treatments-xml/data/C0/67/F9/C067F90D25669B4FFEEC9D59C639FB5C.xml
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<document id="79C2AF01538DAE2C856C0EAA460A6068" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.157661" ID-GBIF-Dataset="65483b24-e197-4508-9c49-50fb2a6ec291" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="157661" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461014164758" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Julka, J. M., Blanchart, Eric &amp; Chapuis-Lardy, Lydie" docDate="2004" docId="C067F90D25669B4FFEEC9D59C639FB5C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00486.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 486" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Karmiella sulvalliensis Julka, Blanchart &amp; Chapuis-Lardy, 2004, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="3C5E817525739B59FFE49E33C252FFDA" masterDocTitle="New genera and new species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Octochaetidae) from Western Ghats, South India" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698568502420" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1D71AB24A9C5BEBF00AE3CF70F882458">New genera and new species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Octochaetidae) from Western Ghats, South India</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="F23F98D851C3C1A6CAE355A3C680BCE9">Julka, J. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="491FCF90255B20CFD2D31DB838215617">Blanchart, Eric</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="88B893EEDAC2C6C51ACACAEF4A9EBF07">Chapuis-Lardy, Lydie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FA75AEC83AAC46D685BCF62923028125">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7256E67AB250F74A8F1181753FC3EEA8">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C067F90D25669B4FFEEC9D59C639FB5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6269580" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119601071" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6269580" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C067F90D25669B4FFEEC9D59C639FB5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C067F90D25669B4FFEEC9D59C639FB5C" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="00D41B9025669B4CFEEC9D59C0D3FC59" box="[264,641,873,900]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4871481B25669B4CFEEC9D59C0D3FC59" blockId="21.[264,1324,873,1876]" box="[264,641,873,900]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="1339FF7725669B4CFEEC9D59C0D3FC59" bold="true" box="[264,641,873,900]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFEEC9D59C0D3FC59" bold="true" box="[264,641,873,900]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825669B4CFEEC9D59C04EFC5E" box="[264,540,874,900]" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Karmiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sulvalliensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFEEC9D59C04EFC5E" bold="true" box="[264,540,874,900]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Karmiella sulvalliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6189297225669B4CFDC09D5AC0D3FC59" box="[548,641,873,899]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00D41B9025669B4CFEEC9D92C6FCFB76" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4871481B25669B4CFEEC9D92C3E4FBD6" blockId="21.[264,1324,873,1876]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFEEC9D92C0EDFC61" bold="true" box="[264,703,929,955]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="9775F6B925669B4CFEEC9D92C317FC61" box="[264,325,929,955]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type</typeStatus>
material:
<collectingCountry id="30D9088B25669B4CFE229D92C073FC61" box="[454,545,929,955]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: Karnataka:
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="9775F6B925669B4CFD239D91C17FFC66" box="[711,813,930,956]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="2EDFD0DE25669B4CFCD89D91C1C8FC66" box="[828,922,930,956]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">HAZFS</collectionCode>
/ZSI An808), clitellate, 1
<typeStatus id="9775F6B925669B4CFB219D91C778FC66" box="[1221,1322,930,956]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="2EDFD0DE25669B4CFEF49DF9C33CFC3E" box="[272,366,970,996]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">HAZFS</collectionCode>
/ZSI An809), clitellate, Sulvalli [
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25669B4CFD1C9DF9C10DFC3E" box="[760,863,970,996]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="13.983334">13°59N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25669B4CFC8D9DF9C199FC3E" box="[873,971,970,996]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="74.78333">74°47'E</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="8F36E5FE25669B4CFC059DF9C675FC3E" box="[993,1063,970,996]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="640.0">640m</quantity>
, forest,
<date id="3C706EDB25669B4CFB6C9DF9C779FC3E" box="[1160,1323,970,996]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1992-10">October 1992</date>
(E. Blanchart).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B25669B4CFEDC9A2AC6FCFB76" blockId="21.[264,1324,873,1876]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFEDC9A2AC16BFBE9" bold="true" box="[312,825,1049,1075]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Additional material:
<collectingCountry id="30D9088B25669B4CFDDB9A2AC0C8FBE9" box="[575,666,1049,1075]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">INDIA</collectingCountry>
: Karnataka:
</emphasis>
coll. E. Blanchart: 3 clitellate, near Karni, [
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25669B4CFEEB9A71C320FB86" box="[271,370,1090,1116]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="13.9">13°54'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25669B4CFE989A71C38CFB86" box="[380,478,1090,1116]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="74.73333">74°44'E</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="8F36E5FE25669B4CFE179A71C06BFB86" box="[499,569,1090,1116]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="680.0">680m</quantity>
, forest,
<date id="3C706EDB25669B4CFD7E9A71C112FB86" box="[666,832,1090,1116]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1992-10">October 1992</date>
; 1 clitellate, Nakkalu [
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25669B4CFBAB9A71C6E0FB86" box="[1103,1202,1090,1116]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="14.0">14°00'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25669B4CFB5F9A71C74CFB86" box="[1211,1310,1090,1116]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="74.683334">74°41'E</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="8F36E5FE25669B4CFEEC9A59C31CFB5E" box="[264,334,1130,1156]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="740.0">740m</quantity>
, forest,
<date id="3C706EDB25669B4CFE569A59C008FB5E" box="[434,602,1130,1156]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1992-10">October 1992</date>
; 3 clitellate, near Karni [
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25669B4CFC699A59C1A2FB5E" box="[909,1008,1130,1156]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="13.933333">13°56'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25669B4CFC1F9A59C60CFB5E" box="[1019,1118,1130,1156]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="74.73333">74°44'E</geoCoordinate>
], forest,
<date id="3C706EDB25669B4CFB2E9A59C314FB76" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1991-10">October 1991</date>
; 1 clitellate, Mincha Bare [
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25669B4CFD669AA1C0B4FB76" box="[642,742,1170,1196]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="13.95">13°57'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2DFA2EDC25669B4CFD099AA1C11DFB76" box="[749,847,1170,1196]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="74.73333">74°44'E</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="8F36E5FE25669B4CFC879AA1C1FAFB76" box="[867,936,1170,1196]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="660.0">660m</quantity>
, forest,
<date id="3C706EDB25669B4CFBE29AA1C6FBFB76" box="[1030,1193,1170,1196]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1992-10">October 1992</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00D41B9025669B4CFEDC9A8AC685FA36" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4871481B25669B4CFEDC9A8AC3A5FA96" blockId="21.[264,1324,873,1876]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFEDC9A8AC3E5FB09" bold="true" box="[312,439,1209,1235]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Spermathecal pores paired, presetal, at
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFC6A9A89C1CFFB09" box="[910,925,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">a</emphasis>
lines, slightly posterior to furrow 7/8 on 8, just in front of setal arc on 9; genital marking present, single, median, at 20; copulatory setae absent, setae
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFDA59B39C002FAF9" box="[577,592,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">a</emphasis>
on 8 and 9 slightly enlarged but sigmoid and furnished with a few irregular ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B25669B4CFEDC9B69C685FA36" blockId="21.[264,1324,873,1876]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Differences from the only known species of the genus,
<taxonomicName id="8FCE339825669B4CFC599B69C311FA46" authority="Julka, 1988" authorityName="Julka" authorityYear="1988" class="Clitellata" family="Octochaetidae" genus="Karmiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="karnatakensis">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFC599B69C68DFAA9" box="[957,1247,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Karmiella karnatakensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C5F35EA25669B4CFB019B69C311FA46" author="Julka" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" refString="Julka, J. M. (1988) The Fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Megadrile Oligochaeta (Haplotaxida: Lumbricina: Megascolecoidea: Octochaetidae). Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, xiv + 400 pp." type="book" year="1988">Julka, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
are: position of spermathecal pores just behind furrow 7/8 on segment 8 as against on or slightly anterior to setal arc; wider location of spermathecal pores at a lines rather than close to midventral line; presence of genital markings; absence of copulatory setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00D41B9025669B4FFEDC9BCAC0A7FBEC" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="4871481B25669B4FFEDC9BCAC32EFE5C" blockId="21.[264,1324,873,1876]" lastBlockId="22.[264,1323,284,1158]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFEDC9BCAC39DF9C9" bold="true" box="[312,463,1529,1555]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="8F36E5FE25669B4CFDDF9BC9C082F9CE" box="[571,720,1530,1556]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.255" metricValueMax="1.56" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="125.5" valueMax="156.0" valueMin="95.0">95156 mm</quantity>
, diameter
<quantity id="8F36E5FE25669B4CFCB79BC9C180F9CE" box="[851,978,1530,1556]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.0">44.5 mm</quantity>
, 163171 segments. Prostomium tanylobic. First dorsal pore 5/6. Clitellum annular, 1317. Setae lumbricine,
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFB179811C742F9E1" box="[1267,1296,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">aa</emphasis>
= 1.82.2
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFE839879C3D6F9B9" box="[359,388,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ab</emphasis>
= 0.81.0
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFDE59879C04FF9B9" box="[513,541,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">bc</emphasis>
= 0.91.1
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFD7E9879C0E4F9B9" box="[666,694,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">cd</emphasis>
= 0.180.22
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFCAB9879C13EF9B9" box="[847,876,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">dd</emphasis>
on 12,
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFC279879C1B2F9B9" box="[963,992,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">aa</emphasis>
= 2.53.7
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFBB99879C628F9B9" box="[1117,1146,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ab</emphasis>
= 1.01.1
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFB139879C741F9B9" box="[1271,1299,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">bc</emphasis>
= 1.31.8
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFE8D9841C3D7F951" box="[361,389,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">cd</emphasis>
= 0.180.21
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFDC19841C010F951" box="[549,578,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">dd</emphasis>
on 24; no setae copulatory,
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFC729841C1F7F951" box="[918,933,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">a</emphasis>
on 8 and 9 slightly enlarged but sigmoid and ornamented with a few irregular ridges (
<figureCitation id="D0F5549E25669B4CFC6498A9C18AF96E" box="[896,984,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 41" captionStartId="23.[264,382,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[315,1271,313,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[309,1277,311,1681]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 35 41. Karmiella sulvalliensis sp. nov. (35 38): 35, sigmoid a seta on segment viii; 36, genital region; 37, penial seta; 38, spermatheca. Wahoscolex michaelseni sp. nov. (39 41): 39, genital region; 40, penial seta; 41, spermatheca. Scale bar 4.0 mm (36, 39), 0.75 mm (38, 41), 0.065 mm (35, 40), 0.035 mm (37)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157666/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Male pores paired, minute, in seminal grooves, on 18, slightly median to
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFCDE98F1C11BF901" box="[826,841,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">a</emphasis>
lines; prostatic pores paired, minute, at ends of seminal grooves on 17 and 19, at about
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFCA698D9C103F8D9" box="[834,849,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">a</emphasis>
lines; seminal grooves slightly concave or almost straight and slightly bent medially. Female pores paired, minute, on 14, anteromedian to
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFE609909C3C1F889" box="[388,403,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">a</emphasis>
lines. Spermathecal pores paired, minute, presetal at
<emphasis id="7ABA940925669B4CFBE29909C647F889" box="[1030,1045,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">a</emphasis>
lines, slightly posterior to intersegmental furrow 7/8 on 8, slightly anterior to setal arc on 9 (
<figureCitation id="D0F5549E25659B4FFB849F2FC6EEFEEC" box="[1120,1212,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 41" captionStartId="23.[264,382,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[315,1271,313,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[309,1277,311,1681]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 35 41. Karmiella sulvalliensis sp. nov. (35 38): 35, sigmoid a seta on segment viii; 36, genital region; 37, penial seta; 38, spermatheca. Wahoscolex michaelseni sp. nov. (39 41): 39, genital region; 40, penial seta; 41, spermatheca. Scale bar 4.0 mm (36, 39), 0.75 mm (38, 41), 0.065 mm (35, 40), 0.035 mm (37)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157666/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
). Genital marking, an epidermal tumescence, single and median, extending laterally to about mid
<emphasis id="7ABA940925659B4FFEEC9F5FC371FE5F" box="[264,291,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">bc</emphasis>
, on 20.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B25659B4FFEDC9FA7C69BFD34" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1158]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Unpigmented.
<collectingCountry id="30D9088B25659B4FFE099FA7C07CFE74" box="[493,558,404,430]" name="Spain" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Septa</collectingCountry>
4/5,
<date id="3C706EDB25659B4FFD939FA7C0BFFE74" box="[631,749,404,430]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1912-08-07" valueMax="1912-11-07" valueMin="1912-08-07">7/811/12</date>
muscular, 5/6/7 delicate. Gizzard large, in 5. Oesophagus with a pair of discrete, extramural, reniform calciferous glands, each gland bilobed, one lobe in 15 and the other in 16, both lobes discharging into gut through a common duct close to attachment of septum 15/16; intestine begins in 18, typhlosole 30 to 120 (91 segments); supra­intestinal glands and intestinal caeca absent. Last pair of hearts in 13. Testes and male funnels enclosed in annular sacs, in 10 and 11; seminal vesicles in 9 and 12. Prostates paired, tubular, in 17 and 19. Penial setae (
<figureCitation id="D0F5549E25659B4FFC389CB7C665FD44" box="[988,1079,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 41" captionStartId="23.[264,382,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[315,1271,313,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[309,1277,311,1681]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 35 41. Karmiella sulvalliensis sp. nov. (35 38): 35, sigmoid a seta on segment viii; 36, genital region; 37, penial seta; 38, spermatheca. Wahoscolex michaelseni sp. nov. (39 41): 39, genital region; 40, penial seta; 41, spermatheca. Scale bar 4.0 mm (36, 39), 0.75 mm (38, 41), 0.065 mm (35, 40), 0.035 mm (37)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157666/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
) unornamented, tip recurved,
<quantity id="8F36E5FE25659B4FFE9A9C9FC078FD1C" box="[382,554,684,710]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.645" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.59" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="1.645" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.59">1.591.70 mm</quantity>
long, 1718 diameter. Spermathecae (
<figureCitation id="D0F5549E25659B4FFBEE9C9FC632FD1C" box="[1034,1120,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURES 35 41" captionStartId="23.[264,382,1657,1681]" captionTargetBox="[315,1271,313,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[309,1277,311,1681]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 35 41. Karmiella sulvalliensis sp. nov. (35 38): 35, sigmoid a seta on segment viii; 36, genital region; 37, penial seta; 38, spermatheca. Wahoscolex michaelseni sp. nov. (39 41): 39, genital region; 40, penial seta; 41, spermatheca. Scale bar 4.0 mm (36, 39), 0.75 mm (38, 41), 0.065 mm (35, 40), 0.035 mm (37)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157666/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
) paired, in 8 and 9, each with a median and lateral ental diverticula. Genital marking glands absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B25659B4FFEDC9CCFC153FCCC" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1158]" box="[312,769,764,790]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925659B4FFEDC9CCFC3B9FCCC" bold="true" box="[312,491,764,790]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Reproduction.</emphasis>
Presumably biparental.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B25659B4FFEDC9D17C077FCBC" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1158]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925659B4FFEDC9D17C3C8FCE4" bold="true" box="[312,410,804,830]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ingesta.</emphasis>
Fine mineral soil, several pieces of plant roots and leaves, numerous quartz and some rock particles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B25659B4FFEDC9D47C33DFBD4" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1158]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925659B4FFEDC9D47C3ADFC54" bold="true" box="[312,511,884,910]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecological data.</emphasis>
This species is restricted to forests with various soil properties: OM content
<quantity id="8F36E5FE25659B4FFE8D9DACC389FC63" box="[361,475,927,953]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="g" value="6.75" valueMax="9.3" valueMin="4.2">4.29.3 g</quantity>
100g­1 soil, C/N 14.516.8, clay content 2047%, bulk density 0.86 1.29 Mg m­3, pH (water) 4.8to 5.7, cations 4.314.6 cmol kg­1 soil, CEC 10.424.1 cmol kg­1 soil.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4871481B25659B4FFEDC9A2FC0A7FBEC" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1158]" box="[312,757,1052,1078]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925659B4FFEDC9A2FC063FBEC" bold="true" box="[312,561,1052,1078]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecological category.</emphasis>
Possibly anecic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00D41B9025659B4FFEDC9A77C689FB84" box="[312,1243,1092,1118]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4871481B25659B4FFEDC9A77C689FB84" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1158]" box="[312,1243,1092,1118]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925659B4FFEDC9A77C396FB84" bold="true" box="[312,452,1092,1118]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name of the species is derived from its
<typeStatus id="9775F6B925659B4FFC2F9A77C1ACFB84" box="[971,1022,1092,1118]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
locality Sulvalli.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00D41B9025659B4FFEDC9A5FC639FB5C" box="[312,1131,1132,1158]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4871481B25659B4FFEDC9A5FC639FB5C" blockId="22.[264,1323,284,1158]" box="[312,1131,1132,1158]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="7ABA940925659B4FFEDC9A5FC3E3FB5C" bold="true" box="[312,433,1132,1158]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks.</emphasis>
Referred as
<emphasis id="7ABA940925659B4FFDAB9A5EC094FB5C" box="[591,710,1133,1158]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Karmiella</emphasis>
sp1 in
<bibRefCitation id="2C5F35EA25659B4FFCC19A5FC635FB5C" author="Blanchart" box="[805,1127,1132,1158]" pageId="22" pageNumber="26" refString="Blanchart, E. and Julka, J. M. (1997) Influence of forest disturbance on earthworm communities in the Western Ghats, South India. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29, 303 - 306." type="journal article" year="1997">Blanchart and Julka (1997)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>