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<document id="DBFDFDE10C90AF8A741686ACE465C25A" ID-DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.730.1197" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d640faf0-b3db-4fad-baaf-9eeaef7350e4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4418973" ID-ZooBank="857A9432-9083-46B3-B0BF-B34D619EB350" checkinTime="1609836157183" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sørensen, Martin V., Goetz, Freya E., Herranz, María, Chang, Cheon Young, Chatterjee, Tapas, Durucan, Furkan, Neves, Ricardo C., Yildiz, N. Özlem, Norenburg, Jon &amp; Yamasaki, Hiroshi" docDate="2020" docId="03C79270FFE75756B1F2F9631E75FADD" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-730_1-101.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 730" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Echinoderes sp. Dujardinii Claparede 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="FFFEEA08FFAF571CB348FFDF1A73FF96" masterDocTitle="Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1686331615686" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="9081400E99A7CE5B016C9B21C4240F0F">Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2E71DCBBCDE1A7C68CDBD31864A83EEF">Sørensen, Martin V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8CC123C8C638150EE8252403D2C7FC33">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA. Department of Biological Science, College of Natural and Life Sciences, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea. Crescent International School, Bario, Govindpur, Dhanbad 828109, Jharkhand, India. Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Department of Aquaculture, 32260 Isparta, Turkey. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Silifke Vocational School Aquaculture Program, Mersin University, 33940 Mersin, Turkey. Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819 - 0395, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4B19562D87AD2E41EE17356DC4FCAA41">Goetz, Freya E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0CD93D41EC8DCC0BBAFCCF28BEC06942">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="EDD82D7AA01998E40318DD2F9684FE6C">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA. Department of Biological Science, College of Natural and Life Sciences, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea. Crescent International School, Bario, Govindpur, Dhanbad 828109, Jharkhand, India. Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Department of Aquaculture, 32260 Isparta, Turkey. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Silifke Vocational School Aquaculture Program, Mersin University, 33940 Mersin, Turkey. Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819 - 0395, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="24ED012EDF6D16561AA90ECC94F8903A">Department of Biological Science, College of Natural and Life Sciences, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0EE9A532D7CC07E48FA312D940A6E166">Chatterjee, Tapas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5695743CB44248BFD361935EF743B762">Crescent International School, Bario, Govindpur, Dhanbad 828109, Jharkhand, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0F46D8DBF3D8C567D2F70EA0CCB8F3FD">Durucan, Furkan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0C66072C318A04D99C7DE8827305FCBF">Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Department of Aquaculture, 32260 Isparta, Turkey.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="63DE79A57EB715EF1FAB4EF0C157D21C">Neves, Ricardo C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="81C9C6FF527CCB70CDF5CA8016D01D7A">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="445401100E08AECEA1166D7471A2B354" type="email">ricardon.6@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BB47435E2592AB3D02784551442B361D">Yildiz, N. Özlem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CDB0162628EC252962F2EAA7DA012FF5">Silifke Vocational School Aquaculture Program, Mersin University, 33940 Mersin, Turkey.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B1239DAA1E789C10DD50404113C4ABCF" type="email">nozlemkoroglu@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DB2F0CFD17F7335CA6E902986E486ABC">Norenburg, Jon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4FB5008D837956E551A6D00E3F64D34D">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EFCC7736C20AA28E5590197B060C7254">Yamasaki, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B56F0AB3168AE3A6548CE9C9E6247F1F">Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819 - 0395, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CA0D4AF4FE6888DBA951CF7974BF0EDF">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E9869434A120A090300A00F47FEFF6E2">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D324A36D077A7C32F760B8E63E912B11">730</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="429FE0E304EE1DD6E1F493E2C0094DF9" type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.730.1197</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C79270FFE75756B1F2F9631E75FADD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419055" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176434260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4419055" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C79270FFE75756B1F2F9631E75FADD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C79270FFE75756B1F2F9631E75FADD" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<subSubSection id="C37470EDFFE75754B1F2F9631909F941" box="[698,890,1724,1751]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D099940AFFE75754B1F2F9631909F941" box="[698,890,1724,1751]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E58E5FFE75754B1F2F9631909F941" authorityName="Dujardinii Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[698,890,1724,1751]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="sp.">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE75754B1F2F9631921F941" bold="true" box="[698,850,1724,1751]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Echinoderes</emphasis>
sp.
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<subSubSection id="C37470EDFFE75754B1FEF900190EF96C" box="[694,893,1759,1786]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD12366FFE75754B1FEF900190EF96C" blockId="72.[694,893,1724,1786]" box="[694,893,1759,1786]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<figureCitation id="13553FE3FFE75754B1FEF900197EF96C" box="[694,781,1759,1786]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[190,233,1784,1810]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,362,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-11@75.[190,1399,357,1714]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 25. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes sp. from Havelock Island, Andaman Islands. A–C, F–G. ♂ (USNM-55398). D–E. ♀ (USNM-55393). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 9 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4419049/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6EC16DDFFE75754B050F900190EF96C" box="[792,893,1759,1786]" captionStart="Table 19" captionStartId="73.[189,258,266,292]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Table 19. Measurements from light microscopy for Echinoderes sp. from Havelock Island, Andaman Islands (in µm), including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD)." pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Table 19</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E0448FFE75754B3F5F8FE1860F8C9" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E58E5FFE75754B3F5F8FE1BAAF8AD" baseAuthorityName="Higgins &amp; Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[189,473,1825,1851]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="ehlersi">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE75754B3F5F8FE1B3CF8AD" box="[189,335,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Echinoderes</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE75754B2C1F8FE1BAAF8AD" box="[393,473,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ehlersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF0577FFE75754B14BF8FE1919F8AD" author="Higgins R. P. &amp; Rao G. C." box="[515,874,1825,1852]" page="79" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF5E97FFE75754B14BF8FE1919F8AD" author="Higgins R. P. &amp; Rao G. C." box="[515,874,1825,1852]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="75 - 85" refId="ref56325" refString="Higgins R. P. &amp; Rao G. C. 1979. Kinorhynchs from the Andaman Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 67: 75 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1979. tb 01106. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Higgins &amp; Rao 1979: 79–83</bibRefCitation>
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(specimens USNM-55393, USNM-55396, USNM-55398 to 55400).
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE65755B3F5FED51B43FEB5" bold="true" box="[189,304,265,292]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Table 19.</emphasis>
Measurements from light microscopy for
<taxonomicName id="4C6E58E5FFE65755B066FED519B3FEB2" authorityName="Dujardinii Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[814,960,266,292]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE65755B066FED519B3FEB2" box="[814,960,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Echinoderes</emphasis>
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sp. from Havelock Island, Andaman Islands (in µm), including number of measured specimens (
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE65755B031FEF119FBFED1" box="[889,904,302,327]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">n</emphasis>
) and standard deviation (SD).
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</caption>
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<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE65755B2BFFE4E1826FE32" bold="true" box="[503,597,401,420]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Character</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE65755B1BAFE4D195FFE33" bold="true" box="[754,812,402,421]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Range</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B0C9FE4E19CAFE33" box="[897,953,401,421]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE65755B0CBFE4D19C4FE33" bold="true" box="[899,951,402,421]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Mean</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B0BBFE4E1E59FE33" box="[1011,1066,401,421]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE65755B749FE4E1E6FFE32" bold="true" box="[1025,1052,401,420]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">SD</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355E2124FFE6A8E3B2BFFE2F1E59FB30" box="[503,1066,496,1190]" gridrow="1" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<th id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B2BFFE2F1829FB30" box="[503,602,496,1190]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">TL MSW-8 MSW-8/TL SW-10 SW-10/TL S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11</th>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B1D0FE2F18D7FB30" box="[664,676,496,1190]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B194FE2F1930FB30" box="[732,835,496,1190]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">280–321 64–71 21.0–23.2% 59–67 19.0–21.8% 29–32 29–31 30–32 32–37 33–38 34–39 39–41 41–48 43–48 41–46 37–42</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B0C9FE2F19CAFB30" box="[897,953,496,1190]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">299 66 22.1% 62 20.6% 31 30 30 34 36 37 40 43 45 44 41</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B0BBFE2F1E59FB30" box="[1011,1066,496,1190]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">17.17 2.83 0.83% 3.13% 1.09% 1.41 0.89 0.89 2.35 2.28 2.07 1.00 2.86 1.87 1.87 2.68</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E2124FFE6A8E3B2BFFB331E59FA25" box="[503,1066,1260,1459]" gridrow="2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<th id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B2BFFB331829FA25" box="[503,602,1260,1459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">MD4 (ac) MD5 (ac) MD6 (ac) MD7 (ac) MD8 (ac)</th>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B1D0FB3318D7FA25" box="[664,676,1260,1459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">4 4 4 4 5</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B194FB331930FA25" box="[732,835,1260,1459]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">14–15 15–19 19–25 23–30 40–48</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B0C9FB3319CAFA25" box="[897,953,1260,1459]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">15 17 22 25 44</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B0BBFB331E59FA25" box="[1011,1066,1260,1459]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">0.58 1.71 2.65 3.20 3.77</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E2124FFE6A8E3B2BFFA251E59F88D" box="[503,1066,1530,1819]" gridrow="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<th id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B2BFFA251829F88D" box="[503,602,1530,1819]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">LV2 (tu) LV5 (tu) LV6 (ac) LV7 (ac) LV8 (ac) LV9 (ac) LD10(tu)</th>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B1D0FA2518D7F88D" box="[664,676,1530,1819]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">3 5 5 5 5 5 5</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B194FA251930F88D" box="[732,835,1530,1819]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">23–25 17–23 15–18 17–23 22–26 25–29 20–28</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B0C9FA2519CAF88D" box="[897,953,1530,1819]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">24 20 17 19 24 26 23</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B0BBFA251E59F88D" box="[1011,1066,1530,1819]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">1.15 2.19 1.34 2.51 1.48 1.67 3.13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E2124FFE6A8E3B2BFF8BE1E59F834" box="[503,1066,1889,1954]" gridrow="4" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<th id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B2BFF8BE1829F834" box="[503,602,1889,1954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">LTS LTS/TL</th>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B1D0F8BE18D7F834" box="[664,676,1889,1954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">5 5</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B194F8BE1930F834" box="[732,835,1889,1954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">161–180 53.7–63.9%</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B0C9F8BE19CAF834" box="[897,953,1889,1954]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">173 58.0%</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B0BBF8BE1E59F834" box="[1011,1066,1889,1954]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">7.56 5.00%</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E2124FFE6A8E3B2BFF8631E59F859" box="[503,1066,1980,1999]" gridrow="5" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<th id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B2BFF8631829F859" box="[503,602,1980,1999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">LTAS</th>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B1D0F86318D7F859" box="[664,676,1980,1999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">1</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B194F8631930F859" box="[732,835,1980,1999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">48</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B0C9F86319CAF859" box="[897,953,1980,1999]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">–</td>
<td id="768F4858FFE6A8E3B0BBF8631E59F859" box="[1011,1066,1980,1999]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">–</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C37470EDFFE55756B3F5FED7198FFE01" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD12366FFE55756B3F5FED71BD9FEB4" blockId="74.[189,426,264,290]" box="[189,426,264,290]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<heading id="D099940AFFE55756B3F5FED71BD9FEB4" bold="true" box="[189,426,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B3F5FED71BD9FEB4" bold="true" box="[189,426,264,290]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD12366FFE55756B3F5FEE8198FFE01" blockId="74.[189,1399,309,408]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<materialsCitation id="3B06293BFFE55756B3F5FEE8198BFE01" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3009108310" collectingDate="1974-04-05" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="G. C. Rao" country="India" county="East Point" elevation="1" latitude="11.9" location="Andaman Islands" longLatPrecision="1294" longitude="93.05" municipality="Havelock Island" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" specimenCode="USNM-55393, 55396, 55398, 55400" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectingCountry id="F37963F6FFE55756B3F5FEE81B7DFEC7" box="[189,270,311,337]" name="India" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">INDIA</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D68E8EFFFE55756B261FEE81B26FEC4" box="[297,341,311,338]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D68E8EFFFE55756B22DFEE81BD6FEC2" box="[357,421,311,340]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8EB175BDFFE55756B2FEFEE818F5FEC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C79270FFE75756B1F2F9631E75FADD:8EB175BDFFE55756B2FEFEE818F5FEC7" box="[438,646,311,337]" country="India" county="East Point" latitude="11.9" longLatPrecision="1294" longitude="93.05" municipality="Havelock Island" name="Andaman Islands" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Andaman Islands</location>
,
<location id="8EB175BDFFE55756B1DAFEE81925FEC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C79270FFE75756B1F2F9631E75FADD:8EB175BDFFE55756B1DAFEE81925FEC7" box="[658,854,311,337]" country="India" county="East Point" latitude="11.9" longLatPrecision="1294" longitude="93.05" municipality="Havelock Island" name="Havelock Island" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Havelock Island</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A633A44FFE55756B02AFEE719ADFEC7" box="[866,990,311,338]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">East Point</locationDeviation>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A45A1FFE55756B0A2FEEA1E25FEC4" box="[1002,1110,309,338]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="925" value="11.9">11°54′ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A45A1FFE55756B72BFEEA1EA8FEC4" box="[1123,1243,309,338]" degrees="093" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" precision="925" value="93.05">093°03′ E</geoCoordinate>
; &lt;
<elevation id="0043C455FFE55756B649FEE81F03FEC7" box="[1281,1392,311,338]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="1.0">
<quantity id="4C968E83FFE55756B649FEE81F5DFEC4" box="[1281,1326,311,338]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
b.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<date id="FFD005A6FFE55756B3F5FE851B39FEE2" box="[189,330,346,373]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1974-04-05">
<collectingDate id="EF94FC4EFFE55756B3F5FE851B39FEE2" box="[189,330,346,373]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1974-04-05">5 Apr. 1974</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="269B46B0FFE55756B21FFE851BB6FEE3" box="[343,453,346,373]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">G.C. Rao</collectorName>
leg.; intertidal black mud with macroalgae;
<specimenCode id="DBC88B1DFFE55756B086FE851E0AFEE3" box="[974,1145,346,373]" collectionCode="USNM-" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">USNM-55393</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBC88B1DFFE55756B7CDFE851EA2FEE3" box="[1157,1233,346,373]" collectionCode="USNM-" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">55396</specimenCode>
, and
<specimenCode id="DBC88B1DFFE55756B647FE851F2BFEE3" box="[1295,1368,346,373]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">55398</specimenCode>
to
<specimenCode id="DBC88B1DFFE55756B3F5FEA21B79FE0E" box="[189,266,381,408]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">55400</specimenCode>
. Specimens mounted for LM on Cobb slide in Hoyer’s medium
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37470EDFFE55756B3F5FE601B0DFE6A" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD12366FFE55756B3F5FE601B0DFE6A" blockId="74.[189,1399,447,509]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
The specimens were originally reported as
<taxonomicName id="4C6E58E5FFE55756B1F4FE601E92FE4F" authority="(Higgins &amp; Rao 1979)" baseAuthorityName="Higgins &amp; Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[700,1249,447,473]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="ehlersi">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B1F4FE60193DFE4F" box="[700,846,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Echinoderes</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B033FE6019B8FE4F" box="[891,971,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">ehlersi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF5E97FFE55756B093FE601EABFE4F" author="Higgins R. P. &amp; Rao G. C." box="[987,1240,447,473]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="75 - 85" refId="ref56325" refString="Higgins R. P. &amp; Rao G. C. 1979. Kinorhynchs from the Andaman Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 67: 75 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1979. tb 01106. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Higgins &amp; Rao 1979</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. See
<tableCitation id="C6EC16DDFFE55756B657FE601F04FE4F" box="[1311,1399,447,473]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[189,258,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1 (continued on next page). Species of Echinoderes Claparède, 1863 examined or studied for the present study. Types have kindly been loaned from ICHUM, NHMD, SMBL, SMNH, and USNM." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1173EEFFAB5718B3F5FED61F33FED0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" tableUuid="DF1173EEFFAB5718B3F5FED61F33FED0">Table 1</tableCitation>
for an overview.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37470EDFFE55756B3F5FDFC1B3BFCF4" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD12366FFE55756B3F5FDFC1B3DFDAB" blockId="74.[189,334,547,573]" box="[189,334,547,573]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<heading id="D099940AFFE55756B3F5FDFC1B3DFDAB" bold="true" box="[189,334,547,573]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B3F5FDFC1B3DFDAB" bold="true" box="[189,334,547,573]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD12366FFE55756B3F5FD8D1B3BFCF4" blockId="74.[188,1399,594,866]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
The five specimens were collected together with another five specimens that all together were reported as
<taxonomicName id="4C6E58E5FFE55756B3A8FDAA1B86FD19" baseAuthorityName="Higgins &amp; Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[224,501,629,655]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="ehlersi">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B3A8FDAA1B01FD19" box="[224,370,629,655]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Echinoderes</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B2EDFDAA1B86FD19" box="[421,501,629,655]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">ehlersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF5E97FFE55756B16FFDAA1948FD19" author="Higgins R. P. &amp; Rao G. C." box="[551,827,629,656]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="75 - 85" refId="ref56325" refString="Higgins R. P. &amp; Rao G. C. 1979. Kinorhynchs from the Andaman Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 67: 75 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1979. tb 01106. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Higgins &amp; Rao (1979)</bibRefCitation>
. However, our examinations suggested that the latter five specimens represent a new species. The five specimens, addressed in the following, differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C6E58E5FFE55756B3B4FD63189CFD40" authority="Sorensen &amp; Chatterjee" authorityName="Sorensen &amp; Chatterjee" authorityYear="2020" box="[252,751,700,726]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="chandrasekharai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B3B4FD631B90FD40" box="[252,483,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E. chandrasekharai</emphasis>
Sørensen &amp; Chatterjee
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A229420FFFE55756B1BEFD631923FD40" box="[758,848,700,726]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and as
<taxonomicName id="4C6E58E5FFE55756B0EBFD631E67FD40" baseAuthorityName="Higgins &amp; Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[931,1044,700,726]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="ehlersi">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B0EBFD631E67FD40" box="[931,1044,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E. ehlersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in some significant points, but since the specimens' condition (e.g., the disability to observe sensory spots consistently) did not provide sufficient information for a complete description and specimens for SEM were not available, we will for now only provide a short description of the observed characters without providing a formal species description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37470EDFFE55756B3F5FC551E75FADD" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD12366FFE55756B3F5FC551E75FADD" blockId="74.[188,1400,906,1355]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
The examined specimens resemble species like
<taxonomicName id="4C6E58E5FFE55756B1B4FC541907FC32" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1977" box="[764,884,906,932]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="kozloffi">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B1B4FC541907FC32" box="[764,884,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E. kozloffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E58E5FFE55756B0CDFC541E63FC32" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1974" box="[901,1040,906,932]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B0CDFC541E63FC32" box="[901,1040,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E58E5FFE55756B707FC541E85FC32" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1977" box="[1103,1270,906,932]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="sublicarum">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B707FC541E85FC32" box="[1103,1270,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E. sublicarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in general trunk appearance (
<figureCitation id="13553FE3FFE55756B2D2FC721875FC5E" box="[410,518,941,968]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[190,233,1784,1810]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,362,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-11@75.[190,1399,357,1714]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 25. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes sp. from Havelock Island, Andaman Islands. A–C, F–G. ♂ (USNM-55398). D–E. ♀ (USNM-55393). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 9 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4419049/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 25A</figureCitation>
) and dimensions (see
<tableCitation id="C6EC16DDFFE55756B05BFC72190EFC51" box="[787,893,941,967]" captionStart="Table 19" captionStartId="73.[189,258,266,292]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Table 19. Measurements from light microscopy for Echinoderes sp. from Havelock Island, Andaman Islands (in µm), including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD)." pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Table 19</tableCitation>
). The distribution of glandular cell outlets
<typeStatus id="54D59DC4FFE55756B3F7FC0E1A81FC7D" box="[191,242,977,1003]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
1 (
<figureCitation id="13553FE3FFE55756B269FC0F1B09FC7D" box="[289,378,976,1003]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[190,233,1784,1810]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,362,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-11@75.[190,1399,357,1714]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 25. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes sp. from Havelock Island, Andaman Islands. A–C, F–G. ♂ (USNM-55398). D–E. ♀ (USNM-55393). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 9 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4419049/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
B–G) is similar to the distribution in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E58E5FFE55756B005FC0E19A9FC7C" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1974" box="[845,986,976,1002]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B005FC0E19A9FC7C" box="[845,986,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also (see
<tableCitation id="C6EC16DDFFE55756B715FC0F1EC9FC7C" box="[1117,1210,976,1002]" captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="31.[188,257,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Table 8. Summary of nature and location of sensory spots, glandular cell outlets, tubes and spines arranged by series in Echinoderes pacificus Schmidt, 1974. Note that mapping of sensory spots might be incomplete." pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Table 8</tableCitation>
), and so is the distribution of those sensory spots that could be observed. However, the presence or absence of sensory spots could not be confirmed in the following positions: sublateral segment 1, middorsal segment 2, midlateral segment 4 and segment 9. The spine/tube pattern and the approximate dimensions are similar with those of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E58E5FFE55756B22CFB811BA9FBE1" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1977" box="[356,474,1117,1143]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="kozloffi">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B22CFB811BA9FBE1" box="[356,474,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E. kozloffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e., the middorsal spine on segment 8 reaches to a point around the midline of segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="13553FE3FFE55756B238FB5F1872FB0D" box="[368,513,1152,1179]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[190,233,1784,1810]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,362,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-11@75.[190,1399,357,1714]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 25. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes sp. from Havelock Island, Andaman Islands. A–C, F–G. ♂ (USNM-55398). D–E. ♀ (USNM-55393). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 9 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4419049/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 25D, F</figureCitation>
), but never onto segment 10. Glandular cell outlets
<typeStatus id="54D59DC4FFE55756B736FB5E1EC2FB0D" box="[1150,1201,1153,1179]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">type</typeStatus>
2 are present in midlateral positions, but only on segment 8 (
<figureCitation id="13553FE3FFE55756B1A8FB7C193EFB28" box="[736,845,1187,1214]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[190,233,1784,1810]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,362,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-11@75.[190,1399,357,1714]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 25. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes sp. from Havelock Island, Andaman Islands. A–C, F–G. ♂ (USNM-55398). D–E. ♀ (USNM-55393). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 9 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4419049/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 25F</figureCitation>
). Female papillae are present in ventromedial positions on segments 7 (more lateral) and 8 (more medial) (
<figureCitation id="13553FE3FFE55756B035FB181994FB77" box="[893,999,1222,1249]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[190,233,1784,1810]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,362,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-11@75.[190,1399,357,1714]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 25. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes sp. from Havelock Island, Andaman Islands. A–C, F–G. ♂ (USNM-55398). D–E. ♀ (USNM-55393). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 9 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4419049/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 25E</figureCitation>
). The substructures of the papillae on segment 7 are crescentic with a small protuberance in the curved parts of the structures, whereas the substructures on segment 8 form narrow tubes (
<figureCitation id="13553FE3FFE55756B1B2FAD21915FABE" box="[762,870,1293,1320]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[190,233,1784,1810]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,362,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-11@75.[190,1399,357,1714]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 25. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes sp. from Havelock Island, Andaman Islands. A–C, F–G. ♂ (USNM-55398). D–E. ♀ (USNM-55393). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 9 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4419049/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 25E</figureCitation>
). Tergal extensions of terminal segment and shape of lateral terminal spines resemble those in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E58E5FFE55756B04EFAEE1908FADC" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1977" box="[774,891,1328,1354]" class="Kinorhyncha" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclorhagida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cephalorhyncha" rank="species" species="kozloffi">
<emphasis id="B91AFF74FFE55756B04EFAEE1908FADC" box="[774,891,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E. kozloffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13553FE3FFE55756B0C3FAEF198BFADD" box="[907,1016,1328,1355]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="75.[190,233,1784,1810]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,362,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-11@75.[190,1399,357,1714]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="Fig. 25. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes sp. from Havelock Island, Andaman Islands. A–C, F–G. ♂ (USNM-55398). D–E. ♀ (USNM-55393). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 9 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4419049/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 25G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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