treatments-xml/data/03/97/E7/0397E73E087BFF83D48F4E4303A6F914.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

181 lines
20 KiB
XML

<document id="1305782C7B9D1E0F4A65510F49726CB1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.274524" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e8535d79-ab54-493a-b340-ef8bf6582392" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="274524" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459981307430" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Winterton, Shaun L." docDate="2008" docId="0397E73E087BFF83D48F4E4303A6F914" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01895p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1895" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Scenopinus stephanos Winterton, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFAE9F46087BFF82D4184B39072BFFEB" masterDocTitle="An unusual new species of Scenopinus Latreille (Diptera: Scenopinidae) from Australia" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="66" pageNumber="66" updateTime="1698231842901" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="BF3BE88AA04467D603EE411D207BD99B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4099A690038FA67085510EB0BCD0D5DD">
<mods:title id="1F35DFB60D70675BCD924CB3049C5C7C">An unusual new species of Scenopinus Latreille (Diptera: Scenopinidae) from Australia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5746977E05960EBF7E888198CC20F752" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8C0F727066DFC31C56F705B316690CC9">
<mods:roleTerm id="967D0009FA16AADF8A78083AF082D796">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5112EE214428E5A91881FCB2CBF0EE7D">Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5C0390AF6F47457F70FE76A04C73405E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="5599F0E2998B6E344A2C85CA3475EF0F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="AC2D26FA5F1BABC088C4F9657A8D81BB">
<mods:title id="C0621A6188EB824E80968CF099F77DD7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8772E3E2048FB543A12DE5ACDF0793E6">
<mods:date id="3EA5F605ACC04481D71673D4C7DE338B">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0A54DFF2F57DA99C87DDBF2590E688B5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8C07F75741FF70D913EC6242ABEE99E0">1895</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="9498763785D6242336CCFD0E2FDF7DAD" unit="page">
<mods:start id="185FA1ABD5EF60487381B20846616457">66</mods:start>
<mods:end id="74D85EE8B958D731F7F7573B3BF27FC0">68</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="E84D34175CFCF3EF07BF5F5E1E3AAB25">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D56412DE48B6CFBB0B99A421C3B211A9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.274524</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0DAB72A0D7722954D879A6D5AECCF947" type="GBIF-Dataset">e8535d79-ab54-493a-b340-ef8bf6582392</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E77A30C97F311A549E0890E47E4A45ED" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="54C965B9E936586C31E839C883723EB3" type="Zenodo-Dep">274524</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0397E73E087BFF83D48F4E4303A6F914" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6234873" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119378619" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6234873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397E73E087BFF83D48F4E4303A6F914" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397E73E087BFF83D48F4E4303A6F914" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">
<subSubSection id="C32405A3087BFF82D48F4E430515FA79" box="[151,574,1402,1426]" pageId="0" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B815628087BFF82D48F4E430515FA79" blockId="0.[151,574,1402,1426]" box="[151,574,1402,1426]" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">
<heading id="D0C9E144087BFF82D48F4E430515FA79" bold="true" box="[151,574,1402,1426]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="66" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087BFF82D48F4E430515FA79" bold="true" box="[151,574,1402,1426]" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087BFF82D48F4E4306A0FA79" ID-CoL="4V5S5" box="[151,395,1402,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephanos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087BFF82D48F4E4306A0FA79" bold="true" box="[151,395,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">Scenopinus stephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2793741087BFF82D5894E4306CDFA79" box="[401,486,1402,1426]" pageId="0" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13054AAD087BFF82D5EC4E43051EFA79" box="[500,565,1402,1426]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,254,1316,1340]" captionTargetBox="[324,1262,333,1293]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[324,1264,333,1293]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1: Scenopinus stephanos sp. nov. female type, lateral view. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274525/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32405A3087BFF82D48F4E84065BFA1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B815628087BFF82D48F4E84065BFA1C" blockId="0.[151,1436,1469,2012]" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087BFF82D48F4E84063AFA3E" bold="true" box="[151,273,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is derived from the Greek:
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087BFF82D7084E840450FA3F" box="[784,891,1469,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephanos">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087BFF82D7084E840450FA3F" box="[784,891,1469,1492]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">stephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; crown, diadem, referring to the crown-like frontal callus of the female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32405A3087BFF82D4DE4D3B048BF9B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B815628087BFF82D4DE4D3B048BF9B4" blockId="0.[151,1436,1469,2012]" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087BFF82D4DE4D3B064EF9F1" bold="true" box="[198,357,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">
<typeStatus id="5485E88A087BFF82D4DE4D3B07D0F9F1" box="[198,251,1538,1562]" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5485E88A087BFF82D5744D3B06E4F9F2" box="[364,463,1538,1561]" pageId="0" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female,
<collectingCountry id="F32916B8087BFF82D6354D3B05E3F9F2" box="[557,712,1538,1561]" name="Australia" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
: Queensland: Charleville, 5.5 km on road to Augathella;
<date id="FF8070E8087BFF82D1374D3B02BCF9F2" box="[1327,1431,1538,1561]" pageId="0" pageNumber="66" value="1989-03-05">5.iii.1989</date>
; E. Dahms, G. Sarnes; sweep. coccoid inf[ested]
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087BFF82D68F4D1C05C6F9D7" box="[663,749,1573,1596]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087BFF82D68F4D1C05C6F9D7" box="[663,749,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">Aristida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Condition: good (glued on card).
<typeStatus id="5485E88A087BFF82D0664D1C0398F9D7" box="[1150,1203,1573,1596]" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">Type</typeStatus>
specimen (T.156204) is deposited in the Queensland Museum (
<collectionCode id="ED2FCEED087BFF82D6574D710589F9B4" box="[591,674,1608,1631]" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">QMBA</collectionCode>
) in Brisbane,
<collectingCountry id="F32916B8087BFF82D72F4D7104B7F9B4" box="[823,924,1608,1631]" name="Australia" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32405A3087BFF82D4DE4D5304A3F94F" pageId="0" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B815628087BFF82D4DE4D5304A3F94F" blockId="0.[151,1436,1469,2012]" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087BFF82D4DE4D530611F969" bold="true" box="[198,314,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Wing clear hyaline, venation brownish; frons with large, crown-like callus; halteres dark-brown; front legs much more robust than mid or hind legs; abdomen uniform black.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32405A3087BFF83D4DE4D890655FA6A" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="66" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B815628087BFF82D4DE4D89057BF89F" blockId="0.[151,1436,1469,2012]" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087BFF82D4DE4D890667F923" bold="true" box="[198,332,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">Description.</emphasis>
Body length: female 3.0 mm. Head: (
<figureCitation id="13054AAD087BFF82D6EE4D89041CF92C" box="[758,823,1712,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,254,1316,1340]" captionTargetBox="[324,1262,333,1293]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[324,1264,333,1293]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1: Scenopinus stephanos sp. nov. female type, lateral view. Scale line = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274525/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) Glossy black, frons much wider than ocellar tubercle, overlain with short, fine white setae; large truncated callus above antenna projecting anteriorly; sides of callus wrinkled in texture, truncated surface verrucous with short tubercles, slightly cleft longitudinally; face smooth with sparse white setae; antennae projecting ventrally, brown with short pale setae on scape and pedicel; mouthparts reduced, but apparently not vestigial; ocellar tubercle flattened with sparse white setae; postocular ridge smooth, without macrosetae; fine white setae laterally on occiput and gena.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B815628087BFF83D4DE4CB905C0FF3A" blockId="0.[151,1436,1469,2012]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,152,279]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="66">Thorax: Glossy dark brown-black; scutum sparsely overlain with elongate, fine white setae; pleuron mostly glabrous, anterior part greatly recessed to accommodate enlarged forelegs when raised against pleuron; legs with coxae and femora glossy dark-brown, tibia and tarsi light brown; pale setae on femora, longer on posterior surfaces; anterior legs distinctly shorter and more robust than mid and hind legs, fore-tarsal claws enlarged; wing hyaline, venation brown; haltere dark brown, knob with narrow pale stripe ventrally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B815628087AFF83D4DE4BE40310FEFC" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">Abdomen: Glossy black, overlain with sparse pale setae, longer laterally and on terminalia. Genitalia not dissected; sternite 8 slightly emarginate laterally; lateral areas and intersegmental membrane pale.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4106A0087AFF83D48F4E1D037CFAD7" box="[151,1111,1316,1340]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274525/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[324,1262,333,1293]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8B815628087AFF83D48F4E1D037CFAD7" blockId="1.[151,1111,1316,1340]" box="[151,1111,1316,1340]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D48F4E1D063AFAD7" bold="true" box="[151,273,1316,1340]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087AFF83D5384E1C0520FAD7" box="[288,523,1317,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephanos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D5384E1C0520FAD7" box="[288,523,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">Scenopinus stephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2793741087AFF83D6094E1D054CFAD7" box="[529,615,1316,1340]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D6094E1D054CFAD7" bold="true" box="[529,615,1316,1340]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
female type, lateral view. Scale line= 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B815628087AFF83D4DE4E530655FA6A" blockId="1.[151,1436,1386,1791]" box="[198,382,1386,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D4DE4E53062BFA69" bold="true" box="[198,256,1386,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">Male</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32405A3087AFF83D4DE4EB403A6F914" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B815628087AFF83D4DE4EB4047DF97C" blockId="1.[151,1436,1386,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D4DE4EB4051FFA4F" box="[198,564,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D4DE4EB4066AFA4E" bold="true" box="[198,321,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087AFF83D5504EB4051FFA4F" box="[328,564,1421,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephanos" status="sp. nov.">Scenopinus stephanos</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2793741087AFF83D6224EB505BBFA4F" box="[570,656,1420,1444]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D6224EB505BBFA4F" bold="true" box="[570,656,1420,1444]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinct from all other
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087AFF83D7864EB40305FA4F" box="[926,1070,1421,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scenopinidae</taxonomicName>
based on the large truncated frontal callus and the grossly enlarged forelegs (based on the female). It is placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087AFF83D0414E8903F9FA2C" box="[1113,1234,1456,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D0414E8903F9FA2C" box="[1113,1234,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">Scenopinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the characteristic wing venation and antennal shape (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF2BD9087AFF83D6BB4EEB0406FA02" author="Kelsey" box="[675,813,1490,1513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Kelsey, L. P. (1969) A revision of the Scenopinidae (Diptera) of the world. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 277, 1 - 336." type="journal article" year="1969">Kelsey 1969</bibRefCitation>
). The frontal callus is highly sclerotised and has a distinct verrucous longitudinal cleft. As the closely related
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087AFF83D6A74ECC044EF9E7" box="[703,869,1525,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidipennis">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D6A74ECC044EF9E7" box="[703,869,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">S. pallidipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male lacks the frontal callus of the female, it is also likely that the male of this new species also lacks a frontal callus.
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087AFF83D7794D210367F9C4" box="[865,1100,1560,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephanos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D7794D210367F9C4" box="[865,1100,1560,1583]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">Scenopinus stephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2793741087AFF83D04C4D2E0381F9C4" box="[1108,1194,1559,1583]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D04C4D2E0381F9C4" bold="true" box="[1108,1194,1559,1583]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087AFF83D1214D2107CFF9BA" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidipennis">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D1214D2107CFF9BA" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">S. pallidipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the larger size, darker wing venation, larger and differing shaped frontal callus, abdominal segments without white margins and enlarged fore legs. It appears that both
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087AFF83D7194D6404ADF99F" box="[769,902,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephanos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D7194D6404ADF99F" box="[769,902,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">S. stephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2793741087AFF83D7944D6504C9F99F" box="[908,994,1628,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D7944D6504C9F99F" bold="true" box="[908,994,1628,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087AFF83D00D4D640390F99F" box="[1045,1211,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidipennis">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D00D4D640390F99F" box="[1045,1211,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">S. pallidipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are inland species as all collecting records are from far inland sites in central
<collectingCountry id="F32916B8087AFF83D6F54DB90479F97C" box="[749,850,1664,1687]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B815628087AFF83D4DE4D9B03A6F914" blockId="1.[151,1436,1386,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D4DE4D9B068AF951" box="[198,417,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D4DE4D9B06B1F951" bold="true" box="[198,410,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">Acknowledgements</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Thank you to Dr Chris Burwell (Queensland Museum) for loan of the
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087AFF83D0B64D9A020CF951" box="[1198,1319,1699,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94A8A3A087AFF83D0B64D9A020CF951" box="[1198,1319,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">Scenopinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen. This research was supported by a National Science Foundation (
<collectingCountry id="F32916B8087AFF83D75E4DFC0455F937" box="[838,894,1733,1756]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="67">USA</collectingCountry>
) grant (DEB-0614213) on
<taxonomicName id="4C3E2DAB087AFF83D0874DFC0204F937" box="[1183,1327,1733,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scenopinidae</taxonomicName>
systematics. Statements and viewpoints expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the opinions of NSF.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>