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<document id="C2D6D307E7E40A7DB16672C8A6B0133B" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4185.1.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4185.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="11620862-ddcf-4c01-b0d9-32867e03d74b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="165530" ID-ZooBank="0D054EDD-9CDC-4D16-A8B2-F1EBBDAD6E09" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1478590872060" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arai, Hisao P. &amp; Smith, John W." docDate="2016" docId="038FB248FFC9FFCC89B9C08825739890" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4185.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4185 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="123" masterDocId="FFB6CA30FFB1FFB6892EC613204A9E70" masterDocTitle="Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="121" updateTime="1698392632899" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="EFB56834A4ABAD31481BF0426352D61E">Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="08651508664C8CD9344CDAAF469FCED3">Arai, Hisao P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B88B4116E88C0C2263C9E247F344C9DF">Smith, John W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="77DD29C5010DC6E329B0D5F1B213CEC5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="01211D748124FFDBD46F1B1D9F30B387">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038FB248FFC9FFCC89B9C08825739890" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5626883" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124624541" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5626883" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038FB248FFC9FFCC89B9C08825739890" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038FB248FFC9FFCC89B9C08825739890" lastPageId="122" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<subSubSection id="C33C50D5FFC9FFCE89B9C088222A9889" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFC9FFCE89B9C08823EE98C5" blockId="120.[151,932,1691,1717]" box="[151,932,1691,1717]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<heading id="D0D1B432FFC9FFCE89B9C08823EE98C5" bold="true" box="[151,932,1691,1717]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFC9FFCE89B9C08823EE98C5" bold="true" box="[151,932,1691,1717]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
*
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFC9FFCE898BC088235A98C5" authority="(Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin, 1845" authorityName="(Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin" authorityYear="1845" box="[165,784,1691,1717]" class="Secernentea" family="Anisakidae" genus="Anisakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFC9FFCE898BC088213898C5" bold="true" box="[165,370,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Anisakis simplex</emphasis>
(Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin, 1845
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFC9FFCE8A0EC08823D398C5" bold="true" box="[800,921,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">sensu lato</emphasis>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFC9FFCE89B9C0F2222A9889" blockId="120.[151,1436,1761,2038]" box="[151,608,1761,1786]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
Includes *
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFC9FFCE8825C0F2218D988A" box="[267,455,1761,1786]" class="Secernentea" family="Anisakidae" genus="Anisakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFC9FFCE8825C0F2218D988A" box="[267,455,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Anisakis simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B and C
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFC9FFCE8B1EC0F1222A9889" box="[560,608,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">auct</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C50D5FFC9FFCC89B9C11625739890" lastPageId="122" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFC9FFCF89B9C11621EA9F30" blockId="120.[151,1436,1761,2038]" lastBlockId="121.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="121" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
Description (after Beverley-Burton
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFC9FFCE8B18C1152239996E" box="[566,627,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
1977,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFC9FFCE8BE7C11523D6996E" author="Smith" box="[713,924,1797,1822]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refString="Smith, J. W. (1983) Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809, det. Krabbe, 1878) (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea): morphology and morphometry of larvae from euphausiids and fish, and a review of the life-history and ecology. Journal of Helminthology, 57, 205 - 224. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0022149 x 00009512" type="journal article" year="1983">J. W. Smith 1983</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFC9FFCE8ACEC1152504996E" author="Smith" box="[992,1358,1797,1822]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refString="Smith, J. W. &amp; Wootten, R. (1984 b) Anisakis larvae (&quot; herringworm &quot;) (Nematoda). Fiche 8. In: Fiches d'Identification des Maladies et Parasites des Poissons, Crustaces et Mollusques. Sindermann, C. J. (Ed.). Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, Copenhagen." type="book chapter" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">J. W. Smith &amp; Wootten 1984b</bibRefCitation>
). With characteristics of the genus. Off-white in colour, L3 lie in capsules coiled like a watch-spring. From 8.8 to over 30 long. Cuticle usually transversely striated near anterior and posterior extremities. Mouth triangular with bilobed dorsal lip and two bilobed ventro-lateral lips, each lip with pair of indistinct papillae. Anteroventrally projecting boring tooth located ventral to mouth (
<figureCitation id="131D1FDBFFC9FFCE8B61C18622EE99DE" box="[591,676,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="121.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[397,1196,384,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@121.[383,1204,375,1864]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="FIGURE 73. * Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin, 1845 (sensu lato). A. L 3, anterior end, lateral view; B. L 3, head, sagittal view; C. L 3, head, en face view D. L 3, tail, lateral view. (A. and D. redrawn from J. W. Smith &amp; Wootten 1984 b; B. and C. redrawn from Beverley-Burton et al. 1977)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165589/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
A,B,C). Excretory pore between ventro-lateral lips with single duct passing up from excretory cell (
<figureCitation id="131D1FDBFFC9FFCE8B26C1AA221499A2" box="[520,606,1977,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="121.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[397,1196,384,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@121.[383,1204,375,1864]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="FIGURE 73. * Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin, 1845 (sensu lato). A. L 3, anterior end, lateral view; B. L 3, head, sagittal view; C. L 3, head, en face view D. L 3, tail, lateral view. (A. and D. redrawn from J. W. Smith &amp; Wootten 1984 b; B. and C. redrawn from Beverley-Burton et al. 1977)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165589/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
A,B). Dorsal oesophageal gland extends just anterior to nerve ring. Two small ventro-lateral glands near posterior end of oesophagus. Oesophagus comprises preventriculus and ventriculus. Ventral side of ventriculus slightly longer than dorsal side (
<figureCitation id="131D1FDBFFC8FFCF8AF7C68424659EC0" box="[985,1071,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="121.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[397,1196,384,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@121.[383,1204,375,1864]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="FIGURE 73. * Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin, 1845 (sensu lato). A. L 3, anterior end, lateral view; B. L 3, head, sagittal view; C. L 3, head, en face view D. L 3, tail, lateral view. (A. and D. redrawn from J. W. Smith &amp; Wootten 1984 b; B. and C. redrawn from Beverley-Burton et al. 1977)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165589/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
A). Intestinal-rectal valve short, lined externally by four epithelial cells. Three rectal glands, two dorsal and one ventral. Tail rounded with retractable mucron (
<figureCitation id="131D1FDBFFC8FFCF8857C6CC21819E88" box="[377,459,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="121.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[397,1196,384,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@121.[383,1204,375,1864]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="FIGURE 73. * Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin, 1845 (sensu lato). A. L 3, anterior end, lateral view; B. L 3, head, sagittal view; C. L 3, head, en face view D. L 3, tail, lateral view. (A. and D. redrawn from J. W. Smith &amp; Wootten 1984 b; B. and C. redrawn from Beverley-Burton et al. 1977)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165589/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
D). Length of preventriculus and ventriculus linearly related to total body length. Mean length of thirty L3 from one fish host was 22.6 (range 18.0–22.9), mean preventriculus length 1.94, and mean ventriculus length 0.89.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5953D6FFC8FFCF89B9C173222399C4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/165589/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" targetBox="[397,1196,384,1858]" targetPageId="121">
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFC8FFCF89B9C173222399C4" blockId="121.[151,1436,1888,1972]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFC8FFCF89B9C173216A9906" bold="true" box="[151,288,1888,1910]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">FIGURE 73.</emphasis>
*
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFC8FFCF8814C17323739906" authority="(Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin, 1845" authorityName="(Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin" authorityYear="1845" box="[314,825,1888,1910]" class="Secernentea" family="Anisakidae" genus="Anisakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ascaridida" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFC8FFCF8814C17321DA9906" box="[314,400,1888,1910]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Anisakis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFC8FFCF88B8C17321A99906" box="[406,483,1888,1910]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">simplex</emphasis>
(Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin, 1845
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFC8FFCF8A66C17123E49906" box="[840,942,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">sensu lato</emphasis>
). A. L3, anterior end, lateral view; B. L3, head, sagittal view; C. L3, head,
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFC8FFCF888BC19321A799E5" box="[421,493,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">en face</emphasis>
view D. L3, tail, lateral view. (A. and D. redrawn from J. W. Smith &amp; Wootten 1984b; B. and C. redrawn from Beverley-Burton
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFC8FFCF88DBC18C226899C4" box="[501,546,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">et al</emphasis>
. 1977)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFCBFFCC89B9C684230F9EC0" blockId="122.[151,1436,151,1760]" box="[151,837,151,176]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Sites: body cavity, alimentary tract, mesenteries, musculature</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFCBFFCC89B9C6AE20BF9D2D" blockId="122.[151,1436,151,1760]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
Hosts:
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC89C4C6AF22419EA4" box="[234,523,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acipenseridae" genus="Acipenser" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acipenseriformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transmontanus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC89C4C6AF22419EA4" box="[234,523,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Acipenser transmontanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(33);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8B76C6AF23479EA5" box="[600,781,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clupeidae" genus="Alosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aestivalis">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8B76C6AF23479EA5" box="[600,781,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Alosa aestivalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(57);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8A74C6AF24109EA5" box="[858,1114,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clupeidae" genus="Alosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoharengus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8A74C6AF24109EA5" box="[858,1114,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Alosa pseudoharengus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(6, 57);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8DE6C6AF25D19EA5" box="[1224,1435,188,213]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Amblyraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiata">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8DE6C6AF25D19EA5" box="[1224,1435,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Amblyraja radiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(49);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8828C6CC21969E88" box="[262,476,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ammodytidae" genus="Ammodytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8828C6CC21969E88" box="[262,476,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Ammodytes dubius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(28, 49);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8B7EC6F322B19E88" box="[592,763,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Argentinidae" genus="Argentina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="silus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8B7EC6F322B19E88" box="[592,763,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Argentina silus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(49);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8A6BC6CC246F9E88" box="[837,1061,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pleuronectidae" genus="Atheresthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stomias">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8A6BC6CC246F9E88" box="[837,1061,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Atheresthes stomias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(76);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8D40C6CC25709E88" box="[1134,1338,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Boreogadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saida">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8D40C6CC25709E88" box="[1134,1338,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Boreogadus saida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(70, 73, 83);
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC89D4C71621EC9F6D" box="[250,422,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Brosme brosme</emphasis>
(49);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC88C4C71722E29F6D" box="[490,680,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clupeidae" genus="Clupea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harengus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC88C4C71722E29F6D" box="[490,680,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Clupea harengus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2, 4, 6, 7, 19, 25, 30, 32, 34, 35, 41, 54, 65, 68, 70, 72, 74);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8C65C71721599F30" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clupeidae" genus="Clupea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallasi">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8C65C71721599F30" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Clupea pallasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(8, 11, 12, 13, 73);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC88D4C73B22B89F30" box="[506,754,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huntsmani">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC88D4C73B22B89F30" box="[506,754,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Coregonus huntsmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(83);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8A17C73424509F30" box="[825,1050,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyclopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lumpus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8A17C73424509F30" box="[825,1050,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Cyclopterus lumpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(49);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8D4FC73425179F30" box="[1121,1373,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Gadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8D4FC73425179F30" box="[1121,1373,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Gadus macrocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(74);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC89E9C75F21259F15" box="[199,367,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Gadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morhua">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC89E9C75F21259F15" box="[199,367,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Gadus morhua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(17, 27, 28, 29, 36, 41, 42, 48, 49, 55, 60, 61, 64, 70, 73, 80, 82);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8D4DC75F25149F15" box="[1123,1374,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Gadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8D4DC75F25149F15" box="[1123,1374,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Gadus macrocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(65);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC89E9C77C22589FF8" box="[199,530,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pleuronectidae" genus="Glyptocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cynoglossus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC89E9C77C22589FF8" box="[199,530,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Glyptocephalus cynoglossus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(28, 36, 49, 65);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8A39C76224019FF8" box="[791,1099,369,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hemitripteridae" genus="Hemitripterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8A39C76224019FF8" box="[791,1099,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Hemitripterus americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(49, 65);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8DCFC77C211A9FDD" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pleuronectidae" genus="Hippoglossoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platessoides">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8DCFC77C211A9FDD" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Hippoglossoides platessoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(28, 31, 36, 40, 63, 64);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8B4BC78723DD9FDD" box="[613,919,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pleuronectidae" genus="Hippoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hippoglossus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8B4BC78723DD9FDD" box="[613,919,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Hippoglossus hippoglossus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(36, 49, 74);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8D01C78725759FDD" box="[1071,1343,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pleuronectidae" genus="Hippoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenolepis">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8D01C78725759FDD" box="[1071,1343,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Hippoglossus stenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(67, 71, 78);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC89D5C7A421AD9FA0" box="[251,487,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pleuronectidae" genus="Limanda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC89D5C7A421AD9FA0" box="[251,487,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Limanda ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(36, 49, 63, 65);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8B84C7A423C59FA0" box="[682,911,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lophiidae" genus="Lophius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophiiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8B84C7A423C59FA0" box="[682,911,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Lophius americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(49);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8AFDC7A424649FA0" box="[979,1070,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Zoarcidae" genus="Lycodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8AFDC7A424649FA0" box="[979,1070,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Lycodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (65);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8D86C7A425229FA0" box="[1192,1384,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osmeridae" genus="Mallotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8D86C7A425229FA0" box="[1192,1384,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Mallotus villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(26, 37, 62, 65, 72);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8853C7CF22FC9F85" box="[381,694,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Melanogrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aeglefinus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8853C7CF22FC9F85" box="[381,694,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Melanogrammus aeglefinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(36, 49);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8A09C7CF24539F85" box="[807,1049,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Merlucciidae" genus="Merluccius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilinearis">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8A09C7CF24539F85" box="[807,1049,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Merluccius bilinearis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(6, 36, 65);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8D89C7CF25D69F85" box="[1191,1436,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Merlucciidae" genus="Merluccius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="productus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8D89C7CF25D69F85" box="[1191,1436,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Merluccius productus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(5, 22);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC880DC7EC224E9C68" box="[291,516,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Microgadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tomcod">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC880DC7EC224E9C68" box="[291,516,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Microgadus tomcod</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(83);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8B62C7EC23979C68" box="[588,989,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Myoxocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="octodecemspinosus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8B62C7EC23979C68" box="[588,989,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(65, 83);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8D61C7EC252D9C68" box="[1103,1383,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cottidae" genus="Myoxocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scorpius">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8D61C7EC252D9C68" box="[1103,1383,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Myoxocephalus scorpius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(65, 83);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC89D1C43621F29C4D" box="[255,440,548,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Nezumia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bairdii">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC89D1C43621F29C4D" box="[255,440,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Nezumia bairdii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(65);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8B28C43723609C4D" box="[518,810,548,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Oncorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorbuscha">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8B28C43723609C4D" box="[518,810,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(74);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8A56C437241F9C4D" box="[888,1109,548,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Oncorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keta">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8A56C437241F9C4D" box="[888,1109,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Oncorhynchus keta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(74);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8D8DC43725D69C4D" box="[1187,1436,548,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Oncorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mykiss">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8D8DC43725D69C4D" box="[1187,1436,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Oncorhynchus mykiss</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(24);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8828C45422709C10" box="[262,570,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Oncorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tshawytscha">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8828C45422709C10" box="[262,570,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(75);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8BACC45423229C10" box="[642,872,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Stromateidae" genus="Peprilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triacanthus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8BACC45423229C10" box="[642,872,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Peprilus triacanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(49);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8A9EC45424169C10" box="[944,1116,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phycidae" genus="Phycis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chesteri">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8A9EC45424169C10" box="[944,1116,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Phycis chesteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(49);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8D8DC454252D9C10" box="[1187,1383,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Pollachius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8D8DC454252D9C10" box="[1187,1383,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Pollachius virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(36, 49, 65);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC880AC47F22C49CF4" box="[292,654,620,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pleuronectidae" genus="Pseudopleuronectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC880AC47F22C49CF4" box="[292,654,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Pseudopleuronectes americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(36, 49, 63, 65, 77, 80);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8A8FC47F24A69CF5" box="[929,1260,620,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pleuronectidae" genus="Reinhardtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hippoglossoides">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8A8FC47F24A69CF5" box="[929,1260,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Reinhardtius hippoglossoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(16, 43, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 65, 69, 70, 73);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8BBEC49C23539CD8" box="[656,793,655,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Salmo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salar">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8BBEC49C23539CD8" box="[656,793,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Salmo salar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 14, 19, 70, 73, 83, 84);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8C07C49C21509CBD" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Salvelinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8C07C49C21509CBD" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Salvelinus alpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(83);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC884CC4A722029CBD" box="[354,584,692,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Salvelinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fontinalis">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC884CC4A722029CBD" box="[354,584,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Salvelinus fontinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(15, 38, 39);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8BC4C4A7238A9CBD" box="[746,960,692,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Scomber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scombrus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8BC4C4A7238A9CBD" box="[746,960,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Scomber scombrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(6, 19, 36, 49);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8DAEC4A7252D9CBC" box="[1152,1383,692,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scomberesocidae" genus="Scomberesox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beloniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saurus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8DAEC4A7252D9CBC" box="[1152,1383,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Scomberesox saurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(70, 73);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC89D5C4C421B09C80" box="[251,506,727,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scophthalmidae" genus="Scophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleuronectiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquosus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC89D5C4C421B09C80" box="[251,506,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Scophthalmus aquosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(49);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8B10C4C423439C80" box="[574,777,727,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sebastidae" genus="Sebastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8B10C4C423439C80" box="[574,777,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Sebastes fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(49, 66);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8A5BC4C424779C80" box="[885,1085,727,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sebastidae" genus="Sebastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mentella">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8A5BC4C424779C80" box="[885,1085,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Sebastes mentella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(49, 66, 79);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8DFAC4C4257F9C80" box="[1236,1333,727,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sebastidae" genus="Sebastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8DFAC4C4257F9C80" box="[1236,1333,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Sebastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (36, 65);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC89D1C4EF219A9D65" box="[255,464,764,789]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthias">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC89D1C4EF219A9D65" box="[255,464,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Squalus acanthias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(49);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8B33C4EF23709D65" box="[541,826,764,789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Theragra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalcogramma">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8B33C4EF23709D65" box="[541,826,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Theragra chalcogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(18, 20, 23, 68, 70, 73, 74);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8DB3C4EF25109D65" box="[1181,1370,764,789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phycidae" genus="Urophycis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chuss">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8DB3C4EF25109D65" box="[1181,1370,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Urophycis chuss</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(49);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC89E9C50C21CC9D48" box="[199,390,799,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Phycidae" genus="Urophycis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC89E9C50C21CC9D48" box="[199,390,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Urophycis tenuis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(49, 65, 81);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8B08C50C229D9D48" box="[550,727,799,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Xiphiidae" genus="Xiphias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gladius">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8B08C50C229D9D48" box="[550,727,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Xiphias gladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(21); unspecified “fish” (44, 45, 46, 47);
<taxonomicName id="4C2678DDFFCBFFCC8D99C53225D69D48" box="[1207,1436,801,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Zoarcidae" genus="Zoarces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8D99C53225D69D48" box="[1207,1436,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Zoarces americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(65)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFCBFFCC89B9C57424B79DF0" blockId="122.[151,1436,151,1760]" box="[151,1277,871,896]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
Distribution: Atlantic,
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFFCBFFCC88BBC57422139DF0" box="[405,601,871,896]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFFCBFFCC8B4BC57B23579DF0" box="[613,797,871,896]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
, Newfoundland,
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFFCBFFCC8AF2C57B240A9D0F" box="[988,1088,872,895]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Nunavut</collectingRegion>
, Pacific,
<collectingRegion id="49E2CDBCFFCBFFCC8D89C57424B79DF0" box="[1191,1277,871,896]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Quebec</collectingRegion>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99035EFFCBFFCC89B9C59F25739890" blockId="122.[151,1436,151,1760]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
<materialsCitation id="3B4E0903FFCBFFCC89B9C59F25739890" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324948990" collectorName="G. A. Black" country="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" location="Bradford" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bradford">
Records: 1.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8833C59E225E9DD4" author="Nyman" box="[285,532,908,933]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Nyman, O. L. &amp; Pippy, J. H. C. (1972) Differences in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, from North America and Europe. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 29, 179 - 185. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 72 - 029" type="journal article" year="1972">Nyman &amp; Pippy 1972</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 2.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8B54C59F234C9DD4" author="Pippy" box="[634,774,908,933]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Pippy, J. H. C. (1973 a) No. 2. Studies on larvae of the parasitic nematode Anisakis sp. In: A. M. Fleming. Canadian Department of Fisheries, Marine Service, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Newfoundland Biological Station, St. John's, Newfoundland. Annual Report and Investigators' Summaries 1973, 28 pp." type="book" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Pippy 1973a</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 3.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8A43C59F23B19DD5" author="Pippy" box="[877,1019,908,933]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Pippy, J. H. C. (1973 b) No. 3. The use of Atlantic salmon parasites in stock identification. In: A. M. May. Canadian Department of Fisheries, Marine Service, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, St. John's, Newfoundland. Annual Report and Investigators' Summaries 1973, 28 pp." type="book" year="1973" yearSuffix="b">Pippy 1973b</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 4. Beverley-Burton
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8C0BC59E25179DD5" box="[1317,1373,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1977 (AT); 5.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8806C5BC22E59DB8" author="Margolis" box="[296,687,943,968]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Margolis, L. &amp; Beverley-Burton, M. (1977) Response of mink (Mustela vison) to larval Anisakis simplex (Nematoda: Ascaridida). International Journal forParasitology, 7, 269 - 273. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0020 - 7519 (77) 90034 - 0" type="journal article" year="1977">Margolis &amp; Beverley-Burton 1977</bibRefCitation>
(PA): 6.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8A39C5BC24129DB8" author="Gaevskaya" box="[791,1112,943,968]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Gaevskaya, A. V. &amp; Umnova, B. A. (1977) [On the parasite fauna of the principal commercial fishes of the northwest Atlantic.] Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok), 4, 40 - 48. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1977">Gaevskaya &amp; Umnova 1977</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 7. Beverley-Burton &amp; Pippy 1977 (AT); 8.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8898C5C722089D9C" author="Arthur" box="[438,578,980,1005]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Arthur, J. R. (1978) Studies on the parasites of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) in North American waters. Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Biology, University of Calgary, Alberta, 206 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arthur 1978</bibRefCitation>
(PA); 9.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8B80C5C723F09D9D" author="Beverley-Burton" box="[686,954,980,1005]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Beverley-Burton, M. (1978 b) Population genetics of Anisakis simplex (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and their use as biological indicators of host stocks. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 3, 369 - 377. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00000529" type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="b">Beverley-Burton 1978b</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 10.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8D1BC5C725D69D9C" author="Beverley-Burton" box="[1077,1436,980,1005]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Beverley-Burton, M. &amp; Pippy, J. H. C. (1978) Distribution, prevalence and mean numbers of larval Anisakis simplex (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. and their use as biological indicators of host stocks. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 3, 211 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00691945" type="journal article" year="1978">Beverley-Burton &amp; Pippy 1978</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 11.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC881BC5E422529A60" author="Arthur" box="[309,536,1015,1040]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Arthur, J. R. &amp; Arai, H. P. (1979) A preliminary analysis of the value of parasites as biological indicators for stocks of Pacific herring. Program and Abstracts. 18 th Annual Meeting, Canadian Society of Zoologists, Quebec City, Quebec, 13 - 16 May 1979, p. 97." type="book chapter" year="1979">Arthur &amp; Arai 1979</bibRefCitation>
(PA); 12.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8BA0C5E423379A60" author="Arthur" box="[654,893,1015,1040]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Arthur, J. R. &amp; Arai, H. P. (1980 a) Studies on the parasites of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi Valenciennes): survey results. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58, 64 - 70. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 80 - 008" type="journal article" year="1980" yearSuffix="a">Arthur &amp; Arai 1980a</bibRefCitation>
(PA); 13.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8ADAC5E424AE9A60" author="Arthur" box="[1012,1252,1015,1040]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Arthur, J. R. &amp; Arai, H. P. (1980 b) Studies on the parasites of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi Valenciennes): a preliminary evaluation of parasites as indicators of geographical origin for spawning herring. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58, 521 - 527. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 80 - 072" type="journal article" year="1980" yearSuffix="b">Arthur &amp; Arai 1980b</bibRefCitation>
(PA); 14.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8C75C5E420B59A44" author="Pippy" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Pippy, J. H. C. (1980) The value of parasites as biological tags in Atlantic salmon at West Greenland. Rapports et Proces- Verbaux des Reunions. Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 176, 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1980">Pippy 1980</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 15.
<collectorName id="26D36688FFCBFFCC885AC20F21BC9A45" box="[372,502,1052,1077]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">G. A. Black</collectorName>
1981a (QC); 16.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8B92C20F23049A44" author="Reimer" box="[700,846,1052,1077]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Reimer, L. W. (1981) Parasiten aus Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum), dem schwarzenHeilbutt aus dem Nord-Atlantik. In: Wissenschaftliche Konferenz zu Fragen der Physiologie, Biologie und Parasitologie von Nutzfischen: p. 121 - 123. Vol 3, bis 6, September 1980 in Rostok, 183 pp." type="book" year="1981">Reimer 1981</bibRefCitation>
(NU); 17.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8AE7C20F24D79A44" author="Appy" box="[969,1181,1052,1076]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Appy, R. G. &amp; Burt, M. D. B. (1982) Metazoan parasites of cod, Gadus morhua L., in Canadian Atlantic waters. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 1573 - 1579. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 82 - 207" type="journal article" year="1982">Appy &amp; Burt 1982</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 18.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8C3CC20F20B59A28" author="Arthur" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Arthur, J. R., Margolis, L., Whitaker, D. J. &amp; McDonald, T. E. (1982) A quantitative study of economically important parasites of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from British Columbian waters and effects of postmortem handling on their abundance in the musculature. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39, 710 - 726. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 82 - 100" type="journal article" year="1982">
Arthur
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8C4AC20E25D69A45" box="[1380,1436,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1982
</bibRefCitation>
(PA); 19.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC885AC22C225C9A28" author="Threlfall" box="[372,534,1087,1112]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Threlfall, W. (1982) In vitro culture of Anisakis spp. larvae from fish and squid in Newfoundland, Canada. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 49, 65 - 70." type="journal article" year="1982">Threlfall 1982</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 20.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8BA3C22C235D9A28" author="Arthur" box="[653,791,1087,1112]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Arthur, J. R. (1983) A preliminary analysis of the discreteness of stocks of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the northeastern Pacific Ocean off Canada based on their parasites. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 1184, 15 pp." type="book" year="1983">Arthur 1983</bibRefCitation>
(PA); 21.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8AA3C25324289A28" author="Hogans" box="[909,1122,1087,1112]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Hogans, W. E., Brattey, J., Uhazy, L. S. &amp; Hurley, P. C. (1983) Helminth parasites of swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.) from the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Parasitology, 69, 1178 - 1179. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3280895" type="journal article" year="1983">
Hogans
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8AC4C25224699A28" box="[1002,1059,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1983
</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 22.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8DF7C22C20B59A0C" author="Sankurathri" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Sankurathri, C. S., Kabata, Z. &amp; Whitaker, D. J. (1983) Parasites of the Pacific hake, Merluccius productus (Ayres, 1855) in the Strait of Georgia, in 1974 - 1975. Syesis, 16, 5 - 22." type="journal article" year="1983">
Sankurathri
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8C4DC25225D69A28" box="[1379,1436,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1983
</bibRefCitation>
(PA); 23. Arthur 1984 (PA); 24. Margolis 1984 (PA); 25.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8AE4C27724D79A0C" author="McGladdery" box="[970,1181,1124,1149]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="McGladdery, S. E. (1984) Studies of the parasite fauna of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Ph. D. Thesis. Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, 286 pp." type="book" year="1984">McGladdery 1984</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 26.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8C0AC277218B9AD0" author="Palsson" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Palsson, J. &amp; Beverley-Burton, M. (1984) Helminth parasites of capelin, Mallotus villosus (Pisces: Osmeridae) of the North Atlantic. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 51, 248 - 254." type="journal article" year="1984">Pálsson &amp; Beverley-Burton 1984</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 27. Khan 1985 (AT); 28.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8A0CC29424699AD0" author="McClelland" box="[802,1059,1159,1184]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="McClelland, G., Misra, R. K. &amp; Martell, D. J. (1985) Variation in abundance of larval anisakines, sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) and related species in cod and flatfish. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 1392, 57 pp." type="book" year="1985">
McClelland
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8A83C29A23AF9AD0" box="[941,997,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1985
</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 29.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8DBBC294251B9AD0" author="Wells" box="[1173,1361,1159,1184]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Wells, R., Pippy, J. H. C. &amp; Bishop, C. A. (1985) Nematodes in cod collected from NAFO Division 2 J, 3 K, 3 L, 3 Ps in Autumn, 1983. Canadian Atlantic Fisheries, Science Advisory Committee, Research Document 85 / 79, 14 pp." type="book" year="1985">
Wells
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8DF5C29A25599AD0" box="[1243,1299,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1985
</bibRefCitation>
(ATl); 30.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC89DFC2BF22599AB5" author="McGladdery" box="[241,531,1196,1221]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="McGladdery, S. E. &amp; Burt, M. D. B. (1985) Potential of parasites for use as biological indicators of migration, feeding, and spawning behavior of northwest Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42, 1957 - 1968. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 85 - 243" type="journal article" year="1985">McGladdery &amp; Burt 1985</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 31.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8BA9C2BF231A9AB5" author="Zubchenko" box="[647,848,1196,1221]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Zubchenko, A. V. (1985 a) Parasite fauna of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) from the northwest Atlantic. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Science, 6, 165 - 171. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2960 / j. v 6. a 17" type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="a">Zubchenko 1985a</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 32.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8AEBC2BF24899AB5" author="Chenoweth" box="[965,1219,1196,1221]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Chenoweth, J. F., McGladdery, S. E., Sindermann, C. J., Sawyer, T. K. &amp; Bier, J. W. (1986) An investigation into the usefulness of parasites as tags for herring (Clupea harengus) stocks in the western North Atlantic, with emphasis on use of the larval nematode Anisakis simplex. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 7, 25 - 33. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2960 / j. v 7. a 3" type="journal article" year="1986">
Chenoweth
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8D62C2BE24CE9AB5" box="[1100,1156,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 33.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8C19C2BF21D69A98" author="Margolis" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Margolis, L. &amp; McDonald, T. E. (1986) Parasites of white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, from the Fraser River, British Columbia. Journal of Parasitology, 72, 794 - 796. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3281484" type="journal article" year="1986">
Margolis &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F33143CEFFCBFFCC89CAC2DC21169A98" box="[228,348,1231,1256]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">McDonald</collectingCountry>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
(PA); 34.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8B3FC2DC22A19A98" author="McGladdery" box="[529,747,1231,1256]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="McGladdery, S. E. (1986 a) Anisakis simplex (Nematoda: Anisakidae) infection of the musculature and body cavity of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43, 1312 - 1317. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 86 - 164" type="journal article" year="1986" yearSuffix="a">McGladdery 1986a</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 35.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8A4CC2DC24779A98" author="McGladdery" box="[866,1085,1231,1256]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="McGladdery, S. E. (1986 b) Anisakis simplex infection of the fillets and body cavity of Canadian Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and the public health implications. Program. 25 th Annual Meeting, Canadian Society of Zoologists. Bulletin of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, 17, 23." type="journal article" year="1986" yearSuffix="b">McGladdery 1986b</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 36.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8D9AC2DC25D69A98" author="Morrison" box="[1204,1436,1231,1256]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Morrison, C. M., McClelland, G., Cornick, J. &amp; Marcogliese, D. (1986) Parasites and diseases of some marine finfish off Nova Scotia. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 1424, 36 pp." type="book" year="1986">
Morrison
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8C0AC2C225169A98" box="[1316,1372,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 37.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8816C2E721859B7D" author="Palsson" box="[312,463,1268,1293]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Palsson, J. (1986) Quantitative studies on the helminth fauna of capelin (Mallotus villosus (Muller )) in the northwest Atlantic for purposes of stock determination. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 1499, v + 21 pp." type="book" year="1986">Pálsson 1986</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 38.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8B67C2E722A49B7C" author="Frimeth" box="[585,750,1268,1293]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Frimeth, J. P. (1987 a) A survey of the parasites of nonanadromous brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the Tabusintac River, New Brunswick, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 1354 - 1362. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 215" type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Frimeth 1987a</bibRefCitation>
(NB); 39.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8A40C2E7245F9B7D" author="Frimeth" box="[878,1045,1268,1293]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Frimeth, J. P. (1987 b) Potential use of certain parasites of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) as biological indicators in the Tabusintac River, New Brunswick, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 1989 - 1995. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 303" type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">Frimeth 1987b</bibRefCitation>
(NB); 40.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8DBAC2E725D69B7C" author="McClelland" box="[1172,1436,1268,1293]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="McClelland, G., Misra, R. K. &amp; Martell, D. J. (1987) Temporal and geographic variation in abundance of larval sealworm, Pseudoterranova (Phocanema) decipiens in the fillets of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) in eastern Canada: 1985 ̶ 1986 surveys. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 1513, 15 pp." type="book" year="1987">
McClelland
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8C0FC2E625119B7D" box="[1313,1371,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1987
</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 41.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8816C30B21869B40" author="Brattey" box="[312,460,1304,1328]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Brattey, J. (1988) A simple technique for recovering larval ascaridoid nematodes from the flesh of marine fish. Journal of Parasitology, 74, 735 - 737. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3282202" type="journal article" year="1988">Brattey 1988</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 42.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8B68C30423019B40" author="Chandra" box="[582,843,1303,1328]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Chandra, C. V. &amp; Khan, R. A. (1988) Nematode infestation of fillets from Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, off eastern Canada. Journal of Parasitology, 74, 1038 - 1040. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3282229" type="journal article" year="1988">Chandra &amp; Khan 1988</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 43.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8AEBC30424CC9B40" author="Wierzbicka" box="[965,1158,1303,1328]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Wierzbicka, J. (1988) Parasite fauna of the blue halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Walbaum, 1792) from selected districts of its distribution area. Akademia Rolnicza, Szczecin, Poland. 87 pp. (Translated from Polish by Canadian Translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 5520, 115 pp.)" type="book" year="1988">Wierzbicka 1988</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 44.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8C2EC30420B59B24" author="Berland" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Berland, B., Brattey, J., D'Amelio, S., Mattiucci, S., Nascetti, G., Orecchia, P., Paggi, L. &amp; Smith, J. W. (1989) Multilocus electrophoresis in the study of marine ascaridoid nematodes: species, hosts and geographic distribution in the North Atlantic. Program and Abstracts. 64 th Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, 06 - 10 August 1989. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, p. 71." type="journal article" year="1989">
Berland
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8C4CC30A25D69B40" box="[1378,1436,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1989
</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 45.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8850C32E220F9B24" author="Burt" box="[382,581,1340,1365]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Burt, M. D. B., Jarecka, L. &amp; Likely, C. G. (1989 a) Marine anisakines: recent advances in our knowledge. Program and Abstracts. 29 th Annual Meeting, Canadian Society of Zoologists, May 1990, York University, Toronto." type="book chapter" year="1989" yearSuffix="a">
Burt
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8895C32E21BD9B25" box="[443,503,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1989a
</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 46. Mattiucci &amp; Paggi 1989 (AT); 47.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8D70C32E256D9B25" author="Burt" box="[1118,1319,1340,1365]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="Burt, M. D. B., Likely, C. G. &amp; MacKinnon, B. M. (1989 b) Culturing Pseudoterranova decipiens, Contracaecum osculatum and Anisakis simplex (Nematoda) in vivo and in vitro. Abstract. Spring Meeting, British Society for Parasitology, April 1990, Southampton, England." type="book chapter" year="1989" yearSuffix="b">
Burt
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8DB5C32E249C9B25" box="[1179,1238,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1989b
</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 48. Brattey
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC880FC37221109B08" box="[289,346,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1990 (AT); 49.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB77EAFFFCBFFCC8B3EC34C235E9B08" author="McClelland" box="[528,788,1375,1400]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refString="McClelland, G., Misra, R. K. &amp; Martell, D. J. (1990) Larval anisakine nematodes in various fish species from Sable Island Bank and vicinity. In: Bowen, W. D. (Ed.). Population Biology of Sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) in Relation to its Intermediate and Seal Hosts: p. 83 - 118. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 222, 306 pp." type="book chapter" year="1990">
McClelland
<emphasis id="B952DF4CFFCBFFCC8BB2C372229F9B08" box="[668,725,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
(AT); 50.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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