186 lines
22 KiB
XML
186 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="B69093308BDCD87E0E09302E08D0C4EE" ID-CLB-Dataset="21963" ID-DOI="10.3853/j.2201-4349.71.2019.1655" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3d4695b9-9b9b-45c4-b8e6-da80ea19575e" ID-ISSN="2201-4349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3838084" ID-ZooBank="42B24AEC-FB7A-4C28-B978-9E956B66DCD4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590072205296" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mcalpine, David K." docDate="2019" docId="03F45C33B726FFD1FF4AF8C16364D1E8" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.71.3.71-85.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 71 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:997BA24B490466A2F99594A367FA147F.3:RecAustMus.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="997BA24B490466A2F99594A367FA147F" docStyleName="RecAustMus.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Paranomina Hendel 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="FFCD244BB727FFD0FFA2F97C6749D454" masterDocTitle="Review of the Species of Paranomina (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1698840657174" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="B1E3E2D5573A2AEADF0B4AA0C2D9DE0D">Review of the Species of Paranomina (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8A6326C052CD9F9E4E932C8DF27EB8F8">Mcalpine, David K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="62AD775BB98BEE62908508176B1AAEE0">Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="120A5338442E2A9D993DDEE6388E39B5">
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<mods:date id="BEA5BA93EB3528BDFDEB03B89604AF09">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BCC1D2396904F769C4BF605C999FCBF0">71</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F45C33B726FFD1FF4AF8C16364D1E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3852386" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164246142" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3852386" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F45C33B726FFD1FF4AF8C16364D1E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F45C33B726FFD1FF4AF8C16364D1E8" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<subSubSection id="C347BEAEB726FFD1FF4AF8C16534D589" box="[232,637,445,477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE2ED25B726FFD1FF4AF8C16534D589" blockId="1.[232,637,445,477]" box="[232,637,445,477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="D0AA5A49B726FFD1FF4AF8C16534D589" bold="true" box="[232,637,445,477]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FF4AF8C16534D589" bold="true" box="[232,637,445,477]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FEF0F8C16534D589" ID-CoL="63M24" authority="Hendel" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1907" box="[338,637,445,477]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Paranomina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FEF0F8C16540D588" bold="true" box="[338,521,445,476]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Paranomina</emphasis>
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Hendel
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C347BEAEB726FFD1FF35F8936506D64B" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE2ED25B726FFD1FF35F8936506D64B" blockId="1.[151,718,494,543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4DCA0BB726FFD1FF35F8936506D64B" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFCCB34B726FFD1FF35F893668BD657" author="Hendel, F." box="[151,450,494,516]" page="231" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" year="1907">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FF35F893668BD657" ID-CoL="63M24" authority="Hendel, 1907: 231" authorityName="Hendel" authorityPageNumber="231" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,450,494,516]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Paranomina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FF35F8936647D650" box="[151,270,495,516]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Paranomina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC90D4B726FFD1FEB1F892668BD657" author="Hendel" box="[275,450,494,516]" firstAuthor="Hendel" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="223 - 245" refId="ref8209" refString="Hendel, F. 1907. Neue und interessante Dipteren aus dem kaiserl. Museum in Wien. Wiener entomologische Zeitung 26: 223 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8886" type="journal article" year="1907">Hendel, 1907: 231</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFCCB34B726FFD1FE69F892650BD650" author="Hendel, F." box="[459,578,494,516]" page="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" year="1908">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC90D4B726FFD1FE69F892650BD650" author="Hendel" box="[459,578,494,516]" firstAuthor="Hendel" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" refId="ref8250" refString="Hendel, F. 1908. Diptera Fam. Muscaridae, Subfam. Lauxaniinae. Genera Insectorum 68: 66 pp., 3 pls." type="book" year="1908">1908: 58–59</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(more detailed description).
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFCCB34B726FFD1FE96FB756553D64B" author="Stuckenberg, B. R." box="[308,538,521,543]" page="544" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" year="1971">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC90D4B726FFD1FE96FB756553D64B" author="Stuckenberg" box="[308,538,521,543]" firstAuthor="Stuckenberg" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="499 - 610" refId="ref8597" refString="Stuckenberg, B. R. 1971. A review of the Old World genera of Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Annals of the Natal Museum 20: 499 - 610." type="journal article" year="1971">Stuckenberg, 1971: 544</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 546.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C347BEAEB726FFD1FFDBFB496364D1E8" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BE2ED25B726FFD1FFDBFB496784D63E" blockId="1.[121,749,564,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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||
<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FFDBFB49664ED618" bold="true" box="[121,263,564,589]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<typeStatus id="54E65387B726FFD1FFDBFB4967F8D619" box="[121,177,565,589]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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(original designation):
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FDA7FB496784D63E" ID-CoL="75PB9" authority="Hendel." class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Paranomina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">
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<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FDA7FB4965A5D618" box="[517,748,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Paranomina unicolor</emphasis>
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Hendel.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE2ED25B726FFD1FF35FB1366B9D7F8" blockId="1.[121,749,564,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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The genus is distinguished from other Australasian genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FF37FBF06651D6F0" ID-CoL="BTH" box="[149,280,652,676]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lauxaniidae</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: costa with series of short, stout black spinules, becoming distally replaced by finer spinules or hairs well before end of vein 3 (or R
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<subScript id="17D9EF60B726FFD1FEB4FB8C6679D6AA" attach="left" box="[278,304,752,766]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">4+5</subScript>
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), in contrast to
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FE7AFB9965A4D6A8" ID-CoL="4YDV" authority="van der Wulp" authorityName="van der Wulp" box="[472,749,740,764]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Homoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FE7AFB99651FD6A8" box="[472,598,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Homoneura</emphasis>
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van der Wulp
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</taxonomicName>
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etc.; vein 2 on most of its length not closely approximated to costa, in contrast to
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FEE9FA5C6545D763" ID-CoL="43BR" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[331,524,799,823]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Depressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FEE9FA5C66E7D763" box="[331,430,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Depressa</emphasis>
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Malloch
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FDCCFA6367A0D700" ID-CoL="63TWQ" authority="de Meijere" authorityName="de Meijere" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Steganopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FDCCFA6365A5D762" box="[622,748,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Steganopsis</emphasis>
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de Meijere
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.; presutural (or posthumeral) bristle of thorax absent, in contrast to condition in
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FE7CFA2665A5D726" ID-CoL="7ZZT" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1925" box="[478,748,858,882]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Trigonometopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FE7CFA2665C7D725" box="[478,654,858,881]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Trigonometopsis</emphasis>
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Malloch
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. etc.; anterior one, of two pairs of fronto-orbital bristles, strongly incurved and not reclinate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE2ED25B726FFD1FF35FACE6659D7B3" blockId="1.[121,749,564,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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Additional significant features of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FDAFFACE65DAD79D" ID-CoL="63M24" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1907" box="[525,659,946,969]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Paranomina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FDAFFACE65DAD79D" box="[525,659,946,969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Paranomina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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include the following:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE2ED25B726FFD1FF35FA90626BD4B8" blockId="1.[121,749,564,1469]" lastBlockId="1.[794,1422,154,1468]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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Head: eye rounded in profile, not higher than long; postfrons anteriorly with few inconspicuous setulae which are not distinctly proclinate; fronto-orbital plates not sharply distinct in colour or texture, but sometimes with imperfect indication of colour differentiation; face almost flat, receding ventrally in profile; its surface almost evenly pruinescent (microtrichose); cheek region with a series of large posteroventral bristles, much diminishing in size anteriorly; prelabrum (
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<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FF55FDA4667BD0BB" box="[247,306,1240,1263]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">sensu</emphasis>
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Hendel, or anteclypeus sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC90D4B726FFD1FDDEFDAB67FAD159" author="Crampton" firstAuthor="Crampton" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="10 - 165" refId="ref8008" refString="Crampton, G. C. 1942. The external morphology of the Diptera. Guide to the Insects of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 64: 10 - 165." type="journal article" year="1942">Crampton, 1942</bibRefCitation>
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; “clypeus” as error in homology of some modern authors, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC90D4B726FFD1FEA5FC6E66F7D17E" author="McAlpine" box="[263,446,1298,1322]" firstAuthor="McAlpine" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="27 - 64" refId="ref8405" refString="McAlpine, D. K. 2007. The surge flies (Diptera: Canacidae: Zaleinae) of Australasia and notes on tethinid-canacid morphology and relationships. Records of the Australian Museum 59 (1): 27 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.59.2007.1468" type="journal article" year="2007">McAlpine, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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) very narrowly transverse; palpus rather small and slender, setulose; proboscis rather short, with broad labella; antenna approximately porrect, with segments 1 and 2 short but prominent, segment 3 bilaterally compressed, ovate, less than twice as long as deep; arista with segment 4 very short, segment 5 subcylindrical, less than twice as long as its greatest diameter, segment 6 filiform, with short moderately dense black pubescence (erroneously stated to be bare by Hendel and by Stuckenberg).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE2ED25B726FFD1FC9AF98E6223D696" blockId="1.[794,1422,154,1468]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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Thorax slightly elongate, not strongly convex in dorsal profile; dorsocentral bristles usually 0+3 (1+
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<quantity id="4CA540C0B726FFD1FA88F8736213D573" box="[1322,1370,271,295]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
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one species); usually one pair of acrostichal bristles and two or four longitudinal series of small acrostichal setulae; scutellum with two pairs of bristles and no setulae; humeral, propleural (proepisternal), and mesopleural (anepisternal) bristles one each; postsutural intra-alar bristle absent, in contrast to
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FC3CF8BC63A5D583" ID-CoL="63C4K" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[926,1260,447,471]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Minettia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FC3CF8BC64B4D583" box="[926,1021,448,471]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Minettia</emphasis>
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Robineau-Desvoidy
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; sternopleural bristles usually two, of unequal size; pteropleuron bare; prosternum broad, bare, without precoxal bridge. Fore femur with several large posterodorsal and posteroventral bristles; each tibia with one preapical dorsal bristle; fore tibia with variably developed ventral subapical bristle; hind tibia with one very short apical anteroventral spur and several smaller terminal ventral setulae. Wing generally typical of family, moderately elongate, hyaline, without darker markings.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE2ED25B726FFD1FC9AFBBB63ABD701" blockId="1.[794,1422,154,1468]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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||
<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FC9AFBBB6484D68B" box="[824,973,711,735]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Preabdomen</emphasis>
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||
without distinctive features; female postabdomen with tergites and sternites separate and relatively short; male postabdomen approximately symmetrical, its apparent surstyli completely fused to epandrium (surstylar lobes of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC90D4B726FFD1FBF8FA41639FD701" author="Papp" box="[1114,1238,829,853]" firstAuthor="Papp" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="129 - 169" refId="ref8566" refString="Papp, L. 2007. A review of the Old World Trigonometopini Becker (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationales Hungarici 99: 129 - 169." type="journal article" year="2007">Papp, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE2ED25B726FFD1FC9AFA2663B1D02E" blockId="1.[794,1422,154,1468]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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Examples of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FC68FA266306D725" ID-CoL="63M24" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1907" box="[970,1103,858,881]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Paranomina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FC68FA266306D725" box="[970,1103,858,881]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Paranomina</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be generically identified by use of the key to the Old World lauxaniid genera given by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC90D4B726FFD1FC9DFAE86350D7F9" author="Stuckenberg" box="[831,1049,916,941]" firstAuthor="Stuckenberg" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="499 - 610" refId="ref8597" refString="Stuckenberg, B. R. 1971. A review of the Old World genera of Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Annals of the Natal Museum 20: 499 - 610." type="journal article" year="1971">Stuckenberg (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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, but not by Malloch’s key to the Australian genera of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FBAEFACE63E0D79E" authorityName="F.Walker" authorityYear="1835" box="[1036,1193,946,970]" class="Insecta" family="Sapromyzidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sapromyzidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (1927: 400), which requires the correction added by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC90D4B726FFD1FB26FAB3621BD7B3" author="Malloch" box="[1156,1362,975,999]" firstAuthor="Malloch" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="319 - 335" refId="ref8373" refString="Malloch, J. R. 1928. Notes on Australian Diptera, No. xv. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 53: 319 - 335." type="journal article" year="1928">Malloch (1928:30)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Two undescribed lauxaniid species from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499923C7B726FFD1FB34FA906272D050" box="[1174,1339,1004,1028]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">South Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(in AM collection) somewhat resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FBFDFD7663ABD075" ID-CoL="63M24" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1907" box="[1119,1250,1034,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Paranomina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FBFDFD7663ABD075" box="[1119,1250,1034,1057]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Paranomina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but have a large presutural bristle and the eye is slightly higher than long. The generic position of these species will need to be determined when there is better study material available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE2ED25B726FFD1FC9AFD036364D1E8" blockId="1.[794,1422,154,1468]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Monophyly of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FB9FFDFC638BD0C3" ID-CoL="63M24" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1907" box="[1085,1218,1152,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Paranomina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FB9FFDFC638BD0C3" box="[1085,1218,1152,1175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Paranomina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by the absence of the presutural bristle and the strong incurvature of the anterior fronto-orbital bristle, both apparently somewhat unusual (but not unique) apomorphic conditions within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FCE0FD886480D158" ID-CoL="BTH" box="[834,969,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lauxaniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; together with detailed agreement in most other features of external morphology. The association of the species with plants of the endemic Australian genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FCB8FC3064F0D130" box="[794,953,1356,1380]" class="Liliopsida" family="Xanthorrhoeaceae" genus="Xanthorrhoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FCB8FC3064F0D130" box="[794,953,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Xanthorrhoea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to add further evidence of close relationship among the species, though this probably does not apply to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D96A6B726FFD1FC79FCF4637AD1CB" ID-CoL="9HNSQ" authorityName="Mcalpine" authorityYear="2019" box="[987,1075,1415,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Paranomina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9293137B726FFD1FC79FCF4637AD1CB" box="[987,1075,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">P. longa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species which is also slightly morphologically atypical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |