190 lines
19 KiB
XML
190 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6678191" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6678191" approvalRequired="25" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="22" approvalRequired_for_treatments="3" checkinTime="1655746672033" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="0380B547B64FFF9F9AACF349F890CACA" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Talpidae_0552.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Talpa stankovici V. Martino & E. Martino 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="611" masterDocId="FFB9CD3FB65FFF8F9A30FF87FF98C371" masterDocTitle="Talpidae" masterLastPageNumber="619" masterPageNumber="52" pageNumber="611" updateTime="1657801303010" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Talpidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>52</mods:start>
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<mods:end>619</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6678191</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6678191</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6671966" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6671966" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380B547B64FFF9F9AACF349F890CACA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380B547B64FFF9F9AACF349F890CACA" lastPageNumber="611" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<heading pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<subSubSection box="[156,212,3278,3320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[153,1039,3278,3398]" box="[156,212,3278,3320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<figureCitation box="[156,212,3278,3320]" captionStart="Plate 27: Talpidae" captionStartId="14.[140,170,3248,3273]" captionTargetBox="[11,2748,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="22. Altai Mole (Talpa altaica), 23. Pere David’s Mole (Talpa davidiana), 24. Talysch Mole (Talpa talyschensis), 25. Ognev’s Mole (Talpa ognevi), 26. Caucasian Mole (Talpa caucasica), 27. Levant Mole (Talpa levantis), 28. Balkan Mole (Talpa stankovici), 29. Blind Mole (Talpa caeca), 30. Roman Mole (Talpa romana), 31. Iberian Mole (Talpa occidentalis), 32. European Mole (Talpa europaea), 33. Aquitanian Mole (Talpa aquitania), 34. Japanese Mountain Mole (Oreoscaptor mizura), 35. Ussuri Mole (Mogera robusta), 36. Large Japanese Mole (Mogera wogura), 37. Small Japanese Mole (Mogera imaizumii), 38. Sado Mole (Mogera tokudae), 39. Echigo Mole (Mogera etigo), 40. Senkaku Mole (Mogera uchidai), 41. Insular Mole (Mogera insularis), 42. Kano’s Mole (Mogera kanoana), 43. La Touche’s Mole (Mogera latoucher), 44. Himalayan Mole (Ewroscaptor micrurus), 45. Greater Chinese Mole (Euroscaptor grandis), 46. Long-nosed Mole (Euroscaptor longurostris), 47. Kloss’s Mole (Euroscaptor klosst), 48. Kuznetsov’s Mole (Euroscaptor kuznetsovi), 49. Orlov’s Mole (Euroscaptor orlovi), 50. Vietnamese Mole (Euroscaptor subanura), 51. Small-toothed Mole (Euroscaptor parvidens), 52. Malaysian Mole (Euroscaptor malayanus), 53. White-tailed Mole (Parascaptor lewcurus), 54. Short-faced Mole (Scaptochirus moschatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6678253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6678253/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">28.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[230,491,3278,3320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[153,1039,3278,3398]" box="[230,491,3278,3320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<vernacularName box="[230,491,3278,3320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Balkan Mole</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[548,855,3278,3320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[153,1039,3278,3398]" box="[548,855,3278,3320]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="V. Martino & E. Martino" authorityYear="1931" box="[548,855,3278,3320]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stankovici">
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<emphasis box="[548,855,3278,3320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Talpa stankovici</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[153,1039,3278,3398]" box="[155,1038,3337,3358]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[155,230,3337,3358]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[235,422,3337,3358]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Taupe des Balkans</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[442,533,3337,3358]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[543,710,3337,3358]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Balkan-Maulwurf</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[731,822,3337,3358]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[828,1038,3337,3358]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Topo de los Balcanes</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[153,1039,3278,3398]" box="[154,589,3377,3398]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[154,401,3377,3398]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[411,589,3377,3398]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Stankovich's Mole</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[154,1119,3451,3476]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[152,1356,3450,3485]" box="[154,1119,3451,3476]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[154,309,3451,3476]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="V. Martino & E. Martino, 1931" authorityName="V. Martino & E. Martino" authorityYear="1931" box="[329,1114,3451,3476]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="romana" subSpecies="stankovici">Talpa romana stankovici V. Martino & E. Martino, 1931</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[152,1356,3450,3485]" lastBlockId="16.[2038,2633,293,716]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<materialsCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="611">“Magarevo Mts. [= Magarevo], Perister [= Pelister Mts], S. Serbia (Macedonia) [= Republic of Macedonia]. Alt. 1000 m.”</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[2038,2633,293,716]" lastBlockId="16.[1426,2634,723,2491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="V. Martino & E. Martino" authorityYear="1931" box="[2042,2254,407,440]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stankovici">Talpa stankovici</taxonomicName>
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is in subgenus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2493,2564,407,440]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Talpa</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2040,2151,451,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="europaea">europaea</taxonomicName>
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species group. Tlalpa
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<taxonomicName authorityName="V. Martino & E. Martino" authorityYear="1931" box="[2505,2633,451,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stankovici">stankovici</taxonomicName>
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was described as a subspecies of 1.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" box="[2534,2631,486,519]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romana">romana</taxonomicName>
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and occasionally is still treated that way. Although both species have a wide rostrum and robust molars, they are not closely related. Relationships between 7. stankovic and other species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2434,2504,683,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Talpa</taxonomicName>
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are not known with certainty; however, 7.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="V. Martino & E. Martino" authorityYear="1931" box="[1924,2051,723,756]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stankovici">stankovici</taxonomicName>
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might either hold a sister position with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[1430,1562,762,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="levantis">T. levantis</taxonomicName>
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or a basal position in a lineage of European species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2344,2415,762,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Talpa</taxonomicName>
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. Two divergent phylogeographic lineages were reported from southern Greece, one from northern Peloponnese Peninsula and the other from Gravia (Phocis). These lineages do not have taxonomic names, and their geographical differences were not ascertained. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption inLine="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" targetBox="[1796,1800,2466,2491]" targetPageId="16">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[1426,2634,723,2491]" box="[1427,1827,960,993]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1427,1827,960,993]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[1426,2634,723,2491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<taxonomicName authority="V. Martino & E. Martino, 1931" authorityName="V. Martino & E. Martino" authorityYear="1931" box="[1431,2040,999,1032]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="stankovici" subSpecies="stankovici">T:s.stankoviciV.Martino&E.Martino,1931—WMacedoniaandadjacentNWGreeceMts.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="16.[1426,2634,723,2491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<taxonomicName authority="Krystufek, 1994" authorityName="Krystufek" authorityYear="1994" box="[1431,1887,1077,1110]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="stankovici" subSpecies="montenegrina">T. s. montenegrina Krystufek, 1994</taxonomicName>
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— restricted to coastal lowlands of S Montenegro and adjacent Albania. Also present in C & S Albania and W Greece as far S as N Peloponnese, also on Corfu I in the Ionian Sea, but subspecies involved not known.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[1426,2634,723,2491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1427,1674,1235,1268]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 123-143 mm (males) and 121-129 mm (females), tail 29-42 mm (males) and 26-5-36 mm (females), hindfoot 17-1-19-3 mm (males) and 16-7-18-3 mm (females); weight 61-96 g (males) and 48-69 g (females); measurements of individuals from western Macedonia. Males average 20% heavier than females. Balkan Moles from hilly and mountainous landscape ofwestern Macedonia show little variability among populations, but those from coastal region of Montenegro are decidedly smaller (weight 35-51 g). The fur and tail are blackish, and feet are gray. Eyes are covered by skin. Pelvis is cecoidal. Sesamoidal os falciforme in front paw is less bowed in the Balkan Mole than in the Blind Mole (7.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Savi" authorityYear="1822" box="[1896,1960,1555,1584]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caeca">caeca</taxonomicName>
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) and the European Mole (1.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2385,2500,1555,1584]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="europaea">europaea</taxonomicName>
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). Skull of the Balkan Mole has broad rostrum, and molars are large. Maxillary tooth row equals to 38:5—43-4% of condylo-basal length vs. less than 38:6% in the European Mole. Dental formulais 13/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 3/3 (x2) = 44. Incidences of oligodonties were not reported. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 34, FN = 66, and FNa = 62.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[1426,2634,723,2491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1427,1538,1747,1780]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Farmland, pastures, alpine meadows, road banks, sandy dunes, and woodlands of hardwood and conifers from close to sea level to elevations of¢.2300 m. Balkan Moles dig in hard soil in pastures of mat grass (
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<taxonomicName box="[2110,2207,1830,1859]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Nardus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nardus</taxonomicName>
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stricta,
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<taxonomicName box="[2312,2427,1830,1859]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and through dense roots of European blueberry (
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<taxonomicName box="[1945,2082,1865,1898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vaccinium</taxonomicName>
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myrtillus,
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<taxonomicName box="[2220,2361,1865,1898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
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). The Balkan Mole is broadly sympatric with Blind Mole, but the two are only exceptionally encountered on the same spot. The larger Balkan Mole is more common and abundant than the smaller Blind Mole. Co-occurrence with the European Mole is very exceptional.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[1426,2634,723,2491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1428,1694,2028,2057]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Macroscopic examination of stomachs of Balkan Moles detected earthworms.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[1426,2634,723,2491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1428,1562,2102,2135]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Young Balkan Moles are supposedly born in February and early March, and a lactating female was captured in late April. Numbers of embryos are 2—4/female. Young weighing 30 g can move through galleries.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[1426,2634,723,2491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1426,1663,2220,2253]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Balkan Mole burrows like other species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2357,2427,2220,2253]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Talpa</taxonomicName>
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and excavates soil in characteristic molehills.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1428,2367,2299,2332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[1426,2634,723,2491]" box="[1428,2367,2299,2332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1428,2128,2299,2332]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1428,2478,2343,2372]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[1426,2634,723,2491]" box="[1428,2478,2343,2372]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1428,1777,2343,2372]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="611" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[1426,2634,723,2491]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1429,1582,2387,2412]" pageId="16" pageNumber="611">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Bannikova, Zemlemerova, Colangelo et al. (2015), Bego et al. (2008), Colangelo et al. (2010), Krystufek (1987 1994, 1999c), Niethammer (1990c), Petrov (1992), Soldatovi¢ et al. (1986), Todorovi¢ et al. (1972), Tryfonopoulos et al. (2010).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |