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<document id="DE197D6CEE1034464FA3393F764E0DE7" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5039.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5511344" ID-ZooBank="234D03A3-1AC7-442E-A8A5-784EB3EE4394" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1631775415293" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martin, Jennifer M. &amp; Hilton, Eric J." docDate="2021" docId="03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5039.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5039 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Trachypterus cristatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="335" masterDocId="FFDBE97AFF95FF8CC71834214805A858" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the family Trachipteridae (Acanthomorpha: Lampridiformes), with an emphasis on taxa distributed in the western Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="351" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="334" updateTime="1699414637596" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="517DF4826E7878A410859EA30C11FB73" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B97A17135FA6C7F15395E63113902E3C">
<mods:title id="57C429E1F66087E803BE401E29EB9FBB">A taxonomic review of the family Trachipteridae (Acanthomorpha: Lampridiformes), with an emphasis on taxa distributed in the western Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="73E875EDFD246565AD66CEA97CAEE937" type="personal">
<mods:role id="701F17A2ECEF6F7D09B903FA348E1C93">
<mods:roleTerm id="7CA32590CFE4B5934B8EBF3D094314BB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A837B34FBF70CF67D6C01D281744AD6C">Martin, Jennifer M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="62F66E69AFB2B1B5851C7D6CB447C160">Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William &amp; Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA Current address: Thomas Nelson Community College, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="669FB45BE24554EF1E4B33C1EBBDE535" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5DE30A13CAABFF093256B89680C2948E">
<mods:roleTerm id="927ACE7F6705747E18ACF298CF23EE35">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5FF9DB020FD2EFFF6FC05F80A9802B56">Hilton, Eric J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="27BC85F489D483631BAE77F55EADB512" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1742-3467</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="084B2480B56F6FDE6C84A77064C81AF6">Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William &amp; Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA Current address: Thomas Nelson Community College, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1742 - 3467</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="A0540CCE50261CA12C2FFDBD7FDA6DC9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9FA94D45E664DEC965854A6B49DC1543">
<mods:date id="D17996F4883D5B57DFD39145A341DD09">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="70291B90CC8239EE8493F63BD093FC6A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A9A1B2A285DE5D0FB0D6096C83F6DE39">2021-09-16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="66B6ACCDB9FCD5A6980CE9661AE5EDD0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="26EB08BFA50A43AAD8753BE26BF1B51E">5039</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="07DC3CD8E7C69D894ABC07D3D184F607" type="issue">
<mods:number id="F5BF51E9EE4F233D203D58A2D347A8A0">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="49C2BCBD9B8CE2D49C2F381C2BFB9F43">301</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="1BECBC7480692FC2784EC2F189D8014A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A0A90113BA9038D716213B1A95A6FB96" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5039.3.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5EC9FCDACF9A084E7A8500432F4CB598" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="132AD5D7D07C82F6E43D14BEC2D0A299" type="Zenodo-Dep">5511344</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F9D4788FF5E9A2E319FF979748454E3D" type="ZooBank">234D03A3-1AC7-442E-A8A5-784EB3EE4394</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<subSubSection id="C351739FFFB4FFADC78F366649D9AA38" box="[151,476,582,609]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF42014FFB4FFADC78F366649D9AA38" blockId="33.[151,476,582,644]" box="[151,476,582,609]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<heading id="D0BC9778FFB4FFADC78F366649D9AA38" bold="true" box="[151,476,582,609]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B5B97FFB4FFADC78F366649D9AA38" ID-CoL="57SGZ" authority="(Bonelli 1820)" baseAuthorityName="Bonelli" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[151,476,582,609]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trachipteridae" genus="Trachypterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lampriformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB4FFADC78F366649D9AA38" bold="true" box="[151,476,582,609]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB4FFADC78F3666492DAA38" bold="true" box="[151,296,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Zu cristatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA5DE5FFB4FFADC62F366749D1AA38" author="Bonelli, F. A." box="[311,468,582,608]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" pagination="485 - 494" refId="ref30805" refString="Bonelli, F. A. (1820) Description d'une nouvelle espece de poisson de la Mediterranee appartenant au genre Trachyptere avec des observations sur les caracteres de ce meme genre. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Sciene di Torino, 24 (8129), 485 - 494, pl. 9." type="journal article" year="1820">Bonelli 1820</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351739FFFB4FFADC78F364B4993AADC" box="[151,406,618,644]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF42014FFB4FFADC78F364B4993AADC" blockId="33.[151,476,582,644]" box="[151,406,618,644]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<figureCitation id="13703C91FFB4FFADC78F364B4910AADC" box="[151,277,618,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[167,1418,650,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-232@2.[151,1436,633,1942]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Illustrations of representatives of the three genera of Trachipteridae. A, Trachipterus fukuzakii (large juvenile). B, Zu cristatus (large juvenile). C, Desmodema polystictum (juvenile). Illustrations © Val Kells, used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5511352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5511352/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Figures 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13703C91FFB4FFADC639364B4941AADC" box="[289,324,618,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1665,1689]" captionTargetBox="[166,1424,193,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1642]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of adult representatives of the three genera of Trachipteridae. A, Trachipterus ishikawae Jordan &amp; Snyder, 1901; KPM-NI 48485; © Hiroshi Senou; obtained from http://fishpix.kahaku.go.jp. B, Zu cristatus (Bonelli, 1820); CSIRO H-6325-01; 1142 mm SL. C, Desmodema lorum Rosenblatt &amp; Butler 1977. Holotype; USNM 216726; 1098 mm SL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5511354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5511354/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13703C91FFB4FFADC648364B496BAADC" box="[336,366,618,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1138,1162]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,345,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-92@26.[156,1431,345,1115]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Zu cristatus (Bonelli 1820). AMS I.39622-001; 330 mm SL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5511384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5511384/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13703C91FFB4FFADC662364B4993AADC" box="[378,406,618,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,594,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-232@32.[213,1374,561,1700]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 22. Zu cristatus (Bonelli 1820). CSIRO H-6325-01; 1142 mm SL. A, Whole specimen, prior to fixation. B, Ventral view of pelvic “slits” (white arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5511396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5511396/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">22</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351739FFFB4FFADC78F368E4A92AA9F" box="[151,663,686,711]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BF42014FFB4FFADC78F368E4A92AA9F" blockId="33.[151,663,686,711]" box="[151,663,686,711]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB4FFADC78F368E491BAA9E" bold="true" box="[151,286,686,711]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Type species</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C4B5B97FFB4FFADC632368E4A92AA9F" ID-CoL="57SGZ" authority="Bonelli 1820" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1820" box="[298,663,687,711]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trachipteridae" genus="Trachypterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lampriformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB4FFADC632368E4A08AA9E" box="[298,525,687,711]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Trachypterus cristatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA5DE5FFB4FFADC50B368E4A92AA9F" author="Bonelli, F. A." box="[531,663,687,711]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" pagination="485 - 494" refId="ref30805" refString="Bonelli, F. A. (1820) Description d'une nouvelle espece de poisson de la Mediterranee appartenant au genre Trachyptere avec des observations sur les caracteres de ce meme genre. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Sciene di Torino, 24 (8129), 485 - 494, pl. 9." type="journal article" year="1820">Bonelli 1820</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351739FFFB4FFADC78F36D44A2DAC98" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF42014FFB4FFADC78F36D448ECAB6B" blockId="33.[151,1437,757,2043]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<materialsCitation id="3B232A49FFB4FFADC78F36D448ECAB6B" collectionCode="MZUT" county="Gulf of Spezia." location="Purchased" municipality="Port of Genoa" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB4FFADC78F36D4490EAB57" bold="true" box="[151,267,757,783]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<typeStatus id="54F09EB6FFB4FFADC78F36D44903AB57" box="[151,262,757,783]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED5AB8D1FFB4FFADC60D36D44961AB57" box="[277,356,757,783]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yjj8-is06" name="Museo e Instituto DI Zoologia Sistematica dell' UniversitaDI Torino" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">MZUT</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC67536D44A11AB57" box="[365,532,757,784]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1905899999999998" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="1190.59">1190. 590 mm</quantity>
SL.
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC55636D44AC4AB57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC55636D44AC4AB57" box="[590,705,757,783]" county="Gulf of Spezia." municipality="Port of Genoa" name="Purchased" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Purchased</location>
from a fisherman at the
<collectingMunicipality id="6B90BA6EFFB4FFADC4FC36D44C8CAB57" box="[996,1161,757,783]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Port of Genoa</collectingMunicipality>
, taken from the
<collectingCounty id="62955898FFB4FFADC25036D448ECAB6B" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Gulf of Spezia.</collectingCounty>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF42014FFB4FFADC7DF371C4A2DAC98" blockId="33.[151,1437,757,2043]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB4FFADC7DF371C49B3AB0F" bold="true" box="[199,438,829,855]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Material Examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB4FFADC6A4371C4B57AB0F" box="[444,850,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<taxonomicName id="4C4B5B97FFB4FFADC6A4371C4A99AB0F" authorityName="Jordan &amp; Snyder" authorityYear="1901" box="[444,668,829,855]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trachipteridae" genus="Trachypterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lampriformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ijimae">Trachypterus ijimae</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C4B5B97FFB4FFADC5DD371F4B4FAB0F" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1820" box="[709,842,829,855]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trachipteridae" genus="Trachypterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lampriformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">Zu cristatus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B232A49FFB4FFADC441371C4C10AC77" collectionCode="NSMT" country="Japan" county="Pacific" location="Pacific" municipality="Bay" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" specimenCode="P 590" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="ED5AB8D1FFB4FFADC441371C4BA3AB0F" box="[857,934,829,855]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">NSMT</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBED886FFFB4FFADC4B5371C4BEEAB00" box="[941,1003,829,856]" collectionCode="NSMT" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">P 590</specimenCode>
(
<typeStatus id="54F09EB6FFB4FFADC4E1371C4C5AAB0F" box="[1017,1119,829,855]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC372371C4CC2AB0F" box="[1130,1223,829,855]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="137.0">137 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCounty id="62955898FFB4FFADC3E2371C4D4EAB0F" box="[1274,1355,829,855]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Pacific</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C6084FFB4FFADC24D371C4D9DAB0F" box="[1365,1432,829,855]" name="Japan" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Tokyo
<collectingMunicipality id="6B90BA6EFFB4FFADC7F03740491CAB23" box="[232,281,865,891]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Bay</collectingMunicipality>
); AMS I.17877-022 (
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC50837404A74AB23" box="[528,625,865,891]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.04" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="304.0">304 mm</quantity>
SL,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC5B437404AF8AB23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC5B437404AF8AB23" box="[684,765,865,891]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Pacific" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Pacific</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C6084FFB4FFADC41137404B76AB23" box="[777,883,865,891]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498FEEF6FFB4FFADC49837404C55AB23" box="[896,1104,865,891]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC34537404CB3AB24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC34537404CB3AB24" box="[1117,1206,865,892]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Sydney" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Sydney</location>
); AMS I.27499-001 (
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC78737A448F0ABC7" box="[159,245,901,927]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="211.0">211mm</quantity>
SL,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC62937A44987ABC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC62937A44987ABC7" box="[305,386,901,927]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Pacific" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Pacific</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C6084FFB4FFADC69637A449FDABC7" box="[398,504,901,927]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498FEEF6FFB4FFADC51D37A44A89ABC7" box="[517,652,901,927]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC58237A44B52ABF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC58237A44B52ABF8" box="[666,855,901,928]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Hamilton Island" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Hamilton Island</location>
); AMS I.36042-001 (
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC34937A44C90ABC7" box="[1105,1173,901,927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
TL,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC3C937A44D27ABC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC3C937A44D27ABC7" box="[1233,1314,901,927]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Pacific" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Pacific</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C6084FFB4FFADC23737A44D9CABC7" box="[1327,1433,901,927]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498FEEF6FFB4FFADC78F3788491BAB9B" box="[151,286,937,963]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC635378849C0AB9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC635378849C0AB9C" box="[301,453,937,964]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Osprey Atoll" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Osprey Atoll</location>
); AMS I.36044-001 (
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC5DA37884B02AB9B" box="[706,775,937,964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
TL,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC45D37884B93AB9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC45D37884B93AB9B" box="[837,918,937,963]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Pacific" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Pacific</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C6084FFB4FFADC4BB37884C08AB9B" box="[931,1037,937,963]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498FEEF6FFB4FFADC30337884CA7AB9B" box="[1051,1186,937,963]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC3A937884D4FAB9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC3A937884D4FAB9C" box="[1201,1354,937,964]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Osprey Atoll" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Osprey Atoll</location>
); AMS I.38598-003 (
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC62837EC498AABBF" box="[304,399,973,999]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="310.0">310 mm</quantity>
SL,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC6DC37EC4A10ABBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC6DC37EC4A10ABBF" box="[452,533,973,999]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Pacific" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Pacific</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C6084FFB4FFADC50737EC4A8CABBF" box="[543,649,973,999]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498FEEF6FFB4FFADC58C37EC4B5AABBF" box="[660,863,973,999]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC47237EC4BC6ABB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC47237EC4BC6ABB0" box="[874,963,973,1000]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Sydney" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Sydney</location>
); AMS I.39622-001 (
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC3AB37EC4D17ABBF" box="[1203,1298,973,999]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="330.0">330 mm</quantity>
SL,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC25F37EC4D9DABBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC25F37EC4D9DABBF" box="[1351,1432,973,999]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Pacific" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Pacific</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C6084FFB4FFADC78F37D04904AC53" box="[151,257,1009,1035]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498FEEF6FFB4FFADC61337D049D1AC53" box="[267,468,1009,1035]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC6C437D04A89AC54" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC6C437D04A89AC54" box="[476,652,1009,1036]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Angourie Point" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Angourie Point</location>
); AMS I.42086-005 (
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC46537D04BC9AC53" box="[893,972,1009,1036]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
SL,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC31837D04C54AC53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC31837D04C54AC53" box="[1024,1105,1009,1035]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Pacific" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Pacific</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C6084FFB4FFADC34137D04CC6AC53" box="[1113,1219,1009,1035]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498FEEF6FFB4FFADC3D537D04D51AC53" box="[1229,1364,1009,1035]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC24637D048C1AC77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC24637D048C1AC77" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Coral Sea" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Coral Sea</location>
); AMS I.42452-018 (
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC6AC30344A01AC77" box="[436,516,1045,1071]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
SL,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC52230344A8EAC77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC52230344A8EAC77" box="[570,651,1045,1071]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Pacific" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Pacific</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C6084FFB4FFADC58C30344AFBAC77" box="[660,766,1045,1071]" name="Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498FEEF6FFB4FFADC41130344B95AC77" box="[777,912,1045,1071]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC48330344C08AC77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC48330344C08AC77" box="[923,1037,1045,1071]" country="Japan" county="Pacific" municipality="Bay" name="Coral Sea" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" stateProvince="New South Wales">Coral Sea</location>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B232A49FFB4FFADC33930344985AC0C" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Pacific" country="Philippines" location="Philippines" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" specimenCode="BMNH 1887.12" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBED886FFFB4FFADC33930344CDFAC77" box="[1057,1242,1045,1071]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">BMNH 1887.12</specimenCode>
.7.21 (
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC20630344D6BAC77" box="[1310,1390,1045,1071]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectorName id="26BE45C2FFB4FFADC78F301848EDAC0B" box="[151,232,1081,1107]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Pacific</collectorName>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C6084FFB4FFADC7ED3018497DAC0C" box="[245,376,1081,1108]" name="Philippines" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Philippines</collectingCountry>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B232A49FFB4FFADC69530184B83AC0C" box="[397,902,1081,1108]" collectionCode="HUMZ" collectorName="Pacific &amp; Taiwan" country="Philippines" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" specimenCode="HUMZ 3045" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBED886FFFB4FFADC69530184A25AC0C" box="[397,544,1081,1108]" collectionCode="HUMZ" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8gr0-wfn9" name="Hokkaido University, Laboratory of Marine Zoology" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">HUMZ 3045</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC52930184A94AC0B" box="[561,657,1081,1107]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="197.0">197 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectorName id="26BE45C2FFB4FFADC5D230184B1EAC0B" box="[714,795,1081,1107]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Pacific</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26BE45C2FFB4FFADC43F30184B7BAC0C" box="[807,894,1081,1108]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Taiwan</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<collectionCode id="ED5AB8D1FFB4FFADC48B30184BE0AC0B" box="[915,997,1081,1107]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8gr0-wfn9" name="Hokkaido University, Laboratory of Marine Zoology" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">HUMZ</collectionCode>
unregistered (
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC39230184CEFAC0B" box="[1162,1258,1081,1107]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.72" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="872.0">872 mm</quantity>
SL, unknown);
<materialsCitation id="3B232A49FFB4FFADC78F307C4B84AC20" box="[151,897,1117,1144]" country="Japan" location="Ogasawara Islands" municipality="Pacific" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" specimenCode="KPM-NI0023199" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBED886FFFB4FFADC78F307C4958AC2F" box="[151,349,1117,1143]" collectionCode="KPM-NI" country="Japan" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35223" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35223" name="Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">KPM-NI0023199</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC675307C49BBAC2F" box="[365,446,1117,1143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B90BA6EFFB4FFADC6ED307C4A43AC2F" box="[501,582,1117,1143]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Pacific</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F35C6084FFB4FFADC54A307C4A90AC2F" box="[594,661,1117,1143]" name="Japan" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC5B9307C4B7CAC20" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC5B9307C4B7CAC20" box="[673,889,1117,1144]" country="Japan" municipality="Pacific" name="Ogasawara Islands" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Ogasawara Islands</location>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B232A49FFB4FFADC495307C4D9DAC20" accessionNumber="MCZ 59320" box="[909,1432,1117,1144]" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="Atlantic &amp; Caribbean" country="Japan" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="ED5AB8D1FFB4FFADC495307C4BCFAC2F" box="[909,970,1117,1143]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
59320 (
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC330307C4C7CAC2F" box="[1064,1145,1117,1143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="49.0">49 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectorName id="26BE45C2FFB4FFADC3B7307C4D09AC2F" box="[1199,1292,1117,1143]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Atlantic</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26BE45C2FFB4FFADC200307C4D95AC20" box="[1304,1424,1117,1144]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Caribbean</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B232A49FFB4FFADC78F30A04A6DACC4" box="[151,616,1153,1180]" collectionCode="NW" collectorName="Atlantic" country="Japan" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" specimenCode="MCZ 157795" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBED886FFFB4FFADC78F30A04935ACC4" box="[151,304,1153,1180]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="Museum">MCZ 157795</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC65A30A04996ACC3" box="[322,403,1153,1179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectionCode id="ED5AB8D1FFB4FFADC6D330A049FCACC3" box="[459,505,1153,1179]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">NW</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="26BE45C2FFB4FFADC51830A04A5AACC4" box="[512,607,1153,1180]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Atlantic</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B232A49FFB4FFADC56C30A04A18AC98" collectionCode="VIMS" collectorName="Atlantic &amp; Mediterranean &amp; Adriatic &amp; Dalmatia" country="Japan" location="Gulf of Mexico" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" specimenCode="VIMS 40937" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="DBED886FFFB4FFADC56C30A04B0DACC3" box="[628,776,1153,1179]" collectionCode="VIMS" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a6xx-dd75" name="Virginia Institute of Marine Science" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">VIMS 40937</specimenCode>
(
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC40130A04B7CACC3" box="[793,889,1153,1179]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.71" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="271.0">271 mm</quantity>
SL,
<location id="8E9476CFFFB4FFADC4A930A04C6DACC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E29102FFB4FFAEC78F36664B93AA41:8E9476CFFFB4FFADC4A930A04C6DACC4" box="[945,1128,1153,1180]" country="Japan" name="Gulf of Mexico" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Gulf of Mexico</location>
); NPM K l/d2998
<collectorName id="26BE45C2FFB4FFADC22330A04D9DACC3" box="[1339,1432,1153,1179]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Atlantic</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26BE45C2FFB4FFADC78F30844938ACE7" box="[151,317,1189,1215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Mediterranean</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26BE45C2FFB4FFADC65F308449A3ACE7" box="[327,422,1189,1215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Adriatic</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26BE45C2FFB4FFADC6A930844A18AC98" box="[433,541,1189,1216]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Dalmatia</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351739FFFB4FFADC7DF30E84ABBAD87" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF42014FFB4FFADC7DF30E84ABBAD87" blockId="33.[151,1437,757,2043]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB4FFADC7DF30E84941ACBB" bold="true" box="[199,324,1225,1251]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Dorsal-fin rays 120–151 total (135–145 most common), six most anterior in juveniles more robust and elongate than others; pectoral-fin rays 10–12, first element short and stout; pelvic-fin rays 6–7, first short and stout, elongate in juveniles, reduced to only bony base in adults; caudal-fin rays 10–12, dorsal lobe with 8–9 rays, ventral lobe with 2–3 rays, ventral lobe greatly reduced in adults. Gill rakers 2–3 + 8–9. Lateral-line plates 96–106. Vertebrae: 63–69 total, 22–24 precaudal, 32–33 preanal. SVL 40.6–50.1% SL (43.1–54.9 % in specimens from
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC7CD315C496AADCF" box="[213,367,1405,1431]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" metricValueMax="2.48" metricValueMin="1.3699999999999999" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="192.5" valueMax="248.0" valueMin="137.0">137–248 mm</quantity>
); body depth 19.7 –21 % SL (decreasing with increasing SL); eye diameter 5.1–7.2 % SV, eye diameter 1.5–2.0 in length of lower jaw. Premaxilla with 9–21 teeth, 10 on dentary; vomer with 1–4 teeth in adult; palatine teeth present (up to 3 on each) or absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351739FFFB4FFADC7DF31C84CCCAFD7" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF42014FFB4FFADC7DF31C84B65AE37" blockId="33.[151,1437,757,2043]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB4FFADC7DF31C8493EAE5B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1513,1539]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Remarks.</emphasis>
In juveniles, the three fleshy lobes present on the ventral midline (i.e., the scalloped ventral margin) between the pelvic-fin base and the anus are smooth (
<figureCitation id="13703C91FFB4FFADC436322C4B86AE7F" box="[814,899,1549,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1138,1162]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,345,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-92@26.[156,1431,345,1115]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 18. Zu cristatus (Bonelli 1820). AMS I.39622-001; 330 mm SL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5511384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5511384/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). The post-anal ventral constriction is abrupt in juveniles and the orientation of the lateral line runs straight from its origin to the point of ventral constriction just posterior to the anus, at which point it joins the ventral midline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF42014FFB4FFADC7DF32584CCCAFD7" blockId="33.[151,1437,757,2043]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
The presence of deciduous cycloid scales was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA5DE5FFB4FFADC47732584C01AECB" author="Bolin, R. L." box="[879,1028,1657,1683]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" pagination="35 - 36" refId="ref30771" refString="Bolin, R. L. (1933) New fish records from southern California. Copeia, 1, 35 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1436190" type="journal article" year="1933">Bolin (1933)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA5DE5FFB4FFADC30A32584CD3AECC" author="Tortonese, E." box="[1042,1238,1657,1684]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref35559" refString="Tortonese, E. (1958) Cattura di Trachypterus cristatus Bon. e note sui Trachypteridae del mare Ligure. Doriana, II (89), 1 - 5. [in Italian]" type="journal article" year="1958">Tortonese (1958)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA5DE5FFB4FFADC3FD325848E1AEE0" author="Walters, V. &amp; Fitch, J. E." pageId="33" pageNumber="334" pagination="441 - 451" refId="ref35848" refString="Walters, V. &amp; Fitch, J. E. (1960) The families and genera of the Lampridiform (Allotriognath) suborder Trachipteroidei. California Fish and Game, 46 (4), 441 - 451. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1439670" type="journal article" year="1960">Walters &amp; Fitch (1960)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA5DE5FFB4FFADC7E832BC4996AEE0" author="Palmer, G." box="[240,403,1693,1720]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" pagination="335 - 351" refId="ref34014" refString="Palmer, G. (1961) The dealfishes (Trachipteridae) of the Mediterranean and north-east Atlantic. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology, 7, 335 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 314163" type="journal article" year="1961">Palmer (1961)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA5DE5FFB4FFADC6D632BC4A59AEE0" author="Fitch, J. E." box="[462,604,1693,1720]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" pagination="228 - 240" refId="ref31476" refString="Fitch, J. E. (1964) The ribbonfishes (family Trachipteridae) of the eastern Pacific Ocean, with a description of a new species. California Fish and Game, 50, 228 - 240." type="journal article" year="1964">Fitch (1964)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA5DE5FFB4FFADC57F32BC4B9FAEEF" author="Rosenblatt, R. H. &amp; Butler, J. L." box="[615,922,1693,1719]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" pagination="843 - 855" refId="ref34775" refString="Rosenblatt, R. H. &amp; Butler, J. L. (1977) The ribbonfish genus Desmodema, with the description of a new species (Pisces, Trachipteridae). Fishery Bulletin, 75 (4), 843 - 855." type="journal article" year="1977">Rosenblatt &amp; Butler (1977)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that there were no scales present on their
<specimenCount id="9D4DEB9DFFB4FFADC7CB32E0498CAE83" box="[211,393,1729,1755]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
of
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB4FFADC6A932E349CAAE83" box="[433,463,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Zu</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA5DE5FFB4FFADC6C732E04B51AE83" author="Heemstra, P. C. &amp; Kannemeyer, S. X." box="[479,852,1729,1755]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" pagination="13 - 39" refId="ref32246" refString="Heemstra, P. C. &amp; Kannemeyer, S. X. (1984) The families Trachipteridae and Radiicephalidae (Pisces, Lampridiformes) and a new species of Zu from South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 94 (2), 13 - 39." type="journal article" year="1984">Heemstra &amp; Kannemeyer (1984)</bibRefCitation>
suggested squamation over the entire body and reported the presence of only scale pockets on adults, except near the tail. On all adult specimens examined here there are thin delicate scales present in the caudal region that can appear as shiny patches and scale pockets are present across trunk. One adult specimen (HUMZ unregistered,
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB4FFADC40F330C4B73AF1F" box="[791,886,1837,1863]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.72" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="872.0">872 mm</quantity>
SL) was covered in delicate, imbricated cycloid scales throughout the body, but scales were absent in the head region. Each scale on the trunk overlapped multiple skin tubercles. In juveniles, scales typically persist along the lateral line and onto the caudal fin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351739FFFB4FFAEC7DF33B84B93AA41" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF42014FFB4FFADC7DF33B84B5EAFEB" blockId="33.[151,1437,757,2043]" box="[199,859,1945,1971]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB4FFADC7DF33B84966AFEB" bold="true" box="[199,355,1945,1971]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Distribution:</emphasis>
Worldwide in tropical and temperate waters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF42014FFB4FFAEC7DF339C4BF4A946" blockId="33.[151,1437,757,2043]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1436,150,537]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB4FFADC7DF339C4929AF8F" bold="true" box="[199,300,1981,2007]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Habitat:</emphasis>
It appears there is an ontogenetic shift in habitat. There is a trend of increasing collection depth and distance from shore with increasing length.Adult specimens are rarely collected in bottom trawls or long-lines ranging in depth from roughly
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB7FFAEC6DA34B74A4DA8E9" box="[450,584,150,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" unit="m" value="675.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="150.0">150–1200m</quantity>
(to
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB7FFAEC56E34B64AB3A8E9" box="[630,694,151,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" unit="m" value="400.0">400m</quantity>
in the Mediterranean and to
<quantity id="4CB38DF1FFB7FFAEC4E534B64C57A8E9" box="[1021,1106,151,177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
in the
<collectingRegion id="498FEEF6FFB7FFAEC3B834B64CF2A8E9" box="[1184,1271,151,177]" country="New Zealand" name="Tasman" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Tasman</collectingRegion>
Sea). Juvenile specimens are found in more nearshore, midwater habitats. Although rare, early juveniles have been photographed on coral reefs in all oceans (
<figureCitation id="13703C91FFB7FFAEC6C934FE4A35A8A1" box="[465,560,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE20" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1981,2005]" captionTargetBox="[302,1285,885,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-392@27.[302,1285,885,1958]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE20.Zusp.Live specimen(notcollected)photographedinMallorca,Spain.©MichaelMakowiecki,used withpermission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5511388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5511388/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13703C91FFB7FFAEC52334FE4A5FA8A1" box="[571,602,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE21" captionStartId="28.[151,250,2008,2032]" captionTargetBox="[216,1371,417,1985]" captionTargetId="figure-163@28.[216,1371,417,1985]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE21.Zusp.Livespecimen(notcollected)photographedinNusaPenida,Indonesia.©HelenMitchell,usedwithpermission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5511392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5511392/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">21</figureCitation>
). Eggs and larvae are planktonic and not uncommon in long-term ichthyoplankton surveys (e.g., Great Barrier Reef, Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="498FEEF6FFB7FFAEC5CB35224B2EA945" box="[723,811,259,285]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Mexico</collectingRegion>
, Eastern Pacific).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF42014FFB7FFAEC7DF35074B93AA41" blockId="34.[151,1436,150,537]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB7FFAEC7DF350749D9A918" bold="true" box="[199,476,294,320]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Geographic variability.</emphasis>
While revising the
<taxonomicName id="4C4B5B97FFB7FFAEC5AF35064B5CA919" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" box="[695,857,295,321]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trachipteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lampriformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Trachipteridae</taxonomicName>
of the Mediterranean and Northeast Atlantic, Palm- er (1961) reported that the first five dorsal-fin rays of
<taxonomicName id="4C4B5B97FFB7FFAEC419356A4B85A93C" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1820" box="[769,896,331,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trachipteridae" genus="Trachypterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lampriformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="B93FFC06FFB7FFAEC419356A4B85A93C" box="[769,896,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Z. cristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are elongate. However, this is in contrast to all other reported values from all oceans, including the Mediterranean and Northeast Atlantic. In all specimens examined here, the first six dorsal rays are elongate in larvae and juveniles, and persist as the nuchal pennant which is separated from the remaining dorsal-fin rays in adults. There does not appear to be any geographic variation in this character. However, specimens from the Eastern Pacific Ocean tend to have slightly fewer total dorsal-fin rays (6 + 132–138) than those from the Western Pacific Ocean (6 + 137–145).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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