treatments-xml/data/C0/24/87/C0248799FFFE687BFF38CF936166FBE4.xml
2024-06-21 12:50:15 +02:00

328 lines
39 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="C83769A7C6EBAD94604741AA921B9452" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3847.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4c89c286-dd28-48d3-8828-bb16d00abac1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249922" ID-ZooBank="46E41A86-A877-4690-80D9-1C91149A4F8E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460879694462" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Evangelista, Olivia, Flórez-V, Camilo &amp; Sakakibara, Albino M." docDate="2014" docId="C0248799FFFE687BFF38CF936166FBE4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03847p532.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3847 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Allodrilus Evangelista, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="512" masterDocId="3C1DFFE1FFF0686AFFAFCA6E6231FFF4" masterDocTitle="The identity of the treehopper genus Dysyncritus Fowler, with descriptions of new related taxa (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Heteronotinae)" masterLastPageNumber="532" masterPageNumber="495" pageNumber="509" updateTime="1698358322317" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="4F34AAFE895EC0026E9C04C860A9EE28" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D77B371DBA433FB12A0CF74C33ADAC34">
<mods:title id="895CF11A325AE6D4BCCF6F611E66DE48">The identity of the treehopper genus Dysyncritus Fowler, with descriptions of new related taxa (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Heteronotinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="997B5F2738BE362ED1E292D91ED11C0B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D1D0934FF696FB7A2E84AA827E87C643">
<mods:roleTerm id="16FE043A1CA69BC5CDA923F5018C9267">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9987A8EE77A49AED6A7D91F526B4EBDB">Evangelista, Olivia</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="178F56B907C5FFDF30492BA2C8870072" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B12E54B7AEE7E33FF75B4322A0CDA027">
<mods:roleTerm id="568754B1B035AC920FCEEC898C30721D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C41F85350B5540111C3F9614EE9F6359">Flórez-V, Camilo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="57313D263456A5CBE7D9A309444E9DC3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C0EFD52FC8F580AD744432D0BE96C86B">
<mods:roleTerm id="C4FE9FD5AB06029CB55E1E0FC705CC1C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BC8C950C5703E8C291CBDBE8665BD9AC">Sakakibara, Albino M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8CD23289650871A9C8BF71A3D855F9A7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="1CF04646E1D72CCB4E9DC751086EFF35" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="1C5FD4E4949AF9BD8B37BC4A4F095268">
<mods:title id="186E11DE55778B10A5E11E8489A8A83F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="74976BBE50454786B496382494186917">
<mods:date id="D68702D06DDD725234E0FED93BC0385D">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FC337CF625E21968AE5310CA017DCAA8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BF5D0D95A9F86719BFA9933161B5F99D">3847</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3F4EB4D5B2CC9A8720F7B6F8E584CF3F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="C6B92D9B365918A856791FDCF33B148B">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="090DBDEFF650BDE5E8D7AAF92F89C985" unit="page">
<mods:start id="BF9E21CE2498D68FF90819C5440DCF16">495</mods:start>
<mods:end id="846A14865344EAACEF1FF6D10B28F55F">532</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="0578911E846DD7E7D49EA1E37440935E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5100BE7575DE8A99A438D133EEE8C70E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3847.4.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="07DDA00A337A05347A00FDEECE827F5F" type="GBIF-Dataset">4c89c286-dd28-48d3-8828-bb16d00abac1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B8FE109F92BB4B8F187E2238E3577BAC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="85DB402F78CF35DEA82FE759794D7E89" type="Zenodo-Dep">249922</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="751CEADEB4172547F04DE2D607950C17" type="ZooBank">46E41A86-A877-4690-80D9-1C91149A4F8E</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="C0248799FFFE687BFF38CF936166FBE4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6124148" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119585755" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6124148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C0248799FFFE687BFF38CF936166FBE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0248799FFFE687BFF38CF936166FBE4" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="512" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
<subSubSection id="00976504FFFE6864FF38CF936100F9AE" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4832368FFFFE6864FF38CF93602DF9E3" blockId="14.[151,540,1533,1559]" box="[151,540,1533,1559]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
<heading id="137A81E3FFFE6864FF38CF93602DF9E3" bold="true" box="[151,540,1533,1559]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" reason="1">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFFE6864FF38CF93602DF9E3" bold="true" box="[151,540,1533,1559]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFFE6864FF38CF936399F9E3" authority="Evangelista" authorityName="Evangelista" box="[151,424,1533,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Allodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFFE6864FF38CF93633EF9E3" bold="true" box="[151,271,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">Allodrilus</emphasis>
Evangelista
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61CA57E6FFFE6864FE00CF93602DF9E3" box="[431,540,1533,1559]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4832368FFFFE6864FF38CC2A6100F9AE" blockId="14.[151,817,1604,1626]" box="[151,817,1604,1626]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
Type-species:
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFFE6864FE87CC2A611CF9AE" authority="Funkhouser, 1922a: 14" authorityName="Funkhouser" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1922" box="[296,813,1604,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Cymbomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidipennis">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFFE6864FE87CC2A600DF9AE" box="[296,572,1604,1626]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">Cymbomorpha nitidipennis</emphasis>
Funkhouser, 1922a: 14
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00976504FFFE6864FF38CCE9672FF889" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4832368FFFFE6864FF38CCE9672FF889" blockId="14.[151,1437,1671,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFFE6864FF38CCE9633BF954" bold="true" box="[151,266,1671,1696]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Vertex moderate to distinctly concave below ocelli; pronotum low to slightly elevated, convex dorsally in lateral view, lacking suprahumeral horns, tubercles and spines; in dorsal view, anteriorly round at metopidium, widest between humeral angles, posterior process triangular, tapering towards acute apex in dorsal view; forewings with initial division of vein R as follows: R1+R s A[R2+3] and R s P[R4+5] (i.e., R1 diverging after first bifurcation of R), crossveins
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFFE6864FEBCCD74632FF8C5" box="[275,286,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">s</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFFE6864FE82CD746365F8C5" box="[301,340,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">r-m</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFFE6864FE22CD7463F4F8C5" box="[397,453,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">m-cu</emphasis>
2 present (one each); row III of hind tibia with cucullate setae smaller in comparison to row I and row II, present only along apical half or third; males with elongate, cylindrical, and bifurcate aedeagus apophysis that extends along subgenital plate, curved and sharp distally, apex covered in comb of hairs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00976504FFFE687AFF68CDE66314FB76" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="14" pageNumber="509" type="description">
<paragraph id="4832368FFFFE6864FF68CDE66701F81C" blockId="14.[151,1437,1671,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFFE6864FF68CDE66360F855" bold="true" box="[199,337,1928,1953]" pageId="14" pageNumber="509">Description</emphasis>
. Color: Head, pronotum and legs brown, ferruginous, and yellow, or variegated with a combination of these colors; longitudinal bands occasionally present. Fore- and hind wings mostly hyaline. Forewings with occasional dark macula; coriaceous areas opaque, usually with same colors as pronotum.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1CF26607FFFF6865FF38CD1261F8F81A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249932/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="510" targetBox="[178,1410,201,1900]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="4832368FFFFF6865FF38CD1261F8F81A" blockId="15.[151,1436,1916,2030]" pageId="15" pageNumber="510">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFFF6865FF38CD126365F865" bold="true" box="[151,340,1916,1939]" pageId="15" pageNumber="510">FIGURES 6269.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFFF6865FEF4CD13604CF866" authority="Fowler" authorityName="Fowler" box="[347,637,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Dysyncritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="510" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intectus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFFF6865FEF4CD13601BF866" box="[347,554,1917,1938]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="510">Dysyncritus intectus</emphasis>
Fowler
</taxonomicName>
: 6263. Abdomen, lateral and ventral view, respectively (abdominal segments indicated); 64. Pygofer, lateral view; 65. Pygofer, caudal view (subgenital plate removed); 66. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 67. Style, lateral view; 68. Aedeagus, lateral view; 69. Hind tibia (male paralectotype, BMNH), lateral view, rotated clock-wise from left to right, (a) detail of the tibial surface, densely covered in minute setae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4832368FFFE0687AFF68CAF966C5FE90" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">Head: triangular, dense and roughly punctate; eyes and ocelli well produced, eyes globose; vertex pentagonal, superior margin arched, area below ocelli moderate to distinctly concave, pressed down in comparison to rest of vertex; coronal suture distinct, not conspicuously grooved; ocelli located approximately on the imaginary line that crosses center of eyes, distance between ocelli and eyes variable; superantenal ledges broad, sharply carinate, foliaceous; lower margins of vertex encompassing supra-antennal ledges and frontoclypeus curved forwards; frontoclypeus concave, diamond-shaped, about as wide as long, exceeding lower margins of vertex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4832368FFFE0687AFF68CB1E676CFDE3" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">Pronotum: low, convex dorsally in lateral view, lacking suprahumeral horns, tubercles and spines; in dorsal view, anteriorly round at metopidium, widest between humeral angles, posterior process triangular, tapering towards acute apex in dorsal view; surface roughly punctate, pits smaller and more numerous near base of metopidium, slightly enlarged towards apex of posterior process; metopidium curved above suprahumeral angles in lateral view, dorsum straight to broadly arched; posterior process triangular, gradually tapering to acute apex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4832368FFFE0687AFF68C84A6629FD02" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">
Wings: forewings with coriaceous, densely punctate areas near base; veins prominent, with discreet adjacent punctation; R, M and Cu fused at base: R separating shortly after, M and Cu confluent for a short distance, diverging at basal third; initial division of R: R1+R s A[R2+3] and R s P[R4+5] (i.e., R1 branching out after first bifurcation of R); crossveins
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFE4DC8FD63DCFD5E" box="[482,493,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">s</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFE53C8FD6015FD5E" box="[508,548,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">r-m</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFDF3C8FD60A5FD5E" box="[604,660,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">m-cu</emphasis>
2 present (one each); one discoidal cell; M1+2 and M3+4 conspicuously oblique; A1 well marked and elongate, A2 indistinct.
<collectingCountry id="309A761FFFE0687AFD40C8D76116FD26" box="[751,807,697,722]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">Hind</collectingCountry>
wings with one
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFC71C8D46637FD25" box="[990,1030,698,721]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">r-m</emphasis>
and one
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFBC4C8D46692FD25" box="[1131,1187,698,721]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">m-cu</emphasis>
, A1 and A2 confluent basally, then diverging at apical third; jugal lobe well developed, broadly round.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4832368FFFE0687AFF68C96C6091FC96" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">Legs: pro-, meso- and metathoracic legs without cucullate setae (except for hind tibia); tibia prismatic, not foliaceous; hind tibia with three rows of cucullate setae, row III with smaller setae in comparison to row I and row II, extending along apical half or third of tibia.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4832368FFFE0687AFF68C9036314FB76" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">
Abdomen: abdominal segments lacking conspicuous punctation, dorsal tuberosities or fenestrae. Males with lamellar laterotergites in segments IVVII (not as distinctly lamellar in
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE0687AFC6CC9FC66A6FC5D" box="[963,1175,913,937]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Allodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboferrugineus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFC6CC9FC66A6FC5D" box="[963,1175,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">A. alboferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61CA57E6FFE0687AFB31C9FF66C8FC5E" box="[1182,1273,913,938]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" rank="species">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFB31C9FF66C8FC5E" bold="true" box="[1182,1273,913,938]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
), VIII sternite rectangular or heart-shaped; subgenital and lateral plate leaf-like, usually swollen, with or without spines and tubercles; aedeagus small in comparison to lateral plates and aedeagal apophysis, shaft cylindrical, U-shaped, with remarkably elongate, cylindrical apophysis bifurcate at or near base, extended along subgenital plates, apex acute, covered by comb of hairs; styles usually smaller than aedeagal shaft, hidden behind lateral plates, comma-shaped or rectangular, apex truncate with minute ventral lobe. Female genitalia according to subfamily description (
<bibRefCitation id="2C1C4B7EFFE0687AFAF8CE2B6329FB76" author="Deitz" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" refString="Deitz, L. L. (1975 a) Classification of the higher categories of the New World treehoppers (Homoptera: Membracidae). North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, 225 (i - ii), 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="1975" yearSuffix="a">Deitz, 1975a: 148</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00976504FFE0687AFF68CEE36665FA8A" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4832368FFFE0687AFF68CEE36665FA8A" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFF68CEE36368FB52" bold="true" box="[199,345,1165,1190]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="309A761FFFE0687AFEDCCEE063D8FB52" box="[371,489,1166,1190]" name="Guyana" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
(Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Pakaraima Mountains [unknown municipality]).
<collectingCountry id="309A761FFFE0687AFA98CEE067ADFB52" box="[1335,1436,1166,1190]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
(Amapá: Serra do Navio; Amazonas: Itacoatiara, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, Benjamin Constant; Pará: Santa Isabel do Pará, Óbidos, Belém, Santarém; Acre: Mâncio Lima; Rondônia: Ouro Preto do Oeste, Chupinguaia, Vilhena; Mato Grosso: Sinop).
<collectingCountry id="309A761FFFE0687AFD45CE94616CFAE6" box="[746,861,1274,1298]" name="Bolivia" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
(Santa Cruz: San Rafael).
<collectingCountry id="309A761FFFE0687AFB3DCE9466EBFAE5" box="[1170,1242,1274,1297]" name="Peru" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">PERU</collectingCountry>
(Loreto: Iquitos; Madre de Dios: Reserva Nacional Tambopata).
<collectingCountry id="309A761FFFE0687AFD10CF706165FAC2" box="[703,852,1310,1334]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
(Vaupés: Apaporis River [unknown municipality], Leticia).
<collectingCountry id="309A761FFFE0687AFF53CF2C63B2FAAE" box="[252,387,1346,1370]" name="Ecuador" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
(Sucumbios: Shushufindi, Garza-cocha; Napo: Tena, Coca, Reserva Etica Waorani; Orellana: Parque Nacional Yasuni, Puerto Francisco de Orellana; Pastaza: Cerros de Abitagua).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00976504FFE0687BFF68CFE76363FC3C" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="512" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4832368FFFE0687BFF68CFE761D3FDEC" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,1040]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="512" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFF68CFE76305FA56" bold="true" box="[199,308,1417,1442]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">Remarks</emphasis>
. Species classified in
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE0687AFD82CFE760ACFA55" box="[557,669,1417,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Allodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFD82CFE760ACFA55" box="[557,669,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">Allodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61CA57E6FFE0687AFD0BCFE7613FFA56" box="[676,782,1417,1442]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFD0BCFE7613FFA56" bold="true" box="[676,782,1417,1442]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">gen. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
closely resemble those in
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE0687AFB97CFE766F7FA55" box="[1080,1222,1417,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smiliorachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFB97CFE766F7FA55" box="[1080,1222,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">Smiliorachis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially in their coloration, pronotal shape, and forewing venation. Despite their similarity, the male genitalia have considerable importance to genus and species recognition. In this newly proposed genus, the aedeagus shaft and styles are small, the latter often concealed by lateral plates. The aedeagus bears a remarkably elongate and bifid apophysis that extends along the subgenital plate, each branch curved upwards, and deflected distally into an acute hairy apex (
<figureCitation id="D0B62A0AFFE0687AFF30CC5362C4F9A2" box="[159,245,1597,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 78" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[207,1366,220,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[184,1389,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 70 78. Allodrilus nitidipennis (Funkhouser) comb. nov.: 70 71. Abdomen, lateral and ventral view, respectively, abdominal segments indicated. 72. Pygofer, lateral view; 73. Pygofer, caudal view; 74. Subgenital plate and aedeagus, ventral view; 75 76. Aedeagus and style, respectively, lateral view; 77. VIII sternite, ventral view (indicated); 78. Hind tibia, lateral view (setal rows indicated); aa: aedeagal aphophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249933/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
). In most cases, the branches of aedeagal apophysis are partially enclosed by the subgenital plate, whose lobes are dorsally folded to accomodate them. The function of such an unusual and elaborate structure is unknown, but given reduced paramere size, the apophysis could serve to hold or assistist in holding the female during copula. In
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE0687AFF18CCC76316F935" box="[183,295,1705,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Allodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFF18CCC76316F935" box="[183,295,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">Allodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61CA57E6FFE0687AFE9FCCC763AAF936" box="[304,411,1705,1730]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFE9FCCC763AAF936" bold="true" box="[304,411,1705,1730]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">gen. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the vertex is medially concave to various degrees between species, showing slight intraspecific variation in
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE0687AFE2ECCA06014F911" box="[385,549,1741,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Cymbomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidipennis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFE2ECCA06014F911" box="[385,549,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">A. nitidipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61CA57E6FFE0687AFD81CCA36081F912" box="[558,688,1741,1766]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFD81CCA36081F912" bold="true" box="[558,688,1741,1766]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">comb. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE0687AFD5FCCA061F5F911" box="[752,964,1741,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Allodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alboferrugineus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFD5FCCA061F5F911" box="[752,964,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">A. alboferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61CA57E6FFE0687AFC63CCA36616F912" box="[972,1063,1741,1766]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" rank="species">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFC63CCA36616F912" bold="true" box="[972,1063,1741,1766]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
This concavity encompasses the area just below the ocelli, suprantennal ledges and frontoclypeus, depressed anteriorly, and curved forwards posteriorly. The frontoclypeus is conspicuously scoop-shaped in most species (
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFB8ACD786652F8D9" box="[1061,1123,1814,1837]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2C1C4B7EFFE0687AFBC2CD7B676BF8DA" author="Dietrich" box="[1133,1370,1813,1838]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" refString="Dietrich, C. H., McKamey, S. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L. (2001 a) Morphology-based phylogeny of the treehopper family Membracidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea). Systematic Entomology, 26 (3), 213 - 239. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2001.00140. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
Dietrich
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFB7CCD78673FF8D9" box="[1235,1294,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
, 2001
</bibRefCitation>
). The laterotergites of abdominal segments IVVII are lamellar in males, and the VIII sternite is often emarginated, giving the impression that the VIII laterotergite is also lamellar (
<figureCitation id="D0B62A0AFFE0687AFCD8CD3361C4F882" box="[887,1013,1885,1910]" captionStart="FIGURES 70 78" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[207,1366,220,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[184,1389,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 70 78. Allodrilus nitidipennis (Funkhouser) comb. nov.: 70 71. Abdomen, lateral and ventral view, respectively, abdominal segments indicated. 72. Pygofer, lateral view; 73. Pygofer, caudal view; 74. Subgenital plate and aedeagus, ventral view; 75 76. Aedeagus and style, respectively, lateral view; 77. VIII sternite, ventral view (indicated); 78. Hind tibia, lateral view (setal rows indicated); aa: aedeagal aphophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249933/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">Fig. 7071</figureCitation>
, abdominal segments indicated). The chaetotaxy of the hind tibia in
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE0687AFE5BCDEC605EF86D" box="[500,623,1922,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Dysyncritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intectus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFE5BCDEC605EF86D" box="[500,623,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">D. intectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—with setal row III reduced or absent—was previously discussed as an unusual feature that could suggest a phylogenetic relationship with membracines (
<bibRefCitation id="2C1C4B7EFFE0687AFB9FCDCB6712F84A" author="Dietrich" box="[1072,1315,1957,1982]" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" refString="Dietrich, C. H., McKamey, S. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L. (2001 a) Morphology-based phylogeny of the treehopper family Membracidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea). Systematic Entomology, 26 (3), 213 - 239. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2001.00140. x" type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="a">
Dietrich
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFB3BCDC866FDF849" box="[1172,1228,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
, 2001a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2C1C4B7EFFE0687AFA81CDCB62D1F816" author="Lin" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" refString="Lin, C. P., Danforth, B. N. &amp; Wood, T. K. (2004 a) Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of maternal care in membracine treehoppers. Systematic Biology, 53 (3), 400 - 421. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 10635150490445869" type="journal article" year="2004" yearSuffix="a">
Lin
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFAF3CDC867A5F849" box="[1372,1428,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004a
</bibRefCitation>
). The misidentified specimen of
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE0687AFDCFCDA460ECF815" box="[608,733,1994,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Dysyncritus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intectus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFDCFCDA460ECF815" box="[608,733,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">D. intectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(not examined in this study) may belong to
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE0687AFB43CDA46748F816" box="[1260,1401,1994,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smiliorachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE0687AFB43CDA46748F816" box="[1260,1401,1994,2018]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="511">Smiliorachis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFF38CAF66336FF44" box="[151,263,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Allodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFF38CAF66336FF44" box="[151,263,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">Allodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61CA57E6FFE1687BFEA1CAF96346FF44" box="[270,375,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFEA1CAF96346FF44" bold="true" box="[270,375,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">gen. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
In the latter genus, the hind tibial setal row III is reduced in comparison to rows I and II (both in size and number of setae), with setae usually extending along the apical third of the tibiae. However, no absence of row III was observed in the examined specimens. A similar reduction of setal row III is seen in a few
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFF38CB6A6314FEE8" box="[151,293,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smiliorachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFF38CB6A6314FEE8" box="[151,293,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">Smiliorachis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, for instance, in
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFD93CB6A66ADFEE9" authority="Sakakibara and Laroca. Nevertheless" authorityName="Sakakibara and Laroca. Nevertheless" box="[572,1180,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smiliorachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bracaatingae">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFD93CB6A60DEFEE8" box="[572,751,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">S. bracaatingae</emphasis>
Sakakibara and Laroca. Nevertheless
</taxonomicName>
, this is can be a useful character to differentiate representatives of
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFD2CCB4660C2FEB4" box="[643,755,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Allodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFD2CCB4660C2FEB4" box="[643,755,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">Allodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFC83CB466188FEB4" box="[812,953,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smiliorachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFC83CB466188FEB4" box="[812,953,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">Smiliorachis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when examination of the male genitalia is not possible. Other aspects, such as the medially concave vertex, and lamellar laterotergites in males are also observed in
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFE8CCB1E6340FE7C" box="[291,369,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Rhexia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFE8CCB1E6340FE7C" box="[291,369,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">Rhexia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFE40CB1E604DFE7C" box="[495,636,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smiliorachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFE40CB1E604DFE7C" box="[495,636,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">Smiliorachis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but are nonetheless important for recognition of this new genus. The biology of
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFEBECBFA63B0FE58" box="[273,385,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Allodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFEBECBFA63B0FE58" box="[273,385,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">Allodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFE27CBFA63C0FE59" bold="true" box="[392,497,404,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61CA57E6FFE1687BFE27CBFA63C0FE59" box="[392,497,404,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is mostly unknown, but examined specimens indicate they are tended by honeydew harvesting ants. Three species of ants in the genera
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFD76CBD66157FE3B" box="[729,870,440,463]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFD76CBD66157FE3B" box="[729,870,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">Camponotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFCDACBD6662AFE3B" box="[885,1051,440,463]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFCDACBD6662AFE3B" box="[885,1051,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">Crematogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFBF6CBD766E8FE24" box="[1113,1241,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFBF6CBD766E8FE24" box="[1113,1241,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">Ectatomma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were recorded in association with
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFEF9CBB263CBFE00" box="[342,506,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Cymbomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidipennis">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFEF9CBB263CBFE00" box="[342,506,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">A. nitidipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and a number of specimens consistently collected in the same event suggest that this species exhibits some degree of aggregation of adults, nymphs or both.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4832368FFFE1687BFF68C84B6363FC3C" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">
Most representatives of
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFE7BC84A6075FDC8" box="[468,580,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Allodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFE7BC84A6075FDC8" box="[468,580,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">Allodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61CA57E6FFE1687BFDE4C84A6085FDC9" box="[587,692,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFDE4C84A6085FDC9" bold="true" box="[587,692,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">gen. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can only be accurately determined after examination of their male genitalia, hence identification of females may depend on association with males from the same collecting event. Due to the small number of
<typeStatus id="9736882DFFE1687BFE5DC8036013FD71" box="[498,546,621,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
specimens of certain newly proposed taxa, intra-specific variation in body coloration and pronotal shape could not be critically evaluated in all cases. Notwithstanding, nearly identical specimens can show deep divergences in mitochondrial loci (as exemplified by
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFB93C8DA66D2FD38" box="[1084,1251,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Cymbomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidipennis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFB93C8DA66D2FD38" box="[1084,1251,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">A. nitidipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFB41C8DA6743FD39" bold="true" box="[1262,1394,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61CA57E6FFE1687BFB41C8DA6743FD39" box="[1262,1394,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFA2BC8DA62D1FD04" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Allodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFA2BC8DA62D1FD04" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">A. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61CA57E6FFE1687BFF45C8B96377FD04" box="[234,326,727,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" rank="species">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFF45C8B96377FD04" bold="true" box="[234,326,727,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFE25C8B6601EFD04" box="[394,559,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Allodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedius" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFE25C8B6601EFD04" box="[394,559,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">A. intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61CA57E6FFE1687BFD95C8B960A7FD04" box="[570,662,727,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" rank="species">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFD95C8B960A7FD04" bold="true" box="[570,662,727,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; Evangelista
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFC9AC8B76141FD04" box="[821,880,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">et al.</emphasis>
, in preparation). An iterative approach revealed differences in head shape, pronotum, and male genitalia (especially in the shape of lateral plate), and these features were used to characterize new species based on morphology. Whenever possible, DNA vouchers were designated as primary
<typeStatus id="9736882DFFE1687BFE8CC92B6353FCA9" box="[291,354,837,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">types</typeStatus>
; sequences obtained from these specimens will be subsequently published. An integrative approach with a broader sampling of individuals would be necessary to illuminate species limits in such similar groups. This will help quantify the underestimated heteronotine diversity, as well as to test the classification proposed herein.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="00976504FFE1687BFF68C9BA6166FBE4" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4832368FFFE1687BFF68C9BA6166FBE4" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFF68C9BA6377FC19" bold="true" box="[199,326,980,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">Etymology</emphasis>
. The generic name
<taxonomicName id="8F8D4D0CFFE1687BFD84C9BA60AAFC18" box="[555,667,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Allodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFD84C9BA60AAFC18" box="[555,667,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">Allodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Greek
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFC75C9BA6617FC18" box="[986,1062,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">alloios</emphasis>
= different, strange, and
<emphasis id="7AF9EA9DFFE1687BFAFEC9BA67A3FC18" box="[1361,1426,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="512">drilos</emphasis>
= penis, and refers to the unusual morphology of the aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>