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<mods:title id="07364B96C6F3045EFCE0F00152A24B6D">Revisionary notes on Chonocephalus Wandolleck (Diptera: Phoridae) with keys to species of the Holarctic Region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5CD69D25C60370BC6D1B7683AE0E4B02">Disney, R. Henry L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5D6F51E630BF897540C021F2DFF21379">2002</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038287C1FFCF5123FEC63BC39F7F1723" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6278249" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119329854" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6278249" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038287C1FFCF5123FEC63BC39F7F1723" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287C1FFCF5123FEC63BC39F7F1723" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="C331655CFFCF513EFEC63BC39CEB12DB" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFCF513EFEC63BC39FB31286" blockId="13.[264,682,1701,1762]" box="[264,682,1701,1727]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0DC81BBFFCF513EFEC63BC39FB31286" bold="true" box="[264,682,1701,1727]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCF513EFEC63BC39FB31286" ID-CoL="5YBD4" authority="Meijere" authorityName="Meijere" box="[264,682,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCF513EFEC63BC39FB31286" bold="true" box="[264,682,1701,1727]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCF513EFEC63BC39F581286" bold="true" box="[264,577,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chonocephalus depressus</emphasis>
Meijere
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFCF513EFEC63BAE9CEB12DB" blockId="13.[264,682,1701,1762]" box="[264,498,1736,1762]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(Figs 17­19, 36, 38)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331655CFFCF513DFEC63A75995217C9" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFCF513EFEC63A7599101349" blockId="13.[264,1194,1811,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3B11F9FFCF513EFEC63A7599101349" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCF513EFEC63A759FE91313" ID-CoL="5YBD4" authority="Meijere, 1912: 151" authorityName="Meijere" authorityPageNumber="151" authorityYear="1912" box="[264,752,1811,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCF513EFEC63A759F041313" box="[264,541,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chonocephalus depressus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10C6FFCF513EFDEA3A759FE91313" author="Meijere" box="[548,752,1811,1834]" page="151" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCF513EFDEA3A759FA41313" author="Meijere" box="[548,701,1811,1834]" pageId="13" pageNumber="35" refString="Meijere, H. H. C. de (1912) Ueber die Metamorphose von Puliciphora und ueber neue Arten der Gattungen Puliciphora Dahl und Chonocephalus Wandolleck, Zoologische Jahrbucher (Supplement), 15, 141 - 54." type="journal article" year="1912">Meijere, 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 151
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(female only).
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10C6FFCF513EFC5A3A75994F1313" author="Disney" box="[916,1110,1811,1834]" page="208" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCF513EFC5A3A75993D1313" author="Disney" box="[916,1060,1811,1834]" pageId="13" pageNumber="35" refString="Disney, R. H. L. (1991) Scuttle flies of the Cape Verde Islands (Diptera, Phoridae), Journal of African Zoology, 105, 205 - 241." type="journal article" year="1991">Disney, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 208
</treatmentCitation>
(male).
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCF513EFEC63A509FA51375" ID-CoL="5YB64" authority="Collin, 1912: 105" authorityName="Collin" authorityPageNumber="105" authorityYear="1912" box="[264,700,1845,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCF513EFEC63A509CE31374" box="[264,506,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chonocephalus similis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10C6FFCF513EFDCF3A539FA51375" author="Collin" box="[513,700,1845,1868]" page="105" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCF513EFDCF3A539F931375" author="Collin" box="[513,650,1845,1868]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" refString="Collin, J. E. (1912) Diptera. Phoridae from Seychelles, Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 15, 105 - 18." type="journal article" year="1912">Collin, 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 105
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(part) nec
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCF513EFCFF3A539EAC1375" author="Brues" box="[817,949,1845,1868]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" refString="Brues, C. T. (1905) Phoridae from the Indo-Australian region, Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 3, 541 - 555." type="journal article" year="1905">Brues, 1905</bibRefCitation>
. Misidentification.
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCF513EFEC63A3F9E8E1356" ID-CoL="5YB4K" authority="Borgmeier &amp; Schmitz, 1923: 145" authorityName="Borgmeier &amp; Schmitz" authorityPageNumber="145" authorityYear="1923" box="[264,919,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ecitophilus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCF513EFEC63A3F9F331349" box="[264,554,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chonocephalus ecitophilus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10C6FFCF513EFDFE3A3E9E8E1356" author="Borgmeier" box="[560,919,1880,1903]" page="145" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCF513EFDFE3A3E9E7B1356" author="Borgmeier" box="[560,866,1880,1903]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" refString="Borgmeier T. &amp; Schmitz, H. (1923) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Phoriden Brasilens. Deutscher Verein fur Wissenschaft und Kunst in Sao Paulo 3, 127 - 48 (1922)." type="journal article" year="1923">Borgmeier &amp; Schmitz, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 145
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCF513EFC6F3A3E99101349" bold="true" box="[929,1033,1880,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFCC513DFEC63C7A99511540" blockId="14.[264,1114,283,377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3B11F9FFCC513DFEC63C7A99511540" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCC513DFEC63C7A9FF0150A" ID-CoL="5YB4T" authority="Schmitz, 1941: 82" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1941" box="[264,745,284,307]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFEC63C7A9F05150A" box="[264,540,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chonocephalus japonicus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10C6FFCC513DFDED3C7A9FF0150A" author="Schmitz" box="[547,745,284,307]" page="82" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCC513DFDED3C7A9FD8150A" author="Schmitz" box="[547,705,284,307]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" refString="Schmitz, H. (1941) Phoridae, In: Lindner E (ed), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 4 (33) (Lieferung 141), 65 - 128." type="journal article" year="1941">Schmitz, 1941</bibRefCitation>
: 82
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. of male wing only.
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFC223C7D994D150A" bold="true" box="[1004,1108,283,307]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCC513DFEC63C599FBE156F" ID-CoL="5YB4C" authority="Beyer, 1964" authorityName="Beyer" authorityYear="1964" box="[264,679,319,342]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidulus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFEC63C599F39156F" box="[264,544,319,342]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chonocephalus pallidulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCC513DFDE83C599FBE156F" author="Beyer" box="[550,679,319,342]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" refString="Hardy, D. E. &amp; Beyer, E. M. (1964) Family Phoridae, In: Zimmerman EC (ed.) Insects of Hawaii. Volume 11, Honolulu, 262 - 302." type="journal article" year="1964">
Beyer,
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10C6FFCC513DFD073C599EF1156F" author="Hardy" box="[713,1000,319,342]" page="298" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCC513DFD073C599EAA156F" author="Hardy" box="[713,947,319,342]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" refString="Hardy, D. E. &amp; Beyer, E. M. (1964) Family Phoridae, In: Zimmerman EC (ed.) Insects of Hawaii. Volume 11, Honolulu, 262 - 302." type="journal article" year="1964">Hardy &amp; Beyer, 1964</bibRefCitation>
: 298
</treatmentCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFC3D3C589943156F" bold="true" box="[1011,1114,318,342]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCC513DFEC63C079F8C1541" ID-CoL="5YB5T" authority="Beyer, 1964" authorityName="Beyer" authorityYear="1964" box="[264,661,353,376]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simiolus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFEC63C079F171541" box="[264,526,353,376]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chonocephalus simiolus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCC513DFDDA3C079F8C1541" author="Beyer" box="[532,661,353,376]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" refString="Hardy, D. E. &amp; Beyer, E. M. (1964) Family Phoridae, In: Zimmerman EC (ed.) Insects of Hawaii. Volume 11, Honolulu, 262 - 302." type="journal article" year="1964">
Beyer,
<quantity id="4CD39B32FFCC513DFDAE3C079F8C1541" box="[608,661,353,376]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.98856" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="1964.0">1964</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A10C6FFCC513DFD763C079ECE1541" author="Hardy" box="[696,983,353,376]" page="300" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCC513DFD763C079EB81541" author="Hardy" box="[696,929,353,376]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" refString="Hardy, D. E. &amp; Beyer, E. M. (1964) Family Phoridae, In: Zimmerman EC (ed.) Insects of Hawaii. Volume 11, Honolulu, 262 - 302." type="journal article" year="1964">Hardy &amp; Beyer, 1964</bibRefCitation>
: 300
</treatmentCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFC2F3C0799511540" bold="true" box="[993,1096,353,377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFCC513DFEC63CC1995217C9" blockId="14.[264,1324,423,1008]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCC513DFEF03CC19C6815F8" box="[318,369,423,449]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
series was obtained from a rotten caterpillar of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCC513DFC653CC1990E15F9" ID-CoL="94P6G" box="[939,1047,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Prodenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFC653CC1990E15F9" box="[939,1047,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prodenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Medan, Sumatra, collected by de Bussy. I have previously reported (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCC513DFCAE3CA99EE615D0" author="Disney" box="[864,1023,463,489]" pageId="14" pageNumber="34" refString="Disney, R. H. L. (1981) An exotic scuttle fly, Chonocephalus heymonsi Stobbe (Dipt., Phoridae) from Middlesex, Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 116, 207 - 212 (1980)." type="journal article" year="1981">Disney, 1981</bibRefCitation>
) that the
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCC513DFBA13CA999BB15D0" box="[1135,1186,463,489]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
material of this species was not in the Zoölogisch Museum of the University of Amsterdam. De
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCC513DFB3A3C919C4F1600" author="Jong" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" refString="Jong, H. de (2000) The types of Diptera species described by De Meijere, Biodiversity Information Series from the Zoologisch Museum Amsterdam, 1, Backhuys, Leiden, 271 pp." type="book" year="2000">Jong (2000)</bibRefCitation>
reiterated that there was no
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCC513DFD773F799FF51600" box="[697,748,543,569]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
material, but then listed two slides (with three females on one and two females on the other) which “possibly belong to the
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCC513DFB403F2199D81658" box="[1166,1217,583,609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
series of
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFEC63F099F4916B1" box="[264,592,623,648]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCC513DFEC63F099F5816B1" ID-CoL="5YBD4" box="[264,577,623,648]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">Chonocephalus depressus</taxonomicName>
”.
</emphasis>
I have borrowed these two slides, which are labelled “
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCC513DFB1D3F099F161688" ID-CoL="5YBD4" authority="De" authorityName="De" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFB1D3F099CF31689" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chonocephalus depressus</emphasis>
de
</taxonomicName>
Meij. Medan, Sumatra de Bussy leg.”. These specimens are indeed
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCC513DFEC63FD99CBB16E1" ID-CoL="5YBD4" box="[264,418,703,728]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFEC63FD99CBB16E1" box="[264,418,703,728]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. depressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are evidently the lost
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCC513DFD393FD89E3016E1" box="[759,809,702,728]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
material of this species. I have therefore labelled one of the females (on the slide with two specimens) as the
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCC513DFBF03F8099FC1739" box="[1086,1253,742,768]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCC513DFADE3F819C631711" ID-CoL="5YBD4" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFADE3F819C631711" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. depressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in order to stablise its nomenclature. I have labelled the other slide as
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCC513DFB783E689C531769" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
. Other specimens of
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFD863E519FEB1769" box="[584,754,823,848]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. depressus</emphasis>
in the museum in Amsterdam, especially those referred to by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCC513DFE7D3E389F251741" author="Rao" box="[435,572,862,888]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" refString="Rao, Y. R. (1961) Notes on the life-history and habits of Chonocephalus depressus De Meijere (Diptera: Phoridae) in South India, Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (A), 36, 163 - 7." type="journal article" year="1961">Rao (1961)</bibRefCitation>
, are misidentifications (see below).
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCC513DFC243E3899B81741" author="Schmitz" box="[1002,1185,862,888]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" refString="Schmitz, H. (1941) Phoridae, In: Lindner E (ed), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 4 (33) (Lieferung 141), 65 - 128." type="journal article" year="1941">Schmitz (1941)</bibRefCitation>
figured the wing of “
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCC513DFEB33EE19E031799" ID-CoL="5YB4T" authority="Schmitz" authorityName="Schmitz" box="[381,794,902,928]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFEB33EE19FA91799" box="[381,688,903,928]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chonocephalus japonicus</emphasis>
Schmitz
</taxonomicName>
in lit.”. I have remounted his
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCC513DFB5E3EE099EE1799" box="[1168,1271,902,928]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and find it to be
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFE653EC99F5417F1" box="[427,589,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCC513DFE653EC99F5117F1" ID-CoL="5YBD4" box="[427,584,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">C. depressus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
I therefore formally synonymise Schmitzs species with
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCC513DFADE3EC99C6217C9" ID-CoL="5YBD4" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFADE3EC99C6217C9" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. depressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and thereby add this species to the Eastern Palaearctic fauna.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331655CFFCC513CFC4539589F6611C6" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFCC513DFC4539589974110F" blockId="14.[907,1308,1086,1334]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFC4539589944106F" bold="true" box="[907,1117,1086,1110]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURES 17­19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCC513DFBBB39599EEA104F" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCC513DFBBB39599EEA104F" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chonocephalus depressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male, hypopygium: (17) from below, with left gonopod from another angle to left and with anterior process from another angle to right; (18) right gonopod from another angle; (19) left face of hypopygium. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFCD513CFEF63C7A9FEC15BC" blockId="15.[264,1323,284,390]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Four cotype females of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFD9C3C7A9FEE150C" box="[594,759,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ecitophilus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFD9C3C7A9FEE150C" box="[594,759,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. ecitophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
prove to be
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFC403C7A993D150C" box="[910,1060,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFC403C7A993D150C" box="[910,1060,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. depressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the putative male referred to by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFCD513CFE7E3C229E121567" author="Borgmeier" box="[432,779,324,350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" refString="Borgmeier T. &amp; Schmitz, H. (1923) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Phoriden Brasilens. Deutscher Verein fur Wissenschaft und Kunst in Sao Paulo 3, 127 - 48 (1922)." type="journal article" year="1923">Borgmeier &amp; Schmitz (1923)</bibRefCitation>
is also
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFCAA3C2299181564" box="[868,1025,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFCAA3C229EE41564" box="[868,1021,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">C. depressus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
I therefore formally synonymise
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFEBD3C0A9F0F15BC" box="[371,534,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ecitophilus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFEBD3C0A9F0F15BC" box="[371,534,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. ecitophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFD963C0A9FEC15BC" box="[600,757,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFD963C0A9FE815BC" box="[600,753,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">C. depressus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF54665FFFCD513CFDA13C8F9FD11679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155994/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[276,579,504,1181]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFCD513CFDA13C8F9FD11679" blockId="15.[623,1307,489,576]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFDA13C8F9E1F1638" bold="true" box="[623,774,489,513]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 36:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFCDD3C8F99341639" box="[787,1069,489,512]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFCDD3C8F99341639" box="[787,1069,489,512]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chonocephalus depressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female, tergite 8 (to right) and sternite 8, furca (f) and spermatheca (s) Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFCD513CFEF639909F6611C6" blockId="15.[264,1324,1270,1536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
I have remounted the male
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCD513CFD5E39909E1B1129" box="[656,770,1270,1296]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFCFD39909ED61136" box="[819,975,1270,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidulus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFCFD39909ED61136" box="[819,975,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. pallidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFBDC399099BB1136" box="[1042,1186,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFBDC399099861136" box="[1042,1183,1270,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simiolus">C. simiolus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Both have proved to be
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFE6538789F52110E" box="[427,587,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFE6538789F5E110E" box="[427,583,1310,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">C. depressus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
I thus formally propose the synonymy of both these species with
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFE8D38209CC61166" box="[323,479,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFE8D38209CC21166" box="[323,475,1350,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">C. depressus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The female allotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFD3B38209E951166" box="[757,908,1350,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidulus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFD3B38209E951166" box="[757,908,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. pallidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been remounted. It proved to be
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFE9D38089E0911B1" authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" box="[339,784,1390,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Puliciphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borinquenensis">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFE9D38089F8611BE" box="[339,671,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Puliciphora borinquenensis</emphasis>
Wheeler
</taxonomicName>
, but with its antial bristles greatly reduced. These specimens were reported from bread fruit. A female in the USNM from Hawaii (Lanikai Oahu,
<date id="FF951017FFCD513CFE0B38D89F7C11E1" box="[453,613,1470,1496]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1945-09-30">30 Sep. 1945</date>
, W. W. Wirth) is labelled
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFC6E38D8983E11E1" authority="Beyer" authorityName="Beyer" box="[928,1319,1470,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidulus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFC6E38D899CC11EE" box="[928,1237,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chonocephalus pallidulus</emphasis>
Beyer
</taxonomicName>
, but it proves to be
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFE2D38809F6611C6" box="[483,639,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFE2D38809F6211C6" box="[483,635,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">C. depressus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331655CFFCD5123FEC63B509F7F1723" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFCD513CFEC63B509C761276" blockId="15.[264,1324,1590,1896]" box="[264,367,1590,1615]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFEC63B509C761276" box="[264,367,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFCD5123FEF63B389CCA1597" blockId="15.[264,1324,1590,1896]" lastBlockId="16.[264,1323,283,430]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<specimenCount id="9D2DFD5EFFCD513CFEF63B389CBB1241" box="[312,418,1630,1656]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">4 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCD513CFE633B389F0D1241" box="[429,532,1630,1656]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
and 1 putative male of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFC8C3B389EF0124E" box="[834,1001,1630,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ecitophilus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFC8C3B389EF0124E" box="[834,1001,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. ecitophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C7647FFCD513CFC323B3B9951124E" box="[1020,1096,1629,1655]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFC323B3B9951124E" bold="true" box="[1020,1096,1629,1655]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Brazil</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
, Blumenau (Santa Catarina),
<date id="FF951017FFCD513CFE473BE09F5E1299" box="[393,583,1670,1696]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1922-03-16">16 March 1922</date>
(MKB ­ 27­134).
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCD513CFCFB3BE09EBB1299" box="[821,930,1670,1696]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFBD73BE099AC12A6" box="[1049,1205,1670,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidulus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFBD73BE099AC12A6" box="[1049,1205,1670,1695]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. pallidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFB043BE3983D12A6" bold="true" box="[1226,1316,1669,1695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hawaii</emphasis>
, Oahu, Honolulu (
<collectionCode id="ED3AAE12FFCD513CFE1D3BC89F3F12F1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[467,550,1710,1736]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM</collectionCode>
­ 8­138);
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCD513CFD553BC89E1812F1" box="[667,769,1710,1736]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFCA93BC8996212F1" authority="Oahu, Ewa" authorityName="Oahu, Ewa" box="[871,1147,1710,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simiolus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFCA93BC89EF212FE" box="[871,1003,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. simiolus</emphasis>
, Oahu, Ewa
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED3AAE12FFCD513CFB443BC899FB12F1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1162,1250,1710,1736]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM</collectionCode>
).
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCD513CFB3B3BC89C4812C9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
female, 4
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCD513CFE1B3BB09F6A12C9" box="[469,627,1750,1776]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
females,
<collectingCountry id="F33C7647FFCD513CFD273BB39E7A12D6" box="[745,867,1749,1775]" name="Indonesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFD273BB39E7A12D6" bold="true" box="[745,867,1749,1775]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Indonesia</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
,Sumatra, Medan, de Bussy (
<collectionCode id="ED3AAE12FFCD513CFB713BB0980112C9" box="[1215,1304,1750,1776]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c09s-jk3y" name="Zoological Museum, University of Athens" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMUA</collectionCode>
­ 29­66).
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCD513CFEA43B989CCE1321" box="[362,471,1790,1816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFCD513CFD803B989FF1132E" box="[590,744,1790,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFD803B989FF1132E" box="[590,744,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C7647FFCD513CFD323B9B9E51132E" box="[764,840,1789,1815]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFD323B9B9E51132E" bold="true" box="[764,840,1789,1815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
, Tokyo (MKB ­
<typeStatus id="54908875FFCD513CFBDA3B9899491321" box="[1044,1104,1790,1816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
385 ­ 27­121).
<specimenCount id="9D2DFD5EFFCD513CFAD23B989C561379" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C7647FFCD513CFE923A439CBE1306" box="[348,423,1829,1855]" name="Malta" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFCD513CFE923A439CBE1306" bold="true" box="[348,423,1829,1855]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Malta</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
, Xaghra,
<date id="FF951017FFCD513CFDD23A409FE61379" box="[540,767,1830,1856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1994-12-10">10 December 1994</date>
,
<date id="FF951017FFCD513CFCC33A409EF81379" box="[781,993,1830,1856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1999-12-04">4 December 1999</date>
, on chicken meal and farmyard manure, P. Gatt (Gatt Coll.,
<collectionCode id="ED3AAE12FFCD513CFD5A3A289FF01351" box="[660,745,1870,1896]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/da58-p0xp" name="Chulalongkorn University Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CUMZ</collectionCode>
­ 22­75);
<specimenCount id="9D2DFD5EFFCD513CFCAD3A289EDB1351" box="[867,962,1870,1896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2DFD5EFFCD513CFC013A28994A1351" box="[975,1107,1870,1896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
, Rabat,
<date id="FF951017FFCD5123FB7B3A289C5C150F" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2001-10-07">7 October 2001</date>
, on rotting plant stem, P. Gatt (Gatt Coll.,
<collectionCode id="ED3AAE12FFD25123FC863C7A9E84150F" box="[840,925,284,310]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/da58-p0xp" name="Chulalongkorn University Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CUMZ</collectionCode>
­ 22­75).
<specimenCount id="9D2DFD5EFFD25123FBD63C7A9975150F" box="[1048,1132,284,310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2DFD5EFFD25123FBB43C7A99F4150F" box="[1146,1261,284,310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F33C7647FFD25123FB3B3C7D9C421564" name="Seychelles" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFD25123FB3B3C7D9C421564" bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Seychelles</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C7647FFD25123FEA03C229CAD1567" box="[366,436,324,350]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mahé</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FF951017FFD25123FE0D3C229F5A1567" box="[451,579,324,350]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1908" valueMax="1909">1908­1909</date>
(Collin ­ 103, 120, misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFD25123FBC93C2299601564" box="[1031,1145,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFD25123FBC93C2299601564" box="[1031,1145,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (male
<quantity id="4CD39B32FFD25123FB133C2298321567" box="[1245,1323,324,350]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="120.0">120 in</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED3AAE12FFD25123FEC63C0A9C5515BF" box="[264,332,364,390]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/asxa-80fx" name="University Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">UMO</collectionCode>
­ 8­140, females
<quantity id="4CD39B32FFD25123FDD43C0A9F7C15BF" box="[538,613,364,390]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6162" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="103.0">103 in</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED3AAE12FFD25123FDA53C0A9FD915BF" box="[619,704,364,390]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/da58-p0xp" name="Chulalongkorn University Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CUMZ</collectionCode>
­ 8­121). As yet unrecorded for the Australasian and Nearctic Regions
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFD25123FEC63C819CA21639" blockId="16.[264,1323,487,794]" box="[264,443,487,512]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFD25123FEC63C819CA21639" box="[264,443,487,512]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Natural history</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9436D7FFD25123FEF63F699F7F1723" blockId="16.[264,1323,487,794]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The original
<typeStatus id="54908875FFD25123FE1C3F699F1C1610" box="[466,517,527,553]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
series was reared from a rotting caterpillar of
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFD25123FBE03F6999B81611" box="[1070,1185,527,552]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFD25123FBE03F6999871611" box="[1070,1182,527,552]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Prodenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prodenia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A series of females caught on the edible paddy straw mushrooms
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFD25123FC473F51998F1668" box="[905,1174,567,593]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFD25123FC473F5199131669" box="[905,1034,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Volvariella</emphasis>
(Plutaceae)
</taxonomicName>
were probably ovipositing on over ripe sporophores (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFD25123FCC33F399EA81640" author="Disney" box="[781,945,607,633]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35" refString="Disney, R. H. L. (1994) Scuttle Flies: The Phoridae (Chapman and Hall, London), xii + 467 pp." type="book" year="1994">Disney, 1994</bibRefCitation>
). A female caught on turmeric (
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFD25123FEDC3FE19CCF1699" box="[274,470,647,672]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Curcuma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFD25123FEDC3FE19CCF1699" box="[274,470,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Curcuma longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFD25123FDD13FE19FDE1698" box="[543,711,647,673]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zingiberaceae</taxonomicName>
) infested with larval
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFD25123FC3A3FE19C6C16F0" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Dichocrocis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctiferalis">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFD25123FC3A3FE198321699" box="[1012,1323,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dichocrocis punctiferalis</emphasis>
(Guenée)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFD25123FE4A3FC99F0F16F0" box="[388,534,687,713]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFD25123FDED3FC99F8D16F0" box="[547,660,687,713]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
) in
<collectingCountry id="F33C7647FFD25123FD0F3FC99FE416F0" box="[705,765,687,713]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">India</collectingCountry>
was possibly attracted to diseased or moribund caterpillars. It has also been reared from bread fruit (
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFD25123FC493FB1994E16C9" box="[903,1111,727,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Artocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altilis">
<emphasis id="B95FEAC5FFD25123FC493FB1994E16C9" box="[903,1111,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Artocarpus altilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Z.) Frost,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B4D54FFD25123FB2C3FB19C271723" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA4B26FFD25123FE9B3E669F401723" author="Hardy" box="[341,601,768,794]" pageId="16" pageNumber="35" refString="Hardy, D. E. &amp; Beyer, E. M. (1964) Family Phoridae, In: Zimmerman EC (ed.) Insects of Hawaii. Volume 11, Honolulu, 262 - 302." type="journal article" year="1964">Hardy &amp; Beyer, 1964</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>