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<mods:title id="21100269C41C973F29EC4F89C54E7718">Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1944FFA86AC294451D71FBE7" ID-CoL="5GMDB" authority="Stresemann" authorityName="Stresemann" authorityYear="1936" box="[190,592,1099,1122]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="enca" subSpecies="celebensis">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1944FFA86AC294451EE3FBE4" bold="true" box="[190,450,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">Corvus enca celebensis</emphasis>
Stresemann
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<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1944FFA86AFC94771DAFFB0A" author="Stresemann, E." box="[128,654,1144,1164]" page="368" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" year="1936">
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1944FFA86AFC94771DAFFB0A" ID-CoL="5GMDB" authority="Stresemann, 1936: 368" authorityName="Stresemann" authorityPageNumber="368" authorityYear="1936" box="[128,654,1144,1164]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="enca" subSpecies="celebensis">
<emphasis id="B945392E1944FFA86AFC94771E5DFB0A" box="[128,380,1144,1164]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">Corvus enca celebensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1944FFA86BF294771DAFFB0A" author="Stresemann" box="[398,654,1145,1164]" firstAuthor="Stresemann" page="368" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" pagination="356 - 369" refId="ref137705" refString="Stresemann, E. 1936. A nominal list of the birds of Celebes. Ibis (13) 6: 356 - 369." type="journal article" year="1936">Stresemann, 1936: 368</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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(Rurukan, North
<collectingRegion id="49F52BDE1944FFA86B24949A1E8DFB21" box="[344,428,1172,1191]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">Celebes</collectingRegion>
).
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB21C2121944FFA86AFC94BE1E8FFAA8" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">
Now
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1944FFA86AC694BE1D40FB44" ID-CoL="5GMDB" authority="Stresemann, 1936" authorityName="Stresemann" authorityYear="1936" box="[186,609,1199,1219]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="enca" subSpecies="celebensis">
<emphasis id="B945392E1944FFA86AC694BE1E81FB45" box="[186,416,1199,1219]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">Corvus enca celebensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1944FFA86BDA94BE1D40FB44" author="Stresemann" box="[422,609,1199,1219]" firstAuthor="Stresemann" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" pagination="356 - 369" refId="ref137705" refString="Stresemann, E. 1936. A nominal list of the birds of Celebes. Ibis (13) 6: 356 - 369." type="journal article" year="1936">Stresemann, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. See
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1944FFA86AE694C41E91FB5B" author="Stresemann, E." box="[154,432,1226,1245]" page="15" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" year="1940">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1944FFA86AE694C41E91FB5B" author="Stresemann" box="[154,432,1226,1245]" firstAuthor="Stresemann" page="15 - 16" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref137730" refString="Stresemann, E. 1940. Die Vogel von Celebes. Teil III. Systematik und Biologie. 1. (Passeres). Journal fur Ornithologie 88: 1 - 135, map." type="journal article" year="1940">Stresemann, 1940: 1516</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1944FFA86BB894C41FDEFB7F" author="White, C. M. N. &amp; M. D. Bruce" page="321" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1944FFA86BB894C41FDEFB7F" author="White and Bruce" firstAuthor="White" page="321" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" refId="ref140017" refString="White, C. M. N., and M. D. Bruce. 1986. The birds of Wallacea. B. O. U. check-list no. 7. London: British Ornithologists' Union, 524 pp." type="book" year="1986">White and Bruce, 1986: 321</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1944FFA86B7694E81EDFFB7F" author="Coates, B. J. &amp; K. D. Bishop &amp; D. Gardner" box="[266,510,1253,1273]" page="414" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1944FFA86B7694E81EDFFB7F" author="Coates" box="[266,510,1253,1273]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Coates" page="414" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" refId="ref121347" refString="Coates, B. J., K. D. Bishop, and D. Gardner. 1997. A guide to the birds of Wallacea. Alderley, Queensland: Dove Publications Pty., 535 pp, 64 pls." type="book" year="1997">Coates et al., 1997: 414</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1944FFA8687594EB1E66FA95" author="Dickinson, E. C. &amp; R. W. R. J. Dekker &amp; S. Eck &amp; S. Somadikarta" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" pagination="65 - 84" refId="ref122538" refString="Dickinson, E. C., R. W. R. J. Dekker, S. Eck, and S. Somadikarta. 2004 a. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 43. Types of the Oriolidae. Zoologische Verhandelingen 350: 65 - 84." type="journal article" year="2004">Dickinson et al., 2004: 9395</bibRefCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1944FFA86B29950E1DABFA95" author="Dickinson, E. C." box="[341,650,1280,1300]" page="122" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1944FFA86B29950E1DABFA95" author="Dickinson" box="[341,650,1280,1300]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dickinson" page="122" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" pagination="111 - 148" refId="ref122588" refString="Dickinson, E. C., et al. 2004 b. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 45. Types of the Corvidae. Zoologische Verhandelingen 350: 111 - 148." type="journal article" year="2004" yearSuffix="b">Dickinson et al., 2004b: 122</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; and
<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1944FFA86AB595151E88FAA8" author="dos Anjos, L." box="[201,425,1307,1326]" page="619" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1944FFA86AB595151E88FAA8" author="dos Anjos" box="[201,425,1307,1326]" firstAuthor="dos Anjos" page="619" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" pagination="566 - 640" refId="ref122760" refString="dos Anjos, L. 2009. Family Corvidae (crows). Species accounts. In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott and D. A. Christie (editors). Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. 14, Bush-shrikes to Old World sparrows: 566 - 640. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 893 pp. 51 pls., photographs." type="book chapter" year="2009">dos Anjos, 2009: 619</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32BB6B71944FFA86AE095481DAFFA52" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1944FFA86AE095481DAFFA52" blockId="123.[128,654,1350,1759]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">
<materialsCitation id="3B59EF611944FFA86AE095481DAFFA52" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059913328" collectingDate="1931-02-17" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Indonesia" county="Gerd Heinrich" elevation="900" latitude="1.2" location="Rurukan" longLatPrecision="785" longitude="124.48" municipality="BirdLife" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" specimenCode="AMNH 299071" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E1944FFA86AE095481E3DFADA" box="[156,284,1350,1374]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B945392E1944FFA86B4F95491ECFFADB" bold="true" box="[307,494,1351,1373]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">
<specimenCode id="DB974D471944FFA86B4F95491ECFFADB" box="[307,494,1351,1373]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">AMNH 299071</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
, adult male, collected at
<location id="8EEEB3E71944FFA86B7B956B1E52FAFD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398542A1944FFA86AC294451B39FC49:8EEEB3E71944FFA86B7B956B1E52FAFD" box="[263,371,1381,1403]" country="Indonesia" county="Gerd Heinrich" latitude="1.2" longLatPrecision="785" longitude="124.48" municipality="BirdLife" name="Rurukan" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Rurukan</location>
,
<quantity id="4CC948D91944FFA86B01956B1EE5FAFD" box="[381,452,1381,1403]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="900.0">
<elevation id="001C020F1944FFA86B01956B1EE5FAFD" box="[381,452,1381,1403]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</elevation>
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0583FB1944FFA86BB3956B1D07FAFC" box="[463,550,1381,1402]" degrees="01.20" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" precision="555" value="1.2">01.20N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0583FB1944FFA8684C956B1DACFAFC" box="[560,653,1381,1402]" degrees="124.48" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" precision="555" value="124.48">124.48E</geoCoordinate>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEA7F461944FFA86AFB958D1FCBFA1F" box="[135,234,1411,1433]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">BirdLife</collectingMunicipality>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1944FFA86A85958D1D13FA1F" author="International" box="[249,562,1411,1433]" firstAuthor="International" page="2609" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" refId="ref119944" refString="BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book, Part B: 1517 - 3038. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International." type="book" year="2001">International, 2001: 2609</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="49F52BDE1944FFA86831958D1FC5FA30" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">north Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
(=
<collectingRegion id="49F52BDE1944FFA86B4C95AE1EACFA30" box="[304,397,1440,1462]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">Celebes</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F326A5AC1944FFA86BD395AE1D05FA30" box="[431,548,1440,1462]" name="Indonesia" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, on
<date id="FF8FC3FC1944FFA8680E95AF1E0CFA55" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" value="1931-02-17">
<collectingDate id="EFCB3A141944FFA8680E95AF1E0CFA55" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" value="1931-02-17">17 February 1931</collectingDate>
</date>
, by
<collectingCounty id="62EF9DB01944FFA86B2395B01D28FA52" box="[351,521,1470,1492]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">Gerd Heinrich</collectingCounty>
(no. 3753).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32BB6B71944FFA86AE095D41B39FC49" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1944FFA86AE095D41DACF959" blockId="123.[128,654,1350,1759]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">
COMMENTS: In the original description, Stresemann gave Heinrichs unique field number of the
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E1944FFA86B4B96191EBFF9AB" box="[311,414,1559,1581]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
but did not list the specimens he examined;
<materialsCitation id="3B59EF611944FFA86BDD963B1DACF959" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3059913960" collectionCode="AMNH, ZMB" location="Heinrich" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
however, he (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1944FFA86842963B1E68F9EF" author="Stresemann" firstAuthor="Stresemann" page="359" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" pagination="356 - 369" refId="ref137705" refString="Stresemann, E. 1936. A nominal list of the birds of Celebes. Ibis (13) 6: 356 - 369." type="journal article" year="1936">Stresemann, 1936: 359</bibRefCitation>
) noted that
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1944FFA86B9B965C1D77F9EF" box="[487,598,1618,1641]" class="Aves" family="Oriolidae" genus="Oriolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">
<emphasis id="B945392E1944FFA86B9B965C1D77F9EF" box="[487,598,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">celebensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was universally distributed on
<collectingRegion id="49F52BDE1944FFA86BC8967E1D3DF900" box="[436,540,1648,1670]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
.
<location id="8EEEB3E71944FFA86854967E1DAFF900" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398542A1944FFA86AC294451B39FC49:8EEEB3E71944FFA86854967E1DAFF900" box="[552,654,1648,1670]" name="Heinrich" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Heinrich</location>
had collected for
<collectionCode id="ED207DF91944FFA86B1F96801EE0F925" box="[355,449,1678,1699]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">AMNH</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED207DF91944FFA8687796801D6CF925" box="[523,589,1678,1699]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
, and types were to be deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED207DF91944FFA86B9796A21D6AF947" box="[491,587,1708,1729]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">AMNH</collectionCode>
, with the rest of the collection divided between the
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1944FFA868C190DB1B39FC49" blockId="123.[701,1228,213,975]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">
two institutions (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1944FFA869E090DB1B9EFF6D" author="Stresemann" box="[924,1215,213,235]" firstAuthor="Stresemann" page="7 - 9" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" pagination="7 - 14" refId="ref137614" refString="Stresemann, E. 1931. Vorlaufiges uber die ornithologischen Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich 1930 - 31. I. Zur Ornithologie des Latimodjong- Gebirges im sudlichen Central-Celebes. Ornithologische Monatsberichte 39: 7 - 14." type="journal article" year="1931">Stresemann, 1931: 79</bibRefCitation>
). Later,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1944FFA8696990FC1B73FE8E" author="Stresemann" box="[789,1106,242,264]" firstAuthor="Stresemann" page="15 - 16" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref137730" refString="Stresemann, E. 1940. Die Vogel von Celebes. Teil III. Systematik und Biologie. 1. (Passeres). Journal fur Ornithologie 88: 1 - 135, map." type="journal article" year="1940">Stresemann (1940: 1516)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<specimenCount id="9D372EB51944FFA86ECC90FC1C14FEA0" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" type="generic">24 specimens</specimenCount>
, giving the localities where they were collected. Sixteen of these, including the
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E1944FFA868C191451C07FEE7" box="[701,806,331,353]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, were deposited in AMNH. The
<specimenCount id="9D372EB51944FFA86ECC91451C0FFEF8" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">15 paratypes</specimenCount>
in AMNH are: Makassar,
<emphasis id="B945392E1944FFA86E0D91671CCFFE1D" bold="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">AMNH 299069, 299076, 299077</emphasis>
, one male, two females; Paleleh,
<emphasis id="B945392E1944FFA869F191AA1B64FE3F" bold="true" box="[909,1093,420,441]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">AMNH 299070</emphasis>
, one male; Rurukan,
<emphasis id="B945392E1944FFA8694791CF1C2EFE72" bold="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">AMNH 299072, 299073, 299079 299081</emphasis>
, two males, three females; Komersot,
<emphasis id="B945392E1944FFA868C191F31B63FD94" bold="true" box="[701,1090,509,530]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">AMNH 299074, 299082, 299083</emphasis>
, one male, two females; Wawo,
<emphasis id="B945392E1944FFA869CC92141BE5FDA9" bold="true" box="[944,1220,538,559]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">AMNH 299075, 299084</emphasis>
, one male, one female; Oeroe,
<emphasis id="B945392E1944FFA86E6E92361BE5FDCB" bold="true" box="[1042,1220,568,589]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">AMNH 299078</emphasis>
, female, all collected on
<collectingRegion id="49F52BDE1944FFA8698B92581B7DFDEA" box="[1015,1116,598,620]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="123" pageNumber="123">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
between
<date id="FF8FC3FC1944FFA868C1927A1C1EFD0F" box="[701,831,628,649]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" value="1930-05">May 1930</date>
and
<date id="FF8FC3FC1944FFA869EF927D1B6AFD0F" box="[915,1099,627,649]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" value="1932-02">February 1932</date>
by Gerd Heinrich.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1944FFA86941929F1B77FD21" author="Steinheimer" box="[829,1110,657,679]" firstAuthor="Steinheimer" page="25" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref137115" refString="Steinheimer, F. D. 2009. The type specimens of Corvidae (Aves) in the Museum fur Naturkunde at the Humboldt-University of Berlin, with the description of a new subspecies of Dendrocitta vagabunda. Zootaxa 2149: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="2009">Steinheimer (2009: 25)</bibRefCitation>
reported four
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E1944FFA8688792A11C4DFD42" box="[763,876,687,708]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in ZMB from Rurukan and five additional specimens from other localities, which I believe should also be considered
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E1944FFA868C193061C13FC9B" box="[701,818,776,797]" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. This results in a total of
<specimenCount id="9D372EB51944FFA86ECC93091C17FCBD" pageId="123" pageNumber="123" type="generic">25 specimens</specimenCount>
. There apparently was a misprint in Stresemanns sums as there is in fact a total of three males and four females from Makassar (one male, two females in AMNH and two males, two females in ZMB; S. Frahnert, personal commun.)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>