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<document id="44EBB6681805587DA46DCA9FB7F21FF1" ID-CLB-Dataset="24883" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4697.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a01bfb5-6e33-42b5-ab5d-4f8512c9128f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3542832" ID-ZooBank="AF79BEA3-3CC8-49CA-9707-A8D5B4DAACD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573811550811" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Brook, Fred J. &amp; Ablett, Jonathan D." docDate="2019" docId="437587C2FF866543FF02EBF3D01612B5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4697.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4697 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Milax antipodarum Pfeiffer 1855" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="BF4CFFBAFFC46501FF95E85FD42A1466" masterDocTitle="Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917" masterLastPageNumber="117" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1698766724431" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8CDF4E397AFC3AC436E1B1EF8883E72F">Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="901F8C2B151DC931953D2F08B9CF35CA">Brook, Fred J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="78B3E8A18266C4B9A591477E91D5C76B">Ablett, Jonathan D.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="437587C2FF866543FF02EBF3D01612B5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160406408" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:437587C2FF866543FF02EBF3D01612B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/437587C2FF866543FF02EBF3D01612B5" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<subSubSection id="83C6655FFF866543FF02EBF3D5171041" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF866543FF02EBF3D60517A0" blockId="66.[151,559,940,967]" box="[151,559,940,967]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<heading id="902B81B8FF866543FF02EBF3D60517A0" bold="true" box="[151,559,940,967]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF866543FF02EBF3D60517A0" ID-CoL="7S5RN" authority="Pfeiffer, 1855" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,559,940,967]" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Milax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antipodarum">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF866543FF02EBF3D60517A0" bold="true" box="[151,559,940,967]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF866543FF02EBF3D5A817A1" bold="true" box="[151,386,940,967]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Milax antipodarum</emphasis>
Pfeiffer, 1855
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF866543FF02EBAFD5171041" blockId="66.[151,1437,1008,1063]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
Pfeiffer [in Gray &amp; Pfeiffer], 1855. Catalogue of
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF866543FD1EEBAFD6DD106F" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1814" box="[651,759,1008,1033]" class="Gastropoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pulmonata" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="order">Pulmonata</taxonomicName>
or air-breathing
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF866543FC37EBAFD02A106F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[930,1024,1008,1033]" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mollusca" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="order">Mollusca</taxonomicName>
in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1: 177.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83C6655FFF866543FF02EC09D7C610D1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF866543FF02EC09D1AF10F5" blockId="66.[151,1437,1109,1748]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF866543FF02EC09D56D1016" bold="true" box="[151,327,1109,1136]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Type material:</emphasis>
Two
<typeStatus id="14678876FF866543FE12EC09D5C61016" box="[391,492,1110,1136]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, formerly in the British Museum (Pfeiffer [in
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FC7BEC0AD0CE1016" author="Gray, J. E. &amp; Pfeiffer, L." box="[1006,1252,1109,1136]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref95254" refString="Gray, J. E. &amp; Pfeiffer, L. (1855) Catalogue of Pulmonata or air-breathing Mollusca in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, 192 pp." type="book" year="1855">Gray &amp; Pfeiffer 1855</bibRefCitation>
]: 177; Cockerell 1891: 340); not located by Barker (1999: 90), not found in
<collectionCode id="ADCDAE11FF866543FCB9EC25D7BC10F2" box="[812,918,1146,1172]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
collections in 2018, whereabouts unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF866543FF52ECC1D7C610D1" blockId="66.[151,1437,1109,1748]" box="[199,1004,1181,1208]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF866543FF52ECC1D54310DE" bold="true" box="[199,361,1181,1208]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<typeStatus id="14678876FF866543FF52ECC1D52810DE" box="[199,258,1182,1208]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
New Zealand (Pfeiffer [in
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FD3CECC2D7B510DE" author="Gray, J. E. &amp; Pfeiffer, L." box="[681,927,1181,1208]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref95254" refString="Gray, J. E. &amp; Pfeiffer, L. (1855) Catalogue of Pulmonata or air-breathing Mollusca in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, 192 pp." type="book" year="1855">Gray &amp; Pfeiffer 1855</bibRefCitation>
]: 177).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83C6655FFF866543FF52EC9DD01612B5" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF866543FF52EC9DD56512ED" blockId="66.[151,1437,1109,1748]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF866543FF52EC9DD51710BA" bold="true" box="[199,317,1218,1244]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Remarks:</emphasis>
The original description did not state where in
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF866543FCC2EC9DD7C710BD" box="[855,1005,1217,1244]" name="New Zealand" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
the
<typeStatus id="14678876FF866543FB8AEC9DD06510BA" box="[1055,1103,1218,1244]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
material was collected, or by whom. There are no published illustrations of
<typeStatus id="14678876FF866543FD0BECB9D6E41166" box="[670,718,1254,1280]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
material. This taxon was originally thought to be native to
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF866543FAF2ECB9D4DB1145" name="New Zealand" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FEAEED55D5DD1145" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[315,503,1289,1316]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref96424" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1880) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. James Hughes, Wellington, 224 pp." type="book" year="1880">Hutton 1880: 26</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FD90ED56D6A31142" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[517,649,1289,1316]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="186 - 212" refId="ref96727" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1884 b) Revision of the land Mollusca of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 16, 186 - 212." type="journal article" year="1884">1884b: 205</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FD0BED55D7AE1142" author="Musson, C. T." box="[670,900,1289,1316]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="883 - 896" refId="ref100043" refString="Musson, C. T. (1891) On the naturalised forms of land and freshwater Mollusca in Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Series 2, 5, 883 - 896. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18668" type="journal article" year="1891">Musson (1891: 886)</bibRefCitation>
implied that it could be adventive, and
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FADEED56D559112E" author="Hedley, C. &amp; Suter, H." pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="613 - 665" refId="ref96063" refString="Hedley, C. &amp; Suter, H. (1893) Reference list of the land and freshwater Mollusca of New Zealand. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Series 2, 7, 613 - 665." type="journal article" year="1893">Hedley &amp; Suter (1893: 665</bibRefCitation>
—as
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF866543FE3BED72D6411121" box="[430,619,1325,1351]" class="Gastropoda" family="Agriolimacidae" genus="Amalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antipoda">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF866543FE3BED72D6411121" box="[430,619,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Amalia antipoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) listed it as an introduced species.
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FC6FED72D0F91121" author="Suter, H." box="[1018,1235,1325,1351]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref107114" refString="Suter, H. (1913 b) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1913">Suter (1913b: 1072</bibRefCitation>
—as
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF866543FA9AED71D1B91121" box="[1295,1427,1325,1352]" class="Gastropoda" family="Agriolimacidae" genus="Amalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antipoda">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF866543FA9AED71D1B91121" box="[1295,1427,1325,1352]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A. antipoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) noted it was related to
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF866543FE0BED0DD731110A" authority="Draparnaud, 1805" authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1805" box="[414,795,1361,1388]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limacidae" genus="Limax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gagates">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF866543FE0BED0DD66E110D" box="[414,580,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Limax gagates</emphasis>
Draparnaud, 1805
</taxonomicName>
, and it was listed as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF866543FB6EED0ED50411F6" authority="(Draparnaud)" authorityName="Draparnaud" baseAuthorityName="Draparnaud" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Milax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gagates">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF866543FB6EED0ED1B6110D" box="[1275,1436,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Milax gagates</emphasis>
(Draparnaud)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FEC8ED2AD61111F6" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[349,571,1397,1424]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref103388" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca. Collins, Auckland, 500 pp." type="book" year="1979">Powell (1979: 450)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FDE3ED2AD76111E9" author="Barker, G. M." box="[630,843,1397,1423]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="411 - 437" refId="ref88296" refString="Barker, G. M. (1979) The introduced slugs of New Zealand (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 6, 411 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1979.10428382" type="journal article" year="1979">Barker (1979: 420</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FCCCED2AD7E411E9" author="Barker, G. M." box="[857,974,1397,1423]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="174 - 181" refId="ref88339" refString="Barker, G. M. (1982) Notes on the introduced terrestrial Pulmonata (Gastropoda: Mollusca) of New Zealand. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 48, 174 - 181." type="journal article" year="1982">1982: 178</bibRefCitation>
, 1999: 87).
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF866543FBC9ED2AD4F211D5" authority="(Draparnaud, 1801)" authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1801" baseAuthorityName="Draparnaud" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Milax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gagates">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF866543FBC9ED2AD0D411E9" box="[1116,1278,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Milax gagates</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FA9AED2AD4FA11D5" author="Draparnaud, J." pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref92274" refString="Draparnaud, J. (1801) Tableau des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Renaud, Montpellier et Paris, 116 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13180" type="book" year="1801">Draparnaud, 1801</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is thought to be native to coastal areas of the western Mediterranean, including North Africa, and possibly the Azores and Canary Islands. It has a wide adventive distribution including northeastern Europe, St Helena,
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF866543FAE1EDE1D4C5119D" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Ascension</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF866543FF68EDBED5EE119D" box="[253,452,1505,1531]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Tristan da Cunha</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF866543FE47EDBED64F119D" box="[466,613,1505,1531]" name="South Africa" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, North and South America,
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF866543FC3FEDBED03E119D" box="[938,1044,1505,1531]" name="Bermuda" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF866543FBB4EDBED0BE119D" box="[1057,1172,1505,1531]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF866543FB37EDBDD0CF119A" box="[1186,1253,1506,1532]" name="Japan" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF866543FB65EDBED170119D" box="[1264,1370,1505,1531]" name="Australia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF866543FAF2EDBDD4DE1279" name="New Zealand" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, and several islands in Polynesia (
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FDE9EE5AD73B1279" author="Wiktor, A." box="[636,785,1541,1567]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="153 - 319" refId="ref107955" refString="Wiktor, A. (1987) Milacidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) - a systematic monograph. Annales Zoologici, 41, 153 - 319." type="journal article" year="1987">Wiktor 1987</bibRefCitation>
; Barker 1999: 89;
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FC7DEE5AD0AE1279" author="Herbert, D. G." box="[1000,1156,1541,1567]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref96106" refString="Herbert, D. G. (2010) The introduced terrestrial Mollusca of South Africa. SANBI Biodiversity Series 15. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 108 pp." type="book" year="2010">Herbert 2010</bibRefCitation>
). It was first recorded in
<collectingCountry id="B3CB7644FF866543FF02EE75D5071225" box="[151,301,1577,1604]" name="New Zealand" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
in the Bay of Islands in 1840 (as
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF866543FD36EE75D02B1222" authority="Gould, 1852" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1852" box="[675,1025,1577,1604]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limacidae" genus="Limax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF866543FD36EE75D7411225" box="[675,875,1577,1603]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Limax fuliginosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FCE4EE76D02B1222" author="Gould, A. A." box="[881,1025,1577,1604]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref93540" refString="Gould, A. A. (1852) Mollusca &amp; shells. United States Exploring Expedition. Vol. 12. Gould &amp; Lincoln, Boston, 510 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61454" type="book" year="1852">Gould, 1852</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), and was recorded by Barker (1999: 89, map 18) as being widely distributed in modified habitats in the North and South islands, and present also on Chatham Island.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB6336D4FF866543FF52EECAD01612B5" blockId="66.[151,1437,1109,1748]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF866543FF52EECAD59C12D6" bold="true" box="[199,438,1685,1712]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Current Taxonomy:</emphasis>
Treated as a subjective junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="0CDC4D57FF866543FC0BEECAD10912C9" authority="(Draparnaud, 1801)" authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1801" baseAuthorityName="Draparnaud" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[926,1315,1685,1711]" class="Gastropoda" family="Milacidae" genus="Milax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gagates">
<emphasis id="F9A8EAC6FF866543FC0BEECAD01412C9" box="[926,1086,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Milax gagates</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FBD8EECAD13112C9" author="Draparnaud, J." box="[1101,1307,1685,1711]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref92274" refString="Draparnaud, J. (1801) Tableau des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Renaud, Montpellier et Paris, 116 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13180" type="book" year="1801">Draparnaud, 1801</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FADBEECAD4C812B5" author="Powell, A. W. B." pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refId="ref103388" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca. Collins, Auckland, 500 pp." type="book" year="1979">Powell (1979)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FE8DEEE6D59A12B5" author="Barker, G. M." box="[280,432,1721,1747]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="411 - 437" refId="ref88296" refString="Barker, G. M. (1979) The introduced slugs of New Zealand (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 6, 411 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1979.10428382" type="journal article" year="1979">Barker (1979</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF4D4B25FF866543FE2EEEE6D5DC12B5" author="Barker, G. M." box="[443,502,1721,1747]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="174 - 181" refId="ref88339" refString="Barker, G. M. (1982) Notes on the introduced terrestrial Pulmonata (Gastropoda: Mollusca) of New Zealand. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 48, 174 - 181." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
, 1999), albeit without examination of
<typeStatus id="14678876FF866543FC37EEE5D7F812B2" box="[930,978,1722,1748]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>