160 lines
12 KiB
XML
160 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-187" ID-Pensoft-UUID="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" ID-ZooBank="6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-187" checkinTime="1667366246929" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Spasojevic, Tamara, Broad, Gavin R. & Klopfstein, Seraina" docDate="2022" docId="AF90E64A88A4552ABB079F434C6C06A6" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 187-212" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-06-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" docTitle="Parapimpla rhenana Theobald 1937, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" masterDocTitle="Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology" masterLastPageNumber="212" masterPageNumber="187" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1667366246929" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Spasojevic, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-5722</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 6 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-975X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">seraina.klopfstein@bs.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Record</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>187</mods:start>
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<mods:end>212</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2193-0074-1-187</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="results">
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF90E64A88A4552ABB079F434C6C06A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF90E64A88A4552ABB079F434C6C06A6" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName LSID="AF90E64A-88A4-552A-BB07-9F434C6C06A6" authority="Theobald, 1937" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Parapimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapimpla rhenana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhenana" status="stat. rev.">Parapimpla rhenana Theobald, 1937</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="187">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Parapimpla rhenana Theobald, 1937 stat. rev. A. Photograph of the holotype taken at NMBA; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693078" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(part F1321/1 and counterpart F1321/2) examined at the NMBA.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Kleinkembs, Pays de Bade, Haut-Rhin, France. Early Oligocene (Rupelian), 33.9-28.4 Ma.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Sex unclear. Dorsal aspect of head, base and some fragments of antennae, dorsolateral view on mesosoma, partial fore wings (one of which is folded longitudinally), partial hind wing and legs, and first five tergites visible. Body length unclear as tip of metasoma is missing, but probably a bit more than 10 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Dark brown on head and mesosoma, orange-brown legs, wing veins, T1, and basal spots on T2-T5, remainder very light brown or yellow.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
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short, with short gena, occipital carina well developed and evenly rounded above.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antenna</emphasis>
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only partly preserved, scape and pedicel of average dimensions; first flagellomere 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, the few other visible fragments showing rather elongate flagellomeres.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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partly crushed, with lighter parts and of normal dimensions; mesoscutum rather long, front margin truncated and prominent, with an indication of a long, converging notaulus, with a light mark in middle; propodeum with pleural, lateral longitudinal and at least partial lateromedian longitudinal carinae, transverse carinae probably present but a bit unclear.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wings</emphasis>
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well preserved, 8.3 mm, but left fore wing longitudinally folded on itself; pterostigma 4.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, brown with a light base; areolet large and quadrate, almost rhombic, with veins r-rs and 4Rs meeting at its anterior end in ~110° angle; 2m-cu very short and probably with a single bulla anteriorly; cell 2R1 very long (3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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); 1M somewhat curved just before it meets M + Cu.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Hind wing</emphasis>
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only partially preserved, cell R nearly complete; 1Rs almost 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than rs-m.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Hind legs</emphasis>
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partly preserved, elongate, femur more than 4.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; tibia 9.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
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only partly preserved; T1 narrow anteriorly and evenly tapering posteriorly, almost twice as long as wide at apex, without distinct division into petiole and postpetiole; T2 subquadrate; T3 and T4 transverse, each with light colouration and brown paired marks near base.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693078" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 19.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Parapimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapimpla rhenana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhenana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Parapimpla rhenana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Theobald, 1937 stat. rev.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
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Photograph of the holotype taken at NMBA;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
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Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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This fossil has a very elongate and narrow T1, which does not occur in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
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. The poor preservation, especially of the wing venation and tip of the metasoma, makes a clear attribution of this genus to any of the extant subfamilies challenging. If the shape of T1 is as preserved, then
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ctenopelmatinae">Ctenopelmatinae</taxonomicName>
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would be a good match, as they also often have similar wing venation. Similar T1 also occurs in some
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Banchinae">Banchinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1869" genus="Cremastinae" lsidName="Cremastinae" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">Cremastinae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Campopleginae">Campopleginae</taxonomicName>
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. However, we can rule out
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Banchinae">Banchinae</taxonomicName>
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based on the presence of longitudinal carinae on the propodeum, and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1869" genus="Cremastinae" lsidName="Cremastinae" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">Cremastinae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Campopleginae">Campopleginae</taxonomicName>
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can be discounted based on the wing venation. Thus, we move this monotypic genus to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ctenopelmatinae">Ctenopelmatinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</subSection>
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</document> |