAFD7AFDE8FD24" box="[579,625,696,718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">35.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD85FD7AFD32FD24" box="[636,683,696,718]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">29.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FD7AFD6AFD24" box="[703,755,696,718]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">34.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FD7AFC64FD24" box="[877,1021,696,718]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">60.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFD7AFBC4FD24" box="[1030,1117,696,718]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">49.0–53.2</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFD7AFB5BFD24" box="[1126,1218,696,718]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">46.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FD1BFB5BFD05" box="[170,1218,729,751]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FD1BFE62FD05" box="[170,507,729,751]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">8. Length of toothrow, P2–P4</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFDBAFD1BFDE8FD05" box="[579,625,729,751]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">20.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FD1BFD6AFD05" box="[703,755,729,751]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">20.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FD1BFC64FD05" box="[877,1021,729,751]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">38.0–40.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFD1BFBC4FD05" box="[1030,1117,729,751]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">32.5–34.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFD1BFB5BFD05" box="[1126,1218,729,751]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">28.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FD3BFB5BFCCD" box="[170,1218,761,807]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FD3BFE62FCCD" box="[170,507,761,807]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">9. Maximum diameter of infraorbital foramen</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FD3BFC64FCCD" box="[877,1021,761,807]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">9.0–11.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFD3BFBC4FCCD" box="[1030,1117,761,807]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">7.5–11.2</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFD3BFB5BFCCD" box="[1126,1218,761,807]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">11.2–12.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FCF0FB5BFCA2" box="[170,1218,818,840]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FCF0FE62FCA2" box="[170,507,818,840]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">10. Length of temporal fossa</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FCF0FD6AFCA2" box="[703,755,818,840]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">38.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FCF0FC64FCA2" box="[877,1021,818,840]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">63.6–68.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFCF0FBC4FCA2" box="[1030,1117,818,840]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">61.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFCF0FB5BFCA2" box="[1126,1218,818,840]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">61.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FC90FB5BFC6A" box="[170,1218,850,896]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FC90FE62FC6A" box="[170,507,850,896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">11. Width of rostrum across canines</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFDF2FC90FDA0FC6A" box="[523,569,850,896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">30.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFDBAFC90FDE8FC6A" box="[579,625,850,896]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">24.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FC90FD6AFC6A" box="[703,755,850,896]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">19.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFCF1FC90FCFDFC6A" box="[776,868,850,896]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">40.0–40.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FC90FC64FC6A" box="[877,1021,850,896]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">33.0–36.0; 47.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFC90FBC4FC6A" box="[1030,1117,850,896]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">40.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFC90FB5BFC6A" box="[1126,1218,850,896]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">47.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FC49FB5BFC4B" box="[170,1218,907,929]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FC49FE62FC4B" box="[170,507,907,929]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">12. Maximal infraorbital width</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FC49FC64FC4B" box="[877,1021,907,929]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">16.0–22.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFC49FBC4FC4B" box="[1030,1117,907,929]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">25.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFC49FB5BFC4B" box="[1126,1218,907,929]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">22.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FC6EFB5BFC28" box="[170,1218,940,962]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FC6EFE62FC28" box="[170,507,940,962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">13. Minimal infraorbital width</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FC6EFD6AFC28" box="[703,755,940,962]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">5.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FC6EFC64FC28" box="[877,1021,940,962]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">12.7–15.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFC6EFBC4FC28" box="[1030,1117,940,962]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">14.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFC6EFB5BFC28" box="[1126,1218,940,962]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">19.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FC0EFB5BFC10" box="[170,1218,972,1018]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FC0EFE62FC10" box="[170,507,972,1018]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">14. Width of skull across of zygomatic process of squamosal</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FC0EFD6AFC10" box="[703,755,972,1018]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">66.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FC0EFC64FC10" box="[877,1021,972,1018]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">112.0–116.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFC0EFBC4FC10" box="[1030,1117,972,1018]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">124.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFC0EFB5BFC10" box="[1126,1218,972,1018]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">127.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FBC7FB5BFBF1" box="[170,1218,1029,1051]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FBC7FE62FBF1" box="[170,507,1029,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">15. Width of braincase</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FBC7FD6AFBF1" box="[703,755,1029,1051]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">65.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FBC7FC64FBF1" box="[877,1021,1029,1051]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">85.0–114.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFBC7FBC4FBF1" box="[1030,1117,1029,1051]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">88.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFBC7FB5BFBF1" box="[1126,1218,1029,1051]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">78.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FBE7FB5BFBD1" box="[170,1218,1061,1083]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FBE7FE62FBD1" box="[170,507,1061,1083]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">16. Mastoid width</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FBE7FD6AFBD1" box="[703,755,1061,1083]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">68.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FBE7FC64FBD1" box="[877,1021,1061,1083]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">92.0–140.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFBE7FBC4FBD1" box="[1030,1117,1061,1083]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">113.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFBE7FB5BFBD1" box="[1126,1218,1061,1083]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">102.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FB84FB5BFB9E" box="[170,1218,1094,1140]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FB84FE62FB9E" box="[170,507,1094,1140]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">17. Width of palatine process between P1's</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFDF2FB84FDA0FB9E" box="[523,569,1094,1140]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">15.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFDBAFB84FDE8FB9E" box="[579,625,1094,1140]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">13.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD85FB84FD32FB9E" box="[636,683,1094,1140]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">17.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FB84FD6AFB9E" box="[703,755,1094,1140]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">9.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFCF1FB84FCFDFB9E" box="[776,868,1094,1140]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">20.0–21.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FB84FC64FB9E" box="[877,1021,1094,1140]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">15.5–19.0; 24.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFB84FBC4FB9E" box="[1030,1117,1094,1140]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">10.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFB84FB5BFB9E" box="[1126,1218,1094,1140]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">20.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FBBCFB5BFB46" box="[170,1218,1150,1196]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FBBCFE62FB46" box="[170,507,1150,1196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">18. Maximum width of palatine process</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFDF2FBBCFDA0FB46" box="[523,569,1150,1196]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">23.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFDBAFBBCFDE8FB46" box="[579,625,1150,1196]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">44.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD85FBBCFD32FB46" box="[636,683,1150,1196]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">38.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FBBCFD6AFB46" box="[703,755,1150,1196]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">35.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFCF1FBBCFCFDFB46" box="[776,868,1150,1196]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">34.5–35.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FBBCFC64FB46" box="[877,1021,1150,1196]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">45.3–50.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFBBCFBC4FB46" box="[1030,1117,1150,1196]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">55.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFBBCFB5BFB46" box="[1126,1218,1150,1196]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">40.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FB75FB5BFB0F" box="[170,1218,1207,1253]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FB75FE62FB0F" box="[170,507,1207,1253]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">19. Maximum width of infraorbital foramen</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFDBAFB75FDE8FB0F" box="[579,625,1207,1253]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">10.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD85FB75FD32FB0F" box="[636,683,1207,1253]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">7.9</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FB75FD6AFB0F" box="[703,755,1207,1253]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">7.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FB75FC64FB0F" box="[877,1021,1207,1253]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">7.0–9.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFB75FBC4FB0F" box="[1030,1117,1207,1253]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">9.0–10.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFB75FB5BFB0F" box="[1126,1218,1207,1253]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">7.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FB32FB5BFAEC" box="[170,1218,1264,1286]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FB32FE62FAEC" box="[170,507,1264,1286]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">20. Width of tympanic bulla</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FB32FD6AFAEC" box="[703,755,1264,1286]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">22.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FB32FC64FAEC" box="[877,1021,1264,1286]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">28.3–35.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFB32FBC4FAEC" box="[1030,1117,1264,1286]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">49.3</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFB32FB5BFAEC" box="[1126,1218,1264,1286]" gridcol="8" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">35.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FAD2FB5BFACC" box="[170,1218,1296,1318]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FAD2FE62FACC" box="[170,507,1296,1318]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">21. Width of rostrum</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFDF2FAD2FDA0FACC" box="[523,569,1296,1318]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">30.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFDBAFAD2FDE8FACC" box="[579,625,1296,1318]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">18.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD85FAD2FD32FACC" box="[636,683,1296,1318]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">30.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FAD2FD6AFACC" box="[703,755,1296,1318]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">15.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFCF1FAD2FCFDFACC" box="[776,868,1296,1318]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">33.00</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FAD2FC64FACC" box="[877,1021,1296,1318]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">25.0–30.0; 40.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFAD2FBC4FACC" box="[1030,1117,1296,1318]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">37.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFAD2FB5BFACC" box="[1126,1218,1296,1318]" gridcol="8" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">45.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FAF3FB5BFAB5" box="[170,1218,1329,1375]" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FAF3FE62FAB5" box="[170,507,1329,1375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">22. Height of skull in region of tympanic bulla</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FAF3FD6AFAB5" box="[703,755,1329,1375]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">52.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FAF3FC64FAB5" box="[877,1021,1329,1375]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">69.0–71.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFAF3FBC4FAB5" box="[1030,1117,1329,1375]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">80.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFAF3FB5BFAB5" box="[1126,1218,1329,1375]" gridcol="8" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">81.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159557B39AFF53FAABFB5BFA45" box="[170,1218,1385,1455]" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76D401699557B39AFF53FAABFE62FA45" box="[170,507,1385,1455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">23. Distance from center of stylomastoid foramen to center of postglenoid foramen</th>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFD46FAABFD6AFA45" box="[703,755,1385,1455]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">14.5</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFC94FAABFC64FA45" box="[877,1021,1385,1455]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">19.5–20.0</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFBFFFAABFBC4FA45" box="[1030,1117,1385,1455]" gridcol="7" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">15.1</td>
<td id="76D401699557B39AFB9FFAABFB5BFA45" box="[1126,1218,1385,1455]" gridcol="8" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">19.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795574C61FF22FA05FCAAF988" blockId="4.[166,1225,1479,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
Maxillary teeth: All teeth are very small with double roots (except C, P1). The incisors are arranged in a straight line. The roots of alveoli I3 are larger than I2, which in turn is larger than I1. The I3 crown is preserved with a small cingulum on the lingual side, round in cross-section. Cingula present only on lingual sides of the crown and do not extend the buccal (labial) side (in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495574C61FDCFF985FD57F98B" box="[566,718,1607,1633]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Devinophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941B64595574C61FDCFF985FD57F98B" box="[566,718,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Devinophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="130E76D295574C61FD1EF985FCBCF988" box="[743,805,1607,1634]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[172,205,781,803]" captionTargetBox="[211,1199,175,772]" captionTargetId="figure-124@3.[200,1211,174,776]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Rostral portion of the partial skull of Planopusa semenovi sp. n. (NMNHU-P 64-709) in ventral (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C) and medial view (D). Upper P4 tooth in labial (E), lingual (F) and occlusal view (G). Upper M1 tooth in labial (H), lingual (I) and occlusal view (J). C — upper canine, P1 — upper first premolar; P2 — upper second premolar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6455846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6455846/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795574C61FF22F9A5FF73F8A8" blockId="4.[166,1225,1479,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">
Canines project ventrally, slightly worn (possibly sub-adult), but the anterior surface in both canines is worn or due to overbite with grinding of the lower canine (
<figureCitation id="130E76D295574C61FBAEF945FB05F94B" box="[1111,1180,1671,1697]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[172,205,781,803]" captionTargetBox="[211,1199,175,772]" captionTargetId="figure-124@3.[200,1211,174,776]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Rostral portion of the partial skull of Planopusa semenovi sp. n. (NMNHU-P 64-709) in ventral (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C) and medial view (D). Upper P4 tooth in labial (E), lingual (F) and occlusal view (G). Upper M1 tooth in labial (H), lingual (I) and occlusal view (J). C — upper canine, P1 — upper first premolar; P2 — upper second premolar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6455846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6455846/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130E76D295574C61FB50F945FB20F948" box="[1193,1209,1671,1698]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[174,207,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[235,1188,1199,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-120@3.[215,1201,1179,1739]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Skull ventral views: A — Planopusa semenovi sp. n. (NMNHU-P 64-709); B — Leptophoca lenis (CMM- V-2021); C — Histriophoca alekseevi (IZUAN 40-121); D — Praepusa tarchankutica (NMNH- 64-469); E — Leptophoca lenis (CMM- V-2021); F — Callorhinus ursinus; G — Pusa caspica; H — Taxidea taxus, and I — Lutra lutra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6455848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6455848/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">3</figureCitation>
). The diastema is absent between C and P1, which is located obliquely to the tooth row. The snout is shortened, but the canines are relatively large compared to the length of the snout and other teeth, supporting the overbite hypothesis where the lower canine wears the upper, similar to those in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495574C61FDF5F8C5FDE6F8CB" authority="gulo" box="[524,639,1799,1825]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Gulo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gulo">
<emphasis id="B941B64595574C61FDF5F8C5FDE6F8CB" box="[524,639,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">Gulo gulo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(wolverine) (
<collectionCode id="ED24F29295574C61FCDBF8C5FC18F8CB" box="[802,897,1799,1825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="147">IZUAN</collectionCode>
896, from the Archangelsk area).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795564C60FF26FF6DFDB7FE80" blockId="5.[170,1229,175,618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Diastemata between postcanine teeth are absent. All alveoli are rounded and the posterior roots of P2, P4, and M1 are larger than anterior roots. Tooth crowns are not worn. The large paraconid (central cusp) is turned caudally, with one small anterior cusp and a posterior cusp that is larger and positioned higher. The third cusp is placed on the basal cingulum, located caudally to the posterior cusp, and it is much smaller than other cusps (especially smaller on M1).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795564C60FF26FEADFDD1FD83" blockId="5.[170,1229,175,618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
The P1 has a single root, oval in cross-section, almost intact (similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FBA9FEB2FB22FE63" box="[1104,1211,368,393]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Praepusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FBA9FEB2FB22FE63" box="[1104,1211,368,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Praepusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Its crown is 5.0 mm long (
<tableCitation id="C6B75FEC95564C60FE1FFE4DFDA0FE40" box="[486,569,399,426]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[172,239,644,665]" captionTargetBox="[185,1206,705,1065]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2. Measurements of the upper dentition of Planopusa semenovi and other phocines, mm" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A3ADF95564C60FF55FD46FBF6FD73" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">table 2</tableCitation>
), with a conical (triangular) central cusp and cuspidate lingual cingulum bearing diminutive two posterior cusps (in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FC01FE72FBC7FE23" baseAuthorityName="Koretsky and Rahmat" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1016,1118,432,457]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Devinophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emryi">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FC01FE72FBC7FE23" box="[1016,1118,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">D. emryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Cinguli on P2, P4, and M1 are parallel to the lower enamel margin. On P2, P4, and M1, the gum line is parallel to the margin of the dentary. The complete crowns on postcanine teeth (except P1) are irregularly shaped in occlusal view (in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FC93FDD2FC4BFDC3" baseAuthorityName="Koretsky and Rahmat" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[874,978,528,553]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Devinophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emryi">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FC93FDD2FC4BFDC3" box="[874,978,528,553]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">D. emryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The P1 is flattened disto-lingually on its lingual side. The cingulum, bearing minute cuspules, encircles the crown on the lingual side of the P1.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A3ADF95564C60FF55FD46FBF6FD73" ID-Table-UUID="DF4A3ADF95564C60FF55FD46FBF6FD73" box="[172,1135,643,665]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A3ADF95564C60FF55FD46FBF6FD73" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" start="Table 2" startId="5.[172,239,644,665]" targetBox="[185,1206,705,1065]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795564C60FF55FD46FBF6FD73" blockId="5.[172,1135,643,665]" box="[172,1135,643,665]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
Table 2. Measurements of the upper dentition of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FD57FD41FCEEFD73" authorityName="Koretsky &amp; Rahmat" authorityYear="2021" box="[686,887,643,665]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Planopusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semenovi">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FD57FD41FCEEFD73" bold="true" box="[686,887,643,665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Planopusa semenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other phocines, mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795564C60FF40FD1DFB3BFBC3" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
<table id="F93598F79556B39AFF40FD03FB2FFBC3" box="[185,1206,705,1065]" gridcols="11" gridrows="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
<tr id="350568159556B39AFF40FD03FB2FFD3C" box="[185,1206,705,726]" gridrow="0" isHeader="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
<th id="76D401699556B39AFF40FD03FF69FCFE" box="[185,240,705,788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rowspan="3" rowspanBelow="2">Teeth</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFEFEFD03FE05FD1F" box="[263,412,705,757]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FEDBFD06FEFAFD18" authority="Koretsky &amp; Rahmat, 2021" authorityName="Koretsky &amp; Rahmat" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Planopusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semenovi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FEDBFD06FE1CFD33" box="[290,389,708,729]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Planopusa</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FEF2FD1FFEFAFD18" box="[267,355,733,754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">semenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2720B3E95564C60FE91FD1EFE05FD18" box="[360,412,732,754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFE39FD03FDCFFD1F" box="[448,598,705,757]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FE3EFD06FDB0FD18" baseAuthorityName="Eichwald" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[455,579,708,754]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pontica">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FE3EFD06FDDAFD33" box="[455,579,708,729]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Monachopsis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FE1BFD1FFDB0FD18" box="[482,553,733,754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">pontica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFD8AFD03FCADFD1F" box="[627,820,705,757]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rowspan="2" rowspanBelow="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FD78FD06FC92FD30" box="[641,779,708,730]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phocanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FD78FD06FD70FD33" box="[641,745,708,729]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Phocanella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, cf. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FD87FD1EFCB6FD1B" baseAuthorityName="Van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[638,815,732,753]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phocanella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FD87FD1EFCB6FD1B" box="[638,815,732,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Phocanella pumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFCACFD03FB2FFD3C" box="[853,1206,705,726]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FC37FD03FBD3FD3C" box="[974,1098,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Devinophoca</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159556B39AFF40FD1DFB2FFD1F" box="[185,1206,735,757]" gridrow="1" isHeader="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
<th id="76D401699556B39AFCACFD1DFC7BFD1F" box="[853,994,735,757]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FC81FD1DFC5AFD1E" authorityName="Koretsky &amp; Holec" authorityYear="2002" box="[888,963,735,756]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Devinophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="claytoni">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FC81FD1DFC5AFD1E" box="[888,963,735,756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">claytoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFC0EFD1DFB2FFD1F" box="[1015,1206,735,757]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FBBAFD22FBE0FD1F" baseAuthorityName="Koretsky and Rahmat" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1091,1145,736,757]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Devinophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emryi">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FBBAFD22FBE0FD1F" box="[1091,1145,736,757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">emryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159556B39AFF40FD3CFB2FFCFE" box="[185,1206,766,788]" gridrow="2" isHeader="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
<th id="76D401699556B39AFEFEFD3CFEDDFCFE" box="[263,324,766,788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">length</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFE99FD3CFE05FCFE" box="[352,412,766,788]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">width</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFE39FD3CFE64FCFE" box="[448,509,766,788]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">length</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFDE7FD3CFDCFFCFE" box="[542,598,766,788]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">width</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFD8AFD3CFD5CFCFE" box="[627,709,766,788]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">length</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFD17FD3CFCADFCFE" box="[750,820,766,788]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">width</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFCACFD3CFC0BFCFE" box="[853,914,766,788]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">length</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFC53FD3CFC7BFCFE" box="[938,994,766,788]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">width</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFC0EFD3CFBCDFCFE" box="[1015,1108,766,788]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">length</th>
<th id="76D401699556B39AFB88FD3CFB2FFCFE" box="[1137,1206,766,788]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">width</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159556B39AFF40FCDFFB2FFCD9" box="[185,1206,797,819]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76D401699556B39AFF40FCDFFF69FCD9" box="[185,240,797,819]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">I1</th>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFE99FCDFFE05FCD9" box="[352,412,797,819]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">2.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFD8AFCDFFD5CFCD9" box="[627,709,797,819]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">4.0–4.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFD17FCDFFCADFCD9" box="[750,820,797,819]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">2.5–3.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC53FCDFFC7BFCD9" box="[938,994,797,819]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">3.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFB88FCDFFB2FFCD9" box="[1137,1206,797,819]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">3.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159556B39AFF40FCFEFB2FFCB8" box="[185,1206,828,850]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76D401699556B39AFF40FCFEFF69FCB8" box="[185,240,828,850]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">I2</th>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFE99FCFEFE05FCB8" box="[352,412,828,850]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">3.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFD8AFCFEFD5CFCB8" box="[627,709,828,850]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">5.0–5.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFD17FCFEFCADFCB8" box="[750,820,828,850]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">4.0–4.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC53FCFEFC7BFCB8" box="[938,994,828,850]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">3.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFB88FCFEFB2FFCB8" box="[1137,1206,828,850]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">3.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159556B39AFF40FC98FB2FFC9A" box="[185,1206,858,880]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="76D401699556B39AFF40FC98FF69FC9A" box="[185,240,858,880]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">I3</th>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFEFEFC98FEDDFC9A" box="[263,324,858,880]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">5.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFE99FC98FE05FC9A" box="[352,412,858,880]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">3.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFD8AFC98FD5CFC9A" box="[627,709,858,880]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">7.0–7.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFD17FC98FCADFC9A" box="[750,820,858,880]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">5.0–5.6</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC53FC98FC7BFC9A" box="[938,994,858,880]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">5.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159556B39AFF40FCBBFB2FFC65" box="[185,1206,889,911]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="76D401699556B39AFF40FCBBFF69FC65" box="[185,240,889,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">C</th>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFEFEFCBBFEDDFC65" box="[263,324,889,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">6.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFE99FCBBFE05FC65" box="[352,412,889,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">5.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFCACFCBBFC0BFC65" box="[853,914,889,911]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">13.2</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC53FCBBFC7BFC65" box="[938,994,889,911]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">10.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC0EFCBBFBCDFC65" box="[1015,1108,889,911]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">11.8</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFB88FCBBFB2FFC65" box="[1137,1206,889,911]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">11.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159556B39AFF40FC5AFB2FFC44" box="[185,1206,920,942]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
<th id="76D401699556B39AFF40FC5AFF69FC44" box="[185,240,920,942]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">P1</th>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFEFEFC5AFEDDFC44" box="[263,324,920,942]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">5.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFE99FC5AFE05FC44" box="[352,412,920,942]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">3.8</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFE39FC5AFE64FC44" box="[448,509,920,942]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">4.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFDE7FC5AFDCFFC44" box="[542,598,920,942]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">5.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFD8AFC5AFD5CFC44" box="[627,709,920,942]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">6.5–7.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFD17FC5AFCADFC44" box="[750,820,920,942]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">6.0–7.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFCACFC5AFC0BFC44" box="[853,914,920,942]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">6.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC53FC5AFC7BFC44" box="[938,994,920,942]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">5.6</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC0EFC5AFBCDFC44" box="[1015,1108,920,942]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">6.2</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFB88FC5AFB2FFC44" box="[1137,1206,920,942]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">5.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159556B39AFF40FC75FB2FFC27" box="[185,1206,951,973]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
<th id="76D401699556B39AFF40FC75FF69FC27" box="[185,240,951,973]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">P2</th>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFEFEFC75FEDDFC27" box="[263,324,951,973]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">7.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFE99FC75FE05FC27" box="[352,412,951,973]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">4.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFE39FC75FE64FC27" box="[448,509,951,973]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">8.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFDE7FC75FDCFFC27" box="[542,598,951,973]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">5.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFD8AFC75FD5CFC27" box="[627,709,951,973]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">9.0–11.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFD17FC75FCADFC27" box="[750,820,951,973]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">7.0–7.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFCACFC75FC0BFC27" box="[853,914,951,973]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">10</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC53FC75FC7BFC27" box="[938,994,951,973]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">6.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC0EFC75FBCDFC27" box="[1015,1108,951,973]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">5.2</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFB88FC75FB2FFC27" box="[1137,1206,951,973]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">7.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159556B39AFF40FC17FB2FFC01" box="[185,1206,981,1003]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="76D401699556B39AFF40FC17FF69FC01" box="[185,240,981,1003]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">P3</th>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFE39FC17FE64FC01" box="[448,509,981,1003]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">8.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFDE7FC17FDCFFC01" box="[542,598,981,1003]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">4.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFCACFC17FC0BFC01" box="[853,914,981,1003]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">10.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC53FC17FC7BFC01" box="[938,994,981,1003]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">8.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC0EFC17FBCDFC01" box="[1015,1108,981,1003]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">9.6</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFB88FC17FB2FFC01" box="[1137,1206,981,1003]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">7.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159556B39AFF40FC36FB2FFBE0" box="[185,1206,1012,1034]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="76D401699556B39AFF40FC36FF69FBE0" box="[185,240,1012,1034]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">P4</th>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFEFEFC36FEDDFBE0" box="[263,324,1012,1034]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">7.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFE99FC36FE05FBE0" box="[352,412,1012,1034]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">4.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFE39FC36FE64FBE0" box="[448,509,1012,1034]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">4.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFDE7FC36FDCFFBE0" box="[542,598,1012,1034]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">4.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFCACFC36FC0BFBE0" box="[853,914,1012,1034]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">10.6</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC53FC36FC7BFBE0" box="[938,994,1012,1034]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">8.2</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC0EFC36FBCDFBE0" box="[1015,1108,1012,1034]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">11.0–11.1</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFB88FC36FB2FFBE0" box="[1137,1206,1012,1034]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">5.7–7.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350568159556B39AFF40FBD1FB2FFBC3" box="[185,1206,1043,1065]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="76D401699556B39AFF40FBD1FF69FBC3" box="[185,240,1043,1065]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">M1</th>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFEFEFBD1FEDDFBC3" box="[263,324,1043,1065]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">5.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFE99FBD1FE05FBC3" box="[352,412,1043,1065]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">3.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFE39FBD1FE64FBC3" box="[448,509,1043,1065]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">3.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFDE7FBD1FDCFFBC3" box="[542,598,1043,1065]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">3.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFCACFBD1FC0BFBC3" box="[853,914,1043,1065]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">9.3</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC53FBD1FC7BFBC3" box="[938,994,1043,1065]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">7.5</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFC0EFBD1FBCDFBC3" box="[1015,1108,1043,1065]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">8.0</td>
<td id="76D401699556B39AFB88FBD1FB2FFBC3" box="[1137,1206,1043,1065]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">4.7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A3ADF95564C60FF57F93BFBCDF8C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6455850" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6455850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6455850/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" startId="5.[174,207,1785,1807]" targetBox="[206,1184,1132,1762]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795564C60FF57F93BFBCDF8C0" blockId="5.[174,1232,1785,1834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">
Fig. 4. Skull lateral views: A — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FE27F93BFD38F8E5" authorityName="Koretsky &amp; Rahmat" authorityYear="2021" box="[478,673,1785,1807]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Planopusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semenovi">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FE27F93BFD38F8E5" box="[478,673,1785,1807]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Planopusa semenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NMNHU-P 64-709); B — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FC48F93BFB97F8E4" authority="gulo" box="[945,1038,1785,1806]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Gulo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gulo">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FC48F93BFB97F8E4" box="[945,1038,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Gulo gulo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IZYAN 896); C — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FF57F8D6FE08F8C3" baseAuthorityName="Toula" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[174,401,1812,1833]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Praepusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vindobonensis">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FF57F8D6FE08F8C3" box="[174,401,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Praepusa vindobonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IZUAN N64-468, juvenile), and D — 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495564C60FCF3F8D6FC3EF8C3" baseAuthorityName="True" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[778,935,1812,1833]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lenis">
<emphasis id="B941B64595564C60FCF3F8D6FC3EF8C3" box="[778,935,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="148">Leptophoca lenis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CMM- V-2021).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795554C63FF22FF6DFC84FE60" blockId="6.[166,1225,175,714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
The P2-M1 crowns are triangular in occlusal view and slightly worn. The P2-M1 teeth have two roots, both round in cross-section. The posterior root on P2 is wider and much larger than the anterior alveolus. The P2 is situated in parallel to the tooth row. The P2 crown has a very prominent lingual cingulum with a minute anterior cingular cusp and slightly larger than two posterior cusps. The cingulum on the labial side extends around the entire tooth (in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495554C63FDECFE92FDE2FE83" baseAuthorityName="Koretsky and Rahmat" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[533,635,336,361]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Devinophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emryi">
<emphasis id="B941B64595554C63FDECFE92FDE2FE83" box="[533,635,336,361]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">D. emryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with carinae (sharp tooth edges) similar to those observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495554C63FECCFEADFC80FE60" authority="(Amson and Muizon, 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Amson and Muizon" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[309,793,367,394]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae (Amson and Muizon, 2014)</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795554C63FF22FE4DFEECFDE3" blockId="6.[166,1225,175,714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">The buccal side of the P4 is straight. This tooth has the widest crown base. Posterior root is larger than anterior one, with one anterior cusp, two posterior cusps, and an additional cusp on the lingual side of the cingulum. The crown is triangular in occlusal view. The P4 is larger than M1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795554C63FF22FDCDFD0FFD20" blockId="6.[166,1225,175,714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">
The M1 is very small (
<quantity id="4CCDC7B295554C63FE23FDCDFDACFDC0" box="[474,565,527,554]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="4CCDC7B295554C63FD50FDCDFC9BFDC0" box="[681,770,527,554]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
wide) with two fused roots. The crown is triangular in occlusal view, similar to other postcanines, but much smaller. The anterior cusp is absent, but there is a single posterior cusp and a gracile cingular posterior cusp. Cingulum on the labial side is absent; the tip of the tooth is turned caudally. Cingula are located transversely only on the lingual sides of the crown, not extending the labial (buccal) side (in contrast to those in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3511D495554C63FE14FD6DFD1CFD23" box="[493,645,687,713]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Devinophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941B64595554C63FE14FD6DFD1CFD23" box="[493,645,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Devinophoca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F39DC95554C63FF5FFD2DFB16FCE0" box="[166,1167,751,778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8A6A5795554C63FF5FFD2DFB16FCE0" blockId="6.[166,1167,751,778]" box="[166,1167,751,778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="149">Comparisons with small-sized representatives of the family Phocidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>