264 lines
33 KiB
XML
264 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C15AC3F24303FDF56D1BDA9949F93804">New genus and two new species of driftwood hoppers (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) from northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal regions</mods:title>
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<treatment id="77D5E5EE9E9F5AF97E3CFF9EE0B012A6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154365942" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:77D5E5EE9E9F5AF97E3CFF9EE0B012A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/77D5E5EE9E9F5AF97E3CFF9EE0B012A6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">
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<subSubSection id="62429BA581621C86887E8E70A7B65357" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7FA688B268BA0CA70D74B0606EE297A8" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">
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<taxonomicName id="14D60AC7D3275618C28A59E7A8A6AF57" ID-CoL="7PNKG" authority="Leach, 1814" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia Leach, 1814</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59D4EB83701884717F843FF3446B5ED1" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="641FB68B308EEF14305BBA441AF6A879" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2CC4DAD3C32A5F35B74C258322AEBB" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="CC7D8FA3D80A17566F6E65A4ABC5D516" author="Leach, WE" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Encyclopedia" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" pagination="429 - 437" title="Article: Crustaceology." volume="7" year="1814">Leach 1814</bibRefCitation>
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: 402;
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<bibRefCitation id="25C127108A59CF6D8C49F4924BDDC44E" author="Bousfield, EL" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Canada, Publications in Biological Oceanography No. 11" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" title="The Amphipod superfamily Talitroidea in the Northeastern Pacific region. I. Family Talitridae: Systematics and distributional ecology." year="1982">Bousfield 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: 22;
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<bibRefCitation id="CDA98272D93C8DDBDC1DC72F48088123" author="Lowry, JK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" pagination="201 - 229" title="Substrate dependent talitrid amphipods from the fragmented beaches on the north coast of Crete (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae), including a redefinition of the genus Orchestia and descriptions of Orchestiaxylino sp. nov., and Cryptorchestia gen. nov." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3709.3.1" volume="3709" year="2013">Lowry and Fanini 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 205.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7F89D7DC3E4FDB2A946FF135EA91C41C" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="11B2A805696ADFA18C2C5E61679778A7" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F88366C02C5816265CCCB106FD6DADB0" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">
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<taxonomicName id="FCD878F2FB1EB7CE4D4A309B280D2176" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia gammarellus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gammarellus">Orchestia gammarellus</taxonomicName>
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(Pallas, 1766).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EEB4D641920FBA4B7B80F8717B76CEE4" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" type="component species">
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<paragraph id="0A4D095013021FF509141B179AB0D2D2" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">Component species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A283B3837584BFA1D95C2C663D37B5C8" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">
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Since the erection of
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<taxonomicName id="B238DC106735581C76C7973EDB94532D" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
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Leach, 1814 the genus has been uncritically used to include many new species from around the World. In more recent times genera have been split off from
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<taxonomicName id="45ACFF187167F696874D8B0D0DC1E284" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
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including:
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<taxonomicName id="91A2881CD66DA726E317B3833B2DDD0C" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Platorchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platorchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Platorchestia</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="B0EA75A364F21DBEF2FE43E2149A8946" author="Bousfield, EL" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Canada, Publications in Biological Oceanography No. 11" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" title="The Amphipod superfamily Talitroidea in the Northeastern Pacific region. I. Family Talitridae: Systematics and distributional ecology." year="1982">Bousfield (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C83A86697AC8CB67047D7A5F86B432A9" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Palmorchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palmorchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Palmorchestia</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="685EEA76A2513C93C7BD1E7C1D5139A1" author="Stock, JH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" pagination="1121 - 1133" title="A new cavehopper (Amphipoda: Talitridae) from lava tubes in La Palma, Canary Islands." url="10.1080/00222938800770701" volume="22" year="1988">Stock and Martin (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D38DFD6401AB627F25AA5538D7640C85" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Macarorchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macarorchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macarorchestia</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="11B2BBB9D2EED21AAF52CC400011CDDB" author="Stock, JH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" pagination="1109 - 1118" title="A new genus and species of Talitridae (Amphipoda) from a cave in Terceira, Azores." url="10.1080/00222938900771001" volume="23" year="1989">Stock (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="094D1F9934639C0B873DC91A91DD70EF" author="Bousfield, EL" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Canada, Publications in Biological Oceanography No. 11" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" title="The Amphipod superfamily Talitroidea in the Northeastern Pacific region. I. Family Talitridae: Systematics and distributional ecology." year="1982">Bousfield (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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re-defined the range of
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<taxonomicName id="CDEE011C2841F635E28FE82AC2541F9B" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
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, limiting species to those found in the Atlantic/ Mediterranean region. I have further limited the geographic range of this taxon to the northeast Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Black Seas, but excluding the western Atlantic coastline of North America. The northeast Atlantic islands including: Canary, Madeira and Azore archipelagos are also included in the region. The northerly limit is arbitrarily set at the Arctic Circle (thus including Iceland) and the southern one at the Tropic of Cancer. Circumstantial evidence (
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<bibRefCitation id="C7D7821F7364BF0B34875E41F998C3D0" author="Henzler, CM" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" pagination="57 - 70" title="The biogeography of the beachflea, Orchestiagammarellus (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae), in the North Atlantic with special reference to Iceland: a morphometric and genetic study." volume="37" year="2008">Henzler and Ingolffson 2008</bibRefCitation>
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) supports the presence of
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<taxonomicName id="6211F1ADEEF6AC72CD613A136A45F676" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia gammarellus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gammarellus">Orchestia gammarellus</taxonomicName>
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on northwest Atlantic coastlines (as far south as Maine), as a result of recent, post glacial, synanthropic, dispersal from the northeastern shores of the Atlantic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7A6372FA41CF89BA2C2637CB400CE900" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">
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Taking only
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<taxonomicName id="BF4273A9B4CB38E3DF7CD37C32092E72" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
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species which occur within this newly defined geographic range and excluding those outside it, synonyms, and where the taxonomic or ecological status is unclear (inclusive of
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<taxonomicName id="577BB0C75E0E7FCB57D354DF73E85524" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia kosswigi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kosswigi">Orchestia kosswigi</taxonomicName>
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Ruffo, 1949-which is figured and described in
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<bibRefCitation id="977438D233F44B0D85069A3B0B2D24AE" author="Ruffo, S" editor="Bellan-Santini, D" journalOrPublisher="Monaco" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" pagination="365 - 814" title="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique." year="1993">Ruffo (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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but its ecological status remains unclear);
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<taxonomicName id="97089B48B7F501C38480162CCA08C5A1" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia guerni" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guerni">Orchestia guerni</taxonomicName>
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Chevreux, 1889 and
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<taxonomicName id="C6533E48437A71756762DC17179A5B16" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia gambierensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gambierensis">Orchestia gambierensis</taxonomicName>
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Chevreux, 1908), leaving a total of 13 species (Table 1). The placement of these 13 species in five clearly separate habitats is consistent with a polyphyletic origin for them and that we can expect further generic splitting of
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<taxonomicName id="DF296F9F47AE34AF2237657BBBC0D1BC" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
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. In fact
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<bibRefCitation id="886E400D40B98D9D9445E0E1012CE053" author="Lowry, JK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" pagination="201 - 229" title="Substrate dependent talitrid amphipods from the fragmented beaches on the north coast of Crete (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae), including a redefinition of the genus Orchestia and descriptions of Orchestiaxylino sp. nov., and Cryptorchestia gen. nov." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3709.3.1" volume="3709" year="2013">Lowry and Fanini (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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have recently proposed a revision of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="A7075BD2A5224D9A1E0D1E4DC1223156" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
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in which all the species belonging to freshwater and terrestrial rain forest leaf litter of the northeast Atlantic islands (columns 3 and 4 in Table 1) were removed to a newly created genus Cryptorchestia. O. kosswigi is also transferred to the new genus and these authors describe a new species referable to
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<taxonomicName id="1BF73D63E172E88137F20F72BC67F138" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="1F3D2ADC8AB5BA9EC9F04F20B159FA7A" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia xylino" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xylino">Orchestia xylino</taxonomicName>
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Lowry & Fanini from the Mediterranean Sea. Recent molecular evidence (
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<bibRefCitation id="A22A1E1E17E872E10A68C1957F6E1F67" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">Pavesi et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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) does not support the close genetic relationship required by Lowry and
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<normalizedToken id="47266C12C0D22EAE0EEFE7ADCB035A5C" originalValue="Fanini’s">Fanini's</normalizedToken>
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proposal between cavimana and the Atlantic islands endemic "
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<taxonomicName id="4B5DE91EC9A3134D9A4DC707EB3C6C70" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
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" listed in column 4 of Table 1. One of these taxa,
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<taxonomicName id="AC8A46714CE832C554C6D5B55F889930" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia guancha" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guancha">Orchestia guancha</taxonomicName>
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, was shown to be close genetically to
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<taxonomicName id="28FAC709E1F54CC6A622BABD0CB6CF28" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia gammarellus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gammarellus">Orchestia gammarellus</taxonomicName>
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, confirming earlier work by
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<bibRefCitation id="69170178909D288FA57F6E15326D3DB0" author="Villacorta, C" journalOrPublisher="BMC Biology" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" pagination=": 7" title="Under the volcano: phylogeography and evolution of the cave-dwelling Palmorchestiahypogaea (Amphipoda, Crustacea) at La Palma (Canary Islands)." url="10.1186/1741-7007-6-7" volume="6" year="2008">Villacorta et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="7C0EACFCED975D853167977A4E60AEDD" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">Pavesi et al. (2014</bibRefCitation>
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)also show that
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<taxonomicName id="55E25D29E2B6A58420795BFC61B0B8DD" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia montagui" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montagui">Orchestia montagui</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="DFE0EFD72788BB69224BB1C684600CFE" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia stephenseni" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephenseni">Orchestia stephenseni</taxonomicName>
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are not closely linked genetically to the other species of
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<taxonomicName id="5419AABEBEE9803D2B2AC09CC046246E" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
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inclusive of the type species
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<taxonomicName id="8AE57273520AA277A136AF19EC665D13" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia gammarellus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gammarellus">Orchestia gammarellus</taxonomicName>
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, plus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B921EE16CC470E50CD60989846BA541" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia mediterranea" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">Orchestia mediterranea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="435BD60199B3F7A4C86C0973752DE4F3" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia aestuarensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuarensis">Orchestia aestuarensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B0D4BF11B57461A5E8A16C8AD7AA9EF" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia guancha" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guancha">Orchestia guancha</taxonomicName>
|
||
. With the transfer of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="880E8D3B50B7C4B55061E42964986918" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia microphtalma" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microphtalma">Orchestia microphtalma</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FD0947836F4EF1B6A66962CCD618AB51" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Macarorchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macarorchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macarorchestia</taxonomicName>
|
||
herein, this reduces the habitats occupied by "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74166C7C680FADA413F5F0F3CCB1598A" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
|
||
" to 4. The genetic findings of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="143B61612C54D47AB34B0CD4476069CD" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">Pavesi et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggest the polyphyletic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61B9DD882FF6D3585EAC356A73BD5152" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a generic level re-alignment like that shown in Table 2. Further genetic and taxonomic work is needed to include all the species listed in Tables 1 and 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E9D9FEBF5B1B3F22A607ADF5D7DF4D42" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="7A05C44DC202F03B0D3827A1207C7B49" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3130C0EF6BD7AA84BD22D9232B89F579" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">
|
||
An interim diagnosis is provided based on the type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3939CAFA0EBA0F92A6477945BCBF8E22" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia gammarellus" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gammarellus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="10D54C352905293EFCC1CDE7DEBB9F58" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" start="start">Orchestia</pageBreakToken>
|
||
gammarellus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Medway estuary, U.K., as listed in Table 2. This is because of the demonstration of polyphyly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E441C064F1188C1F93CD3067D9A9B17" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Pavesi et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) within the older view of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26695E6175B5C61A407D9BD3009B3E64" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and because of the resultant taxonomic uncertainty regarding which of the taxa in Table 1 should be included within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF82B9B53F9712874F6151CDE049AF24" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A diagnosis of the 5 genera listed by letter in Table 2 is delayed because the current COI phylogeny (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="191B71A6CDAC9DB3A1E61DABAE5A2D17" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Pavesi et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) does not include 6 species of "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91803C00FA1D62319FB56ACE775991D4" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
|
||
" (indicated by brackets in Table 2). This omission might change the final phylogentic tree obtained with all species listed in Table 2 included.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB53908CF7B06ABB663DCC1BADA8826F" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Adult total body length up to 22 mm; dorsal pigment patterns present; eyes medium in size, approximately one quarter of head length; antenna 1 flagellum just reaching antenna 2 peduncle of article 4; antenna 2 sexually dimorphic, peduncle slightly incrassate in adult males and without ventral fig on peduncle article 3; upper lip without robust setae; mandible left lacinia mobilis 4 dentate; maxilliped palp 3 articulate, article 2 with well developed medial lobe; gnathopod 1 of male subchelate with palm equal to dactyl, carpus and propodus free and with rounded lobes covered with palmate setae; gnathopod 1 of female parachelate, without lobes on carpus and propodus; gnathopod 2 of male strongly subchelate, merus and carpus free, dactylus with blunted tip and is half the length of the enlarged propodus; gnathopod 2 of female, ovigerous oostegite long and wide with many, long, simple, marginal setae, basis expanded anteriorly; peraeopods 3-7 cuspidactylate; peraeopods 5-7 lack slender setae lining the anterior margin of the dactyl; peraeopod 7 sexually dimorphic, adult males with merus and carpus enlarged; distinctive tufts of long simple setae on propodus of peraeopod 7 absent in both sexes; pleon segments 1-3 lacking vertical slits; pleopod rami slightly, or not, reduced; uropods without apical, spade-like robust setae, uropod 1 not sexually dimorphic, peduncle lacking well developed dorsolateral robust setae distally, outer ramus with marginal robust setae, uropod 2 rami equal in length, uropod 3 ramus shorter than peduncle; telson apically notched with 6-8 robust setae per lobe and shorter than uropod 3.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C03D1CD127B2047F86CED1B0E18A0781" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<paragraph id="41DB544974C82A9176C1F4681644EBFF" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
Table 1. Ecological habitats occupied by species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6C3343A9E3AD20238339EAED69A66DC6" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
|
||
which are listed in WoRMS Editoral Board (2013) available from: World Register of Marine Species, http://www.marinespecies.org, accessed in 2013-06-26, and occurring in the northeast Atlantic (including offshore islands), Mediterranean and Black Sea region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="649FA55698F4B9C9314A1173CF709A75" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<table id="70427EF55C1C9B4C815FDF104F0340C3" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<tr id="A0CC1CA09A3C06142A5A0329519FD979" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<th id="FA8B418CB724361975D5EF112364CB22" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">Marine/estuarine supralittoral wrack</th>
|
||
<th id="57813EED6DAF9C2EBE0697FCCDC84CC7" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">Marine/estuarine eulittoral wrack</th>
|
||
<th id="20A4A6ECFD3DC7C8BC4FB78AAE1D6FE8" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">Freshwater supralittoral wrack</th>
|
||
<th id="EF47CD10AA03A601CC0444AC91A9B8CA" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">Terrestrial rain forest leaf litter</th>
|
||
<th id="E536489E428E4126F614FDA05D52853E" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">Marine driftwood</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="932F1F7844D8BBF8818BB4EB3358F19D" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<td id="AAAE9E6BAFEADDA0E5E8063FC42C30F4" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">gammarellus</td>
|
||
<td id="F80A23F3CF1FC3553C43585BB7528D6A" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">mediterranea</td>
|
||
<td id="61E862738BEF8CBB8C4D50DC595985CF" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">cavimana</td>
|
||
<td id="EB04DEDD135417F1921E1F01FBF1BD6F" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">chevreuxi</td>
|
||
<td id="F349B0D6DBC22259D9DD4263B502B30C" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">microphtalma</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3541C94658B3630D4E34B2A769EB740D" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<td id="3CD94462E8C8740B96A38D1B53C7C0ED" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">stephenseni</td>
|
||
<td id="54758C22CB799F18E29AAD4D69CB57CC" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">aestuarensis</td>
|
||
<td id="255E50382B61E352FE75D5945EB95A44" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">monticola</td>
|
||
<td id="887E986C8A17C87ACF3F4C8D1E670368" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">guancha</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="447476791AA0D4F09250148EF85522FC" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<td id="B5FD1C54D772BB627DC22209E45F12DE" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">montagui</td>
|
||
<td id="9FA95BEF610995309EB035E78E7B1BA3" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">stocki</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9DF1D568F218BE87125240D516937D6E" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<td id="FC9558B7F644292DF6E97482B16B91F3" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">canariensis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EA533FC0107D3AFDB18267DC97A1BCAF" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<td id="47F5C5EC9DE08D206586F330EFBE1E5D" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">gomeri</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="91C7684F4B05DFA9519C129F375E2E94" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<paragraph id="8FADA224023720F5BB27A951A05B4091" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
Table 2. Ecological habitats and proposed generic groupings of species listed in Table 1, based on the molecular phylogeny (COI) of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03B47739F631798E7A300F145344B06B" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Pavesi et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.? before a species name indicates that the ecological habitat given has not been confirmed. Brackets indicates absence of COI data for that species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E6177F4E933FA181929043C3B849D16" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<table id="C8E5B3ABE5ECA59BC980BC2095077903" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<tr id="CF1C695425B6C9702DCA0AEFA9F6279A" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<th id="109978DFF7B41E1196455414A79F0721" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">Genus</th>
|
||
<th id="292F476A99E3E5A9E46928EB187D11F4" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">Marine/estuarine supralittoral wrack</th>
|
||
<th id="C48CF5DBAD3ED049ED7FA9392C4DE176" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">Marine/estuarine eulittoral wrack</th>
|
||
<th id="978877A8110C1CF6673AAED350A3CB65" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">Freshwater supralittoral wrack</th>
|
||
<th id="0D2051D832B7C7510B3E8F3B95EB61C0" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">Terrestrial rain forest leaf litter</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="67C058754340A6E6E577B6289880E6D5" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<td id="13EEEF74DF3455412A4A3E0F1AD62A8A" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29389411F647EFAC3190EB94BDB685D3" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="B6B114BFC6D864EFA4071E560BF03496" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">gammarellus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4A81583461C044A54ADF643EB3D14973" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<td id="14EA55EE16D26F927348CCAD0856930C" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">mediterraneaaestuarensis</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="16AA5BBF465E378F5277D06F3853F2F0" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<td id="A6399263A0781A7B00822D41720B4AE3" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">stephenseni montaguixylino</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E1090E0D358FD1E2A12CA1F559F717C0" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<td id="33214F622EAAE6619984358907A6D295" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="320539E43A291BB8AF5EAE2C35AC0CF2" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Cryptorchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptorchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptorchestia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="EC7AEBA701537D0B7834A541596B7152" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">cavimana</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="675FA2912BA662CA8354DEBCB2085894" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<td id="5AD8D5045F4671FB4FF2811A663360EA" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">monticola</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9219B245034C49E145813471F88A551E" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<td id="D139CD9AB9002C1CEF56B14636FF3597" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">guanchagomericanariensisstocki</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A369D6E324ADA1B3ACEC9345BC5B3F0F" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<td id="647CF0A9D306A0BF33F383E40CC75487" colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rowspan="1">chevreuxi</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |