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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.52860" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e27c18de-98bd-41e1-9354-11d49edd5d33" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167407634" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-577" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D4882E78D81B5FA394A6A156886835E4" ModsDocID="1860-0743-2-577" checkinTime="1599019521532" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vinarski, Maxim V., Aksenova, Olga V. &amp; Bolotov, Ivan N." docDate="2020" docId="680F03FCC786579EA8BAE093170C1F09" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 96(2): 577-608" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.52860" docTitle="Radix (Exsertiana) natalensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="D4882E78D81B5FA394A6A156886835E4" lastPageNumber="577" masterDocId="D4882E78D81B5FA394A6A156886835E4" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic assessment of genetically-delineated species of radicine snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="608" masterPageNumber="577" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" updateTime="1634717030393" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic assessment of genetically-delineated species of radicine snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Lymnaeidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Vinarski, Maxim V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint-Petersburg State University, 7 / 9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia &amp; Omsk State University, 28 Adrianova Str., 644077, Omsk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">radix.vinarski@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aksenova, Olga V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint-Petersburg State University, 7 / 9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia &amp; N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 23 Severnaya Dvina Emb., 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bolotov, Ivan N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 23 Severnaya Dvina Emb., 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russia &amp; Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 17 Severnaya Dvina Emb., 163002, Arkhangelsk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>96</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167407634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:680F03FCC786579EA8BAE093170C1F09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/680F03FCC786579EA8BAE093170C1F09" lastPageNumber="577" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="577" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
8.
<taxonomicName LSID="680F03FC-C786-579E-A8BA-E093170C1F09" authority="(Krauss, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix (Exsertiana) natalensis" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="natalensis" subGenus="Exsertiana">Radix (Exsertiana) natalensis (Krauss, 1848)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Copulatory apparatuses of the species of the genus Radix. A. Radix auricularia (19.07.2007, Russia, Tyumen' Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town); B. R. alticola (01.07.2016, Tajikistan, a warm brook near Dzhaushangoz village); C. R. euphratica (04.07.2016, Tajikistan, a roadside ditch near Kurban-Shakhid village); D. R. makhrovi, a paratype (after Aksenova et al. 2018 a, modified). E. R. plicatula (26.11.2014, China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor's summer palace). F. R. rubiginosa (Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur); G. R. rufescens (24.11.2016, Myanmar, Yetho River, near the dam). H. R. natalensis (05.08.2018, Uganda, crater lake Kyamwiga). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448268" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Figs 4H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Shells of species of the subgenera Radix s. str. and Exsertiana. A. Radix rubiginosa (Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur; LMBI); B. R. rubiginosa (1846, Indonesia, Java Island, &quot; Batavia &quot;; ZMUC); C. R. rubiginosa var. intumescens (Indonesia, Java Island, Surabaya; ZMB); D. R. natalensis (= Limnaea undussumae) (Congo, Undussuma; ZMB). E. R. natalensis (= Limnaea arabica Smith; the holotype; NHMUK); F. R. natalensis f. gravieri (10.03.1966, Ethiopia, lower Avash valley, swamp between Assaita and Dubte; NHMUK). G. R. rufescens (24.11.2016, Myanmar, Yetho River, near the dam; LMBI); H. R. rufescens var. patula (India, Ganges River; ZMB); I. R. rufescens var. chlamys (India, Moradabad; probably syntype; NHMUK). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, E, F), 5 mm (C, D, G, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448270" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">; 6D-F</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characterisation of shells and copulative apparatuses of several species in the genus Radix." pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Table 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="577" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Agassiz, 1846" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1846" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus natalensis" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="natalensis">Limnaeus natalensis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13936" author="Krauss, F" journalOrPublisher="Kreidel's Verlag, Wiesbaden" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B61" refString="Krauss, F, 1848. Die suedafrikanischen Mollusken; ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Mollusken des Kap- und Natallandes und zur geographischen Verbreitung derselben, mit Beschreibung und Abbildung der neuen Artenyu Ebner and Seubert, Stuttgart, 140 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13936" title="Die suedafrikanischen Mollusken; ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Mollusken des Kap- und Natallandes und zur geographischen Verbreitung derselben, mit Beschreibung und Abbildung der neuen Artenyu Ebner and Seubert, Stuttgart, 140 pp." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13936" year="1848">Krauss 1848</bibRefCitation>
: 85.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Tristram" authorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea hovarum" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hovarum">Limnaea hovarum</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Tristram, HB" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="60 - 62" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30681358" refId="B128" refString="Tristram, HB, 1863. Note on some freshwater shells sent from Madagascar by J. Coldwell, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1863: 60 - 62, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30681358" title="Note on some freshwater shells sent from Madagascar by J. Coldwell, Esq." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30681358" volume="1863" year="1863">Tristram 1863</bibRefCitation>
: 61.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Agassiz, 1846" authorityName="von Martens" authorityYear="1866" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaeus natalensis subsp. var. var. exsertus" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="natalensis" subSpecies="var." variety="exsertus">Limnaeus natalensis var. exsertus</taxonomicName>
von
<bibRefCitation author="Martens, E von" journalOrPublisher="Malakozoologische Blaetter" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="91 - 110" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15855714" refId="B80" refString="Martens, E von, 1866. Ueber einige afrikanische Binnenconchylien. Malakozoologische Blaetter 13: 91 - 110, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15855714" title="Ueber einige afrikanische Binnenconchylien." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15855714" volume="13" year="1866">Martens 1866</bibRefCitation>
: 101, pl. 3, figs 8, 9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1882" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea electa" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="electa">Limnaea electa</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1882.tb06639.x" author="Smith, EA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskie Issledovania" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B117" refString="Smith, EA, 1882. A contribution to the Molluscan fauna of Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1882 375-390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1882.tb06639.x" title="A contribution to the Molluscan fauna of Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1882 375 - 390." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1882.tb06639.x" year="1882">Smith 1882</bibRefCitation>
: 385.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Bourguignat" authorityYear="1883" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea caillaudi" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="caillaudi">Limnaea caillaudi</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Bourguignat, JR" journalOrPublisher="Annales des Sciences naturelles (Zoologie et Paleontologie), series" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 162" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36675783" refId="B22" refString="Bourguignat, JR, 1883. Histoire malacologique de l'Abyssinie. Annales des Sciences naturelles (Zoologie et Paleontologie), series 6 (15): 1 - 162, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36675783" title="Histoire malacologique de l'Abyssinie." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36675783" volume="6" year="1883">Bourguignat 1883</bibRefCitation>
: 89, figs 100, 101.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea exserta" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exserta">Limnaea exserta</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Bourguignat, JR" journalOrPublisher="Annales des Sciences naturelles (Zoologie et Paleontologie), series" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 162" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36675783" refId="B22" refString="Bourguignat, JR, 1883. Histoire malacologique de l'Abyssinie. Annales des Sciences naturelles (Zoologie et Paleontologie), series 6 (15): 1 - 162, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36675783" title="Histoire malacologique de l'Abyssinie." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36675783" volume="6" year="1883">Bourguignat 1883</bibRefCitation>
: 90.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Bourguignat" authorityYear="1885" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea gravieri" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravieri">Limnaea gravieri</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12868" author="Bourguignat, JR" journalOrPublisher="Mme Ve Tremblay, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B23" refString="Bourguignat, JR, 1885. Mollusques Recueillis par M. Paul Soleillet Dans Son Voyage au Choa (Ethiopie meridionale). Mme Ve Tremblay, Paris, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12868" title="Mollusques Recueillis par M. Paul Soleillet Dans Son Voyage au Choa (Ethiopie meridionale)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12868" year="1885">Bourguignat 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 23.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="von Martens" authorityYear="1892" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea nyansae" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nyansae">Limnaea nyansae</taxonomicName>
von
<bibRefCitation author="Martens, E von" journalOrPublisher="Fischer, Cassel" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35582page/27/mode/1up" refId="B83" refString="Martens, E von, 1892. Ueber einige neue Arten von Land- und Suesswasser-Mollusken aus Uganda und dem Victoria-Nyansa. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft der naturforschenden Freude zu Berlin. Jahrgand 1892 2: 15-19. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35582page/27/mode/1up" title="Ueber einige neue Arten von Land- und Suesswasser-Mollusken aus Uganda und dem Victoria-Nyansa. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft der naturforschenden Freude zu Berlin. Jahrgand 1892 2: 15 - 19." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35582page/27/mode/1up" year="1892">Martens 1892</bibRefCitation>
: 16.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea arabica" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arabica">Limnaea arabica</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064102" author="Smith, EA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskie Issledovania" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B118" refString="Smith, EA, 1894a. On a small collection of land and fresh-water shells from Oman, Arabia. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 1, 141-142. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064102" title="On a small collection of land and fresh-water shells from Oman, Arabia. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 1, 141 - 142." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064102" year="1894 a">Smith 1894a</bibRefCitation>
: 142, fig. 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="E.A.Smith" authorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea elmeteitensis" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elmeteitensis">Limnaea elmeteitensis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064108" author="Smith, EA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="163 - 168" refId="B119" refString="Smith, EA, 1894b. A list of the land and fresh-water Mollusca collected by Dr. J.W. Gregory in East Africa during his expedition to Mount Kenia, with description of a few new species. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 1: 163 - 168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064108" title="A list of the land and fresh-water Mollusca collected by Dr. J. W. Gregory in East Africa during his expedition to Mount Kenia, with description of a few new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064108" volume="1" year="1894 b">Smith 1894b</bibRefCitation>
: 167, fig. 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="von Martens" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea humerosa" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="humerosa">Limnaea humerosa</taxonomicName>
von
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12943" author="Martens, E von" journalOrPublisher="Reimer, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B84" refString="Martens, E von, 1897. Beschalte Weichthiere Deutsch Ost-Afrikas. D. Reimer, Berlin, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12943" title="Beschalte Weichthiere Deutsch Ost-Afrikas. D." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12943" year="1897">Martens 1897</bibRefCitation>
: 135, pl. 6, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="von Martens" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea undussumae" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undussumae">Limnaea undussumae</taxonomicName>
von
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12943" author="Martens, E von" journalOrPublisher="Reimer, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B84" refString="Martens, E von, 1897. Beschalte Weichthiere Deutsch Ost-Afrikas. D. Reimer, Berlin, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12943" title="Beschalte Weichthiere Deutsch Ost-Afrikas. D." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12943" year="1897">Martens 1897</bibRefCitation>
: 135, pl. I, fig. 18; pl. VI, figs 2, 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Preston" authorityYear="1912" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea kempi" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kempi">Limnaea kempi</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1912.tb07012.x" author="Preston, HB" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="183 - 193" refId="B105" refString="Preston, HB, 1912. Diagnoses of new species of terrestrial and fluviatile shells from British and German East Africa, with the description of a new genus (Eussoia) from the Eusso Nyiro River, B.E. Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 82: 183 - 193, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1912.tb07012.x" title="Diagnoses of new species of terrestrial and fluviatile shells from British and German East Africa, with the description of a new genus (Eussoia) from the Eusso Nyiro River, B. E. Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1912.tb07012.x" volume="82" year="1912">Preston 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 190, pl. 32, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="E.A.Smith" authorityYear="1894" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea (Radix) elmeteitensis" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elmeteitensis" subGenus="Radix">Limnaea (Radix) elmeteitensis</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Germain, L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Muse ́ um National d'histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="179 - 186" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" refId="B38" refString="Germain, L, 1919. Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss. Bulletin du Muséum National d'histoire Naturelle 25: 179 - 186, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" title="Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" volume="25" year="1919">Germain 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 186.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Bourguignat" authorityYear="1885" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea (Radix) gravieri" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gravieri" subGenus="Radix">Limnaea (Radix) gravieri</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Germain, L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Muse ́ um National d'histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="179 - 186" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" refId="B38" refString="Germain, L, 1919. Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss. Bulletin du Muséum National d'histoire Naturelle 25: 179 - 186, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" title="Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" volume="25" year="1919">Germain 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 186.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="F.Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea (Radix) natalensis" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="natalensis" subGenus="Radix">Limnaea (Radix) natalensis</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Germain, L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Muse ́ um National d'histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="179 - 186" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" refId="B38" refString="Germain, L, 1919. Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss. Bulletin du Muséum National d'histoire Naturelle 25: 179 - 186, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" title="Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" volume="25" year="1919">Germain 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 185.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea (Radix) tchadiensis" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tchadiensis" subGenus="Radix">Limnaea (Radix) tchadiensis</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Germain, L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Muse ́ um National d'histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="179 - 186" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" refId="B38" refString="Germain, L, 1919. Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss. Bulletin du Muséum National d'histoire Naturelle 25: 179 - 186, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" title="Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" volume="25" year="1919">Germain 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 186.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="Blainville, 1824" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1824" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Limnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limnaea (Radix) vignoni" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vignoni" subGenus="Radix">Limnaea (Radix) vignoni</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Germain, L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Muse ́ um National d'histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="179 - 186" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" refId="B38" refString="Germain, L, 1919. Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss. Bulletin du Muséum National d'histoire Naturelle 25: 179 - 186, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" title="Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" volume="25" year="1919">Germain 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 186.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea exserta" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="exserta">Lymnaea exserta</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Mandahl-Barth, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B79" refString="Mandahl-Barth, G, 1954. The freshwater mollusks of Uganda and adjacent territories. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Serie in 8°, Sciences Zoologiques 32: 1-206." title="The freshwater mollusks of Uganda and adjacent territories. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Serie in 8 °, Sciences Zoologiques 32: 1 - 206." year="1954">Mandahl-Barth 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 71, fig. 32a-c.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName authority="natalensis" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea natalensis subsp. natalensis" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="natalensis" subSpecies="natalensis">Lymnaea natalensis natalensis</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Mandahl-Barth, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B79" refString="Mandahl-Barth, G, 1954. The freshwater mollusks of Uganda and adjacent territories. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Serie in 8°, Sciences Zoologiques 32: 1-206." title="The freshwater mollusks of Uganda and adjacent territories. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Serie in 8 °, Sciences Zoologiques 32: 1 - 206." year="1954">Mandahl-Barth 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 67, fig. 30a, b.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea natalensis subsp. caillaudi" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="natalensis" subSpecies="caillaudi">Lymnaea natalensis caillaudi</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Mandahl-Barth, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B79" refString="Mandahl-Barth, G, 1954. The freshwater mollusks of Uganda and adjacent territories. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Serie in 8°, Sciences Zoologiques 32: 1-206." title="The freshwater mollusks of Uganda and adjacent territories. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Serie in 8 °, Sciences Zoologiques 32: 1 - 206." year="1954">Mandahl-Barth 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 68, fig. 31a-h.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea natalensis subsp. nyansae" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="natalensis" subSpecies="nyansae">Lymnaea natalensis nyansae</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Mandahl-Barth, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B79" refString="Mandahl-Barth, G, 1954. The freshwater mollusks of Uganda and adjacent territories. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Serie in 8°, Sciences Zoologiques 32: 1-206." title="The freshwater mollusks of Uganda and adjacent territories. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Serie in 8 °, Sciences Zoologiques 32: 1 - 206." year="1954">Mandahl-Barth 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 70, fig. 30c-h.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea (Radix) natalensis" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="natalensis" subGenus="Radix">Lymnaea (Radix) natalensis</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295184" author="Brown, DS" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B26" refString="Brown, DS, 1994. Freshwater Snails of Africa and Their Medical Importance. Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295184" title="Freshwater Snails of Africa and Their Medical Importance." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295184" year="1994">Brown 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 166, figs 76a, b; 79a.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix natalensis" order="Hygrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="natalensis">Radix natalensis</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Neubert, E" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Arabia" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="333 - 461" refId="B96" refString="Neubert, E, 1998. Annotated checklist of the terrestrial and freshwater molluscs of the Arabian Peninsula with descriptions of new species. Fauna of Arabia 17: 333 - 461" title="Annotated checklist of the terrestrial and freshwater molluscs of the Arabian Peninsula with descriptions of new species." volume="17" year="1998">Neubert 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 354;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.023.002" author="Lotfy, WM" journalOrPublisher="Folia Malacologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="19 - 40" refId="B77" refString="Lotfy, WM, Lotfy, LM, 2015. Synopsis of the Egyptian freshwater snail fauna. Folia Malacologica 23: 19 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.023.002" title="Synopsis of the Egyptian freshwater snail fauna." url="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.023.002" volume="23" year="2015">Lotfy and Lotfy 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 29;
<bibRefCitation author="Gloeer, P" journalOrPublisher="Conchbooks, Hackenheim" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B42" refString="Gloeer, P, 2019. The Freshwater Gastropoda of the West-Palaearctis. V. I. Fresh- and brackish waters except spring and subterranean snails. The author, 400 pp." title="The Freshwater Gastropoda of the West-Palaearctis. V. I. Fresh- and brackish waters except spring and subterranean snails. The author, 400 pp." year="2019">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Glöer">Gloeer</normalizedToken>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
p. 241, fig. 301.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="577" type="tl">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">TL.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">South Africa, Natal.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="577" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Probably lost. We failed to find them either in ZMB collection or in other institutions (NMNH, NHMUK) known to contain vast collections of African aquatic snails.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. natalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed in the sub-Saharan Africa as well as in the Nile Basin of Northern Africa (
<bibRefCitation author="Van Damme, D" journalOrPublisher="Developments in Hydrobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 163" refId="B132" refString="Van Damme, D, 1984. The freshwater mollusca of Northern Africa: Distribution, biogeography and paleoecology. Developments in Hydrobiology 25: 1 - 163" title="The freshwater mollusca of Northern Africa: Distribution, biogeography and paleoecology." volume="25" year="1984">van Damme 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295184" author="Brown, DS" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B26" refString="Brown, DS, 1994. Freshwater Snails of Africa and Their Medical Importance. Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295184" title="Freshwater Snails of Africa and Their Medical Importance." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295184" year="1994">Brown 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.023.002" author="Lotfy, WM" journalOrPublisher="Folia Malacologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="19 - 40" refId="B77" refString="Lotfy, WM, Lotfy, LM, 2015. Synopsis of the Egyptian freshwater snail fauna. Folia Malacologica 23: 19 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.023.002" title="Synopsis of the Egyptian freshwater snail fauna." url="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.023.002" volume="23" year="2015">Lotfy and Lotfy 2015</bibRefCitation>
). It also occurs in Arabia (
<bibRefCitation author="Neubert, E" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Arabia" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="333 - 461" refId="B96" refString="Neubert, E, 1998. Annotated checklist of the terrestrial and freshwater molluscs of the Arabian Peninsula with descriptions of new species. Fauna of Arabia 17: 333 - 461" title="Annotated checklist of the terrestrial and freshwater molluscs of the Arabian Peninsula with descriptions of new species." volume="17" year="1998">Neubert 1998</bibRefCitation>
) and Atlantic and Indian Ocean islands: Anjouan (Comores), Madagascar (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295184" author="Brown, DS" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B26" refString="Brown, DS, 1994. Freshwater Snails of Africa and Their Medical Importance. Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295184" title="Freshwater Snails of Africa and Their Medical Importance." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482295184" year="1994">Brown 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00625.x" author="Stothard, JR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="303 - 315" refId="B124" refString="Stothard, JR, Bremond, P, Andriamaro, L, Loxton, NJ, Sellin, B, Sellin, E, Rollinson, D, 2000. Molecular characterization of the freshwater snail Lymnaea natalensis (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) on Madagascar with an observation of an unusual polymorphism in ribosomal small subunit genes. Journal of Zoology 252: 303 - 315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00625.x" title="Molecular characterization of the freshwater snail Lymnaea natalensis (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) on Madagascar with an observation of an unusual polymorphism in ribosomal small subunit genes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00625.x" volume="252" year="2000">Stothard et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
) and the Cabo Verde Islands (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" author="Aksenova, OV" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 17" refId="B1" refString="Aksenova, OV, Bolotov, IN, Gofarov, MY, Kondakov, AV, Vinarski, MV, Bespalaya, YV, Kolosova, YS, Palatov, DM, Sokolova, SE, Spitsyn, VM, Tomilova, AA, Travina, OV, Vikhrev, IV, 2018a. Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World. Scientific Reports 8 (11199): 1 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" title="Species richness, molecular taxonomy and biogeography of the radicine pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in the Old World." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29451-1" volume="8" year="2018 a">Aksenova et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
The shell of this species is (in its typical form) ovate-conical, with somewhat oblong and narrow spire and ovoid body whorl (see Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Shells of species of the subgenera Radix s. str. and Exsertiana. A. Radix rubiginosa (Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur; LMBI); B. R. rubiginosa (1846, Indonesia, Java Island, &quot; Batavia &quot;; ZMUC); C. R. rubiginosa var. intumescens (Indonesia, Java Island, Surabaya; ZMB); D. R. natalensis (= Limnaea undussumae) (Congo, Undussuma; ZMB). E. R. natalensis (= Limnaea arabica Smith; the holotype; NHMUK); F. R. natalensis f. gravieri (10.03.1966, Ethiopia, lower Avash valley, swamp between Assaita and Dubte; NHMUK). G. R. rufescens (24.11.2016, Myanmar, Yetho River, near the dam; LMBI); H. R. rufescens var. patula (India, Ganges River; ZMB); I. R. rufescens var. chlamys (India, Moradabad; probably syntype; NHMUK). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, E, F), 5 mm (C, D, G, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448270" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">6D, E</figureCitation>
). However, some varieties of
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. natalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess an almost spheroid shell with very low spire (see Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Shells of species of the subgenera Radix s. str. and Exsertiana. A. Radix rubiginosa (Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur; LMBI); B. R. rubiginosa (1846, Indonesia, Java Island, &quot; Batavia &quot;; ZMUC); C. R. rubiginosa var. intumescens (Indonesia, Java Island, Surabaya; ZMB); D. R. natalensis (= Limnaea undussumae) (Congo, Undussuma; ZMB). E. R. natalensis (= Limnaea arabica Smith; the holotype; NHMUK); F. R. natalensis f. gravieri (10.03.1966, Ethiopia, lower Avash valley, swamp between Assaita and Dubte; NHMUK). G. R. rufescens (24.11.2016, Myanmar, Yetho River, near the dam; LMBI); H. R. rufescens var. patula (India, Ganges River; ZMB); I. R. rufescens var. chlamys (India, Moradabad; probably syntype; NHMUK). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, E, F), 5 mm (C, D, G, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448270" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">6F</figureCitation>
). The shell height is up to 23 mm (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.023.002" author="Lotfy, WM" journalOrPublisher="Folia Malacologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="19 - 40" refId="B77" refString="Lotfy, WM, Lotfy, LM, 2015. Synopsis of the Egyptian freshwater snail fauna. Folia Malacologica 23: 19 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.023.002" title="Synopsis of the Egyptian freshwater snail fauna." url="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.023.002" volume="23" year="2015">Lotfy and Lotfy 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
We studied anatomically a sample of
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. natalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from the crater lake Kyamwiga in Uganda and found that the soft body anatomy of this snail is generally the same as in the species of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Radix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
discussed above. Praeputium is relatively narrow and oblong, darkly pigmented (grey), whereas the penis sheath is typically light coloured and much narrower and a little longer than the praeputium (see Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Copulatory apparatuses of the species of the genus Radix. A. Radix auricularia (19.07.2007, Russia, Tyumen' Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town); B. R. alticola (01.07.2016, Tajikistan, a warm brook near Dzhaushangoz village); C. R. euphratica (04.07.2016, Tajikistan, a roadside ditch near Kurban-Shakhid village); D. R. makhrovi, a paratype (after Aksenova et al. 2018 a, modified). E. R. plicatula (26.11.2014, China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor's summer palace). F. R. rubiginosa (Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur); G. R. rufescens (24.11.2016, Myanmar, Yetho River, near the dam). H. R. natalensis (05.08.2018, Uganda, crater lake Kyamwiga). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448268" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">4H</figureCitation>
); the ratio of their lengths is 0.96
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.07 (see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characterisation of shells and copulative apparatuses of several species in the genus Radix." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72A87B6AE3E005FDC64F6F3D96361C95" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" tableUuid="72A87B6AE3E005FDC64F6F3D96361C95">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="577">
The intraspecific shell variation in
<taxonomicName genus="R." lsidName="R. natalensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">R. natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very prominent (see Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Shells of species of the subgenera Radix s. str. and Exsertiana. A. Radix rubiginosa (Malaysia, Kuala-Lumpur; LMBI); B. R. rubiginosa (1846, Indonesia, Java Island, &quot; Batavia &quot;; ZMUC); C. R. rubiginosa var. intumescens (Indonesia, Java Island, Surabaya; ZMB); D. R. natalensis (= Limnaea undussumae) (Congo, Undussuma; ZMB). E. R. natalensis (= Limnaea arabica Smith; the holotype; NHMUK); F. R. natalensis f. gravieri (10.03.1966, Ethiopia, lower Avash valley, swamp between Assaita and Dubte; NHMUK). G. R. rufescens (24.11.2016, Myanmar, Yetho River, near the dam; LMBI); H. R. rufescens var. patula (India, Ganges River; ZMB); I. R. rufescens var. chlamys (India, Moradabad; probably syntype; NHMUK). Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, E, F), 5 mm (C, D, G, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.52860.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448270" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">6</figureCitation>
) that led some authors to split this species into several ones (
<bibRefCitation author="Germain, L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Muse ́ um National d'histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="179 - 186" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" refId="B38" refString="Germain, L, 1919. Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss. Bulletin du Muséum National d'histoire Naturelle 25: 179 - 186, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" title="Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" volume="25" year="1919">Germain 1919</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Mandahl-Barth, G" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" refId="B79" refString="Mandahl-Barth, G, 1954. The freshwater mollusks of Uganda and adjacent territories. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Serie in 8°, Sciences Zoologiques 32: 1-206." title="The freshwater mollusks of Uganda and adjacent territories. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Serie in 8 °, Sciences Zoologiques 32: 1 - 206." year="1954">Mandahl-Barth 1954</bibRefCitation>
). Another outcome of this enormous variation is a plethora of nominal species and variety of names proposed to designate the African
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Radix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radix" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="577">Radix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
snails. The synonymy given above represents a small part of this abundance of names (see
<bibRefCitation author="Germain, L" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Muse ́ um National d'histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="577" pagination="179 - 186" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" refId="B38" refString="Germain, L, 1919. Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss. Bulletin du Muséum National d'histoire Naturelle 25: 179 - 186, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" title="Sur les Limnees africaines appartenant au groupe du Limnaea [Radix] natalensis Krauss." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42968533" volume="25" year="1919">Germain 1919</bibRefCitation>
for a fuller list of these).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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