166 lines
23 KiB
XML
166 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="A02E98F480F7A40EB7237A5323C49EE8" ID-CLB-Dataset="35742" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.527.6087" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a2af07c1-fe6b-49d4-a42d-80117a8e6b0e" ID-PMC="PMC4668885" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-527-3" ID-PubMed="26692785" ID-ZooBank="E4C7073684B241DFAD8920AA881E23E5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-527-3" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 527" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the genus Doryodes Guenée, 1857, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Catocalinae, Euclidiini)" checkinTime="1451243885026" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lafontaine, J. Donald & Sullivan, J. Bolling" docDate="2015" docId="2B0C61999421D0806D18DE560AF3F493" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 527: 3-30" docOrigin="ZooKeys 527" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.527.6087" docTitle="Doryodes bistrialis Geyer 1832" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFEBA8215F7DFFD2FF9FFFD4FFAAFFA2" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Doryodes Guenee, 1857, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Catocalinae, Euclidiini)" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="3" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1701383916898" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0F2539F5485A49C4A5DC5CE1543A3A61">A revision of the genus Doryodes Guenee, 1857, with descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Catocalinae, Euclidiini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D6BE9B2C355B430E2113E5E60D86845B">Lafontaine, J. Donald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D10D3D90D8DDD83B1ECD400E76ADD34B">Sullivan, J. Bolling</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="083BEE3077FF588CC2C27857A5BEB1F4">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:start id="F21F256798B4F86BDD077F4798CFFD7A">3</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="9CA8A3BA643F315AC162AC7A1F99F840">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0608F851BCE76AA45A258AC6DA1E3042" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.527.6087</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2B0C61999421D0806D18DE560AF3F493" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152062733" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B0C61999421D0806D18DE560AF3F493" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B0C61999421D0806D18DE560AF3F493" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="FC2F591F60DD2ACFEA5E05337DFC9998" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="2765446CDD510C699B140545B8418F2E" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Erebidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E3B3C0981BD1A5E4C2B5337B0C9A6873" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="815262C6D1940FFE7DC0CF2C99243026" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="25B73C42731BD266589ADBC2B79E3805" ID-CoL="37FH5" authority="Geyer, 1832" authorityName="Geyer" authorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Doryodes bistrialis (Geyer, 1832)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1-3, 33, 43
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="028BC6BEE3DD1C5C59A165F0E2484246" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FD3952432C5B013CB5F83BAF44D3B6BA" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="A2DFE51C0A20A347BE7FCB7CDDA162E7" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Agriphila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agriphila bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Agriphila bistrialis</taxonomicName>
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Geyer, 1832: 38; pl. 133, figs 775, 776.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="381C1E3C3881940FC03166A72231D462" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="5DE727AD473880DE0EFF3ED09E4AAE9B" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ligia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ligia acutaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutaria">Ligia acutaria</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="0F33AD17F52B7907C79734C9AA444C7F" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
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, [1852]: 74; pl. 73, fig. 447.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D667394C50C2C6C5B8DCD0C6CC89E717" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="BB021A1906341787871059E5009B9E6B" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ACCFA5508B5A87309C4EC11E72F4ED45" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="FE8CF0BF0B330DF4CB54AE8DDD8E1613" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Agriphila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agriphila bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Agriphila bistrialis</taxonomicName>
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: type lost. Given the difficulty of identifying species of
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<taxonomicName id="5865A755B11F456FBDFB098991D8771C" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Doryodes</taxonomicName>
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from an illustration, and the lack of a type locality for
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<taxonomicName id="E0897899EEE2175926464899E41D2A2C" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Agriphila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agriphila bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Agriphila bistrialis</taxonomicName>
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, we designate a neotype in order to preserve the long-standing identity of the inland species of
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<taxonomicName id="4823CC6153A78B5AD45D79CA7CB6EB98" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Doryodes</taxonomicName>
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. Neotype ♂, USA, North Carolina, Carteret Co., Croatan National Forest, Sam Hatcher Road, 23 April 2006, J. Bolling Sullivan. BOLD barcode Sample ID: 06-NCCC-932 [USNM].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0CAFE42934AAA185EEEB5AF2ED93E229" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="C1EB4A4BFB484A9CD3C1F71D71F12E4C" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ligia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ligia acutaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutaria">Ligia acutaria</taxonomicName>
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is nominally described from southern Russia, although already in 1852
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<normalizedToken id="8E633A4D36FBD7084DC694AA5376B6A1" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
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suspected it was mislabeled. The type is lost, so to ensure that the current synonymy is maintained, we designate the neotype of
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<taxonomicName id="030470EC486620F1FECFAF157A65F4F9" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Agriphila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agriphila bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Agriphila bistrialis</taxonomicName>
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as Neotype of
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<taxonomicName id="F0B41ACE017F215766088D7081A5819C" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ligia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ligia acutaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutaria">Ligia acutaria</taxonomicName>
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also.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2D71CFBA5CC7101D98B245ACDA85CEC5" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="ED598736093D181D1E88741DE1CDE5BC" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Other material examined and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="51722A6BD7243B572881669FAEB35582" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">We have examined material from North Carolina east of the Piedmont, from most of Florida except for the Keys and Panhandle and a single male from a power cut near Grand Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson County, Mississippi. Specimens from Florida, Mississippi and North Carolina are closely similar in appearance, genitalia and barcodes.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="037F3FB02EDB5E09E98149C09ABC445C" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E0A6EB8AB612EDC12EEE5BFBF70EEE52" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5EB74E7A9F4960ECE8ACCDC9B04A41A5" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
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Superficially, adults usually can be identified by the narrower dark stripe on the forewing and their relatively small size (forewing length: ♂ 13.0-15.5 mm, ♀ 14.5-16.0 mm). Compared to
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<taxonomicName id="14282694133DE368F65C0C04D6D1B6CA" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes spadaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spadaria">Doryodes spadaria</taxonomicName>
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the medial longitudinal stripe on the forewing of
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<taxonomicName id="72801791A5B3CA1BFA30EB55B563FFA9" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Doryodes bistrialis</taxonomicName>
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is much narrower and the hindwings are whitish not buff through June emergences. Later in the year,
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<taxonomicName id="10C3EF2C236A558FAFDD686490BFBED6" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes spadaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spadaria">Doryodes spadaria</taxonomicName>
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hindwings become more whitish, so wing length and the width of the longitudinal line must be relied upon to distinguish the species, or genital characters must be examined for positive identification. Females of
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<taxonomicName id="A744EB120AFC77B1CD3183409DD11308" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Doryodes bistrialis</taxonomicName>
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do not overlap those of
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<taxonomicName id="7BF0A68F923E61D15CFE6011CF5F58C9" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes spadaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spadaria">Doryodes spadaria</taxonomicName>
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in size, females of
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<taxonomicName id="B16B7AC508E880787F3A9206ECA53EF5" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes spadaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spadaria">Doryodes spadaria</taxonomicName>
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having a forewing length of 18.0-21.0 mm. The male vesica is also diagnostic in
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<taxonomicName id="04B4018D7F14913A5640AB7C1237BF9E" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Doryodes bistrialis</taxonomicName>
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in that there is a line of smaller cornuti extending along the trunk usually in three patches, whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="206CBA154685C1712816F2501443CC6F" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes spadaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spadaria">Doryodes spadaria</taxonomicName>
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there are two side-by-side cornuti on the basal trunk of the vesica. In
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<taxonomicName id="ECA60E2A25D204F6FAD857717920BD7D" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Doryodes bistrialis</taxonomicName>
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, diverticulum 1 is 2-3
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<normalizedToken id="A839154C04EBDA510E310B059EAF1D3F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide and has a deeply-serrated rooster-comb-like cornutus at the apex;
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<taxonomicName id="824E373B545913C3332610980333D18A" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes spadaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spadaria">Doryodes spadaria</taxonomicName>
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has no diverticulum in this position and the cornuti in the vesica are triangular, sometimes minutely serrated on one side.
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<taxonomicName id="A92BC20D9608BD99FBB1734301284EC7" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Doryodes bistrialis</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="0768B0270E0082867CDAEFD6DB7E12F9" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes fusselli" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusselli">Doryodes fusselli</taxonomicName>
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by the shape of diverticulum 1, which is rounded in
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<taxonomicName id="69BB75ED9F079F722B634BFD966AA224" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes fusselli" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusselli">Doryodes fusselli</taxonomicName>
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and about as long as wide; also the apex of the vesica in
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<taxonomicName id="CB1E5471F0CDFD92B5357B323F0C029D" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Doryodes bistrialis</taxonomicName>
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is symmetrical with a triangular cornutus on a pouch on each side (diverticula 4 and 5).
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<taxonomicName id="0319CDFD7108B3D75339B48D7AF3F595" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Doryodes bistrialis</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="41A13446E764094D8748A4AEB1035B16" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes reineckei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reineckei">Doryodes reineckei</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="BF918F5E734527728D2ADAF4829BD079" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes latistriga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latistriga">Doryodes latistriga</taxonomicName>
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by the wing pattern and by size and from
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<taxonomicName id="4AAB5C540A5CEB7A05AFD0D48C24D84B" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes broui" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broui">Doryodes broui</taxonomicName>
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by the characters of the vesica. Along the Gulf Coast
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<taxonomicName id="943AE28ACF178591A2D62A73A3E31AA6" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Doryodes bistrialis</taxonomicName>
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could be confused with
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<taxonomicName id="693D1EBCD5DAD506DC100F680E2A8CFF" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes broui" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broui">Doryodes broui</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="3B3082C13016B074F18ABABA5DD7906D" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes tenuistriga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuistriga">Doryodes tenuistriga</taxonomicName>
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, but characters of the vesica (
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<taxonomicName id="A06008FC542F88D6C59BA110F828555A" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes broui" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="broui">Doryodes broui</taxonomicName>
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, Fig. 40 and
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<taxonomicName id="B2D65A7D393616975338CC1472E713B0" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes tenuistriga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuistriga">Doryodes tenuistriga</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Fig. 42, versus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74DD06DFBD78FF93C8854A0A43E5E678" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Doryodes bistrialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Fig. 33) readily distinguish these three species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A20F0CD72EE3A5078C76D09978CA59EB" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Doryodes bistrialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs farther inland. The female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9402326E0C3B887DB687F1D06E3CFAF9" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Doryodes bistrialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are elongated with a more compact, less differentiated, appendix bursae than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2181EBFD5624F6A8BF818255BD577744" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes spadaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spadaria">Doryodes spadaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F5CD0D60704E734725C0FCFD67A1C8D" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" type="distribution and biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6862D62B9918036FEE817525DEC2D32B" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ADB3084BC91C78C7490623CF47D337AA" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CFDC9D88B4408B6432867F0068C699" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Doryodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryodes bistrialis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrialis">Doryodes bistrialis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, unlike all other species in the genus, occurs mainly inland away from coastal salt marshes. It occurs in pine savannas where wiregrass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D75FC5E3F06EE8B7A416511B2BC8A82" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aristida stricta" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">Aristida stricta</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the presumed food plant, is abundant. It has only been recorded in North Carolina, Mississippi and Florida, and it follows the distribution of the presumed foodplant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6D9A6507E227B3545071D9F82B3AE8B" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aristida stricta" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stricta">Aristida stricta</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species is on the wing from April through October in North Carolina, and throughout the year in Florida. The species appears to be associated with wiregrass, but we were unable to successfully rear it on cut grasses. Eggs should be placed on potted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F927B5083B4184E377082E91949BD54" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aristida" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aristida</taxonomicName>
|
||
and larvae monitored to determine their preference for the grass or detritus in the base of the grass clump. In North Carolina the savannas are usually a half mile or more inland from coastal marshes and extend westward into the Sandhills adjacent to the piedmont. It is possible that the salt marsh species and the wiregrass species could occur in the same or very close areas where coastal marshes penetrate inland but we did not find such areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |